【英语】2020届二轮复习语法基础第一讲名词学案（江苏专用）

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法基础第一讲名词学案（江苏专用）

‎[学生用书P115(单独成册)]‎ ‎(建议用时：30分钟)‎ 单项填空 ‎1．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)When you enter a hotel, the top ________ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.‎ A．privilege　　　　　　　 B．priority C．preference D．principle B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当你进入酒店时，你的首要任务是找出所有可用的出口路线，以防你需要在紧急情况下离开。priority“优先事项，首要事情”，符合句意。privilege“特权”；preference“偏爱，偏爱的事物”；principle“规范，原则”。‎ ‎2．(2019·南京、盐城一模)The health of garden plants depends on the soil ________ —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.‎ A．construction　　　　　　　 B．conservation C．corporation D．composition D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：园艺植物的健康取决于土壤的组成成分——矿物质、有机物质、空气和水的适当平衡。composition“构成，成分”，符合语境。construction“建造， 建筑”；conservation“保存，保护”；corporation“法人，大型公司”。‎ ‎3．The audience burst into laughter because of the ________ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”‎ A．slip B．slide C．seal D．spit A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：由于主持人的口误，观众突然大笑起来，主持人说：“女士们好，晚上和先生们。” a slip of the tongue“口误”，符合语境。slide“滑动”；seal“印章，封条”；spit“唾沫”。‎ ‎4．Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer，takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk culture.‎ A．way B．approach C．passage D．entry B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，‎ 他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民间文化。an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“……的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”，不符合本句要求；entry意为“进入，进入权，入口处”，不符合本句要求。‎ ‎5．Music grows and evolves through the ________ of different cultures and styles.‎ A．interaction B．competition C．connection D．interpretation A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：音乐是通过不同文化和风格的互相影响而发展和演变的。interaction“互相影响，互相作用”；competition“竞争”；connection“联系”；interpretation“理解，演绎”。‎ ‎6．She was admitted to college and she had to make some ________ and learn to lead an independent life there.‎ A．progress B．adjustment C．difference D．assessment B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：她被大学录取了，因此她不得不做些调整并学会在那儿独立生活。adjustment“调整，调节”，符合语境。progress“进步”；difference“差异，不同”；assessment“评价，评估”。‎ ‎7．The survey shows that the US is still a favorite ________ for studying abroad.‎ A．opportunity B．destination C．challenge D．qualification B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：调查表明，美国依旧是人们出国留学最喜欢的目的地。根据句意可知，此处应填destination“目的地”，故答案选B项。‎ ‎8．—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?‎ ‎—I’ve made a ________ for you on the morning flight.‎ A．regulation B．presentation C．reservation D．contribution C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：——史密斯先生，我什么时候能去美国？——我已经为你预订了一个早班飞机的座位。根据句意，表示“预订”要用make a reservation。regulation“管理，规则”；presentation“展示，描述，陈述”；contribution“贡献，捐献”，均不符合句意。‎ ‎9．Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) ________ for any crime.‎ A．defeat B．treatment C．punishment D．injury C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：许多人认为死刑对任何犯罪来说都是太严厉的处罚。a severe punishment表示“严厉的处罚”，故选punishment。‎ ‎10．When asked what is the ________ of happiness, different people will give different answers.‎ A．habit B．source C．origin D．resource B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当被问到什么是快乐的源泉这个问题时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。habit“习惯，习性”；source“根源，来源”；origin“起源，血统”；resource“资源”。‎ ‎11．Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some ________ to be at an advantage finally.‎ A．amazement B．relief C．curiosity D．nervousness B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：尽管在不受他们控制的事情上花了大量时间，但最终能够处于优势让他们略感宽慰。amazement“惊讶”；relief“宽慰，轻松”；curiosity“好奇心”；nervousness“紧张不安”。‎ ‎12．Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.‎ A．knowledge B．ability C．competition D．challenge D　解析：句意：当今世界找信息很容易，挑战在于你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识；B.能力；C.竞赛；D.挑战，艰巨任务。故选D。‎ ‎13．It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to your ________ and have a try!‎ A．imagination B．puzzlement C．attention D．qualification A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：如果你有足够多的巧克力，你能用它做出来的东西令人吃惊。充分发挥你的想象力去尝试一下吧！根据语境可知，此空填imagination“想象力”‎ ‎。puzzlement“疑惑”；attention“注意力”；qualification“资格”。‎ ‎14．The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.‎ A．purpose　 B．apologies C．gratitude　 D．sympathy C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：病人家属在信中为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude“感激；感谢”；sympathy“同情”。‎ ‎15．(2019·江苏扬州中学质检)When you cast a________for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.‎ A．glance B．doubt C．shadow D．vision D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当你为他人投射一个愿景时，你帮助他们看到自己的潜力和可能性。glance意为“一瞥”；doubt意为“怀疑”；shadow意为“影子”；vision意为“构想，设想”。根据句意可知应选D项。‎ ‎16．The ________ of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.‎ A．cooperation B．similarity C．convention D．collision D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：欧洲人和吉卜赛人之间的文化冲突导致了许多国家对他们采取行动。cooperation“合作”；similarity“相似处”；convention“习俗”；collision“碰撞，冲突”。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎17．As is often the case, teachers’ ________ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.‎ A．acquaintances B．negotiations C．conferences D．consultations C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：情况经常是这样，家长会上老师抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰。conference“会议”；acquaintance“知道，熟悉”；negotiation“协商”；consultation“请教，咨询，磋商”。‎ ‎18．For sustainable development, the government has decided to give ________ to those energyconserving and environmentfriendly businesses in many aspects.‎ A．permission B．profit C．preference D．phenomenon C　解析：句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在各个方面给予那些节能环保的企业优惠。give preference to...“给予……优先权或优惠”；permission“允许”；profit“利润”；phenomenon“现象”。‎ ‎19．The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual________ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.‎ A．award B．admission C．allowance D．acquisition C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：今年地方当局给每个大学生每年提供4 000元作为食物和学费的补贴。allowance“补贴，津贴”，符合语境。award“奖品”；admission“承认，入场费”；acquisition“获得”。‎ ‎20．In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the________and depths of the characters’ personalities.‎ A．dimensions B．certificates C．occupations D．consciences A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在京剧里，表演者们被要求在脸上画上图案并着色，以帮助展示人物个性的广度和深度。根据句意，此处表示“广度”，所以要选dimensions。而certificate“证书”；occupation“职业，占有”；conscience“道德心，良心”，均不符合句意。‎ ‎21．Many parents received a message about the class________ because of hazy days in Beijing.‎ A．inspection B．suspension C．anticipation D．participation B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在北京，许多父母都收到了由于雾霾而暂时停课的信息。A项意为“考察，视察”；B项意为“暂停，暂令停学”；C项意为“预见，预期”；D项意为“参加”。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。‎ ‎22．As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his ________．‎ A．clients B．colleagues C．organizations D．companions A　解析：考查名词。句意：作为一名合格的律师，他必须总是考虑其委托人的最大利益。client“委托人，当事人”，符合句意。colleague“同事”；organization“机构”；companion“同伴”。‎ ‎23．Many people tend to assume that________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.‎ A．imitation　　　　　　　　 B．imagination C．innovation D．inspiration C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：许多人往往会认为创新仅仅意味着创造一些新的东西，但是事实上它远不止此，它(还)是一种做事的态度。imitation意为“模仿，效仿”；imagination意为“想象，想象力”；innovation意为“创新，改革”；inspiration意为“灵感，妙计”。故选C项。‎ ‎24．When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) ________ to think that you can do anything.‎ A．opportunity B．situation C．tendency D．advantage C　解析：考查名词辨析。名意：当你思考“一种没有限制的生活”的时候，你会有一种觉得自己能做任何事情的倾向。tendency“倾向，趋势”。故选C。‎ ‎25．(2019·苏北三市高三质检)Having a regular bedtime________is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.‎ A．arrangement B．activity C．trend D．routine D　解析：考查名词。句意：人们可以做的是有一个规律的就寝时间，这可以降低变胖的风险。routine“常规，惯例”，符合句意。arrangement“安排”；activity“活动”；trend“趋势”。‎ ‎26．A trip to the forest park is a wonderful________ of my happy childhood，when I had no end of fun with my playmates.‎ A．adventure B．celebration C．reminder D．attraction C　解析：句意：一次去森林公园的旅行让我想起了我幸福的童年时代，那时我和我的玩伴们有无尽的快乐。A.adventure冒险；B.celebration庆祝；C.reminder 提醒，‎ 让某人想起……的事；D.attraction吸引力。根据题意选C。‎ ‎27．She has a________for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.‎ A．talent　　　　　　　　　 B．passion C．requirement D．reputation B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：她酷爱文学，阅读经典书籍或文章已经成为她日常生活的一部分。talent“天赋”；passion“酷爱，热爱”；requirement“要求”；reputation“名望，声望”。‎ ‎28．—The rapid ________ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.‎ ‎—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.‎ A．exploration B．expansion C．explosion D．evolution B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：——我们城市的快速扩张已经引发了很多社会和经济问题。——确实如此。我们的城市比以前大了，但我们的生活没有以前平静了。根据答语中的“Our city is bigger than before”可知答案选B项。exploration“探索”；expansion“扩大，扩张”；explosion“爆炸”；evolution“进化”。‎ ‎29．He was faced with the________of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.‎ A．contrast B．difference C．adjustment D．dilemma D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：大学毕业以后他面临着是出国继续深造还是找一份工作来养家糊口的两难境地。dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”，符合语境。contrast“对比”；difference“差别”；adjustment“调整”。‎ ‎30．What I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my ________．‎ A．conscience B．dream C．nose D．passion A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我所知道的是我应该向我的顾客出售健康的水果，也就是说，我应该按良心办事。根据句意可知，conscience“良心，良知”符合语境。follow one’s nose“凭直觉”。‎ 用适当的冠词填空 ‎1．Students in Senior 3 are under great stress，because no one will take the risk of failing in the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎2．For cancer patients there may not be a bright future；today has to count.‎ ‎3．—Many people don’t think much of the movie.‎ ‎—I think differently.It is an exciting film.And the photographed scene in the movie is very beautiful.‎ ‎4．Nancy couldn’t remember when she first met Tony.But she was sure it was a Sunday，because everybody was at church.‎ ‎5．We planned to climb the mountain today，but in such bad weather，it seems out of the question.‎ ‎6．In the eyes of children，playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun.‎ ‎7．—What’s the schedule for this weekend?‎ ‎—A greeting ceremony for Professor White will be held in the lecture hall.‎ ‎8．I usually go to the coffee shop near my workplace to place an order for a drink, but this Wednesday, it was slightly different.‎ ‎9．The Teamup Centre will offer an opportunity to young singers to showcase their talents in front of an audience of 5，000.‎ ‎10．The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.‎ ‎11．—What do you think we should do when an earthquake happens?‎ ‎—In my opinion，go to an open space away from buildings or trees.‎ ‎12．The teacher praised me for the progress I’d made，which was a great encouragement to me.‎ ‎13．The Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport system in the country’s crowded urban areas.‎ ‎14．Drivers using mobile phones on the road are more likely to have accidents, a science report said recently.‎ ‎15．We all sighed with relief when the plane finally landed safely.‎ ‎16．If their disagreement comes to a head，you will be faced with an unimaginable challenge.‎ ‎17．Jogging every morning is a good habit.Stick to it, and you’ll make great progress.‎ ‎18．It’s great news for the driver that running a yellow light no longer results in a 6point punishment.‎ ‎19．University is a most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also a very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.‎ ‎20．Tom，a shy boy，who lacks confidence，doesn’t get the attention he deserves.‎