【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点学案(1)

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点学案(1)

英语句子中的谓语动词在数、性、人称、时态等方面要和主语保持一致，这与汉语思维方式有所不同，易为考生忽视。下面结合高考试题，对主谓一致的考查热点进行归纳，希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。‎ 一、考查含有插入语的主谓一致 为了增加迷惑性，命题人常常在主语与谓语之间插入分隔成分。当主语后有as well as, no less than, with, along with, together with, rather than, but, except, including等短语作插入语或有后置定语修饰时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致。例如：‎ Everybody but you knows what was happening. 除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。‎ The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the classroom. 那位老师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教室。‎ ‎【考例】 The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Taipei Flower Expo.（2016福建卷）‎ A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 考查主谓一致和动词时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as...之前的musician， 故谓语动词使用单数形式，排除A、C项；再根据句中标志性词语at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Taipei Flower Expo可知应使用一般过去时态。故答案为B。‎ ‎【考例】 The basketball coach, as well as his team, ____ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.（2016陕西卷）‎ A. were B. was C. is D. are ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：那位篮球教练以及他的球队在比赛后不久就因为他们杰出的表现而受到采访。as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的数由第一个名词或代词决定。本题中as well as连接the basketball coach与his team，the basketball coach为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，排除A、D两项；另外，由关键信息shortly after the match可知动作发生在过去，句子采用一般过去时。‎ ‎【考例】 Such poets as Shakespeare ____ widely read, of whose works, however, some ____ difficult to understand.（2016四川卷）‎ A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 主句中的主语应为poets，as Shakespeare属插入成分，所以谓语动词用复数；其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some (of whose works)，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。‎ 二、考查定语从句中的主谓一致 如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语，则要看其所代替的先行词的数来决定谓语动词的数。在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，这时定语从句中的谓语动词的数一般与复数名词一致，用复数形式；但在“the only / very one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only / very one，定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。‎ ‎【考例】 Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. （2016全国卷Ⅱ）‎ A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of...为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A、D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子表示的是现在事物的状态，因此要用一般现在时，故排除C，选B。‎ ‎【考例】 She is one of the few girls who ____ in the kindergarten.（1994上海卷）‎ A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，这时定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与复数名词一致，用复数形式。根据句意，应使用被动语态。‎ 三、考查表示抽象概念的名称或词组作主语的情况 ‎1. 主语为表示时间、重量、距离、金钱的名词词组时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：‎ Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。‎ Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行的话两千米是一段很长的路程。‎ Six months has passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。‎ ‎【考例】 A survey of the opinions of experts ____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____ good for one's health. （2007江西卷）‎ A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 主句中的主语是survey，后有of短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是three hours，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎2.“the +形容词（或分词）”通常表示一类人，看作复数，但在具体语境中也可表示一个人。试比较：‎ The wounded were treated well in the hospital. 伤员在医院里接受良好的治疗。‎ The departed（死者）was a well-known engineer. 那个死者是一位知名的工程师。‎ 四、考查就近一致的原则 由连词or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only... but also... , whether... or... 等连接并列主语时，应采用就近原则，动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。例如：‎ Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。‎ Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不仅孩子们想去，母亲也想去。‎ ‎【考例】 Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.（2016湖南卷）‎ A. are B. is C. have D. be ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 either... or... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近的主语保持一致。One of your students意思是“你的一个学生”，表示单数，故选择B项。‎ 五、考查the number of与a number of的区别 the number of +复数名词，主语是the number（数量），谓语动词用单数；a number of +复数名词，主语是复数名词，a number of作定语，相当于many，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ The number of the students increased to 500. 学生人数增加到了500人。‎ A number of workers have recently left the company. 最近有很多工人离开了公司。‎ ‎【考例】 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____ rising steadily since1997. （2016山东卷）‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，主语是the number（数量），谓语动词用单数，根据时间标志词since，应使用现在完成时。‎ ‎【考例】 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry.（2005辽宁卷）‎ A. is working B. works C. work D. worked ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 a number of +复数名词，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays可知应使用用现在时。‎ 六、考查由one, either, neither, each等+ of +复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致 one, either, neither, each等+ of +复数名词或代词时，of后的部分是定语，of前的才是主语。‎ ‎【考例】 — Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.‎ ‎— So do I. （1998上海卷）‎ A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 本题的主语是each，of the students作后置定语，修饰each。‎ 七、考查分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致 分数、百分数+ of +名词时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词一致。如果是可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生迟到。‎ Nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the Government. 几乎70%的资金是由政府提供的。‎ ‎【考例】 One-third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people.（2016湖南卷）‎ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 第一空前面的country在句中是“国土”之意，是不可数名词，其前有分数修饰时谓语动词用单数形式；“the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。句意为：该国三分之一的国土由森林覆盖，大部分人口为黑人。‎ ‎【考例】 The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ____ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.（2006浙江卷）‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 one-third是指约20台笔记本电脑中的三分之一，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。‎ 八、考查意义一致的原则 一些单复数形式相同的名词如means（方法，手段），works（工厂），family（家庭，家庭成员）等作主语时，根据意义一致的原则，根据具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：‎ Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都试过了。‎ All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都试过了。‎ ‎【考例】 Every possible means ____ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. （2000上海春季卷）‎ A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 means前有every修饰，表示单数意义；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。‎ 九、考查倒装语序中的主谓一致 在全部倒装的句子中要注意主谓一致时须与后面的主语一致。‎ ‎【考例】 At the foot of the mountain ____. （2006四川卷）‎ A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是a village。‎ ‎【考例】 On top of the books ____ the photo album you're looking for.（2005上海春季卷）‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是books，而是the photo album。‎ 十、考查quantities of修饰名词的主谓一致 quantities of可修饰可数名词的复数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。‎ ‎【考例】 — Why does the lake smell terrible?‎ ‎— Because large quantities of water ____.（2016福建卷）‎ A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 quantities of不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。水应该是被污染，故使用被动语态。‎ ‎【考例】 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.（2005山东卷）‎ A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 quantities of不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。‎ 十一、考查由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致 ‎1. and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事物，其概念是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ Jim and Mary are both interested in it. 吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。‎ ‎2. and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数，此时，后一个名词不加冠词。‎ A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处看见一辆马车。‎ ‎【考例】 A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006江苏卷）‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此题中and连接的第二个名词artist没有加冠词，说明指的是同一个人。‎ ‎3. and连接的并列主语是单数概念，并且前面有every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future. 所有的男孩女孩将来都想为人民服务。‎ ‎【考例】 — Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____ invited. （2016陕西卷）‎ A. were B. have been C. has been D. was ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 Every boy and girl作主语应使用单数谓语。邀请是发生在过去的事情，故使用一般过去时。‎ 十二、考查动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致 动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：‎ Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聋又哑很难与人交往。‎ To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。‎ ‎【考例】Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （2016湖南卷）‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】动名词短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项；根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。‎ ‎【考例】 Most of what has been said about the Smiths ____ also true of the Johnsons.（2006安徽卷）‎ A. are B. is C. being D. to be ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，most of修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.‎ A. have B. has C. have been D. has been ‎2. Each man and each woman ____ asked to attend the meeting.‎ A. are B. is C. has D. were ‎3. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.‎ A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study ‎4. Ten thousand dollars ____ more than I can afford.‎ A. has been B. have been C. is D. are ‎5. The public ____ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.‎ A. is B. was C. are D. has been ‎6. Many a student ____ the importance of learning a foreign language.‎ A. have realized B. has realized C. have been realized D. has been realized ‎7. In that country, the rich ____ richer, the poor, poorer.‎ A. become B. has become C. becomes D. is becoming ‎8. Four-fifths of the crop ____.‎ A. are ruined B. was ruined C. were ruined D. have been ruined ‎9. ____ is to attend our evening.‎ A. both the singer and the dancer B. Either the singer or dancers C. The singer or dancers D. The singer and dancer ‎10. What you said just now ____ to do with the matter we are discussing.‎ A. have something B. has something C. had something D. was something ‎11. Going to bed early and getting up early ____ a good habit.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎12. Among the culture relics in the gorge ____ the Huangling Temple and the Three ‎ Travelers Cave.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎13. — ____ both Ann and I going to the party?‎ ‎— No, neither you nor Ann ____ going.‎ A. Are; are B. Is; is C. Are; is D. Is; are ‎14. Twenty-five thousand dollars ____ the average income for a four-person family living ‎ in a medium-sized community in the United States.‎ A. are B. is C. will be D. be ‎15. American society is one of rapid change. Studies show that one out of five American ‎ family ____ every year.‎ A. moves B. move C. has moved D. have moved ‎16. The father, rather than the brothers, ____ for the accidents.‎ A. are responsible B. were responsible C. be responsible D. is responsible ‎17. These beautiful Chinese fancy knots, either of a simple or complicated structure, ____ ‎ made of a single piece of string.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎18. Not his sister but his two cousins ____ to Hainan, never to be seen again.‎ A. had gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been ‎19. — Has everyone in your class passed the driving test?‎ ‎— No, ____ only Yang Bei and I who ____ passed it.‎ A. it was; had B. there is; have C. it is; have D. there were; had ‎20. The poor ____ always dreaming ____ becoming rich over one night.‎ A. are; in B. is; to C. is; of D. are; of ‎21. This kind of stories ____ instructive while stories of that kind ____ harmful to children.‎ A. is; seems B. are; seem C. is; seem D. are; seems ‎22. The population of the city ____ not large, but one third of the population here ____ ‎ highly-educated citizens.‎ A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is ‎23. Which of the books do you think ____ best among the best-sellers?‎ A. sells B. is sold C. are written D. writes ‎24. — Why did you change your major from economics to law?‎ ‎— Because economics ____ as interesting to me as law.‎ A. isn't B. are C. doesn't D. aren't ‎25. The hostess dressed in her finest costume together with the guests of honor ____ ‎ comfortably in the living room when I came in.‎ A. were seated B. seated C. sitting D. was seated ‎26. — These bananas look different and they are sweet.‎ ‎— Right. They ____ here from Taiwan yesterday.‎ A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought ‎27. The injured in the tsunami（海啸） ____ good care of by some medical teams.‎ A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken ‎28. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that ____ us excited.‎ A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made ‎29. On the closet ____ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday.‎ A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid ‎30. About 60 percent of the students ____ from the south; the rest of them ____ from the ‎ north and foreign countries.‎ A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are 主谓一致考点答案 ‎1-5 CBCCC　 6-10 BABDB　 11-15 ABCBA　‎ ‎16-20 DBBCD　 21-25 CCAAD　 26-30 BBCBD