【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题数词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题数词学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题 数词学案 ‎[思维导图]‎ 数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。‎ 一、基数词 ‎1．hundred、 thousand与million ‎(1)名词性数词hundred、 thousand与million等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of。‎ ‎(2)表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词。‎ ‎2．用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加形容词性物主代词。‎ in her forties在她四十多岁时 二、序数词 ‎1．序数词前一般要加上定冠词或形容词性物主代词等限定词。‎ It was the/my first visit to Europe.‎ 那是我第一次去欧洲。‎ ‎2．分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数形式；分母为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。‎ ‎1/3　one－third　2/3　two－thirds 单句语法填空 ‎1．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　causes　[此处的cause是名词，表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。]‎ ‎2．Making Chinese ________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江高考)‎ 答案　dishes　[此处用名词复数泛指中国菜。]‎ ‎3．This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　effects　[此处根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。]‎ ‎4．In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　crowds　[根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词a，所以用名词的复数形式。]‎ ‎5．The nursery team switches him every few________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　days　[every few days表示“每隔几天”，此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。]‎ ‎6．Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　studies　[Recent是形容词，修饰名词，“Recent________”在句中作主语，根据谓语动词show可知，主语需要用复数形式。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There are various types of tea that offer different health benefits(benefit) and flavours.(2019·慈溪中学模拟)‎ ‎2．While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.(2019·萧山中学模拟)‎ ‎3．I suddenly regretted that we had no photos(photo) from this vacation together.(2019·舟山模拟)‎ ‎4．One spring afternoon，we went to one of the grocery stores (store)‎ ‎ nearby to buy some food for dinner.(2019·嘉兴一中模拟)‎ ‎5．Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique plants，animals and cultural heritage are the primary attractions__(attraction)．(2019·宁海中学模拟)‎ ‎6．Don’t try to make friends(friend) with managers，but be respectful.(2019·奉化中学模拟)‎ ‎7．He gained his wealth by printing works (work) of famous writers.(2019·台州模拟)‎ ‎8．The British have many traditions (tradition) but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.(2019·湖州模拟)‎ ‎9．Many of these had benefited from the government’s special new policies encouraging people to start their own businesses(business)．(2019·富阳中学二模)‎ ‎10．And it evaluates how well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing skills (skill)to perform academic tasks.(2019·绍兴模拟)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·金华模拟)What exactly is social media? Social media can be defined as web－based，mobile media that 1.________ (use) to connect with each other.‎ There are several types of social media.The first type involves people getting together to work on a project.Wikipedia is 2.________‎ ‎ example of this type of social media.There are other types that allow people 3.________ (share) content such as pictures and articles.Another type of social media is websites like Second Life，4.________people can create objects，as if they 5.________ (be) in the real world.The final type is social networking sites that can make people stay in touch with 6.________(friend)．‎ Social media is different from 7.________(tradition) media.In the past，media was created in one place，8.________ (normal) a company.Then the company would send out the media to consumers，like newspapers and magazines.But 9.________ social media，many individual people in different locations can create content.In addition，a few minutes are spent 10.________ (write) a twitter post today while it would take many months to edit a magazine in the past.‎ Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.But whatever you might think，social media is here to stay.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为我们介绍了社交媒体。‎ ‎1．is used　[考查动词的语态。social media和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。]‎ ‎2．an　[考查冠词。“维基网站是这种社交媒体的一个例子”表示泛指，用不定冠词an。]‎ ‎3．to share　[考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是allow，“允许某人做某事”用to do不定式作宾语补足语。]‎ ‎4．where　[考查定语从句的关系词。此句中where引导的句子在主句中作定语，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。]‎ ‎5．were　[考查动词的时态。根据前面的as if可知后面用虚拟语气，所以填were。]‎ ‎6．friends　[考查名词的单复数。根据这里的意思：和朋友保持联系，friend是可数名词单数形式，前面没有限定词修饰，所以填friends。]‎ ‎7．traditional　[考查形容词。修饰后面的名词media，用tradition的形容词形式。]‎ ‎8．normally　[考查副词。这里用副词normally修饰，表示“正常情况下，通常”。]‎ ‎9．with　[考查介词。这里填“with”，表示有了社交媒体。]‎ ‎10．writing　[考查非谓语动词。some time is spent (in) doing sth是 “spend some time(in) doing sth”的变式。]‎