湖北省孝感市部分重点学校2019-2020学年高二10月联考英语试题

湖北省孝感市部分重点学校2019-2020学年高二10月联考英语试题

孝感市部分重点中学2019—2020学年度10月联考 高二英语试卷 注意事项:‎ ‎1 .本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第 二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共12页。‎ ‎2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成，在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂， 非选择题请使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。‎ ‎3. 请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人 的信息一致。‎ ‎4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ How much did the man pay for the larger painting?‎ A. Two thousand dollars.‎ B. Four thousand dollars.‎ C. Six thousand dollars.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What does the man want to buy?‎ A. A pet dog. B. A shelf. C. Pet food.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What are the speakers probably doing?‎ A. Taking pictures. B. Watching TV. C. Doing exercise.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What day is it today?‎ A. Sunday. B. Saturday. C. Friday.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ Why does the woman push back the scheduled time?‎ A. Her mother's flight was delayed.‎ B. She has to see her friend at the airport.‎ C. Her flight was delayed.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完 后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎6. What do we know about the woman?‎ A. She doesift like the food there.‎ B. She works as a waitress there.‎ C. It's her first time there.‎ ‎7. What will the man probably have?‎ A. Fish. B. Chicken. C. Noodles.‎ ‎【答案】6. C 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎8. What does the woman think of this year's party?‎ A. Crazy. B. Relaxing. C. Tiring.‎ ‎9. Which Maggie is wearing a blue dress?‎ A. The manager. B. The accountant. C. The secretary.‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎10. Where does the conversation probably take place?‎ A. At a restaurant. B. At a hotel. C. At a supermarket.‎ ‎11. What is bothering the man and his wife?‎ A. The noise. B. The service. C. The price.‎ ‎12. What will the man do?‎ A. Check out today.‎ B. Wait to change the room.‎ C. Call the police.‎ ‎【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎13. Why was the man so late?‎ A. He was caught in the traffic.‎ B. The bank opened late.‎ C. He forgot about time in the bank.‎ ‎14. Who did the man meet at the bank?‎ A. His old friend. B. A tourist. C. His co-worker.‎ ‎15. What did Nicolas give the man?‎ A. His phone number. B. Some money. C. A map.‎ ‎16. What will the speakers do after eating and drinking?‎ A. Go back home.‎ B. Go on touring.‎ C. Look for Nicolas.‎ ‎【答案】13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎17. When is the opening day of America's Cup Park?‎ A. July 4th. B. July 7th. C. September 9th.‎ ‎18. What sport is the America's Cup about?‎ A. Running. B. Swimming. C. Sailing.‎ ‎19. How many teams will be competing in the Challenger Series?‎ A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.‎ ‎20. Which team won last year's Challenger Series?‎ A. An American team. B. An Italian team. C. A Swedish team.‎ ‎【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Scientific Books Amazon offers a wide range of books for readers to choose from. Here are some splendid books for lovely kids.‎ How to be a Scientist Steve Mould Price: $8.81‎ This book is for the child who is forever asking questions. It encourages young readers to hug those questions seek out answers, and try out some fun experiments that will entertain the whole family. We can't wait to get our hands on this one!‎ LEGO Women of NASA: Space Heroes DK Price: $11.72‎ Not only is this splendid book filled with many LEGO characters, but it's also filled with educational facts! Your little one will love learning about ladies like Mae Jemison, Sally Ride, Margaret Hamilton, and Nancy Grace Roman through this fun-to-read book.‎ Hidden Figures Margot Lee Shetterly Price: $12.75‎ You've likely seen the Academy Award-winning film Hidden Figures, but now you can introduce these amazing women to your kids as role models. This picture book explores the story of these amazing mathematicians and the barriers they overcame to have extraordinary careers with NASA.‎ If I Built a Car Chris Van Dusen Price: $ 6. 39‎ It' s a fact—kids love things that move. They are cars, planes, trains, and all you name it! This fun story describes little Jack's dream about designing a perfect ‎ car, including a pool, a fireplace, and much more. The young engineer in your family will be begging you to read If I Built a Car each night before bedtime.‎ ‎21. For whom is the book How to be a Scientist most suitable?‎ A. Parents admiring famous scientists.‎ B. Parents loving entertainment.‎ C. Kids with curiosity about science.‎ D. Kids with a preference for Chinese characters.‎ ‎22. Which of the following books was made into a film?‎ A. How to be a Scientist B. If I Built a Car.‎ C. LEGO Women of NASA : Space Heroes.‎ D. Hidden Figures.‎ ‎23. Who wrote the book about a young designer?‎ A. Chris Van Dusen. B. DK.‎ C. Steve Mould. D. Margot Lee Shetterly.‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文，介绍了亚马逊上一些适合孩子的好书。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文中This book is for the child who is forever asking questions. It encourages young readers to hug those questions, seek out answers, and try out some fun experiments that will entertain the whole family.可知How to be a Scientist 这本书适合那些永远在问问题孩子，这本书鼓励年轻的读者也就是孩子们找到问题的答案，尝试一些有趣的实验。一直问问题说明抱有好奇心，结合书的名字How to be a Scientist可知这本书适合对那些对科学抱有好奇心的孩子。故选C项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Hidden Figures部分的You've likely seen the Academy Award-winning film Hidden Figures可知Hidden Figures被拍成了电影并赢得了奥斯卡奖项，故选D项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的This fun story describes little Jack's dream about ‎ designing a perfect car, including a pool, a fireplace, and much more.可知Chris Van Dusen.写的If I Built a Car这本书讲述了小杰克设计一辆完美的汽车的梦想，也就是Chris Van Dusen的书是关于一个小设计师的 ，故选A项。‎ B Recently, Whitewater Middle School students in the US looked at 200 pounds (90.7 kg) of food. Their classmates threw it away after a meal in the cafeteria. They found the remains of pizzas. They saw untouched green salads and pieces of bread bitten only once. It was，they said, both disgusting and educational.‎ ‎"You don't realize how much food waste you're making till you see it," said student Cody Gist.‎ To deal with this problem, Whitewater added environmental science as a school-wide program this year. Teachers are guiding their students through research on the ways food is linked to environment, poverty, and people's health.‎ The school changed to compostable (可用作堆肥的)paper trays (托盘)as well. Working with Every Tray Counts, a US nonprofit group, the school hopes for a change from disposable trays to compostable paper trays.‎ This isn't just an exercise at school. Whitewater is joining a network of schools, businesses and neighborhoods. They try to make composting as mainstream as recycling.‎ ‎"The larger issue is protection of landfill (垃圾填埋场)space," said Laurette Hall, an environmental management official. The area has enough space to last for maybe 25 more years, she said. That isn't as much as it sounds in such a rapidly growing area.‎ Principal Beth Thompson said students advise each other on new ways to deal with trash.‎ ‎"Students understand why it matters so not one student refused to do extra work when throwing away their waste," Thompson said.‎ Whitewater teachers make sure students know how their own eating habits are part of bigger problems. In environmental literature class, students read books such as Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal.‎ Mollie Lyman works with several language arts classrooms. Their classes discuss ‎ such issues as how poor neighborhoods often have less access (使用权)to healthy food.‎ Lyman says she wants students to ask some basic questions: "What do we eat? What do we waste?”‎ ‎24. Why did Whitewater Middle School students look at the food?‎ A. To prepare students for the environmental science course.‎ B. To find out the calories of different kinds of food.‎ C. To see how food was connected with other problems.‎ D. To check what foods were most popular among students.‎ ‎25. What measures did Whitewater Middle School take?‎ ‎① Introducing a new course about the environment.‎ ‎② Using compostable paper trays in the cafeteria.‎ ‎③ Setting up a group called Every Tray Counts.‎ ‎④ Joining others to make composting common.‎ A. ①②④ B. ①②③ C. ①③④ D. ②③④‎ ‎26. What did Laurette Hall worry about?‎ A. People don't want to protect landfill space.‎ B. Students don't know how to recycle trash.‎ C. There won't be enough landfill space in the future.‎ D. Students don't understand the waste problem.‎ ‎27. What is the purpose of the article?‎ A. To tell readers how important it is to save food.‎ B. To share how a US school is making an effort for the environment.‎ C. To encourage schools to have environmental protection classes.‎ D. To call on students to care about poor people.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一所美国学校为了保护环境所做出的努力：开展环境科学项目。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段内容To deal with this problem, Whitewater added environmental ‎ science as a school-wide program this year. Teachers are guiding their students through research on the ways food is linked to environment, poverty, and people's health.可知为了解决这个问题，Whitewater今年在全校范围内增加了环境科学课程。教师通过研究食物与环境、贫困和人们健康之间的联系来指导学生。由此推断Whitewater的学生研究食物是为了看食物和其它问题（比如环境，贫困，健康）之间的联系。故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的To deal with this problem, Whitewater added environmental science as a school-wide program this year.可知为了解决这个问题，Whitewater今年在全校范围内增加了环境科学课程。故①正确；根据第四段中的The school changed to compostable (可用作堆肥的)paper trays (托盘)as well.可知学校改用了可用作堆肥的纸托盘。故②正确；根据第五段中Whitewater is joining a network of schools, businesses and neighborhoods. They try to make composting as mainstream as recycling.可知Whitewater正在加入一个由学校、企业和社区组成的网络。他们试图使堆肥和回收利用一样成为主流。故④正确。综合选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段中的"The larger issue is protection of landfill (垃圾填埋场)space,"…or maybe 25 more years, she said. That isn't as much as it sounds in such a rapidly growing area.可知Laurette Hall说更大的问题是垃圾填埋场空间的保护问题，她说这个地区的（垃圾填埋场）空间可以再维持25年。在这样一个快速发展的地区，这并没有听起来那么多。这说明她很担心未来没有足够的垃圾填埋场空间。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一所美国学校为保护环境所做出的的各种措施，作者写这篇文章就是为了和读者分享这所学校为了保护环境所做出的努力。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题的做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题干和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干，标出关键词（组），带着问题去阅读，能够做到心中有数，目的明确；然后再仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握细节信息，并在标出能得出答案的有效信息。比如本文第2小题考查的就是学生查找细节的能力，考生要根据所给的四个小选项分别定位到第三段的To deal with this problem, Whitewater added environmental science as a school-wide program this year.，第四段的The school changed to compostable (可用作堆肥的)paper ‎ trays (托盘)as well.和第五段中Whitewater is joining a network of schools, businesses and neighborhoods. They try to make composting as mainstream as recycling.根据这些原文判断 ①②④是正确的。‎ C If you’ve ever visited London, it’s likely that you’ve heard the loud chimes（鸣响）of Big Ben, the 157-year-old clock bell of the UK’s Houses of Parliament（议会）.‎ But on Aug 21, the world’s most famous bell fell silent. This is because the Palace of Westminster’s Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben, needs to be repaired. The workers who’ll carry out the repairs don’t want their ears to be damaged by the sounds of the huge bell, reported BBC News. Big Ben won’t ring again regularly until 2021.‎ There’s been quite an emotional response to the move. Several members of parliament gathered in front of the Houses of Parliament to hear the bell’s last regular chime for four years. A few even shed tears, as if they were attending a friend’s funeral.‎ But a number of politicians are angry about the lengthy silencing of Big Ben, calling it a symbol of Britain, according to ABC News. And some members of public agree with it. “It’s our heritage,” David Dummigan, from Cumbria in the north of England, told The New York Times. “People come from all over the world to look at it and listen to it. It’s part of British history.” This kind of emotional reaction could be linked to “fears about Britain losing its voice and place in the world, which is part of the threat that comes from Brexit”, according to CNN. “The reality of losing a place at the top table is being made obvious,” it wrote.‎ Worries aside, fans of Big Ben will still be able to hear its unique chimes during special occasions such as New Year’s Eve. But if we do miss hearing Big Ben on a regular basis, we could always set its sound as our message tone.‎ ‎28. Why did Big Ben fall silent?‎ A. To get Big Ben repaired.‎ B. To create a quiet environment for residents.‎ C. To protect the workers’ ears.‎ D. To remove some politicians’ anger about it.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A. Big Ben needs to be repaired.‎ B. Big Ben is a symbol of Britain.‎ C. The UK is losing its voice in the world.‎ D. Big Ben should ring on special occasions.‎ ‎30. Why did Britons react emotionally?‎ A. Fears about Big Ben falling silent forever.‎ B. Threat coming from the rise of other countries.‎ C. Worries about not being able to visit Big Ben anymore.‎ D. Worries about the UK losing its influence on the world.‎ ‎31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Britons React Emotionally to Big Ben’s Silence.‎ B. Britons are Worried about the Fall of the UK.‎ C. Britain is Losing its Place at the Top Table.‎ D. Big Ben Falls Silent for Four Years.‎ ‎【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。如果你去过伦敦，你很可能听到过大本钟的巨大钟声。大本钟是英国议会大厦的大钟，已有157年的历史。但在8月21日，世界上最著名的钟沉默了。这是因为大本钟所在的威斯敏斯特伊丽莎白塔宫殿需要维修。据英国广播公司报道，将进行维修的工人们不希望他们的耳朵被巨大的钟声损坏。直到2021年，大本钟才会再次定期敲响。这一举动引起了公众的很大反应。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is because the Palace of Westminster's Elizabeth Tower, which houses Big Ben, needs to be repaired. The workers who'll carry out the repairs don't want their ears to be damaged by the sounds of the huge bell,可知，大本钟沉默是为了保护维修威斯敏斯特伊丽莎白塔宫殿的工人们的耳朵不被巨大的钟声损坏。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句前一句But a number of politicians are angry about the lengthy silencing of Big Ben, calling it a symbol of Britain,（但是一些政界人士对大本钟的长时间沉寂感到愤怒，称它是英国的象征）可知，一些公众也同意它（它是英国的象征）。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的This kind of emotional reaction could be linked to “fears about Britain losing its voice and place in the world, which is part of the threat that comes from Brexit”, according to CNN.可知，这种情绪反应可能与对英国失去发言权和世界地位的担忧有关。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了英国人对大本钟的沉默的强烈反应。故A选项正确。‎ D Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been grabbing global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will aggravate climate change crisis and threaten biodiversity (生物多样性).‎ As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called "the lungs of the world". It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people. The vast rainforest plays an important role in the world's ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, mitigating the effects of climate change.‎ ‎"Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity," Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. "The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere," he stressed. "In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon mu:st be protected/5 U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.‎ Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number ‎ of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. "We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months," Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.‎ Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has transcended (超出)Brazil's borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.‎ ‎32. Which of the following best explains "mitigating” underlined in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Worsening. B. Causing. C. Easing. D. Benefiting.‎ ‎33. What can we learn from Thomas's and Antonio's words?‎ A. The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.‎ B. The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.‎ C. The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.‎ D. The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.‎ ‎34. Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4?‎ A. To present the reduction of rainforest areas.‎ B. To show the influence of forest fires.‎ C. To explain the process of the research.‎ D. To prove the importance of rainforest.‎ ‎35. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?‎ A. Sports and music. B. Science and technology.‎ C. .Business and culture. D. Nature and geography.‎ ‎【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。火灾席卷亚马逊地区，科学家和环保组织担心这会加剧气候变化危机,威胁生物多样性。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线部分的前文They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released可知热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的碳被释放。更少的碳被释放会减轻气候变化的影响，故猜测划线词的影响是“减轻”，故选C项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段Thomas的话“"Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity," "The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere,"可知Thomas说任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和利用生物多样性的人们的威胁。并强调最严重的威胁是大量的碳排放到大气中。根据Antonio的话“In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected/可知Antonio说在全球气候危机的背景下，我们无法承受对氧气和生物多样性这一主要来源的更多破坏，亚马逊森林必须被保护。根据两人的话可知亚马逊森林对于保护生物多样性和应对气候变化方面发挥着重要的作用，由此推知亚马逊森林大火会造成严重的后果。故选B项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) … Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,可知今年1月至8月，巴西森林火灾的数量与去年同期相比迅速增加了82%。INPE表示，2019年前8个月，全国登记在案的森林火灾共有71497起，高于2018年同期的39194起。与过去12个月相比，巴西亚马逊地区的森林面积减少了20%到30%。第四段的这些数字很直白了显示了亚马逊森林火灾越来越多，亚马逊地区的森林面积不断减少，作者列出这些数字就是展示亚马逊森林的减少，故选A项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知亚马逊热带雨林地区的火灾增多，科学家和环保组织担心这会加剧气候变化危机,威胁生物多样性。与亚马逊地区，气候变化，生物多样性等有关，那么这篇文章最后可能来自于“自然与地理”板块。故选D项。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。‎ On March 17 the color green will spread all around the world in celebration of ‎ St Patrick's Day. The Irish (爱尔兰人)traditionally wear something green on this day, as the color is associated with Ireland. ___36___‎ Usually these jokes will be about Irish stupidity, their famous thirst for alcohol, or their fame for telling tall (untrue) tales. These characteristics are all based on the most common Irish stereotypes (成见):that the Irish are hot-tempered drinkers who love to fight and will do anything to avoid a day's work.‎ ‎___37___ These stereotypes may have rung true back in the 19th century when they started, but they're far from true today, with the exception, perhaps, of the drinking.‎ Today, the Irish are admired for their storytelling ability, musical talent and strong education. ___38___ Or that many of the most famous music acts of all time, such as singer Enya and rock band U2, were Irish bom and bred. And in December, Ireland's education system was ranked 11th in the world in a new global top 50 ranking, website independent.ie reported.‎ ‎___39___ They can date back to the 19th century, which was a very bad time to be Irish. At that time, Ireland was poverty-stricken and starving. Many Irish moved to the US to escape famine, but there they had to compete ——occasionally with their fists ——for jobs and housing with other immigrant groups. It was on the US，streets that the Irish earned their reputation for street fighting.‎ ‎___40___ Drinking in Ireland is a predilection (偏好)，but it's not necessarily something to criticize It was the Irish after all who created one of the world's best-loved beers Guinness. ‎ A. The real joke, however, is that these negative Irish stereotypes still exist.‎ B. Today, few Irish are interested in this tradition.‎ C. Ifs no accident that several of the greatest writers of the 20th century were Irish D. Another St Patrick's Day tradition is for the non-Irish to make jokes about the Irish.‎ E. Why do Irish people love to drink so much?‎ F. So where did the negative Irish stereotypes come from?‎ G. However, one bit of the Irish stereotype is still true, their love of drink.‎ ‎【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. F 40. G ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一些关于爱尔兰人的负面的刻板印象，并解释了这些刻板印象的来源。这些刻板印象在19世纪刚开始的时候可能听起来是正确的，但在今天却不是对的，也许除了喝酒这一点。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 根据前文The Irish traditionally wear something green on this day, as the color is associated with Ireland.可知传统上，爱尔兰人在这一天穿着绿色的东西 ,因为这个颜色与爱尔兰相关联。根据后文Usually these jokes will be about Irish stupidity, their famous thirst for alcohol, or their fame for telling tall (untrue) tales.可知通常这些笑话都是关于爱尔兰人的愚蠢，他们出名的对酒精的渴望，或者他们以讲假话而出名。承上启下，D项（圣帕特里克节的另一个传统是让非爱尔兰人拿爱尔兰人开玩笑。）切题。D项中的make jokes about the Irish与后文的关于爱尔兰人的笑话相呼应。故选D项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 根据前文These characteristics are all based on the most common Irish stereotypes (成见):that the Irish are hot-tempered drinkers who love to fight and will do anything to avoid a day's work.可知这些玩笑都是基于最常见的对爱尔兰的成见爱尔兰是暴躁的饮酒者,他们喜欢战斗,将尽一切可能避免一天的工作。根据后文These stereotypes may have rung true back in the 19th century when they started, but they're far from true today, with the exception, perhaps, of the drinking.可知这些刻板印象在19世纪刚开始的时候可能听起来是正确的，但在今天却远非如此，也许除了喝酒。承上启下，A项（然而，真正的笑话是这些关于爱尔兰的负面的刻板印象仍然存在。）切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 根据前文Today, the Irish are admired for their storytelling ability, musical talent and strong education.可知今天，爱尔兰人因他们讲故事的能力、音乐天赋和良好的教育而受到赞赏。根据后文Or that many of the most famous music acts of all time, such as singer Enya and rock band U2, were Irish bom and bred.可知历史上许多最著名的音乐表演者，如歌手恩雅和摇滚乐队U2，都是由出生在爱尔兰并由爱尔兰人培养的。承上启下，C项（20世纪几位最伟大的作家都是爱尔兰人，这并非偶然）切题，C项与后文一样都是关于爱尔兰人的成就的。故选C项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 根据后文可知这一段讲述是19世纪对于爱尔兰人来说是一个糟糕的年代，那时，爱尔兰正处于贫困和饥饿之中。许多爱尔兰人搬到美国是为了躲避饥荒，但在那里，他们不得不与其他移民群体争夺工作和住房，有时还得用拳头。爱尔兰人正是在美国的街道上赢得了街斗打架的名声。也就是这一段介绍了关于爱尔兰人刻板印象的来源，F项（那么，消极的爱尔兰刻板印象从何而来?）放在这里能够总结全段，故选F项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 根据后文Drinking in Ireland is a predilection (偏好)，but it's not necessarily something to criticize. It was the Irish after all who created one of the world's best-loved beers Guinness.可知饮酒在爱尔兰是一个偏好,但这不是要批评的点。毕竟是爱尔兰人创造了世界上最受欢迎的啤酒吉尼斯。连接下文，G项（然而，有一点关于爱尔兰人的刻板印象是真的，那就是他们对酒的热爱。）切题。故选G项。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 完形填空 供20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。‎ A couple of months ago, I made a promise to myself I had put some money in an envelope in my ___41___with the intention of giving this envelope ___42___ to the first person I came across who ___43___ it.‎ Months passed, and___44___ my daily life got busy, I was unable to keep my ___45___. Whenever I opened my wallet and saw the ___46___,I was reminded of my ___47___ for it，and I would feel a little ___48___for having not acted upon it.‎ The voice within told me to do ___49___ .‎ Today, while walking to work on a busy street, I passed a ___50___ elderly lady with her hand out on the sidewalk. Seeing her wrinkled face and sightless eyes, I stopped ___51___ . A wave of sympathy washed over me, and I ___52___the envelope of money that had been lying in my wallet all these months.‎ I ___53___ the money from the envelope and bent down to her level. ___54___ I took her hand, pressed the dollar bills into it, and closed her fingers over the notes so that she could ___55___ the money and understand my gesture.‎ After I got up, I slowly moved away. I felt like I had ___56___ something. I had kept my ___57___to myself. The lady slightly nodded her head. I felt ___58___ and moved on.‎ Afterwards, I thought about why such a ___59___ act had taken so long. This small act was a huge step toward facing and walking through my own fears around ___60___ What a blessing it is to complete these generous little gestures!‎ ‎41. A. coat B. pocket C. wallet D. handbag ‎42. A. away B. out C. up D. back ‎43. A. used B. deserved C. earned D. found ‎44. A. until B. though C. as D. if ‎45. A. belief B. attention C. principle D. promise ‎46. A. sign B. note C. photo D. envelope ‎47. A. intention B. respect C. design D. longing ‎48. A. surprised B. satisfied C. disappointed D. angry ‎49. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎50. A. blind B. deaf C. tired D. weak ‎51. A. calmly B. gradually C. unhappily D. immediately ‎52. A. forgot B. remembered C. ignored D. discovered ‎53. A. threw away B. added up C. took out D. counted out ‎54. A. Proudly B. Gently C. Nervously D. Quickly ‎55. A. feel B. accept C. see D. keep ‎56. A. explored B. achieved C. missed D. noticed ‎57. A. idea B. message C. word D. experience ‎58. A. blessed B. awkward C. worried D. hopeful ‎59. A. brave B. practical C. common D. simple ‎60. A. doing B. taking C. communicating D. giving ‎【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。作者对自己做了一个承诺，把一些钱放在钱包里的一个信封里，打算把这个信封送给遇到的第一个应该得到它的人。但因为生活变得繁忙，一直没做出行动。有一天，作者遇见了一位盲人老奶奶，就把这个信封里的钱送给了她。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，我对自己做了一个承诺，我把一些钱放在钱包里的一个信封里，打算把这个信封送给我遇到的第一个应该得到它的人。A. coat外套；B. pocket口袋；C. wallet钱包；D. handbag手袋。根据后文and I ___12___the envelope of money that had been lying in my wallet all these months.可知作者一直把这些钱放在钱包里的一个信封里，故选C项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个月前，我对自己做了一个承诺，我把一些钱放在钱包里的一个信封里，打算把这个信封送给我遇到的第一个应该得到它的人。 A. away离开，远离; B. out出局;在外，在外部;C. up .向上；起来； D. back以前;向后地。根据后文内容可知作者把钱给了一位老奶奶，所以这里作者是决定把这个装有钱的信封送给别人，give away为固定搭配，意为“赠送，分发”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，我对自己做了一个承诺，我把一些钱放在钱包里的一个信封里，打算把这个信封送给我遇到的第一个应该得到它的人。A. used使用；B. deserved应受；值得；C. earned赚得；获得；D. found发现。结合语境，此处作者是想把钱给应该得到这笔钱的人，故选B项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。 句意：几个月过去了，因为我的日常生活变得忙碌起来，我无法遵守自己的诺言。A. until知道……; B. though尽管；C. as当……时；因为；D. if如果。根据后文, I was unable to keep my ___5___‎ ‎.可知无法遵守自己的诺言，这是因为他的日常生活变得繁忙了，故选C项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月过去了，因为我的日常生活变得忙碌起来，我无法遵守自己的诺言。A. belief相信，信赖；信仰；B. attention注意；注意力；C. principle原则；D. promise承诺。根据前文A couple of months ago, I made a promise to myself可知作者对自己做出了一个承诺，此处作者因为生活繁忙，没法遵守自己的承诺。故选D项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我打开钱包，看到这个信封，我就会想起（放）这个信封的目的，并且会因为还没有采取行动感到有点失望。A. sign标志；符号；B. note笔记；注解；C. photo照片；D. envelope信封。根据前文I had put some money in an envelope可知作者在钱包里放了个信封，所以每次作者打开钱包都会看到这个信封，故选D项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我打开钱包，看到这个信封，我就会想起（放）这个信封的目的，并且会因为还没有采取行动感到有点失望。 A. intention目的；意图；B. respect尊重；C. design设计；D. longing渴望，热望；憧憬。信封使作者想起来自己在钱包放着信封的目的，故选A项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我打开钱包，看到这个信封，我就会想起（放）这个信封的目的，并且会因为还没有采取行动感到有点失望。A. surprised惊讶的；B. satisfied满意的；C. disappointed失望的；D. angry生气的。对于自己一直没有把这个信封送出去这件事，作者应该是失望的，故选C项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查代词词义辨析。句意：内心的声音告诉我要去做些什么。A. anything任何东西；B. something某物，某事;C. nothing无事；无物D. everything一切；所有事物。根据后文 I felt like I had ___16___ something.可知作者把钱送给了老奶奶之后感觉自己完成了一些事，说明此处作者内心的声音告诉她/他要做些什么。故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，我走在一条繁忙的街道上去上班，路过一位伸出手的盲人老太太。A. blind失明的;盲目的；B. deaf失聪的；C. tired疲惫的；D. weak虚弱的。根据后文sightless eyes,可知老奶奶的眼睛是看不见东西的，故选A项。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到她布满皱纹的脸和失明的眼睛，我立刻停了下来。A. calmly冷静地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. unhappily不高兴地；D. immediately立刻。结合语境，可知看到这位老奶奶布满皱纹的脸和失明的眼睛，作者应该是立刻就停了下来。故选D项。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵同情的浪潮涌上心头，我想起了这几个月来一直放在我钱包里的那只装钱的信封。A. forgot忘记；B. remembered想起；C. ignored忽略；D. discovered发现。根据后文I ___13___ the money from the envelope and bent down to her level.可知作者拿出那个信封把信封给了老奶奶，所以此处作者想起了那个信封。故选B项。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查词组辨析。句意：我把钱从信封里拿出来，弯下腰去和她平齐身子。A. threw away扔掉;浪费；B. added up加起来；总计；C. took out拿出；D. counted out逐一数出，大声数;不把……考虑在内。此处作者是把钱从信封里拿出来给老奶奶，故选C项。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我轻轻地握住她的手，把钞票塞进去，然后把她的手指放在钞票上，好让她能摸到钱并明白我的动作。A. Proudly骄傲地；自豪地；B. Gently轻轻地；温柔地；C. Nervously紧张地；D. Quickly快速地。根据文章内容尤其是A wave of sympathy washed over me,可知作者是一个富有同情心的人，因此面对这位盲人老太太作者的动作应该是轻柔的。故选B项。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我轻轻地握住她的手，把钞票塞进去，然后把她的手指放在钞票上，好让她能摸到钱并明白我的动作。；A. feel感觉；触摸；B. accept接受；C. see看；D. keep保持。结合老奶奶是个盲人这件事，作者把老奶奶的手指覆盖在钱上就是为了让老奶奶摸到这个钱。故选A项。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉我有所收获。A. explored探索；B. achieved取得；实现；C. missed错过，想念；D. noticed察觉到。作者终于把钱送给了需要的人，做了一些又意义的事，有所成就。achieve something“有所收获；有所成就”符合句意。故选B项。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遵守了自己的诺言。A. idea想法；主意；B.‎ ‎ message信息；C. word单词，话语；D. experience经历，经验。此处作者将信封送给了值得的人，遵守了自己的承诺。keep one’s words为固定搭配意为“遵守诺言”符合句意，故选C项。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很幸福，并继续前进。A. blessed幸福的；受祝福的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. worried担心的； D. hopeful充满希望的。根据文章最后一句What a blessing it is to complete these generous little gestures!可知作者认为完成这些慷慨的小动作是非常兴奋的!所以此处作者感到很幸福。故选A项。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后，我在想为什这么简单一个行动要花这么长时间。A. brave勇敢的；B. practical实用的；C. common常见的；共同的；D. simple简单的。根据后文This small act可知作者觉得这个行为很简单的，微不足道的，故选D项。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小小的举动是我面对和克服自己对给予的恐惧的一大步。A. doing做；B. taking .拿；取；执行；C. communicating沟通；D. giving给予，赠送。根据前文giving this envelope ___2___ to the first person I came across who ___3___ it.可知作者要将装钱的信封给第一个遇见的值得的人，这种行为是一种给予。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空着重考查对文章的整体理解和词汇意义，包括惯用法。多数题要求考生以语篇为线索，对文章进行通篇理解，正确把握上下文语境的逻辑关系。在解题的时候，我们一定要根据前后词语的相互关系，联系上下文来选出正确选项。如第1小题，根据下文根据后文and I ___12___the envelope of money that had been lying in my wallet all these months.可知作者一直把这个信封放在钱包里，这里要选C项（wallet）。再比如第10小题，根据后文sightless eyes,可知老奶奶的眼睛是看不见东西的，故选A项（blind）。‎ 第二节 语法填空共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Teaching robots to do the simplest things ___61___ (be) both difficult and time-consuming.‎ But ___62___ computer science team at the University of Maryland at College Park is working to help robots perform better by using experience from ___63___ (they) past actions.‎ For instance, they say smart phones will be able___64___ (analyze) the situation.‎ ‎ If you're trying to figure___65___ your location, you can take a picture of your ___66___ (surrounding) and the equipment will tell you where you are.‎ Another dramatic change is robots' eyes. Scientists say, they are not just playing cameras any more, but also dynamic vision sensors ___67___ respond to movement and light. The mechanism behind it works ___68___ (similar) to those of human eye sending non-stop signals to the robotic brain that gets recorded and stored, ___69___ (form) the equivalent of live experience. And scientists say that brings robots a lot ___70___ (close) to humans.‎ ‎【答案】61. is 62. a ‎ ‎63. their 64. to analyze ‎ ‎65. out 66. surroundings ‎ ‎67. that/which ‎ ‎68. similarly ‎ ‎69. forming ‎ ‎70. closer ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。科学家教机器人利用经验来变得更好。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。主语Teaching robots to do the simplest things是动名词短语，表示单数意义，谓语动词也要用单数。全文为一般现在时，此处也要用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查不定冠词。team是可数的，根据句意，此处泛指“一个计算机科学队伍”，所以空格处要填一个不定冠词。computer为读音以辅音音素开头，要用不定冠词a。故填a。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查形容词性的物主代词。句意：不过，有一个来自马里兰大学帕克分校的计算机科学团队正在通过（教机器人）运用它们过去的行为得来的经验来帮助机器人表现得更好。根据句意，此处表达的是“它们的”过去行为，故填their。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查不定式。短语be able to ‎ do为固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，所以空格处要填不定式，故填to analyze。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：如果你想弄明白你的位置，你可以拍一张你周围环境的照片，这个设备会告诉你你在哪里。根据语境，此处表达的是想“弄明白”自己的位置，figure out为固定搭配意为“计算出，弄明白”符合句意，故填out。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：如果你想弄明白你的位置，你可以拍一张你周围环境的照片，这个设备会告诉你你在哪里。空格处由your修饰应该填一个名词，所给词surrounding的名词为surroundings,意为“周围环境”，符合句意，故填surroundings。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查限定性定语从句。分析可知空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词dynamic vision sensors指物，空格处在从句中做主语，应该用that或者which引导这个定语从句，故填that或which。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查副词。空格处修饰动词work要用副词，故填similarly。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查现在分词作状语。句意：其背后的机制和人眼的机制类似，向机器人大脑发送不间断的信号，（机器人大脑）记录和存储信息，形成相当于现场体验的体验。分析可知本句的谓语动词是works, form在句中做结果状语，form与其逻辑主语“向机器人大脑发送不间断的信号，（机器人大脑）记录和存储信息”这件事之间是主动关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填forming。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查形容词的比较级。句意：这种功能的实现让机器人离人类更近了。根据语境，此时是表达机器人跟人类更近了。要用所给形容词的比较级，故填closer。‎ ‎【点睛】选择引导定语从句的关系词要考虑以下几点：‎ ‎(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。‎ ‎(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why等关系副词。‎ ‎(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。‎ 比如本7小题。在分析空格处引导限定性定语从句后，发现缺一个关系词引导这个定语从句。找出先行词dynamic vision sensors，先行词指物，空格处也就是关系词在从句中做主语，应该用that或者which引导这个定语从句，故填that或which。‎ 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Yesterday, I got a invitation letter from my friend Lucy, who asked myself to spend the weekend in her new home. I was really exciting to hear that, because of she is, my best friend. Though we went to different middle school last year, we still keep in touch each other now. I am indeed looking forward to see her this weekend. After all, it had been six months since our last meeting. I miss the days when we were together but shared our secrets. We can soon meet again, that is the best news for me this week.‎ ‎【答案】a →an myself →me exciting →excited 去掉because of中的of school →schools touch 后加with see →seeing had →has but →and that →which ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者昨天收到好朋友的邀请信，去朋友的新家度周末，作者表达了和好朋友之间的深厚友谊，并且非常期待这次会面。‎ ‎【详解】1. 考查冠词。Invitation是以元音音素开头的，应用an来修饰，故将a改为an。‎ ‎2. 考查代词。Ask sb to do sth，让某人去做某事，sb作为ask的宾语，应该用宾格形式，故将myself改为me。‎ ‎3. 考查形容词。Exciting为令人感到激动的，一般说事物，而excited一般说人感到激动的，本句为人感到激动，故将exciting改为excited。‎ ‎4. 考查连词。Because和because of 都表示因为，because后面接的是句子，because of 后面接名词，代词和动名词结构，she is my best friend为句子，故去掉because of中的of。‎ ‎5. 考查名词。句意：尽管我们去年去的是不同的中学，但现在我们仍然保持联系。根据句意，我们去的不同的学校，school为可数名词，应用复数形式，故将school改为schools。‎ ‎6. 考查固定搭配。句意：尽管我们去年去的是不同的中学，但现在我们仍然保持联系。保持联系，固定短语keep in touch with…，故touch 后加with。‎ ‎7. 考查非谓语动词。Look forward to中的to为介词，后应接名词，代词和动名词结构，故将see改为seeing。‎ ‎8. 考查时态。句意：毕竟，我们上次见面已经有六个月了。根据时间状语since last meeting，可知本句，应用现在完成时，故将had改为has。‎ ‎9. 考查连词。句意：我怀念我们在一起并且分享秘密的日子。根据句意，前后两句构成的是并列关系，故将but改为and。‎ ‎10. 考查非限制性定语从句的连接词。that is the best news for me this week为非限制性定语从句，对前半句进行补充说明，非限制定语从句连接词不能用that，故将that改为which。‎ ‎【点睛】关于代词that和which的用法区别：‎ 在定语从句中，当先行词是指物时,关系代词which可以由that代替，如果which不在介词之后，也可省略。‎ 但两者之间还有一定的区别，需要注意以下情况：‎ ‎1.that仅用在限制性定语从句中,通常不用逗号隔开,作宾语或介词宾语时，that 可以省去；‎ ‎2.which既可用在限制性定语从句中，作宾语或介词宾语时，which可以省去，也可用在非限制性定语从句中；‎ ‎3.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去；‎ ‎4.当先行词被形容词的最高级形式所修饰时,要用that, 不用which，作宾语时可以省去；‎ ‎5.当先行词被序数词或the very，the only，the last修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去；‎ ‎6.当先行词被the same修饰时，用that表示同一件物品，用as表示相类似的一件物品，不能用which。‎ ‎7.当先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that，不能用which；‎ ‎8.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是，只能用that，也可以省去，不能用which；‎ ‎9.为避免与which重复使用时，要用that； ‎ ‎10.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which； ‎ ‎11.which还可以用作关系限定词，后跟名词，that则不能这样用；‎ ‎12.引导非限制性定词从句时，一般要用which，不用that。‎ 小题10就是引导非限制性定语从句时，不用that，一般用which。‎ 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎72.假定你是李华，某英文杂志正在举行主题为“未来的学习模式”的征文活动，请你用英语 写一篇短文参赛。内容主要包括:‎ ‎1.课程选择模式——网络课程；因人而异；自由选择等。‎ ‎2.课堂模式——虚拟学校；虚拟教室等。‎ ‎3.作业模式——个性化。‎ 参考词汇:virtual虚拟的 virtual- reality school虚拟现实的学校 individual个性化的 注意:1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3.开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ It will be really amazing to enjoy studying in the future.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】It will be really amazing to enjoy studying in the future. Firstly, students ‎ will be able to choose subjects offered by some educational institutions on the Internet according to their levels, interests and needs. Then they will just stay at home and study in a virtual-reality school. When they put on their 3-D glasses, they will feel as though they are actually in a classroom interacting with a virtual teacher and virtual classmates. After class, students will get their individual and specific homework sent to them by the teacher after it's finished.‎ On the whole, the Internet will totally change our way of learning.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英语短文，参加某英文杂志正在举行主题为“未来学习模式”的征文活动 ‎。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构：总分法 ‎   总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。‎ 要求：1.课程选择模式——网络课程；因人而异；自由选择等。‎ ‎2.课堂模式——虚拟学校；虚拟教室等。‎ ‎3.作业模式——个性化。‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ in the future; choose; on the Internet; according to; virtual-reality school; 3-D glasses; virtual; individual and specific homework; change the way of learning.‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. It will be really amazing to enjoy studying in the future.‎ ‎2. Students will be able to choose subjects offered by some educational institutions on the Internet according to their levels, interests and needs.‎ ‎3. They will just stay at home and study in a virtual-reality school. 4. I’d like to know some derails about this dance party.‎ ‎5. When they put on their 3-D glasses, they will feel as though they are actually ‎ in a classroom interacting with a virtual teacher and virtual classmates.‎ ‎6. After class, students will get their individual and specific homework sent to them by the teacher after it's finished.‎ ‎7. On the whole, the Internet will totally change our way of learning.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。此外文中还有一些亮点，如：students will be able to choose subjects offered by some educational institutions on the Internet这句话使用了过去分词做后置定语；they will feel as though they are actually in a classroom interacting with a virtual teacher and virtual classmates.使用了现在分词做伴随状语。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，使用了一些衔接词使上下句转换自然。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎