【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文类型10篇训练之四（19页word版答案含有解析）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文类型10篇训练之四（19页word版答案含有解析）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文类型10篇训练之四 ‎[一]‎ ‎“Anything you want, anytime you need it.”‎ ‎ The message appeared on computer screens across the country at the same time, on the same day: December 12th, at 12 p.m.. Simultaneously, important looking envelopes containing cards with the same message were hand-delivered to the offices of all the major news companies.‎ ‎ One found its way to the desk of Chris Lin, a business reporter at The Post. The card was beautifully designed – a black background with the words printed out in crisp white letters. There was no explanation on the back, just a website address. Chris went to the website. Its style was identical to the card’s and said: “Anytime: Starting Tomorrow.” ‎ ‎ The next day websites and blogs were filled with articles theorising about Anytime. Was it a shopping website like Tao Bao or Amazon? A joke? Something illegal? Anytime’s marketing had worked – it was a household name before it’d even made a single sale. ‎ ‎ When the opening came, that day at noon, the Anytime website suddenly had a single field that read, “What do you want?” All you had to do was type the words into that box, and then specify how quickly you wanted your item delivered: within one, ten, or twenty-four hours. ‎ ‎ Bloggers were the first to test the service. And their reviews were glowing. Within weeks, Anytime had become a part of daily life. Nobody used other delivery sites or the post anymore as Anytime was much cheaper and faster.‎ ‎ Chris still wondered what exactly Anytime was. He tried to find out who owned the company, but it was registered in a small country that did not require such information to be made public. He did find some interesting facts, though. Anyone who challenged the company, it seemed, met with serious trouble. A government official critical of Anytime for avoiding tax was forced to leave his position after news stories suddenly appeared claiming he was dishonest. The head of another company taking Anytime to court died in a car accident just days before the case was to begin. ‎ ‎ Chris began making a list of all the people who had something terrible happen to them after opposing or criticising Anytime. By lunch, he had more than one hundred examples. Something was definitely wrong. Chris worked on his list the rest of the day, emailing people who could provide more information and looking through newspaper records. After working through the night, an exhausted Chris finally fell asleep at his desk at 4 a.m.. ‎ ‎ When he woke a few hours later, there was a message flashing on his computer screen: “Stop making trouble.” Chris smiled. He had no intention of stopping now that he knew he was on the right track.‎ ‎28. What was on the front of the card sent to Chris Lin?‎ A. An invitation to a company opening.‎ B. The website address of a new company.‎ C. The words “Anytime: Starting tomorrow”.‎ D. The words “Anything you want, anytime you need it”.‎ ‎29. Why did the company choose to send the cards to many news reporters?‎ A. Because it didn’t have enough money for traditional advertising. ‎ B. Because it wanted to attract the reporters as customers.‎ C. So the reporters would write stories about the new company.‎ D. So people would find the new company interesting.‎ ‎30. What did Chris’ s research suggest about Anytime?‎ ‎ A. It may be very dangerous.‎ ‎ B. Its popularity would soon decrease. ‎ C. It was doing business all over the world. ‎ ‎ D. It was being widely criticised by journalists. ‎ ‎31. How did Chris feel at the end of the story?‎ A. Scared that he would get into trouble.‎ B. Confident that he would find the truth.‎ C. Nervous about what the company would do.‎ D. Satisfied that he had discovered the company’s secret.‎ 答案：28. D 29. C 30. A31. B ‎[二]‎ Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant ‎ that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”‎ ‎“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep？”‎ ‎“Oh，sure.”‎ ‎“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you？”‎ ‎“Nobody.I do it.”‎ ‎“Really—at night，when you’re asleep？”‎ ‎“Sure.”‎ ‎“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作为一名老师，作者让学生拼装玩具以更多地了解他们，从中发现并激发他们的创造力。‎ ‎25．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .‎ A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students’ interest in art D．teach the students about toy design 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“...I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.”可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是为了更多地了解自己的学生。故选A。‎ ‎26．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A．He liked to help his teacher.‎ B．He preferred to study alone.‎ C．He was active in class.‎ D．He was imaginative.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.”可知，他是一个很有创造力的人。‎ ‎27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Mistake. B．Drawback.‎ C．Difficulty. D．Burden.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。上文提到作者很喜欢这个学生，认为他的创造力能够感染其他学生，而画线词所在句后说“我冒着失去那些有不同思考风格的学生的风险”，根据语意前后的对比可判断出画线词所在句指的是：激励的教育方式也有缺点。drawback缺点，符合语境。‎ ‎28．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?‎ A．To help them to see their creativity.‎ B．To find out about their sleeping habits.‎ C．To help them to improve their memory.‎ D．To find out about their ways of thinking.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后的对话内容可知，作者让孩子们谈论他们那些富有想象力的梦，是为了帮助他们看到自己的创造力。‎ ‎[三]‎ I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012，I’ve done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.‎ I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the checkin desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said：“Well，I’m really sorry，I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed ‎ for a patient—please，please，you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.‎ For this courier job，you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者Peter Hodes是一名干细胞递送志愿者。他在文中讲述了遭遇飓风之后的一次非同寻常的递送经历。‎ ‎29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．provider B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由下文及作者在机场的经历可知，他是一名志愿者，从事干细胞递送的工作。所以答案为B。‎ ‎30．Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?‎ A．He cannot stay away from his job too long.‎ B．The donor can only wait for that long.‎ C．The operation needs that much time.‎ D．The ice won’t last any longer.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“...because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.”一句可知，用于冷藏干细胞的两个冰块只能维持42小时，因此必须在这个时间内将干细胞送达。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎31．Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?‎ A．To London. B．To Newark.‎ C．To Providence. D．To Washington.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由第二段可知，由于没有飞往华盛顿的航班，航空公司为作者安排了一架小型飞机。根据该段最后一句“...rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.”可知，她先安排作者去了Newark，再转到了英国。‎ 故选B。‎ ‎[四]‎ As a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com,83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when you’re raising children.”‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。介绍了父母为了帮助孩子照顾其子女而搬至离他们很近的地方或与他们住在一起这一现象。‎ ‎25．Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties.‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her to make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“...regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship...”一句可知，Garza一家子孙三代住在一起，使他们的关系更亲密了，也就是加强了他们家人之间的关系。因此答案为A。‎ ‎26．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.”不难看出，多数人认为这是一种趋势。‎ ‎27．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of themselves.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They had little respect for their grandparents.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第三段首句可知，人们急切地想要“远走高飞”来证明自己能独立行事。因此C为正确答案。‎ ‎28．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?‎ A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.‎ B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.‎ C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.‎ D．Get to know themselves better.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。本段首句即为中心句。由接下来的解释可知，祖父母不可盲从，要视自己的利益做出相应的选择。故答案为A。‎ ‎[五]‎ Papa，as a son of a dirtpoor farmer，left school early and went to work in a factory，for ‎ education was for the rich then. So，the world became his school. With great interest，he read everything he could lay his hands on，listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There’s so much to learn，” he’d say. “Though we’re born stupid，only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝) an education.‎ Thus，Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though，as children，we thought this was crazy，it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day；no matter how insignificant，it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment，always to the point.‎ Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.‎ Papa，at the head of the table，would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine，ready to listen.‎ ‎“Felice，” he’d say，“tell me what you learned today.”‎ ‎“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”‎ Silence.‎ Papa was thinking about what was said，as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm. Well...” he’d say. “Get the map；let’s see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.‎ This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.‎ As children，we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family，however，was growing together，sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education. And by looking at us，listening to us，respecting our input，affirming(肯定) our value，giving us a sense of dignity，Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.‎ Later during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted，though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了家境贫寒的父亲人穷志不穷，一生都在努力学习的故事，以及父亲对自己的子女在教育方面的影响，这让作者受用一生。‎ ‎60.What do we know from the first paragraph?‎ A. The author’s father was born in a worker’s family.‎ B. Those born stupid could not change their life.‎ C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.‎ D. The poor could hardly afford school education.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“...for education was for the rich then.”可知当时的穷人上不起学。‎ ‎61.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ”.‎ A.one new thing B.a request C. the news D.some comment 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据上文中的“We would talk about the news of the day；no matter how insignificant，it was never taken lightly.”可以看出，it指的是the news。‎ ‎62.It can be learned from the passage that the author .‎ A. enjoyed talking about news B. knew very well about Nepal C. felt regret about those wasted days D. appreciated his father’s educational technique 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述，在父亲的坚持下，我们的家庭凝聚力更强了。通过分享，肯定我们自己的价值，给我们尊严感，父亲无疑是我们最有影响力的老师，可以看出作者十分欣赏父亲的教育方式。‎ ‎63.What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?‎ A.Continual learning.‎ B.Showing talents.‎ C.Family gettogether.‎ D.Winning Papa’s approval.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“the value of continual learning”可知，对作者来说，儿时长期坚持的晚餐时间的交流实际上是一种持续不断的学习，而这正是“dinner time”的价值所在。‎ ‎64.The author’s father can be best described as .‎ A.an educator expert at training future teachers B.a parent insistent on his children’s education C.a participant willing to share his knowledge D.a teacher strict about everything his students did 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。纵观全文，尽管父亲出身贫寒，没有接受过学校教育，但父亲坚持让孩子接受教育，故选B项。‎ ‎[六]‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎“Hey，aren’t you from Mississippi？” the elegant，whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”‎ Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).‎ ‎“My friend said，‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said，‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with ‎ this explanation.‎ ‎“I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”‎ Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out. Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Eudora Welty在纽约请朋友吃饭时发生的有趣的故事。‎ ‎25.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A.Two strangers joined her.‎ B.Her childhood friends came in.‎ C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D.Some people held a party there.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.”可知两个陌生人加入了她们。故选A。‎ ‎26.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s “ ”.‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据该词所在句的上一句“My friend said，‘Now we believe your stories，’ Welty added.”和本句中的动词write可知，them指的是stories。故选D。‎ ‎27.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ A.They live in big cities.‎ B.They are mostly women.‎ C.They come from real life.‎ D.They are pleasure seekers.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson...”可知，她故事中的角色都是取材于生活中各个阶层的人。故选C。‎ ‎[七]‎ A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Frank Hurley收集的照片把过去一次不成功的南极洲的旅行活动重新展现了出来。‎ ‎33. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A. They were made last week.‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C. They were found by a cameraman.‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)...”可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。‎ ‎34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton.‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912...”可知，最先到达南极的是Robert Falcon Scott。‎ ‎35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A.Artistic creation. B.Scientific research.‎ C.Money making. D.Treasure hunting.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.”及“...started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知，Alexander认为他1914年航行的目的就是为了挣钱发财。‎ ‎ [八]‎ Why read，and sometimes even write poetry？That question is not difficult to answer if we change the word poetry to songs.‎ I sing when I feel good. When I sing my favorite songs，I feel even better. Sometimes when I am listening to music and to the song words，I feel that it was written for me. A good song always makes me feel something. There are songs that I sing in my head between classes and songs that I want to sing when the school bell rings by the end of the day. They help me get through the day.‎ They_are_like_bright_and_warm_colors_in_the_middle_of_grays_and_shades. I like songs about love and friendship. The extraordinary thing is that my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English.‎ I also like reading. I used to avoid poetry until an efriend told me I should recite poems and ‎ not look up the meaning of the words. Poetry uses many difficult words and idioms，but the best thing is to just forget about them. In the beginning I felt quite strange. Now I always lock the door. Reading aloud gives you a strange feeling，but when you have some practice and fall into the rhythm，and the sounds of the words，it is really a special experience.‎ I started with small poems，but now I think I most like long poems. I have different feelings with different poems. When I have had a bad day at school，I read Keats and forget everything. When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of a candle. When the poem is finished，I close the book and my sadness is gone.‎ 语篇解读　好的诗歌和歌曲就像灰暗中明亮的色彩，会让人精神振奋，心情愉悦。每当读起济慈和华兹华斯的诗歌，作者就会忘记一切烦恼，顿时心情变得轻松快乐。‎ ‎11．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?‎ A．Songs are like different colors in different times.‎ B．Songs can help people better understand colors.‎ C．Songs can describe a mixture of different colors.‎ D．Songs can bring people warmth and comfort.‎ 答案　D 解析　句意理解题。根据后文对作者听了好的歌曲后的感受的描述可知，好的歌曲会给人们带来温暖和慰藉，由此判断选D。‎ ‎12．What we can infer from the passage is that________.‎ A．the writer likes singing songs aloud at any time B．songs and poems can help get over bad emotions C．the writer’s native language is English D．the writer likes songs better than poems 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段和第五段内容可知，诗歌和歌曲会使人心情愉快，忘记悲伤。故选B。‎ ‎13．What can we know about the poems of Keats and Wordsworth through the passage?‎ A．Keats’ poems are full of bad feelings.‎ B．Wordsworth’s poems contain much sad description.‎ C．Both of their poetry can create positive feelings.‎ D．The themes of their poems are not different at all.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章末段最后三句“When I had a bad day at school，I read Keats and forget everything. When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of a candle. When the poem is finished，I close the book and my sadness is gone.”可知，Keats和Wordsworth的诗歌会给人带来积极的影响，选C。‎ ‎[九]‎ Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.‎ In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.‎ Though the belief in the merit(优点) of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?‎ Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇关于人们对身体上的污垢的态度变化的文章。16世纪的人们认为污渍是可以阻挡疾病的，所以那时候的人都很“脏”；18世纪人们又开始提倡洗洗干净；而到了现在，人们对于是否应该让孩子们在污渍的环境里锻炼免疫系统又有了新的争论。‎ ‎11．The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.‎ A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。由第二段前两句可知当时人们认为用热水清洗会打开皮肤，使疾病入侵体内，在公共浴池这种危险更大，因此这两位国王关闭了公共浴池。‎ ‎12．Which of the following best describes Henry Ⅳ’s attitude to bathing?‎ A．Afraid. B．Curious.‎ C．Approving. D．Uninterested.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.”可知，这个国王一听说一位绅士刚洗了澡，就命令他不准出去，为的是避开疾病的侵袭。说明他害怕洗澡。‎ ‎13．How does the passage mainly develop?‎ A．By providing examples.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By following the order of time.‎ D．By following the order of importance.‎ 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。文章第一段指出对于污垢没有确定的态度，然后下面三段分别介绍了16世纪早期、18世纪及现今三个时间人们的态度，因此可知，作者是按时间顺序来组织文章的。‎ ‎14．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To stress the role of dirt.‎ B．To introduce the history of dirt.‎ C．To call attention to the danger of dirt.‎ D．To present the change of views on dirt.‎ 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。文章介绍了人们在不同的时间里对身体上的脏的不同态度，表现了人们的态度变化。故选D。‎ ‎[十]‎ JOHANNESBURG—They say cats have nine lives. Now a Chinese toad(蟾蜍) has joined that club of clever survivors.‎ South Africans are shocked at the endurance of a toad that got trapped in a cargo shipment from China to Cape Town，after jumping into a porcelain(瓷器) candle stick(烛台) that was made there. South African officials reportedly planned to put down the creature，fearing it would cause harm as an invasive species if it were let go in the wild.‎ But the toad got a lastminute pardon. Mango Airlines，a South African airline，transported the toad on Friday to Johannesburg for delivery to an animal shelter，after officials decided to find a way to let the toad live. The twohour fight was a breeze compared to the trip from China，a long way of many weeks and thousands of kilometers across the Indian Ocean.‎ Airline spokesman Hein Kaiser said the toad got “firstclass treatment”，sitting in a transparent plastic container with escort Brett Glasby，an animal welfare inspector. There was even a ceremony，in which the toad’s boarding pass was handed to Glasby.‎ ‎“He was the star of the show on the flight，” Kaiser said of the amphibious(两栖的) passenger. “I think every passenger stopped to have a look.”‎ On landing in Johannesburg，the toad was brought out of its container for a celebritystyle photo shoot. Observers said the brown toad seemed like a cool customer. It belongs to the Asian toad species，which breeds during the monsoon(季风) season. It is believed to have survived the trip from China by hardening its skin to prevent it from drying out，and also by slowing its breathing and heart rate—methods that help the species survive in times of drought.‎ ‎“We’ve had snakes in imported timber and scorpions(蝎子) in fruit. We were called because the toad was right inside the candle stick，and we had to break it to get it out，” Glasby，the inspector，told The Star，a South African newspaper.‎ 语篇解读　本文属于新闻报道。文章报道了一只中国的蟾蜍通过偶然的机会被运送到南非，在那里找到了一个新家。‎ ‎11．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．An Asian toad gets a new home in South Africa.‎ B．Asian toads can’t get used to the life in South Africa.‎ C．Workers shipped a toad to South Africa on purpose.‎ D．South Africa ignores the protection of animals.‎ 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句“Mango Airlines，a South African airline，transported the toad on Friday to Johannesburg for delivery to an animal shelter...”以及下文中对运送蟾蜍过程的描述可知，文章讲述的是关于一个亚洲的蟾蜍在南非找到一个新家的事。故选A。‎ ‎12．If the toad is released into the wild，________.‎ A．it will make the locals feel shocked B．it might harm the native species C．it will lose its life in the wild D．it might flee into another country 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“South African officials reportedly planned to put down the creature，fearing it would cause harm as an invasive species if it were let go in the wild.”可知，如果这个蟾蜍被放到野外，它可能会伤害当地的自然物种。故选B。‎ ‎13．The toad was able to arrive in South Africa alive ________.‎ A．because it escaped all attacks and hunts B．because it used to stop its breath in winter C．because it formed hard skin to protect itself D．because it was lucky to be given a chance 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“It is believed to have survived the trip from China by hardening its skin to prevent it from drying out...”可知，这个蟾蜍能活着到达南非是因为坚硬的皮肤保护了它。故选C。‎ ‎14．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A．sometimes animals are transported accidentally B．no one has seen such a big toad in Africa C．a candle stick is the best place for a toad D．droughts make toads live longer 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We’ve had snakes in imported timber and scorpions(蝎子) in fruit.”可知，一些动物是偶然被运输的。故选A。‎