2020届二轮复习完形填空专题解题技巧课件(46张)

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2020届二轮复习完形填空专题解题技巧课件(46张)

Cloze Test 解题技巧 Teaching aims: I. Tendency: What and How? Ⅱ . Features and Elements Ⅲ . Analysis on the late three years’NMETs Ⅳ . Common Errors V. Applications and Practice I. Tendency: What and How? 考什么? 完形填空的命题趋势 完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型, 它要求学生掌握 词汇知识,习惯用语, 语法知识,句法结构, 而且要有一定的 语篇领悟能力,逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力 , 是综合了现行的 单选和阅读 的考查。近年来试题所设计的知识面不断拓宽,特别强调对 语篇及上下文的理解和应用 ,因此,可以说该题型难度大、区分度高,是 “ 容易拉开距离 ” 的题型。 1.  通常从一篇 300 词左右,夹叙夹议的文章中 设空 20 个, 首句不挖空 ; 2. 干扰项设计严密 . 一般情况下,四个选项的 词性相同 或 属于同等或对等 范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误,对考生 有很大的迷惑作用 ; 3. 突出 语篇 ( 语境 ) , 强调 应用, 注重 交际; 4. 大多富有 积极的教育意义 ,给人以人生的 启迪 或是充满了生活情趣; Ⅱ. Features and Elements Ⅲ. Analysis on the late three years’ NMETs 年份 文长 体裁 题材 2017 339 夹叙夹议 继母的信任与鼓励 促使“我”成功 2018 328 记叙文 一个男孩求苹果不得,先难过后又 smartly 释然的经历 2019 279 议论文 在数字技术时代人们很难“独处” 1. 完形填空选材设空情况 实词 虚词 年份 动词 形容词 副词 名词 代词 介词 连词 合计 10 7 5 2 5 1 20 11 7 2 3 4 1 2 1 20 12 8 2 3 4 1 2 20 2. 完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计 没有严格遵循答题步骤 : 很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章, 单纯求快 , 忽略语篇理解 ,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种 见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。 切记 : 一定要用 2-3 分钟时间 先进行 缺词阅读 , 弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空 . Ⅳ. Common Errors 2. 不注意 积累 答题 技巧 : a. 忽略文章 首句 的提示作用; b. 忽略文章中 上下文之间的照应 关系 ; c. 遇到长句不注意 分析句子结构 , 在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择 . 3 . 时间安排不当 : 在几个选项上 过分纠缠 ,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。 切记 : 正确的做法是 由易到难 ,先做会做 的,再考虑较难的。 强烈推荐 : 如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的 可能的两项填入空格 , 然后快速地整句整段地默读 , 选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的 . ??? So how can we improve the cloze test? V. Applications and Practice Now, it’s time for you to finish the exercise! 细读文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是 完整的。该句往往就是主题句 ( Topic Sentence ),这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个 “ 窗口 ” ,它的句意往往为 全文提供中心信息 ,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为 解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利 。 对于 叙事,描述类 文章。短文的 首句 ,往往点明故事发生的 人物 (who), 时间( when ),地点 (where) ,和事件 (what) 等背景 情况。例: A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting( 诱人的 ) apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. 2018 江苏卷 完形 对于 论述文,首句表明了论述的主题 。起到揭示主题的作用。例如: The concept of solitude ( 独处 ) in the digital world is almost non- existent. 2019 江苏 卷 完形 词汇题 高考完形填空 考什么? 篇章结构 ( 语境 ) 句际关系 结合选项 1. 复现 词汇题 看清上下文,找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 1 . In 1964 Mary graduated from Cambridge and looked for 36 . She wanted to be 37 and work full time. 36. A. information   B. help   C. a job   D. an assistant 37. A. happy B. independent C. free   D. confident 2. Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought …… She believed I had opinions, so I began to ……. 37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention 原词重现 3. I had some 28 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29 ( only ) use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs 同义词、近义词复现 4 There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 . A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods [ 解析 ] 前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法 (ways)” ,冒号后的解释,“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀,或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他,就是其中值得推荐的两种 ________” ,承前逻辑,自然是其中的两种“方法”,与 ways 同义的是 methods ,故选 D 。  2. 词语的习惯用法 和固定搭配 根据动词与其后介词的搭配关系来选择一个恰当的动词。 [ 例 1] On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper ___ his brother for him and… A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged 一、动介搭配 [ 解析 ] 能与“ A for B” 搭配的在四个选项中只有选项 C, mistake X for Y 意为“误以为 X 是 Y”, 故选 C 。 根据动词与其宾语是否可以搭配、在意义上是否符合逻辑或常识来确定选用哪个动词。 [ 例 2] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to ___ the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who… A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote [ 解析 ] 在不定式短语中,宾语是 “ 诺贝尔奖 ” ,动词该用哪一个?设立?形成?发展?促进?根据常识,能与 “ 奖项 ” 搭配的,在这四个选项中只有 “ 设立 ” ,故选 A 。 二、动宾搭配 根据句式或句型的搭配来确定填哪一个词。 The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to your memory better. A. make B. turn C. 1et D. change 三、句式搭配 [ 解析 ] 在四个选项中,能接“宾语 + 形容词作宾补”的只有选面 A , make your memory better 意为“使你的记忆力变得更好”,故选 A 。 根据习惯用语的固定搭配来确定正确选项。 [ 例 4] Intellectual property (IP) ( 知识产权 ) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept ___ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. A. holds B. dates C. sets D. turns [ 解析 ] date back to 是惯用短语,意为“追溯到”,故选 B 。 值得注意的是, 解题时,不能一看到搭配就选答案,这样往往容易出错。因为有时单独看空格前后或单独看空格所在句,除正确答选项外,其他选项也可能与其前后构成搭配,这时,还需要根据上下文的意思和逻辑,同时也需要结合生活常识才能定夺。 四、习语搭配 1. Participating workplaces let employees (员工;雇员) wear jeans (牛仔裤) on October 5 for a $5 donation. “It’s a real way for everyone to feel like they’re making a ___,” says the Emmy-winning actress. A. difference B. decision C. friend D. profit 1. A 。 make a difference 意为“有影响,起作用”。 根据上文: Hargitay 发起一个为乳腺癌研究募款的项目,即通过上班穿牛仔裤的员工捐款 5 元钱。她认为这是一个让每个人感觉在起作用,出一份力的有效途径。 2. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be 25 financially for its use. A. rewarded B. praised C. awarded D. punished 2. A 。“ reward for sth./doing sth.” 即“为(做)某事而报答”,“ award sb. sth./sth. to sb.” 即“授予某人某物”,可知 A 项正确。 3. 根据词汇的 意义及用法辨析词义 1. My father 36 me to her with these words: “ I would like you to meet the fellow who is …… 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 2. The happiest people don ’ t 53( necessarily ) have the best of everything ; they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try 语境 - 词义辨析 36 me to just 54 the best of 语境 - 词义辨析 4. 根据生活常识 及文化背景知识进行选择 1. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding 生活常识 常识、背景知识 2. Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese , the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pused them 37 (aside ) , …… 36. A. custorn B. games C .characters D. language 1. 语法手段 2. 逻辑手段 句际关系 1. 语法手段 1. I then 32 ( realized ) I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking. 33. A. it B. all C. him D. them 语法 - 指代 2. “ As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether 语法 - 句型 逻辑手段 2. 逻辑手段 让步关系 转折关系 因果关系 解释关系 顺序关系 并列关系 … 1. Then she looked at my father and replied , “ You are 40 ( wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasn ’ t yet found an outlet (释放的途径) for his enthusiasm. ” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or 语境 - 转折关系、搭配 the smartest 2.Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy 语境 - 同类并列关系 3. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, ... Then the writing point of the pen…… 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally 语境 - 顺序关系 小结:完型填空考查内容 原词复现 同义 . 近义复现 指 代 句 型 并列关系 转折关系 让步关系 解释关系 语法项目 顺序关系 因果关系 词汇手段 语法手段 逻辑手段 语篇信息 (语境理解) Problem solving strategies 注意 上下文语境 ( context) 了解 常识背景 ( common sense ) 掌握 习惯搭配 ( phrases & idioms ) 运用 词义辨析 ( comparison ) 运用 语法分析 ( grammar analysis) 运用 逻辑分析 (logical analysis ) 运用 排除法 ( exclusive method ) 解题过程中应做到 1. Skimming: to enter the situation and get the general idea. ( 快读 ) 2. Scanning: to think the situation over and make the best choices. ( 精读 ) 3. Studying: to check the answers and make necessary changes. ( 研读 ) Summaries 1. Mind three steps 2. From four aspects: 1. Attach importance to the first sentence 仅仅考察单词拼写或构词法知识,不考虑上下文 2. Fixed words and phrases --- comparison 3. Sentences 选词时需要联系上下文,但不超出空格所在句子 4. Text analysis 语篇分析超出句子的层面,要联系句前句后,段前段后的语境,理清逻缉关系。 实 战 演 练 Please finish the cloze test on your homework paper . Please keep in mind, Practice makes perfect! Homework Finish the exercise P3-4. Thank you! Bye-bye !
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