【英语】2019届二轮复习语法知识名词、代词和冠词考点解读学案　（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法知识名词、代词和冠词考点解读学案　（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法知识名词、代词和冠词考点解读学案　‎ ‎【网络清单】‎ 名词分类普通名词可数名词个体名词:dog,chair,child,woman等集体名词:class,family,people等不可数名词物质名词:water,tea,oil,air等抽象名词:attention,love,pride,fun等专有名词:America,China,John等单数名词变复数名词的常用规则‎★★★‎名词所有格‎’s有生命的人或物的所有格:Tom and Helen’s parents表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、金额、国家或城市的名词的所有格:‎two years’ time,an hour’s ride‎(★★★)’s所有格的构成规则of一般用于表示无生命的东西的所有格:the window ofthe house双重所有格:表示其中之一或其中一部分,突出局部:‎a friend of Tom’s, any work of Mo Yan’s名词句法功能作主语:Mr. Smithwas born in Canada.‎作宾语:Johnsonis reading anovelin his study.‎作表语:She is a lovelygirl.‎作定语:She is afootballplayer.‎作补语:Everyone elected himmonitor.‎名词构词法(构成名词的后缀)‎ 代词人称代词‎★★★‎主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,they)在句中作主语宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,them)在句中作宾语、表语物主代词‎★★★‎形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)在名词前作定语名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,‎在句中作主语、宾语、表语反身代词‎★‎形式:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves用法:宾语、表语、同位语含有反身代词的习惯用语You will have to see if he has gone toschoolfor yourself.(亲自)‎The computer mayshut offof itself.(自动地)‎I’d like to have a roomto myself.(独自享用)‎I can’t finishmy workby myself.(独立地)‎Seat yourself‎,please.请坐。‎Enjoy yourself‎.玩得高兴。‎指示代词(this,that,those,these)作主语、宾语、表语、定语相互代词(eachother,one another)作宾语疑问代词‎★‎who,whom,whose‎ ‎what,whichwhat和who的区别:what用来询问职业;who用来询问身份what的习惯用法不定代词‎★★★‎‎1.both,all,either,any,neither,none‎2.one,another,the other,some,others,the others‎3.no one/nobody,nothing,none‎4.many,much,few,little,a few,a little‎5.替代词:one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those‎6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语(nothing but,anything but等)‎‎7.全部肯定,全部否定和部分否定it的用法‎★★★‎连接代词(详见名词性从句):Who can tellwhatwill happen inthe future?‎‎ ‎‎★★★‎关系代词(详见定语从句):Hewholaughs last laughs best.‎‎ ‎‎★★★‎ 冠词冠词的泛指、特指‎★★★‎不定冠词的用法‎★★★‎不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的习惯用法定冠词的用法‎★★★‎定冠词的基本用法定冠词的习惯用法零冠词的用法‎★★★‎零冠词的基本用法零冠词的习惯用法冠词的活用‎★‎抽象、物质名词的具体化surprise惊奇　a surprise一件意外的事success成功　a success一个/件成功的人或事rain雨　a heavy rain一场大雨具体名词的抽象化go to aschool去一所学校　go toschool去上学at a table在桌旁　at table在吃饭纯专有名词的普通化He isa Lei Feng.他是一个活雷锋。‎A Mr. Smithis waiting for you outside.‎一个叫史密斯的先生正在外面等你。‎世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的活用The moontravels aroundthe earth.‎月亮围着地球转。‎A new moonis hanging inthe sky.‎一轮新月悬挂在天空中。‎‎(★)形容词比较级前冠词的活用Tom isthe tallerofthe two boys.(两者中较……的)‎This pair ofshoes is too small.Would youshow mea largerpair?‎‎(更……的)‎‎ ‎most前冠词的活用It isthe mostuseful dictionary.‎它是最有用的字典。(表示三者或三者以上中最……的)‎It isa mostuseful dictionary.(a very)‎它是一本非常有用的字典。‎序数词前冠词的活用It isthe secondtimethat he has visitedthe city.‎这是他第二次参观这个城市。(表示次序)‎Can you give mea secondchance?‎你能再给我一次机会吗?(又一,再一)‎乐器名词前冠词的活用He is playingthe piano.(西洋乐器前加the)‎He is playinga borrowed piano.‎‎(西洋乐器被当作普通名词使用时,可与不定冠词连用)‎He likes to playerhu.(中国乐器前不加冠词)‎word, man前的冠词活用For a long timethey walked without sayinga wordand Jim wasthe first to breakthe silence.‎‎(word作“单词,话”讲,为普通名词,根据需要与相应的不定冠词连用)‎Wordcamethat I was needed athome.‎‎(word作“消息,信息”讲,与零冠词连用)‎He isadifficultmanto deal with.‎‎(man作“男人,人”讲,为普通名词,根据需要与相应的不定冠词连用)‎Some peoplethinkmancan conquer nature.(man作“人类”讲,需与零冠词连用)‎ ‎【考点集训】‎ 考点一　名词 ‎1.(2019届河北深州中学三次月考,67) Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, 　　　 (tomato) and sunflowers. ‎ 答案　tomatoes ‎2.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,59)Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring 　　　 (country).  ‎ 答案　countries ‎3.(2019届吉林省实验中学三次月考,61)I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short 　　　 (distant). ‎ 答案　distance ‎4.(2019届浙江稽阳联考,62)Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, 　　　 (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork. ‎ 答案　strength ‎5.(2018东北三省三校一模,68)Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its 　　　 (branch) measures 21,196 km. ‎ 答案　branches ‎6.(2018陕西榆林一模,64)These certain 　　　(member) of the upper class began to change the way Christmas was celebrated in America. ‎ 答案　members ‎7.(2018东北三省三校一模,64)Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the 　　　(encourage) of trade and the control of immigration. ‎ 答案　encouragement ‎8.(2018陕西宝鸡质检,64)In 1962, Rachel Carson