2020届二轮复习题型五书面表达课件（广东专用）

2020届二轮复习题型五书面表达课件（广东专用）

题型五　书面表达 - 2 - - 3 - 第 1 步 　 技法探究 考点一 　 应用文 第一节 　 书信 一、考试要求 书信 ( 包括电子邮件 ) 是英语书面表达中最常见的命题形式之一。鉴于格式一般都已经给出 , 书信主要考查的是考生谋篇布局和遣词造句的能力。考生在备考过程中应着眼于短文内容的训练 , 将短文写出特色 , 写出亮点 , 才能得高分。 - 4 - 二、写作技巧 英文书信一般分为商务信函 (Business letters) 和私人书信 (Personal letters) 两类。而高考书面表达一般都是要求写私人书信。它包括五部分 , 即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名 , 具体如下 : 1. 信头 (Heading): 寄信人的地址和写信日期 , 写在信的右上角。注意英语中地名的写法与中文不同 , 要从小到大 ; 日期写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达 , 即月、日、年。月、日与年之间用逗号隔开 , 月份尽量不要缩写 , 如 :June 8,2013; 英式英语表达则为日、月、年 , 中间不用逗号隔开 , 如 :8 June 2013 。 2. 称呼 (Salutation): 自成一行 , 顶格写。称呼语常用 :Dear Sir/Madam/Manager/Editor/friends/Bob, 称呼之后一般用逗号。 - 5 - 3. 正文 (Body): 信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行 , 与 Dear 后第一个单词对齐。一封完整的信要写明写信的理由、支持该理由的事实以及要求收信人做什么等。写回信时常表达已收到对方的信 , 并表示谢意。 4. 结束语 (Closing): 结尾客套语 ( 又称敬语 ), 它要写在结尾语的下一行 , 位于书信的中间或右下角 , 后面用逗号。常用的结束语有 :Yours sincerely/faithfully/ truly;Sincerely /Truly yours;Yours 等。 5. 签名 (Signature): 签名写在结束语的下一行 , 与结束语对齐 , 也就是签上写信人的名字。如写信人是女性 , 与收信人又不相识 , 则往往在署名前用括号注上 Miss,Mrs 或 Ms , 以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还在署名之后写上自己的职位或头衔。 - 6 - 三、常用词句 1. 开头常用语 I was delighted to receive your letter. Your letter came to me this morning. I have received your letter of July the 29th. I ’ m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. I ’ m writing to ask if you can come next week. How time flies!It ’ s three months since I saw you last time. - 7 - 2. 结尾常用语 Thank you for your letter. Tom joins me in sending all good wishes to you and your family. I believe I ’ ll see you again,so I ’ ll end for now. Please remember me to your whole family. Give my best regards(wishes)to your mother. Best wishes. With love. Wish you a pleasant journey. Wish you success. Wish you the best of health(luck). Looking forward to your next visit to China. Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible. - 8 - ★ 感谢信常用句型 : I am grateful to you for... I take this opportunity to express to you my deep appreciation for... It ’ s kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say. ★ 致歉信常用句型 : I must apologize to you for... I regret to inform you that I am unable to do... ★ 邀请信常用句型 : I am pleased to invite you to attend... I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here. We look forward to seeing you. - 9 - ★ 申请信常用句型 : I wish to apply for a position of which you advertised in today ’ s newspaper. I have learned from a friend that your company is looking for a... I shall be glad to provide you with any further information concerning my education and personal experience. - 10 - 四、写作模板 1. 询问信 - 11 - 2. 道歉信 - 12 - 3. 感谢信 - 13 - 4. 求职信 - 14 - 5. 建议信 - 15 - 6. 邀请信 - 16 - 第二节 　 发言稿 一、考试要求 发言稿或演讲稿是一种在较为正式的场合下发表的讲话文稿。虽然是一种口语化的应用文体裁 , 它要求考生写出内容完整、要点齐全的短文 , 语言需具有感染力、号召力。 二、写作技巧 发言稿是生活中一种常见的应用文体 , 是参加会议的人为了在会议上表达自己的意见、看法 , 进行思想汇报或工作情况汇报而事先准备好的文稿。英文开幕词、闭幕词、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词和演讲稿是正式社交场合中最常见的发言稿。 - 17 - 发言稿正文常分为三部分 : 第一部分 : 开门见山 , 引人入胜 , 提出本文要谈的问题及对问题的看法。 第二部分 : 言之有物 , 详略得当。根据主题性质 , 发言稿一般有三种类型 :(1) 记叙性演讲稿 , 以对人物事件的叙述和生活画面的描述行文 ;(2) 议论性演讲稿 , 以典型事件和理论为依据 , 用逻辑方式行文 , 用观点说服听众 ;(3) 抒情性演讲稿 , 用热烈的抒情性语言表明观点 , 以情感人、寓情于事、寓情于理。 第三部分 : 照应开头 , 总结全文 , 鼓舞人心。可以对全文作简明扼要的总结 , 也可以谈自己的感想、看法或期望。常用到的总结语有 :In short,In a word,I think,I expect 等。 - 18 - 正文写作要注意以下几点 : 1. 观点要鲜明。对问题持有什么看法 , 要明确表态 , 不要含糊其辞。要中心明确 , 重点突出 , 但不必面面俱到。 2. 条理要清晰。一篇发言稿要谈几方面的问题 , 每一方面有哪些要点要进行阐述 , 都要安排得有条有理 , 使听众容易抓住重点。 3. 适当增加关联词和细节。发言稿开头与结尾已经给出 , 这就要求在命题形式上侧重于考查发言稿正文的写法 , 所以我们在根据要点组织正文内容时 , 可以适当增加关联词和细节 , 以使短文连贯、完整。 4. 在组织句子时要注意 “ 三多一少 ” 。即 , 简单句式多 , 祈使句多 , 情态动词多 , 修饰性词语少。但文中的句型也要善于变化 , 不要过于单一。 - 19 - 三、常用词句 1. 开头语句 Good morning/ afternoon,everyone /ladies and gentlemen. What I ’ m talking about today is... It ’ s nice to speak about... It ’ s my honor to stand here and say something about... I ’ d like to tell you something about... Please let me give you a brief introduction about... 2. 主体语句 As we all know/As is known to us all.../It is well-known to us all that... From this point of view,.../On account of this,we can... No one can deny the fact that.../There is no denying the fact that... The thing we should do is to.../What we should do is.../It is our duty to... - 20 - 3. 结尾语句 If everyone...,I believe... In my opinion,we should try to.../Only in this way can we... As long as we...,we can... Last but not least,it ’ s everyone ’ s responsibility to... If you...,you will...! - 21 - 四、写作模板 - 22 - 第三节 　 日记 一、考试要求 对日记的考查要求考生通过语言提示或图画 ( 多为连环画 ) 提示叙述曾经发生的故事或事件 , 并在文章最后抒发自己的情感 , 提升对生活经历的理性认识。日记不仅考查体裁格式 , 还考查考生正确应用语言和处理动词时态的能力。 二、写作技巧 日记可分为记事、议论、描写及抒情等形式。记事型日记是用英语记述当天生活或学习中发生的事情 ; 议论型日记是针对生活中某一情况或现象谈论自己的看法 , 发表议论 ; 描写型或抒情型日记 , 是对某人、某物的特征做细致的描述 , 或针对某事物抒发自己的情感。要写好英文日记 , 需要注意以下几点 : - 23 - 1. 格式要正确。英文日记与中文日记写法大致相同 , 都是在正文之前 , 先依次有日期、星期几及当天的天气情况 ( fine,cold,snowy,sunny,rainy,cloudy 等 ) 。 2. 时态要正确。日记中记录的事件一般发生在记录之前 , 因此常用一般过去时态 ; 在记述天气、描写景色或展望未来时 , 可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。 3. 内容要完整。日记大多属于记叙文 , 因此要特别注意记叙文的六个要素 , 即 : 交代清楚事件发生的时间 (time) 、地点 (place) 、主要人物 (characters) 、事件的经过 (action) 、事件的原因 (reason) 及结果 (result) 。开始写日记之前 , 可以根据提示 , 将这六个要素排列出来 , 写出相关句子 , 然后串联起来 , 充实内容 , 就成了一篇记叙文 , 也就是日记的正文。 - 24 - 4. 表达要清楚、准确、连贯。判断的标准就是阅读日记 , 看是否用简洁明了的英语把所给的汉语提示准确无误地表达出来 , 并增加了自己的感想等。 5. 文体要口语化。因为日记是写给自己看的 , 其内容多是记述自己亲身经历的事或抒发自己的感情等 , 所以用第一人称写 , 文体也不必过分讲究 , 只需把该写的东西写清楚即可。 - 25 - 三、常用词句 1 . 格式部分 : rainy,cloudy,hot,shiny,cool,fine,sunny,warm 2 . 正文部分 : Firstly...,secondly...,thirdly... I got up at 5:30 and went to school at 7:30 this morning. On my way to my uncle’s house this morning... When I came into the classroom,my classmates were having a discussion. It is Sunday today.This morning we had a voluntary activity... We visited the theme park in our city with Mr Smith... - 26 - 3. 结束部分 : From the experience we have learned a lot./I benefited a lot from the activity. We can realize that science is playing a more and more important part/role in daily life. What an unforgettable experience! What a fine day! This is the lesson we should learn. Though tired,I felt very happy. - 27 - 四、写作模板 - 28 - 第四节 　 通知 一、考试要求 通知是应用文的一种常见形式 , 分为书面通知和口头通知。除了考查通知的基本格式外 , 通知类书面表达还考查考生在交际背景下应用语言的能力。通知类书面表达涉及的考查背景多为会议、旅行、讲座或日常活动、旅行安排等。 - 29 - 二、写作技巧 1. 书面通知 书面通知有自己比较固定的格式 : 开头要有标题 ( 通常为 Notice 或 Announcement), 标题下面是正文 , 正文后通常还应有发通知的单位 ( 通常写在正文右下角 ) 和日期 ( 通常写在正文左下角或者右上角 ) 等。书面通知的语言特点是 : 措辞较严谨 , 句子结构更为复杂 , 尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语 ( 如用不定式表目的等 ) 和从句 ( 如 if 从句、 when 从句、 so that 从句等 ) 。正文涉及的时态通常是将来时态 , 多用第三人称或第二人称。书面通知的五个写作基本要点是 : (1) 什么时间 : 对于时间的表达要明确而且具体。 (2) 什么地点 : 英语中对于地点的表达与汉语顺序相反 , 要由小到大。如 : 北京海淀区复兴路 , 英文为 :(on) Fuxing Street Haidian District,Beijing 。 - 30 - (3) 有何事情 : 要向被通知者说明是什么事情 , 此时常常要用到被动句式。 (4) 谁来参加 : 要把参加者的情况说清楚。 (5) 注意事项 : 提示参加者需要注意的事项及要求。 2. 口头通知 口头通知的开头和结尾通常都有固定套语。开头称呼语通常需根据听众的具体情况来确定 , 如在比较正式且男女听众兼有的场合 , 通常用 Ladies and gentlemen 来称呼听众。当然 , 若听众中只有男士 , 则只用 Gentlemen; 或者只有女士 , 则只用 Ladies 。对学生用的称呼语通常是 Boys and girls 。口头通知的语言特点是 : 用词较口语化 , 句子不会太复杂 , 通常只需用一段话讲清其内容即可。写好口头通知应做到 : - 31 - (1) 思路清晰 : 要准确、恰当地传达通知信息 , 必须做到有主有次 , 有先有后 , 如时间、地点、主题、要求为主 , 其他的补充信息为辅。 (2) 口语化强 : 写口头通知时 , 应注意多使用简单句 , 避免使用过长的复合句 ; 避免使用修饰性太强的形容词或副词。 (3) 人称时态恰当 : 应该根据通知主题与听众的关系 , 正确使用人称 , 以避免引起误解。通知的事情一般与将来有关 , 因此应使用将来时。如涉及人物身份特征时 , 应使用一般现在时或完成时。 - 32 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语 give a talk/a concert,hold a meeting/a class/a celebration,attend a meeting/a sports meet/a lecture,have a class/a meeting/a discussion,make a trip,set up a club,set out(for)/arrive at...,show sb.around /visit a place,meet at the gate of...,go to a concert/a movie/the theatre/the cinema,join sb.in/take part in... - 33 - 2. 常用开头语 Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls,may I have your attention,please ? Attention,please!There will be... Be quiet,please ! Listen,please.There is going to be... Excuse me,everyone!I ’ d like to tell you that... I have an announcement to make. I ’ ve something important to tell you. - 34 - 3. 常用句型 There is going to be a talk on... The meeting will be held in.../A lecture will be given at... We are going to hold a discussion over... The Drama Club has decided to hold a meeting on... All the members are expected to attend it. Everyone will be welcome./All the students are welcome. You are required to take notes during the lecture. Please be there on time./Please attend it on time. Make sure that you.../Be sure to... That ’ s all.Thank you./Thank you for listening./OK. That ’ s all.Wish you a pleasant journey. - 35 - 四、写作模板 1. 书面通知 - 36 - 2. 口头通知 - 37 - 第五节 　 报道 一、考试要求 作为应用文的一种类型 , 报道有其固定的格式和行文模式。对新闻报道的考查形式往往是给定主题事件或人物的背景信息 , 要求考生根据给出的提示要点 , 完整地报道整个事件或人物情况。 二、写作技巧 报道类书面表达主要是新闻消息报道 , 比故事描写简单 , 通常只需说清发生的事情、主要人物、地点等 , 发表于报纸杂志上。新闻报道的结构一般由标题 (headline) 、导语 (lead) 和正文 (body) 三部分组成。标题是指报道的题目 ; 导语是对报道内容的概括和摘要 ; 正文是报道的主体 , 包括五个要素 : 时间 (time) 、地点 (place) 、人物 (characters) 、起因 (cause) 和结果 (effect) 。要写好新闻报道 , 需注意以下几点 : - 38 - 1. 主题明确。有了明确的主题 , 取舍材料才有标准 , 起笔、过渡、高潮和结局才有依据。 2. 材料精当。根据主题思想斟酌选取材料 , 在报道中要使用最能反映事物本质的、具有典型意义和有吸引力的材料。 3. 写人离不开写事 , 人物和事件要相互映衬 , 相互补充。 4. 报道角度新颖。写作方法要灵活多样 , 除叙述之外 , 还可以描写和议论 , 穿插人物对话 , 加入作者的体会和感受。既可以用第三人称的报道形式 , 也可以写成第一人称的访问记。 - 39 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语 hot news,journalist,contributor,report,feedback,cover the event,said /revealed/announced/ quoted,witness,at present/currently/nowadays/these years/in the past several decades 2. 常用句型 It was reported/learnt/announced that... Thanks to/Owing to/Due to...,...has witnessed...in the last two months/weeks. With the rapid development/ progress,great changes have taken place in... With the arrival of the information age/the economy age... In the past few years,there has been... - 40 - Nowadays more and more people begin to realize/be aware of/notice the importance of... Recently the issue/problem of...has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern. As was reported in the last issue,...Today,... According to the survey/investigation/analysis/report released/made by...,there is a(n)growing/increasing/declining number of... - 41 - 四、写作模板 - 42 - 考点二 　 议论文 议论文的出题形式多种多样 , 有看图写作、表格、书信、发言稿、漫画理解等。议论文是一种说理型文体 , 作者要通过摆事实、讲道理来说服读者同意自己的观点或接受自己的建议。在写作手法上 , 议论文与说明文关系最为密切 , 都有许多说明的成分 , 但说明文是客观地解释事物、方法、观点等 , 不试图改变读者的思想 , 而议论文是通过主观的说明 , 以左右读者的思想。 1. 常见的几种议论文形式 : (1)“ 一分为二 ” 观点型。该类型的议论文从两方面去分析一个问题 , 然后阐述自己的观点。 (2)“ 两者选一 ” 观点型。该类型的议论文分析两种事物的优劣势 , 阐述自己的观点。 (3)“ 我认为 ……” 观点型。该类型的议论文阐述对某一事物的看法 , 如 “ 你对课外阅读的看法 ”,“ 你对城市拥堵的看法 ” 等。 - 43 - (4)“ 怎样 ……” 观点型。该类型的议论文分析怎样解决一个问题 , 如 “ 怎样克服学习中碰到的困难 ”,“ 怎样缓解压力 ” 等。 (5) 看图 ( 表 ) 议论型。该类型议论文通过图画、漫画或图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。 2. 英语议论文的写作结构 (1) 引言段 英语议论文的引言通常由两部分组成 : 现象 + 观点。现象来自作文题目 , 因此必须要理解题目中的每句话 , 把题目中的中文用英语准确地表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。然后再开门见山地摆明自己的观点。 - 44 - (2) 主体段 主体段通常有以下几种写作方法 : ① 引证法 , 即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语等作为论据 ; ② 例证法 , 即通过举例来进行论证 ; ③ 喻证法 , 即用比喻的方法来论证事理 , 把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂 , 使文章既生动又形象 ; ④ 对比论证法 , 即通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比来分析论证 , 使文章的表达效果更强烈 , 给人留下深刻印象 ; ⑤ 归纳法 , 即从分析个别事物 ( 典例 ) 入手 , 找出事物的共同特点 , 然后得出结论 ; ⑥ 推理法 , 即从一般原理出发 , 对个别事物进行说明、分析 , 然后得出结论 ; - 45 - ⑦ 驳论法 , 即先列出错误的观点 , 然后逐条加以批驳 , 最后阐明自己的观点。 在主体段中 , 务必要牢记应采用先总后分的手法 —— 先亮出主题句 , 然后再用发展句充实段落。主体段必须围绕着引言段的观点展开 , 以免读者误认为文章段落之间没有衔接。 此外 , 在主体段中要恰当地使用过渡词 , 使文章有明显的层次感 , 从而引领阅读者一步一步地根据分论点走向最终要阐述的观点。 (3) 结尾段 用一两句话来结束文章 , 做到首尾呼应。最后要再次表述观点 , 切记要与引言段的观点一致 , 建议用不同的词句来表达。 - 46 - 3. 议论文写作时应注意以下几点 : (1) 确定论点。通常在文章的第一段提出论点 , 开门见山 , 不拖泥带水。 (2) 要有足够的论据。可以列举生活中的实例。 (3) 论证要有严密的逻辑性。所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系起来。 (4) 层次要清楚。语言表达要有层次性 , 表述要清晰、条理。 (5) 诚恳说理 , 以理服人。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主 , 但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。 (6) 论据要充分。欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。可以通过列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历来论证。 (7) 注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时 , 但述说过去的事实时 , 可用过去时态 ; 预测将来时 , 要用将来时态 ; 有时假设一种情况时 , 还需使用虚拟语气。也常使用被动语态。 - 47 - 第一节 　 比较型议论文 一、考试要求 比较型议论文是在论述两类事物或同一事物两个方面异同点的基础上 , 表明作者观点或态度的写作形式。常见的论述点包括 : 某事物的利和弊 , 对某事物喜欢或厌恶、赞成或反对的理由等。 比较型议论文的结构通常是并列式的 , 无论采用哪种写作方法 , 对立的两者之间必须使用适当的过渡成分 , 从而使前后衔接自然。 - 48 - 二、写作技巧 比较型议论文通常有以下两种写作方法 : 1. 整体比较法 : 即从整体上论述针对某一事物的正、反观点 , 或就某一事物不同时期的特点展开论述。如 : 论述通讯方式的今昔对比时 , 可先全面阐述往昔人们的常用通讯方式 , 然后再整体介绍如今的通讯特点 , 其中的利弊便一目了然。 2. 部分比较法 : 即把某一事物的一个正面观点与相对应的反面观点一起论述。 三、常用语句 1. 常用词语 相似的比较 : likewise,similarly,in the same manner 相反的比较 :on the other hand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,in contrast,on the contrary,in comparison,compared with... - 49 - 2. 常用句型 (1) 开头时常用的表达方式 : We have a discussion about... We ’ ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. We have had a survey on... We ’ ve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools. - 50 - (2) 分别论证时常用的表达方式 : Opinions are divided on the question. Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. Every coin has two sides,and ... Sixty percent of the students are for the idea,while forty percent of the students think otherwise. Seventy percent of the students think it necessary to...,but thirty percent of the students don ’ t think so. On the one hand,...on the other hand,... - 51 - (3) 在对某一观点作进一步论证时 , 常用的表达方式 : Compared with B,A is more... What ’ s more,we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study,as well as improve our English. Besides,it ’ s far too expensive to study abroad,which is a load to the family. (4) 在提出多个论据时 , 常用的连接词 : First,...Second,...Third,... - 52 - 四、写作模板 - 53 - 第二节 　 归纳型议论文 一、考试要求 归纳型议论文多见于图表、图示、表格类提示信息题。一般议论贯穿全文 , 通过对某一事件几个方面的论证 , 归纳阐述自己的观点和态度。 二、写作技巧 归纳论证是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过分析许多个别事例或分论点 , 然后归纳出它们所共有的特性 , 从而得出一个一般性的结论。归纳型议论文写作首段要提出论点 , 即文章的中心问题。接下来围绕这个中心论点展开议论 , 分别阐述关于此论点的不同的观点和态度。最后 , 正面阐述自己就这一论点的观点和态度。写作时应注意以下几点 : - 54 - 1. 观点鲜明。在开头要有一个明确的中心论点。如有可能 , 可以使用一些习语、名言警句放在开头 , 以提升文章的总体效果。 2. 层次分明。一个中心论点通过几个事例或分论点支持 , 不同层次之间要分明 , 过渡清晰自然。举例要详略得当 , 要有好的论据支持。 3. 最后一段得出结论。在结尾要尽量把内容集中在论点上 , 同时要注意与引言段呼应 , 但不能照搬前面的原话。 4. 在语言运用方面要注意简洁有力 , 一般不用口头语。多使用过渡词和连接词 , 以使行文条理、有逻辑性。注意句式多样性 , 可在文中穿插使用简单句、并列句和复合句。 - 55 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语 to start with/to begin with,in my opinion,to my knowledge/ understanding,in my point of view,above all,first of all,most importantly first/second/ third,firstly /secondly/ thirdly,for one thing,...for another,in the first/second/third place,on the one hand/on the other hand last but not least,lastly,consequently,eventually,finally,to conclude,to end with,all in all,in conclusion,in summary,to end with,to sum up - 56 - 2. 常用句型 I personally think... I am for the opinion that... As I see it/As for me,... My opinion is that... As far as I am concerned,... From where I stand,... I consider/believe... I hold the opinion... I ’ d like to point out that... Personally I agree/disagree... - 57 - 四、写作模板 - 58 - 第三节 　 因果型议论文 一、考试要求 事物都有自己的原因和结果。从结果中找原因 , 或从原因推导结果 , 就是找出事物产生、发展的来龙去脉和规律 , 通过对事理原因或结果的周密分析 , 从而证明论点的正确性、合理性 , 这类议论文被称为因果型议论文。 因果型议论文的命题形式主要是以表格式和提纲式材料来呈现。它要求语言必须简练、准确 , 要尽可能地避免使用口语 , 多用书面语 , 可适当使用名言警句。文章内容以议论为主 , 辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。 - 59 - 二、写作技巧 写作此类型的议论文应该注意以下问题 : 1. 分清根本原因和表层原因。根本原因 , 是引起结果的最本质的因素 , 所以能说明问题的实质 , 具有说服力 ; 表层原因 , 是为大家所熟知的 , 其论证是乏力的。 2. 分析导致一个结果的不同原因。一般而言 , 多个原因之间存在并列关系 , 所以要用恰当的连接词来引出原因 , 如 firstly,secondly,thirdly,last but not least 等。 3. 要完整、深刻地论述一个问题 , 应用多种论证方法 , 比如例证法、分析法、反面论证、数据论证等。 4. 注意行文的逻辑性、连贯性和书写的整洁性。 - 60 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语 as...,because(of),due to,since ...,as is the case...,according to,for instance/ example,generally speaking,however,besides /moreover/ furthermore,what ’ s more,for the long run,though / although,nonetheless,likewise,obviously,advantages and disadvantages,in spite of/despite..., thus,as a result,lead to,result in - 61 - 2. 常用句型 There are several reasons for.../The reason for/why...is that.../That ’ s why/because... There are many factors that account for/contribute to/are responsible for...,but the following are the typical ones. Taking into account all the relevant factors/Judging from all the evidence offered,we may come to the conclusion that... Therefore,it can be inferred that... It can be imagined that... It is assumed that... Accordingly,I recommend that... - 62 - 四、写作模板 - 63 - 考点三 　 说明文 说明文是解说事物、阐明事理、给人以知、教人以用的文体。说明文以说明为主要表达方式 , 可以介绍人物的经历 ( 人物说明文 ), 介绍事物的形状、构造、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因等方面的特征 ( 事物说明文 ), 介绍科学知识 ( 事理说明文 ), 介绍和说明某事物怎样操作和使用 ( 程序说明文 ) 。说明的目的是给读者提供知识 , 使之理解客观世界 , 掌握解决问题的方法。 英语书面表达说明文的主要特点 : 一是知识性和科学性 , 二是应用性和解说性 , 三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写 , 要用具体 详实 的材料说明问题 , 而不要抽象、空洞地讨论。说明文通常用第三人称 , 一般现在时 , 常用被动语态 , 有时也用虚拟语气。 说明文的出题形式通常为文字、图标、图表等。文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说明文必须注意事实准确、表达清晰、层次分明、语言简练、用词准确。 - 64 - 第一节 　 事物说明文 一、考试要求 英语说明文主要以事物说明文为主。事物说明文主要介绍事物的形态、构造、状态、功能等方面的特征。 二、写作技巧 事物说明文的说明对象是某个具体事物 , 通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明 , 使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物。写事物说明文时应注意以下问题 : 1. 要抓住事物的特征 介绍事物 , 一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征 , 就是这一事物区别于其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征 , 才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说得明白、清楚。 - 65 - 2. 要遵循一定的顺序 介绍一件事物 , 目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等 , 因此要做到条理清楚。我们可以按以下三种顺序说明事物 :(1) 时间顺序 , 即按事物发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明 ;(2) 空间顺序 , 即按事物空间位置的顺序 , 由上至下 , 由近及远或由里及表地进行说明 ;(3) 逻辑顺序 , 即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明 , 如 : 由整体到部分 , 由现象到本质 , 由原因到结果 , 由主要到次要等。 3. 选用恰当的方法 (1) 定义法。定义法的目的是让不知此事物的人对此事物有一个起码的了解 , 以利于下文的展开。如 :A thermometer is an instrument used for measuring temperature. 就是对 thermometer 的定义。有些事物可能不好做明确定义 , 但可以交代这个事物的背景、来源 , 或列举出它的一些典型特征 , 以便让读者明白。 - 66 - (2) 举例说明法。举出具有代表性的例子 , 能够真切地说明事物 , 化抽象为具体 , 使段落变得丰富、有血有肉。举例时常用的表达有 :for example,for instance,as an example of,take ...for example 等。 (3) 比较法。为了突出事物鲜明的特点 , 我们常把它与其他事物进行比较。假如我们想向读者介绍什么是 “ 电脑 ”, 我们可以说 “It ’ s a kind of electrical or artificial( 人工的 )brain.”, 这样把电脑和人脑进行了比较 , 从而使人们对 “ 电脑 ” 有更清晰的认识。 (4) 细节描述法。介绍一种事物 , 仅用概述性的词语 ( 如 beautiful,boring,good 或 bad) 是不够的 , 需要提供一些细节 , 使被描述的对象更加形象具体 , 从而加深读者的印象。 - 67 - 4. 运用恰当的语言 说明一事物 , 文字要力求简洁、明了、准确。可以运用描写的方法来增加文章的可读性。另外 , 在说明事物时 , 语言易过于单调 , 若插入传说、趣事 , 或引用诗文、名人名言 , 或运用比喻、拟人、反问等修辞手法则可使语言生动形象 , 引人入胜。 - 68 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语。 difficult,interesting,impossible,beautiful,horrible,lovely,excellent,perfect,unique,magic,automatic,convenient,stable,abundant,delicate,nice on the right/ left,at the end of,at the opposite side,among,between,on top of,in front of,from ...to...,over there,on the west,at the corner,to the southeast of - 69 - 2. 常用句型 (1) 表示好处和坏处 It has the following advantages(disadvantages). It does us a lot of good. It is of great benefit to us. It has more disadvantages than advantages. It does us much harm. It is harmful to us. (2) 表示原因 There are three reasons for this. The reasons for this are as follows. The reason for this is that... We have good reason to believe.that ... - 70 - (3) 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 It is important( necessary,difficult,convenient,possible )for sb.to do sth . We think it necessary to do... It plays an important role in our life. (4) 表示变化 Some changes have taken place in the past five years. A great change will certainly be produced in the world ’ s communications. The computer has brought about many changes in education. - 71 - 四、写作模板 - 72 - 第二节 　 事理说明文 一、考试要求 事理说明文的主要命题形式为图表、图画和提纲。考题大多是说明一些浅显的、中学生所熟知的内容。说明的内容不是很复杂 , 所以主要的目的还是考查学生的英语语言运用能力。 二、写作技巧 事理说明文是与事物说明文相对应的一种说明文。它主要是介绍事物的发展规律、解释抽象的科学道理、阐述事物的概念等。事理说明文比事物说明文复杂 , 它要求写作者从事物的发展以及同其他事物的联系中全面深刻地说明事理 , 不仅要说明事物的特征、性质 , 还要说明其规律性 , 讲清其中的道理 , 即不仅要说明 “ 怎么样 ”, 而且要说明 “ 为什么 ” 。 - 73 - 事理说明文的写作需注意以下几点 : 1. 了解事理。可以通过亲自观察、研究或者向别人请教、查阅资料来了解事物的道理。只有自己先弄懂了道理 , 才可能向别人介绍。 2. 安排写作顺序。写事理说明文首先要遵循逻辑顺序 ( 事物的因果、递进等关系 ), 也就是事物的内在联系和认识事物的规律。逻辑顺序不但要运用在段落关系上 , 句子之间也要按照这种顺序来写。 3. 选用合适的写作方法。常用的写作方法包括下定义、举例子、列数字、引用、比较、分类等。 - 74 - 三、常用词句 1. 常用词语 research,survey,statement,study,meanwhile,because of,as a result of,thanks to,due to,owing to,therefore,as a result,to conclude,in a word,in brief,to sum up,not only...but also...,for example,...and so on,first (firstly)...,second (secondly)...,on one hand,on the other hand 2. 常用句型 (1) 表示事实、现状 We cannot ignore the fact that... No one can deny the fact that... There is no denying the fact that... This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. However,that ’ s not the case. - 75 - (2) 表示比较 Compared with A,B(is)... I prefer to read rather than watch TV. There is a striking contrast between them. (3) 表示看法 People have/take/adopt/assume different attitudes towards... People have different opinions on this problem. People take different views of(on)the question. Some people believe that...Others argue that... (4) 表示结论 In short/In a word,it can be said that... It may be briefly summed up as follows. From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that... - 76 - (5) 套语 It ’ s well known to us that... As is known to us,... This is a topic that is being widely talked about. From the graph/table/chart listed above,it can be seen that... As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.” 四、写作模板 - 77 - 第 2 步 　 真题试做 Writing 1 (2019· 广东 ) 你是李华 , 就读于国际学校。你写信给《英文早报》的编辑 Bob, 希望结识一位来自英语国家的笔友 (pen pal), 以便相互学习对方的语言和文化。你容易相处 , 熟悉中国历史 , 喜欢中国传统音乐。 内容要点 : (1) 写信目的 ; (2) 自我介绍 ; (3) 表示感谢。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80 左右 ; 2 . 开头和结尾已经给出 , 不算词数 ; 3 . 可以适当增加细节 , 并将开头与结尾抄写在答题卡上 , 以使行文连贯。 - 78 - Dear bob,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua - 79 - One possible version : Dear Bob,   My name is Li Hua, an international school student.I am writing the letter to you to help me to find a pen pal. I’m outgoing and easy-going boy, so I am fond of making friends.Now I want to make a pen pal from English-speaking country, from whom I can make a good command of English language and culture.At the same time, I would like to share my favorite history and Chinese traditional music with him. I would appreciate it if you can recommend a pen pal to me. Looking forward to your early reply.  Your sincerely,   Li Hua  - 80 - Writing 2 (2018· 广东 ) 假如你是李华 , 你的朋友 Robert 来信说要来中国学汉语 , 想了解你校情况。你回信告知对方 : 你校建于 1950 年 , 校园环境优美 , 有教学楼、图书馆、音乐舞蹈室、游泳池和运动场 , 而且你校的老师都很优秀 , 对学生很有耐心。 内容要点 : (1) 听说 Robert 要来你校学习 , 你很高兴 ; (2) 简单介绍你校情况 ; (3) 期待早日在中国见到 Robert 。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80 左右 ; 2 . 可以适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯 ; 3 . 开头和结尾已经给出 , 不算字数。 - 81 - One possible version : Dear Robert, I’m more than delighted to know that you are coming to China to study Chinese next term in your letter.Now I’m writing to tell you something about our school. Our school was founded in 1950 and has a history of nearly seventy years.It’s located in the north of our city and in front of it lies a wide river. There are teaching buildings, a library, dancing rooms, a swimming pool and a playground in our school.The whole school is surrounded with beautiful flowers and green trees, which makes our school very beautiful.If you come here, you will fall in love with it. What’s more, there are a large number of excellent teachers in our school, most of whom are learned and friendly to students.If you have any questions, they’re willing to lend you a hand. - 82 - Look forward to seeing you in China soon. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua - 83 - Writing 3 (2016· 广州 ) 你将参加某机构组织的英语作文比赛 , 主题是你的暑假 “ 旅行计划 ” 。获胜者可获得免费旅行机会。以下是三种可选择的旅行 : Tour One 文化之旅 (the Cultural Tour): 参观博物馆 (visit the museums) 游著名大学 (go to famous universities) 观看英语戏剧 (watch English plays) Tour Two 探险之旅 (the Adventure Tour): 登山 (go mountain climbing) 森林徒步 (go hiking in the forest) 游湖 (take a boat trip on the lake) - 84 - Tour Three 休闲之旅 (the Leisure Tour): 海边散步 (walk on the beach) 游泳 (go swimming) 休闲购物 (go shopping) 写作要求 : 1. 请选择其中一种旅行 , 向该机构写一篇文章 , 内容包括 : (1) 你在旅行中想做的事情 ( 含所列三点内容并适当发挥 ); (2) 说明这一旅行适合你的原因。 2. 约 120 词。文章的开头与结尾已给出 , 不计入词数。 ( 评分标准 ) 句子结构准确 , 信息内容完整 , 篇章结构连贯。 My Travel Plan If I am lucky enough to win the competition,I will choose the... - 85 - One possible version: My Travel Plan If I am lucky enough to win the competition,I will choose the Culture Tour, which contains the following attractions. When starting my tour, visiting the museums and famous universities should be at the top of my to-do list. Besides, I feel it exciting to watch English plays, such as comedies from Shakespeare. Apart from these, appreciating the places of interest will not be neglected. - 86 - The reason why this tour appeals to me is that it benefits me in various ways. To begin with, the tour will provide me with a better understanding of foreign culture. What ’ s more, by visiting famous universities and museums, not only can I broaden my horizons, but also I can acquire plenty of useful knowledge. Last but not least, I will get a pleasant experience, thus helping me release my study stress and anxiety. How I wish this plan could come true! - 87 - Writing 4 (2016· 湖南 ) 下面是某英语杂志栏目对羽毛球历史的介绍。请你参照这篇短文及提示 , 给该英语杂志栏目写一篇关于乒乓球历史的介绍。 History of badminton Badminton is played all over the world and it is an Olympic sport. It is played over the net within a court. The exact origin of badminton is not known. What we do know is that badminton began in India more than a hundred years ago. In the 1860s,it became a competition and then became popular. Later the game spread to England,the United States,China and some other countries. In 1992,it became one of the Olympic sports. Badminton is a safe but challenging sport. It is also fun to play it. I love this game! - 88 - 注意 :1. 可以适当发挥 , 以使行文连贯 ; 2. 词数 100 左右 ; 3. 要点提示 : - 89 - One possible version: History of table tennis Table tennis is an Olympic sport played all over the world. It is played over the net on a table. As we all know, table tennis has a history of about 300 years. Table tennis began in England in the 1890s. And it became popular in the 1920s. Later, it spread to other parts of Europe and Asia. In 1988, it became one of the Olympic sports. Many Chinese athletes, such as Deng Yaping , have made great contributions to this game. Table tennis is a safe but challenging sport. It is also enjoyable to play it with anyone we like. I love this game! - 90 - Writing 5 (2016· 广西 ) 假定你叫李华 , 是红星中学的学生。你的老师给你介绍一位美国笔友 Tom, 请用英文给他写一封邮件 , 介绍你的校园生活。内容必须包括 : 1. 自我介绍 ( 姓名、年龄、学校 ); 2. 学习情况 ( 介绍最喜欢的一门科目 ); 3. 课余活动 ( 如体育或艺术活动 ) 。 注意 : 1. 词数 100 左右 , 不允许出现真实的姓名和地名 ; 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已经给出 , 不计入总词数 ; 3. 可适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 - 91 - Dear Tom, It’s nice to make friends with you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 92 - One possible version: Dear Tom,   It ’ s nice to make friends with you. My name is Li Hua, a student from Hongxing High School in China, and I am seventeen years old. I ’ m writing to tell you about my school life.   We have lessons from Monday to Friday. The major subjects are Chinese, math, English and so on. Among these subjects, I like English the most. In order to improve it, I often read English stories. After class, there are various kinds of activities such as arts and sports. I often play basketball with my classmates, which makes me happy and healthy. My school life is colourful . What about yours? I ’ m looking forward to your reply.   Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 93 - Writing 6 (2016· 安徽 ) 假定你是李华 , 你的英国朋友 Simon 告诉你说他今年暑假打算来安徽旅游 , 希望你给他一些建议。请用英语给他回信 , 要点如下 : 1. 推荐他去黄山旅游观光 ; 2. 推荐理由 ; 3. 旅游注意事项。 注意 : 1. 词数 100 左右 ; 2. 可适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯 ; 3. 文中不能出现与本人相关的具体信息 ; 4. 开头语和结语已给出 , 不计入总词数。 参考词汇 : 日出 sunrise 　温泉 hot spring - 94 - Dear Simon, How is everything going?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             I’m looking forward to seeing you in Anhui. Yours, Li Hua - 95 - One possible version: Dear Simon:   How is everything going? I ’ m very glad to learn that you ’ re going to spend two days in Anhui this summer holiday.I guess Huangshan Mountain,one of the major tourist attractions in China,will be your first choice.It ’ s well-known for its sunrise,pine trees,hot springs and amazing views of clouds,to name but a few.You certainly won ’ t miss the chance to see it.   It ’ s necessary for you to take more clothes with you,for it ’ s much cooler in the mountain.Don ’ t forget to bring your umbrella in case it rains.And a good camera can help you take some really beautiful pictures. I ’ m looking forward to seeing you in Anhui.   Yours, Li Hua   - 96 - 第 3 步 　 模拟通关 Writing 1 (2019· 广东肇庆实验中学、高要新桥中学高二期末联考 ) 假定你是李华 , 得知你的外国笔友 Peter 获得了 “ 汉语桥 ” 世界大学生中文演讲比赛一等奖。你为他感到骄傲 , 并给他写一封祝贺信 , 要点如下 : 1 . 天天练习讲汉语 , 从不会到流利 , 终于成功 ; 2 . 继续努力 , 有机会来中国留学 ; 3 . 希望见面和交流。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80~100; 2 . 可以适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯 ; 3 . 开头语和结束语已为你写好。 参考词汇 :“ 汉语桥 ” 世界大学生中文演讲比赛 :“Chinese Bridge” Chinese speech contest - 97 - Dear Peter, I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of“Chinese Bridge”Chinese speech contest.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Sincere congratulations to you again! Yours, Li Hua - 98 - One possible version: Dear Peter,   I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of“Chinese Bridge”Chinese speech contest.   I know that you were not good at Chinese at first.However,you practiced speaking Chinese every day.As the saying goes,“Everything comes to him who waits.” Finally,you succeeded!In my mind,this match is very difficult for a foreign student.So I ’ m so surprised that you become champion of this competition.If you go on studying Chinese harder,you will have the opportunity to study in China.At last,I hope to see you and communicate with each other. Sincere congratulations to you again!   Yours, Li Hua   - 99 - Writing 2 (2019· 广东揭阳普宁华美实验学校高二月考 ) 假设你是高中生李华 , 你校校园网招收英文网络编辑 (web editor), 请根据以下提示 , 用英语写一封信向外籍主编 Chris 申请这一职位。要点包括 : 1 . 关心时事 , 对新闻工作感兴趣 ; 2 . 有做校刊记者的工作经历 ; 3 . 擅长英语 , 曾获校英语写作大赛一等奖。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80~100; 2 . 可适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 参考词汇 : 新闻业 , 新闻工作 journalism - 100 - One possible version: Dear Chris, I learned from the advertisement on our school website that a web editor is wanted.Quite interested in this position,I ’ m writing to apply for it. I think I am qualified for the post.First of all,I care a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism.Besides,I once worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year,which will surely help me do the job better.The most important of all,I ’ m good at English and got the first prize in the English Writing Competition in our school last term. - 101 - I would appreciate it if I could have a chance to work for you.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 102 - Writing 3 (2019· 广东中山三校联考 ) 假定你是李华 , 你校计划举办校园艺术节 , 请你用英文写一封邮件给曾经在学校任职过的外籍教师 Mr. Smith, 邀请他前来参加艺术节活动。内容包括 : 1 . 时间 :2018 年 2 月 1 日至 3 日 ; 2 . 参与人员和活动安排等。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80~100; 2 . 可以适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 - 103 - One possible version: Dear Mr. Smith, I ’ m pleased to tell you that an art festival will be held in our school. The festival will be held from February 1st to 3rd, in 2018. During the festival, there will be a concert, an art exhibition, a speech contest, a photo exhibition and a Chinese poetry recital competition. All the activities are organized by students. The music classes are in charge of the concert. The art exhibition is organized by our art classes. As your students, we know you like Chinese traditional culture and so we invite you to come to the festival. Your presence is really important for the festival. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 104 - Writing 4 (2019· 广东实验中学高二月考 ) 假定你是李华 , 刚在上周三学校举办的跳蚤市场里买了假货 , 所以你决定写一封信给相关部门进行投诉 , 内容大致包括 : 1 . 写信目的 ; 2 . 简单的事发经过 ; 3 . 希望跳蚤市场能杜绝假货 , 越办越好。 参考词汇 : 跳蚤市场 flea market 　假货 fake goods 注意 : 1 . 80~100 词 , 作文不要超过答题卷给定的范围 ; 2 . 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯 ; 3 . 开头语已经为你写好。 - 105 - Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua,a student from Senior Two.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Regards, Li Hua - 106 - One possible version: Dear Sir/Madam,   I am Li Hua, a student from Senior Two . Held last Wednesday, the flea market did appeal to many students in our school. However, I ’ m writing to you to complain about the fake goods I bought in it.   That day, I was wandering around the market when suddenly a beautiful-looking USB came to my sight. Then without hesitation, I bought it, only to find it out of function after using it just for a time or two. What ’ s worse, all my files in it were lost. So angry was I that I even promised myself never to go there. As far as I ’ m concerned, the goods of poor quality should be kept away from the flea market. Hope it can get better and better. Regards, Li Hua   - 107 - Writing 5 (2019· 广东三校高二期末联考 ) 假定你是李华 , 最近你在当地报纸上看到一则吉他培训班的广告 , 称其有称职老师 , 一个月包会。你想在暑假参加 , 请你写一封咨询信了解相关情况 , 要点如下 : 1. 具体时间和地点 ; 2. 条件和费用 ; 3. 其他事项。 注意 : 1. 词数 80~100; 2. 可以适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯 ; 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。 - 108 - Dear Sir/Madam, I have read your advertisement in the newspaper.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 109 - Dear Sir/Madam,   I have read your advertisement in the newspaper. You mentioned in it that your guitar teachers are fully qualified and you ensure that learners will be able to play the guitar after one month ’ s learning.   I love singing but I ’ ve never played musical instruments. So I ’ m interested in taking part in the course. Fortunately, the summer holiday is around the corner. I ’ m writing to inquire when and where the course will be given, and how long it will last each day. I also want to know how much you will charge me for that. Besides, would you be so kind as to tell me whether there is anything special that should be prepared or does your company provide everything necessary? - 110 - I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.   Yours sincerely,   Li Hua   - 111 - Writing 6 (2019· 浙江省宁波第三中学高二期中 ) 众所周知 , 勤俭节约是中华民族的优良传统 , 但根据调查 , 近几年来中学生每月的花销越来越高 , 根本没有节俭的概念。请就此现象写一篇 100 词左右的短文 , 要求如下 : 1. 简单阐述此现象 ; 2. 分析这一现象的原因 ; 3. 你的看法。 注意 : 文章开头已给出 , 不计入总词数。 参考词汇 :thrift n. 勤俭 According to a survey,in recent years monthly expenses of a middle school student have been on the sharp rise.   - 112 - One possible version: According to a survey, in recent years monthly expenses of a middle school student have been on the sharp rise. Many students have no concept of thrift in their mind. They take it for granted that they spend money from their parents. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the following factors.   First of all, nowadays most of the students are the only children of their families. They are the apple in their family ’ s eyes and naturally get more care and pocket money. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, parents can afford higher expenses of their children. Moreover, some students like to pursue fashion. - 113 - From my point of view, a middle school student, as a pure consumer, should learn to be thrifty. We should limit our expenses and not buy whatever we want regardless of their price. The habit of thrift can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development. - 114 - Writing 7 (2019· 四川成都石室中学高二期中 ) 每逢考试将近 , 艺术课、体育课便纷纷退出课程表 , 给文化课让路。请你根据下面的要点给某英文报社写一篇文章 , 就某些学校的这种做法进行评论。 1. 这种做法是错误的 ; 2. 这种做法的害处 ;( 两点害处 ) 3. 艺术课、体育课的益处。 注意 : 1 . 词数 80~100; 2 . 可以适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 - 115 - One possible version: It is wrong to cut out art and P.E. classes in time of examinations. For one thing, there is no distinction between art and P.E.classes and other subjects, so art and P.E. classes shouldn ’ t be paused to give way to other subjects. For another, it is likely that some students will lose interest in art or P.E. if the school officially does this. Most importantly, this practice is not scientific. As everyone can see, art lessons serve as a time to learn painting and drawing, which can help the students to relax and obtain some basic art skills. P.E. classes help the students build up their body, bringing more benefits to their future development. Therefore, it is not wise to cut out art and P.E. lessons. - 116 - Writing 8 (2019· 湖北孝感中学高二期末 ) 假设你是李华。正在你校就读的美国交换生汤姆在校园网上发帖 , 想找一个人作为假期游览北京的导游。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件 , 内容包括 : 1. 表明意愿 ; 2. 说明理由。 注意 :1. 词数 80 ~ 100( 开头和结尾已给出 , 但不计入总词数 ); 2. 可适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 - 117 - Dear Tom, I learned from your post that you are looking for a guide for your trip to Beijing during the vacation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Yours, Li Hua - 118 - Dear Tom,   I learned from your post that you are looking for a guide for your trip to Beijing during the vacation. I ’ m willing to guide you around the city.   I have been living in Beijing since I was born, so I know this city very well, including its public transportation, tourist attractions and local snacks. As I am very interested in the history and culture of Beijing, I have been to many famous tourist spots several times and I know them well, so I ’ m confident that I can give you a good introduction to them. In addition, I have a good command of English and am always ready enough to help you. Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua   - 119 - Writing 9 假定你是李国华 , 你班将接待一名英国交换生 Robert, 请你给他发一封电子邮件 , 简单介绍一下你们的班主任老师。要点如下 : 1. 热爱教学 , 关心学生 ; 2. 工作热情 , 和蔼可亲 ; 3. 学识渊博 , 风趣幽默 …… 注意 :1. 词数 80 ~ 100; 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出 , 不计入总词数 ; 3. 可适当增加细节 , 以使行文连贯。 - 120 - Dear Robert, I’m very glad to know that you will come to my class to study for a year.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Yours, Li Guohua - 121 - Dear Robert,   I ’ m very glad to know that you will come to my class to study for a year. I ’ d like to introduce our class teacher to you. He is enthusiastic about his teaching and loves his students very much.He is very strict in his work and very kind to his students. When his students turn to him for help, he is always patient enough and ready to help them with their problems. He is well received by us students and other teachers as a learned teacher with a sense of humor.   In a word, he is a good teacher who is wise, helpful and warm- hearted.I ’ m sure you ’ ll get along well with him and have a good time here. I ’ m looking forward to your coming! Yours, Li Guohua   - 122 - Writing 10 目前 , 学校存在着少数学生考试作弊的现象 , 对于高中学生来说 , 此现象更应引起重视。某英文杂志社拟就此现象向中学生征文 , 标题为 My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations 。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下 : 主要原因 : 考试偏多、偏难 ; 不用功、懒惰 ; 取悦父母、老师。 个人看法 : 作弊不对 ; 违反校规 ; 要诚实 , 要努力学习 ……( 其他看法 ) 。 注意 :1. 短文必须包括所有短文要点 , 可以适当发挥 ; 2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好 , 不计入总词数 ; 3. 词数 100 左右。 - 123 - My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. The main reasons are as follows: - 124 - My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. The main reasons are as follows:   Nowadays we students have too many examinations, some of which are too difficult for students to deal with.On the other hand, some students are lazy and don ’ t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to make their parents and teachers pleased. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. As students we should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What ’ s more, we can do well in examinations by improving our study methods and getting well prepared for examinations.