高考英语完形填空常考词汇总结+高考英语完形选项必认单词

高考英语完形填空常考词汇总结+高考英语完形选项必认单词

动词类：‎ ‎　　1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 ‎　　Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 see a film watch TV ‎　　2“说” telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流 Say sth诉说的内容 speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 Bargain讨价还价 chat聊天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨 ‎　　3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵 ‎　　4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达 question审问 ‎　　5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复 ‎　　6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到 ‎　　7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写 describe描写 drop a line 写信 draw画 ‎　　take down/write down写下，记下 ‎　　8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛，挑 (无方向性) fetch拿来拿去 lift举 Put放 lay 铺/放置 pull拉/push推 ‎　　9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠 ‎　　10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到 blow吹刮 ‎　　attack攻击 ‎　　11“扔” throw扔 drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇 ‎　　12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行 ‎　　13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠 /embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms ‎　　14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲 ‎　　15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入 move搬迁 drive开车 ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进 ‎　　16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠 ‎　　17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back仰卧/ on one side斜着/ on one’s stomach俯卧 stay in bed卧病在床 have a rest 休息一会儿take a nap打盹 be asleep bend turn over翻身 rest ‎　　18“笑” smile 微笑(不出声) laugh 嘲笑，笑声burst into laughter= burst out laughing忍不住大笑 ‎　　19“哭” cry vt.& vi.哭; 喊，叫; vt.哭着说 ‎ shed（vt 除掉 使流出 使脱落 n.小屋 车棚） tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying ‎　　20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找过程 find out查明 discover/explore 发现/探索 hunt for 寻找，搜索search for 为寻求seek寻求 寻找 / seek for ‎ in search of寻找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地 ‎　　Check检查，核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检 test检测，检验 inspect视察 ‎　　21“穿” put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up化装 ‎　　get changed换衣服 be in red 穿着红色的衣服Take off 脱 remove 去除 try on试穿 ‎　　22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal吃饭 have supper 吃晚饭toast ‎ 烤、敬酒taste品尝 ‎　　treat sb to请某人吃 help oneself to 随便吃 ‎　　23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess ‎　　24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见 gone不见(物) great loss die大规模死亡 die off相继死去 die away 逐渐消失 ‎　　25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess ‎　　26“无” nothing left 输得精光the remaining thing 剩下的东西disappear 消失be missing /gone失踪，丢失 ‎　　27“增/减” rise / go up /drop ‎　　人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease ‎　　28“买/卖” buy purchase 购买afford 支付得起pay支付 pay off 付清pay for 为。。。付钱sell卖 on sale廉价出售 bargain讨价还价 ‎　　Bill票据 / cheque支票 / cash/ credit card 信用卡notes票据/ coins 硬币discounts打折 ‎　　29“存在/消失”come into being形成，产生 exist 存在 appear出现 /survive幸存/ live活着 /show 显示/turn up出现/ disappear消失 /die /die out灭绝/ pass away去世 /be out of sight 看不见 ‎30“变化” develop发展 /improve改善/ become变得/ grow发展，生长/ go +bad /wrong/ sour 变坏，故障，变酸或不再受欢迎/without( negative adj.表示负面的一些不好的变化吧) turn + 颜色 /change /change into 变成/reform改革　　‎ ‎ 31“认识的过程”feel感觉/ sense 感觉/guess猜/ suppose猜想/ wonder怀疑/ doubt怀疑/ know知道 /learn学习 / realize 意识到/ understand理解/ remember记得/ be familiar with 对...熟悉/recall 回想起/recite 背诵/apply to致力于 ‎　　32“成功/失败” make it 做到，好转 /succeed成功 /make progress 取得进步/come true实现 /realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想 /win 胜利/lose 失败/fail to do没能做，未做 /failure失败 /defeat 战胜，击败/suffer 容忍，变差/ /beat打败 /turn sth. into reality 把什么变成现实 ‎　　33“努力” try 努力/manage 设法/make efforts 作出努力/attempt 试图/do ones best 尽最大的努力/as much as one can to do 尽某人最大努力 ‎34祝贺 congratulations on sth/to sb 祝贺某事/某人 celebrate/ observe 庆祝 get together 聚会 ‎　　35赞美/批评 praise 赞扬think highly of 对。。高度评价/ blame sb for sth因。。责备某人/ sb is to blame某人该受责备 ‎　　criticize批评 /scold sb. for sth. 责骂某人做某事have a low opinion of sb评价甚低；轻视；瞧不起 Speak ill of说某人坏话 ‎36喜/恶 like喜欢，爱好love爱be fond of喜欢be keen on热衷；喜爱be crazy about喜欢。。adore敬爱，崇敬prefer…doing喜欢enjoy欣赏，喜欢dislike不喜欢unlike不同hate厌恶awful极坏的disgusting令人讨厌的ignore忽视turn off　　‎ ‎37判断 think认为 believe 相信 consider 认为，考虑 find 发现 feel 感觉 conclude 推断 infer 推理 doubt怀疑 ‎　　38到达 arrive at/ reach/get to 到达/ return to返回到某个地方，状态 stay in sp待在某个地方 visit访问;探望;参观;游览 leave离开 leave for离开去某地 on one’s way to在某人去 ‎1. on one’s way to do中的to do作目的状语，短语意思为“在去做某事的路上”，也就是赶路去做某事，这里的“路”‎ 可是货真价实的路，土路、水泥路、柏油路等等，绝不是抽象意义上的路。‎ 例句1：She was on her way to do some shopping when she was knocked down by a car.（参见《英语搭配大辞典》）‎ 试译：她在去购物的路上被车撞倒了。‎ ‎2. on one’s way to doing中的to doing引出的是某个过程的结果，短语意思为“接近做某事”，也就是说这里的路是抽象意义上的路，是一个过程。‎ 例句2：He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company.（参见《现代英语用法词典》）‎ 试译：他就快当上公司的高管了。‎ 巧合的是，Macmillan English Dictionary与《现代英语用法词典》上给出的例句用的都是动词becoming。‎ 从上例我们也可以看到，on one’s way to doing可以被well修饰，强调“就快做某事”。‎ 两者的区别说起来似乎有些复杂，其实也有个简单的辨别办法。因为on one’s way to do中的不定式是目的，而不是目的地，我们就可以在way后面加上to someplace，而on one’s way to doing则加不了。也就是说，能在way后面补上目的地（+to someplace）的就接不定式，否则就接动名词。‎ 例句1就可以改写为：She was on her way to the supermarket to do some shopping when she was knocked down by a car.（试译：她在去超市购物的路上被车撞倒了。）‎ 很明显，只有在货真价实的路上她才能被撞，或者碰见老朋友之类的。‎ 总之，两者的区别主要来源于意义，即具体和抽象的区别。‎ 拓展：go back与return等用法类似。 ‎ upon one’s arrival on doing sth某人一到达就做一些事情 ‎　　39受伤 hurt/ injured /wound /cut受伤 kill drown淹死 bleed 流血get burnt 遭殃suffer from遭受suffer a loss受损失 ‎40损坏 damage 损坏，destroy 摧毁 破坏，ruin毁灭 糟蹋（n.废墟） break down分解 发生故障 失败…… be broken这个应该是被动语态吧 被打碎 被中断 crash撞击 崩溃 破产 ‎41修复 repair 修复/rebuild 复原/ restore 恢复/ fix 修理/ recover oneself 恢复正常 ‎　　42支持/反对 agree 同意 disagree 不同意 accept接受 receive 接受 refuse 拒绝 turn down 拒绝、关小调低、比率减少 ‎　　43 做饭 cook做饭；厨师 wash 洗 cut切 chop 砍 boil煮 fry煎 steam 水汽 make 制作 mix 混合 clean 清洁 brush 刷 cover 覆盖 uncover 揭开 cooker 炊具 ‎　　44 建议 advise suggest recommend/ urge 催促; 推进，驱策; 力劝，规劝; 极力主张propose 提议，建议; 打算，计划demand persuade 说服 ‎　　45 花费 sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth ‎　　It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one’s expense ‎　　46 省/存钱 save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/ time ‎47 参加 take part in参加 join 参加 join in参加 attend出席 compete竞争compete in 在...方面竞争 compete for为了...竞争 compete against 和...竞赛　　‎ ‎48控告 accuse sb. of 指控某人charge sb. With控告某人做某事 ‎　　49 救治 help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat过程 / cure 结果sb. Of sth ‎　　Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth ‎50敬佩 admire赞美/respect尊重/show respect for对...表示尊重/to adore envy 爱慕嫉妒/jealousy嫉妒/in honor of为了向…表示敬意　　‎ ‎51逃避 ran away/ flee /逃跑escape from 从……中逃出 hide隐藏 ‎　　52 阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth forbid doing sth. Ban prohibit ‎　　53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth solve settle ‎　　54 效仿 copy imitate learn from learn ‎　　54 爆发/发生 come about happen to take place break out ‎　　burst out go off explosion ‎　　55安装/装备 fasten fix set equip ‎　　be armed with 用什么武装 be equipped with装备有 ‎　　56 追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上 ‎　　57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as把什么看成 think about想起 consider ‎　　think over仔细考虑 be concerned 担心 be considerate towards sb.‎ ‎　　58 打算 plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do ‎　　59 似乎/好象 seem appear look like as if as though ‎　　60 开办/关闭 open start set up close/close up end close down ‎　　名词类 ‎　　1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off ‎　　2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking ‎　　3职务人员 clerk职员，办事员；书记；店员；记账员 waitress女服务生 secretary秘书；书记；部长；大臣 friend朋友；助手；赞助者 passer-by过路人、经过者 minister部长；大臣；牧师 customer顾客 manager经理；管理人员guest客人；顾客；宾客 host主人；主持人hostess女主人，女老板；女服务员；舞女；女房东 adult成年人 Assistant助手；助理；助教 neighbor邻居 relative亲戚；亲属 Patient病人；患者 vet兽医 staff职员 crew船员 nurse护士；保姆teacher老师；导师conductor售票员；管理人；领导者 tailor裁缝 Sailor水手；海员 inventor发明家 gardener园丁；花匠；园艺家 Guard守卫；警卫 ‎　　4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin ‎　　5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient ‎　　6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.‎ ‎　　7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist ‎　　8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy ‎　　9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud ‎　　Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable ‎　　10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness ‎　　11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith ‎　　12方式 means method way manner approach ‎　　13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight ‎　　14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图 ‎　　15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of ‎　　16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree ‎　　Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks ‎　　17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony ‎　　18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommendation ‎　　19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth ‎　　20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike ‎　　give sb. a lift/ride ‎　　21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)‎ ‎　　22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense ‎　　23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow ‎　　24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off ‎　　25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/‎ ‎　　26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of ‎　　27事件 incident, accident　 incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故 ‎　　形容词类 ‎　　1人的各种感受 ‎　　乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused ‎　　悲 sad unhappy painful bitter ‎　　平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful ‎　　烦bother bored be fed up with ‎　　震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed ‎　　怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid ‎　　失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed ‎　　满意be satisfied with /be content to do ‎　　生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage ‎　　2 表程度的副词类 ‎　　narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite ‎　　Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far ‎　　Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus ‎　　….‎ ‎　　易考的近义词组 ‎　　Run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match ‎　　Hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer ‎　　Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do ‎　　Fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account ‎　　Cause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ for ‎　　Last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide ‎　　Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range ‎　　Provide/supply/offer/ give/send 高考英语完形选项必认单词 gain vt. 获得， 增加 concentrate vi. 集中（思想、注意力等）‎ connection n. 联系， 连接 accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 predict vt. 预言，预测deserve vt. 应得，值得 disability n. 残疾；无能力 athletic adj. 喜爱运动的 desire n. 渴望，欲望 assistant n. 助手 bleed vi. 流血 astronomy n. 天文学allergic adj. 过敏的 ， glare v. 怒视，瞪 grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住要做某事 devote vt. 献身于， 专心致志于 insurance n. 保险， charge vt. 收费，要价 take charge of 接管， 控制，consult vt. 请教，查阅， casual adj, 随意的，非正式的， make out 假装nursery n. 托儿所，保育室， moral n. 道德， overcome vt. 克服，战胜 inspect v. 仔细检查 pay off 得到好结果，取得成功， commit vt. 投入 constantly adv. 不断地 beneath adv. 在底下， hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇 multiply v. 乘；大量增加， dynamic adj. 精力充沛的， bother v. 打扰，烦扰 booming adj. 迅速增长的，迅速发展的 arithmetic n. 算术 distinguish vt. 区别，辨别；表现突出 in addition 此外， simplify vt. 简化 qualification n. 资格，资历， secure adj. 稳定的，无忧无虑的 lay off 裁员，conservative adj. 保守的，旧式的 alternative adj. 可选择的，另类的 worthwhile adj. 值得努力的， be accustomed to 习惯于 bureaucratic adj. 官僚的 beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的 assume vt. 假定，假设 高考英语易混淆词对比：the people, a people the people, a people 　　‎ the people 指人; 　　‎ a people 指民族，例：The Chinese is a peace-loving people.‎ it, one 　　‎ it 同一物体; 　　‎ one 同类不同一，例：I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.‎ that, this 　　‎ that 指代上文所提到的;例：I was ill. That's why… 　　‎ this 导出下文所要说的。‎ none, nothing, no one 　　‎ none 强调有多少; 　　‎ nothing, no one 强调有没有;nothing 指物，no one 指人。‎ anyone, any one 　　‎ anyone 指人，不能接of; 　　‎ any one 指人物均可，可接of 例：any one of you who, what 　　‎ who 指姓名或关系; 　　‎ what 指职业或地位，例：What is your dad? He is a teacher.‎ what, which 　　‎ what 的选择基础是无限制的; 　　‎ which 在一定范围内进行选择，例：Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?‎ other, another 　　‎ other 后接名词复数，例：other students 　　‎ another 后接名词单数，例：another student not a little, not a bit 　　‎ not a little 非常; 　　‎ not a bit 一点也不，例：I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累 many, much, a lot of 　　‎ many 和可数名词连用，例：I don’t have many books. 　　‎ much 和不可数名词连用; 　　‎ a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句。‎ much more…than, many more…than 　　‎ much more…than 后接形容词或不可数名词，例：much more water, much more beautiful 　　many more…than 后接可数名词，例：many more people no, not 　　‎ no=not a/any 　　‎ 例：no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water no more than, not more than 　　‎ no more than 相当于only，仅仅，只有; 　　‎ not more than 至多，不超过。‎ majority, most 　　‎ majority 只能修饰可数名词，例：the majority of people 　　‎ most 可数不可数均可。‎ ‎ ‎ by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself 　　‎ by oneself 单独的，独自的; 　　‎ for oneself 为自己; 　　‎ to oneself 供自己用的; 　　‎ of oneself 自行的，自动的，例：The door opened of itself.‎ at all, after all 　　‎ at all 根本，全然; 　　‎ after all 到底，毕竟，例：After all he is a child.‎ tall, high 　　‎ tall 常指人或动物，例：He is tall. 　　‎ high 常指物体。‎ fast, quickly 　　‎ fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，例：run fast 　　‎ quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，例：answer the question quickly high, highly 　　‎ high 具体的**ighly 抽象的高，高度的，例：think highly of healthy, healthful 　　‎ healthy 健康的，健壮的; 　　‎ healthful 有益于健康的，例：healthful exercise sleeping, asleep,sleepy 　　‎ sleeping 正在睡觉，例：a sleeping baby 　　‎ asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，例：The baby is asleep. 　　‎ sleepy 困的，有睡意的，例：I'***eepy.‎ gold, golden 　　‎ gold 指真金制品，例：a gold ring 　　‎ golden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish most, mostly 　　‎ most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，例：most people 　　‎ mostly 大部分，是副词，例：the people are mostly…‎ just, very 　　‎ just 表强调时是副词，作状语，例：just the man 　　‎ very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语，例：the very man wide, broad 　　‎ wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离; 　　‎ broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，例：broad shoulders wide, broad 　　‎ wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离; 　　‎ broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，例：broad shoulders respectful, respectable 　　‎ respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，例：be respectful to the aged 　　‎ respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的。‎ outwards, outward 　　‎ 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面; 　　‎ outward 还可用作形容词，例：an outward voyage pleasant, pleased, pleasing 　　‎ pleasant 常用作定语; 　　‎ pleased, pleasing 常用作表语; 　　‎ pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物，例：a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.‎ understanding, understandable 　　‎ understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，例：an understanding girl 　　‎ understandable 可理解的，能够懂的，例：an understandable mistake close, closely 　　‎ close 接近，靠近，例：stand close 　　‎ closely 紧紧地，紧密地，例：closely connected ill, sick 　　‎ ill 做表语; 　　‎ sick 定语、表语均可，例：a sick boy good, well 　　‎ good 形容词; 　　‎ well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词，例：He is well again.‎ quiet, silent, still 　　‎ quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音; 　　‎ silent 不发出声音，但可以动; 　　‎ still 完全不动，完全无声响，例：He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。‎ hard, hardly 　　‎ hard 努力，例：work hard 　　‎ hardly 几乎不，例：I can hardly believe it.‎ able, capable 　　‎ able 与不定式to do连用; 　　‎ capable 与of连用，例：He is capable of doing…‎ almost, nearly 　　‎ 二者均为“几乎，差不多”，和否定词连用用almost，例：almost nobody。‎ late, lately 　　‎ late 迟，晚; 　　‎ lately 最近，近来 例：I haven't seen him lately.‎ excited, exciting 　　‎ excited 使人兴奋的，例：I'm excited. 　　‎ exciting 令人兴奋的，例：The news is exciting deep, deeply 　　‎ deep 具体的深，例：dig deep 　　‎ deeply 抽象的深，深深地，例：deeply moved aloud, loud 　　‎ aloud 出声地，例：read aloud 出声地读 　　‎ loud 大声地 worth, worthy 　　‎ 二者均为值得，worth后接doing; 　　‎ worthy后接to be done, of being done; 　　‎ 例：It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.‎ bad, badly 　　‎ bad 形容词，例：go bad 　　‎ badly 副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为“很，非常”，例：I need the book badly.‎ before long, long before 　　‎ before long 不久以后; 　　‎ long before 很久以前; 　　‎ 例：not long before = before long quite, rather 　　‎ quite 完全地，相当于completely，例：quite impossible 　　‎ rather 修饰比较级 happy, glad 　　‎ happy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，例：a happy girl 　　‎ glad 高兴，只能做表语 instead, instead of 　　‎ instead 是副词，放在句首或句末，例：He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. 　　instead of 是介词短语，放在句中，例：He watched TV instead of seeing a film.‎ ‎ ‎ too much, much too 　　‎ too much 后接不可数名词; 　　‎ much too 后接形容词，例：much too heavy be about to, be going to, be to do 　　‎ be about to 表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语; 　　‎ be going to 侧重打算，想法; 　　‎ be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排 例：I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)‎ raise, rise 　　‎ raise 及物动词; 　　‎ rise 不及物动词，例：The sun rises in the east.‎ bring, take, carry, fetch 　　‎ bring 拿来; 　　‎ take 带走; 　　‎ carry 随身携带; 　　‎ fetch 去回这一往返动作，例：fetch a box of chalk spend, take, pay, cost 　　‎ spend 人做主语，花钱，花时间，spend…on sth./in doing sth; 　　‎ take 物做主语，花时间; 　　‎ pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for; 　　‎ cost 物做主语，花钱。‎ join, join in, take part in 　　‎ join 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员，例：He joined the army five years ago. 　　‎ join in 参加小型的活动，join sb. in; 　　‎ take part in 参加大型的活动。‎ learn, study 　　‎ learn 学习，侧重学习的结果; 　　‎ study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究，例：study the problem go to sea, by sea 　　‎ go to sea 当海员，出航; 　　‎ by sea 乘船，由海路;by the sea 在海边。‎ the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher 　　‎ the doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师; 　　‎ the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师。‎ in office, in the office 　　‎ in office 在职的，例：He is in office, not out of office. 　　‎ in the office 在办公室里。‎ in bed, on the bed 　　‎ in bed 卧在床上，例：He is ill in bed. 　　‎ on the bed 在床上，例：The book is on the bed.‎ in charge of, in the charge of 　　‎ in charge of 管理，负责照料，例：He is in charge of the matter. 　　‎ in the charge of 由……照料，例：The matter is in the charge of her.‎ in a word, in words 　　‎ in a word 总之，一句话，例：In a word, you are right. 　　‎ in words 口头上。‎ in place of, in the place of 　　‎ in place of 代替; 　　‎ in the place of 在…地方，例：A new building is built in the place of the old one.‎ in secret, in the secret 　　‎ in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语; 　　‎ in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语，例：My mother was in the secret from the beginning.‎ a girl, one girl 　　‎ a girl 可泛指所有女孩; 　　‎ one girl 一个女孩，例：Can one girl carry such a big box?‎ take a chair, take the chair 　　‎ take a chair 相当于sit down坐下; 　　‎ take the chair 开始开会。‎ for a moment, for the moment 　　‎ for a moment 片刻，一会儿，例：Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 　　‎ for the moment 暂时，一时。‎ next year, the next year 　　‎ next year 将来时间状语; 　　‎ the next year 过去将来时间状语，例：He said he would go abroad the next year.‎ more than a year, more than one year 　　‎ more than a year 一年多; 　　‎ more than one year 超过一年(两年或三年等)。‎ take advice, take the(one's) advice 　　‎ take advice 征求意见; 　　‎ take the advice 接受忠告 例：He refused to take the advice and failed again.‎ take air, take the air 　　‎ take air 传播，走漏; 　　‎ take the air 到户外去，散步 例：We take the air every day.‎ a number of, the number of 　　‎ a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数; 　　‎ the number of… ……的数目，谓语动词用单数。例：The number of students is increasing.‎ in front of, in the front of 　　‎ in front of 范围外的前面; 　　‎ in the front of 范围内的前面 例：In the front of the room sits a boy.‎ of the day, of a day 　　‎ of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，例：a famous scientist of the day; 　　‎ of a day 暂时的，不长久的。‎ three of us, the three of us 　　‎ three of us 我们(不止三个)中的三个; 　　‎ the three of us 我们三个(就三个人)例：The three of us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.‎ by bus, on the bus 　　‎ by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，例：They went there by bus. 　　‎ on the bus 表范围。‎ chick, chicken 　　‎ 二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉;例：The chicken is delicious.‎ telegram, telegraph 　　‎ 当电报解时，telegram指具体的;例：a telegram 　　‎ telegraph指抽象的;例：by telegraph trip, journey, travel, voyage 　　‎ travel 是最常用的; 　　‎ trip 指短期的旅途;例：a three-day trip 　　‎ journey 指稍长的旅途; 　　‎ voyage 指海上航行。‎ sport, game 　　‎ sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等;例：His favorite sport is swimming. 　　‎ game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。‎ cook, cooker 　　‎ cook 厨师，例：He is a good cook. 　　‎ cooker 厨具。‎ damage, damages 　　‎ damage 不可数名词，损害，损失; 　　‎ damages 复数形式，赔偿金，例：$900 damages police, policeman 　　‎ police **的总称，后接复数谓语动词，例：The police are questioning everyone in the house. 　　‎ policeman 指某个具体的**。‎ problem, question 　　‎ problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise; 　　‎ question 常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。‎ man, a man 　　‎ man 人类; 　　‎ a man 一个男人，例：Man will conquer nature.‎ speech, talk, lecture 　　‎ speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说; 　　‎ talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话; 　　‎ lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课，例：a series of lecture on…‎ officer, official 　　‎ officer 部队的军官，例：an army officer 　　‎ official 政府官员。‎ work, job 　　‎ 二者均指工作。 　　‎ work 不可数;job 可数，例：a good job couple, pair 　　‎ couple 主要指人或动物; 　　‎ pair 多指由两部分组成的东西，例：a pair of trousers country, nation, state, land 　　‎ country 侧重指版图，疆域; 　　‎ nation 指人民，国民，民族; 　　‎ state 侧重指政府，政体; 　　‎ land 国土，国家，例：The whole nation was sad at the news.‎ course, subject 　　‎ course 课程(可包括多门科目)，例：a summer course 　　‎ subject 科目(具体的学科)‎ custom, habit 　　‎ custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do; 　　‎ habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. 例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.‎ cause, reason 　　‎ cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth; 　　‎ reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late exercise, exercises, practice 　　‎ exercise 运动，锻炼(不可数); 　　‎ exercises 练习(可数); 　　‎ practice(反复做的)练习，例：Practice makes perfect.‎ class, lesson 　　‎ 作“课”解时，两者可以替换。 　　‎ 指课文用lesson，例：Lesson 6，第6课; 　　‎ 指班级或全体学生用class，例：Class 5，5班。‎ photo, picture, drawing 　　‎ photo 用照相机拍摄的照片; 　　‎ picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， 例：Let's go and see a good picture. 　　drawing 画的画。‎ vocabulary, word 　　‎ vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，例：He has a large vocabulary. 　　‎ word 具体的单词。‎ population, people 　　‎ population 人口，人数，例：China has a large population. 　　‎ people 具体的人。‎ weather, climate 　　‎ weather 一天内具体的天气状况; 　　‎ climate 长期的气候状况，例：The climate here is not good for you.‎ road, street, path, way 　　‎ road 具体的公路，马路，例：take this road 　　‎ street 街道，例：in the street 　　‎ path 小路，小径; 　　‎ way 道路，途径，例：Show me the way to the museum.‎ clothes, cloth, clothing 　　‎ clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数; 　　‎ cloth 指布，为不可数名词; 　　‎ clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of incident, accident 　　‎ incident 指小事件; 　　‎ accident 指不幸的事故，例：He was killed in the accident.‎ amount, number 　　‎ amount 后接不可数名词; 　　‎ number 后接可数名词，例：a number of students family, house, home 　　‎ home 家，包括住处和家人; 　　‎ house 房子，住宅; 　　‎ family 家庭成员，例：My family is a happy one.‎ sound, voice, noise 　　‎ sound 自然界各种各样的声音; 　　‎ voice 人的嗓音; 　　‎ noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.‎