语法填空三——从句复习高考英语百日突围系列

语法填空三——从句复习高考英语百日突围系列

‎ 语法填空（三）——从句复习 方法与知识 艺体生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型；2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3.精选难度适中的训练题。‎ 定语从句 命题规律 ‎ 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。‎ 定语从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）关系代词引导的定语从句 ①who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。‎ ②which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。‎ ③whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。‎ ‎（2）关系副词引导的定语从句 ①关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。‎ 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。‎ ②the way后面的定语从句的关系词。‎ ‎ 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。‎ ‎（3）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ① “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。‎ ② “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。‎ ③ “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) ‎ 需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。‎ ‎（4）as和which引导的定语从句 ① as引导的限制性定语从句 关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。‎ b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。‎ c. as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。‎ ‎（5）定语从句中的主谓一致 ①关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ②“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。‎ 名词性从句 命题规律 名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。‎ 名词性从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）名词性从句的连接词 ①连接词that，whether和if I. ‎ 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。‎ II. whether与if的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。‎ 在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。‎ ②连接代词 引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what， which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。‎ ③连接副词 引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。‎ ‎（2）主语从句 ①主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。‎ ②that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。‎ I. It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句 II. It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 III. It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从句 IV. It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。‎ b. ‎ 在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ ‎（3）宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。‎ ①动词的宾语从句 I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。‎ 注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。‎ II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。‎ ②一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。‎ 注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。‎ b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。.Com]‎ ③sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。‎ ‎（4）表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：‎ ①主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”的形式。‎ ②主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。‎ ③because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。‎ ‎（5）同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。‎ ①能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。‎ ②同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。‎ ③有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。‎ ‎（6）名词性从句的几个难点 ①that通常不可省略的四种情况：‎ I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。‎ II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。‎ III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。‎ IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。‎ ②what与that的区别：‎ what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。‎ 状语从句 命题规律 考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as， when， while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。‎ 状语从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）时间状语从句 ① when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。‎ ② while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。‎ ③ as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。‎ ④ as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”‎ ‎。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。‎ ⑤before/since a. 表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就……”。‎ b. It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。‎ c. since的常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) ‎ ⑥until/till ‎ 主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。‎ ‎（2）地点状语从句 ① 通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。‎ ② 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。‎ ③ where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。‎ ‎ where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。‎ ‎（3）条件状语从句 ① 通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。‎ ②由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎（4）让步状语从句 ① 让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever...)，whether...or...，no matter who (when，what...) 等引导。‎ ② while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。‎ ‎（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句 ① 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。‎ ② 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。‎ ‎（6）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。‎ 特殊句式 命题规律 从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。‎ 特殊句式基本考点：‎ ‎（1）倒装句 ① 完全倒装 a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。‎ b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。‎ ② 部分倒装 a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。‎ b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time， under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。‎ c. 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。‎ d. hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。‎ e. 在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。‎ f. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序) ‎ ‎（2）强调句型 ① 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”‎ ‎。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。‎ ② 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。‎ ③ 如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。‎ ④ do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。‎ ‎（3）省略 ①在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。‎ ②I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。‎ ③不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。‎ 注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher.‎ ‎【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。‎ ‎【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”‎ ‎【解析】nor 并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。‎ ‎【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.‎ ‎【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I ‎ realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.‎ ‎【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。‎ ‎【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.‎ ‎【解析】that　引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。‎ ‎【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.‎ ‎【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。‎ ‎【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.‎ ‎【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。‎ ‎【例9】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。‎ ‎【例10】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.‎ ‎【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。‎ ‎【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ ‎【解析】until/till 表示“一直到……”。‎ ‎【例12】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ ‎【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？‎ ‎(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。‎ ‎(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。‎ 体验高考 ‎2016·四川卷] ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The giant panda 1.________ (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3.________ (care) mother.For 25 days, she never left her baby，not even to find something 4.________ (eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6.________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7.________ more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed 8.________ (it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years，the mother 9.________ (drive) the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，10.________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ 解析]‎ ‎1. is loved　考查时态和语态。大熊猫被全世界人们所喜爱。故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎2. recently　考查副词。根据句子意思以及句子结构可知，此处应使用副词recently表示“最近”。‎ ‎3. caring/careful　考查形容词。修饰名词mother应用形容词；而care的形容词可以是caring(体贴的)或careful(小心的)。‎ ‎4. to eat　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作不定代词something的后置定语，指“可以吃的东西”。‎ ‎5. enemies　考查名词。natural enemies“天敌”，且此处应使用复数形式。‎ ‎6. When/If　考查连词。当/如果它哭……。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【河南省濮阳市2017届高三第一次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。]‎ British children generally learn how to ride a bike at a young age after ____1___ （teach）by their parents. However, that rule doesn’t apply ____2___ me. It’s not my dad’s fault—he tried to teach me. One of my earliest ____3___（memory）is falling from my bike and getting my legs hurt. I definitely didn’t want to repeat that. Time passed and ____4___ I couldn’t ride a bike never affected my life in high school because I lived close enough to walk to school. I never felt like I was missing out ____5___ I couldn’t go on a bike ride with my friends in Byron Bay because I was only confident that I could ride in ____6___ straight line. So when the opportunity came up ____7___（cycle）the wall of Xi’an, I wanted to prove to ____8___ （me）that I could do it. With the help of a friend, I got on the bike. However, I had absolutely no idea how to start! I was instructed to push off with one foot hard. It ____9___（sound） simple but just would not happen. I fell off and landed ____10___（heavy）on the ground before hitting a Chinese tourist. At 22 years old, I finally learnt how to ride a bike.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.being taught ‎62.to ‎63.memories ‎64.that ‎ ‎65.until/till ‎66.a ‎67.to cycle ‎ ‎68.myself ‎ ‎69.sounded ‎70.heavily ‎63.memories 句意：我最早的记忆之一。可知用名词复数形式，故填memories。‎ ‎64.that 句意：我不能骑自行车从来没影响我高中的生活。此处是that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎65.until/till 句意：我从来没有觉得我错过了什么直到我不能和我的朋友在Byron Bay骑自行车。根据句意可知填until/till。‎ ‎66.a 句意：在一条直线上。故填a。‎ ‎67.to cycle 此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故填to cycle。‎ ‎68.myself 句意：我要证明我自己。故填myself。‎ ‎69.sounded 句意：这听起来很简单。Sound听起来，此处是连系动词，根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填sounded。‎ ‎70.heavily 副词修饰动词，故填heavily。‎ ‎2. 【湖北省荆门市2017届高三元月调考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I was in the seventh grade. In a school of 1 ( main ) white students, I didn’t fit in anywhere. I was one of the four Asia students, so I ended up hanging out with other 2 ‎ ‎(minority). During every lunch period, I would play a card game with one of my closest friends, Evan and tell 3 everything.‎ One afternoon, I was walking with Evan. As we turned a corner, Evan stopped 4 ‎ ‎( talk ) to me, “ Why are you talking to me? I am not your friend.” Then he kept walking and never looked back. 5 ( shock ) by his words, I stood with tears in my eyes .‎ We didn’t speak to each other after that, and I didn’t get close to anyone for fear of 6 ‎ ‎( hurt ) again. It wasn’t until in high school 7 I began to trust other people again. What ‎ Evan said that day made me realize that I could make friends but I must be careful in choosing ‎ 8 whom I open up.‎ If that incident 9 (happen), I wouldn’t have made new friends in high school and met the people who 10 (be ) my best friends now.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. mainly ‎ ‎2. minorities ‎ ‎3. him ‎ ‎4. to talk ‎ ‎5. Shocked ‎6. being hurt ‎ ‎7. that ‎ ‎8. to ‎ ‎9. hadn’t happened ‎ ‎10. are ‎4. to talk 考查固定用法。Stop to do：停下来做另一件事，此处是停止走路跟我说话，故用to talk。‎ ‎5. Shocked 考查非谓语动词。Shock和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用shocked。‎ ‎6. being hurt 考查非谓语动词。此处意为害怕被伤害，用被动含义，of是介词，故后面动词要用动名词，答案为being hurt。‎ ‎7. that 考查连词。此处为强调句型：it was ……that……。‎ ‎8. to 考查固定搭配。此处为固定搭配，open up to：打开心扉。故填to。‎ ‎9. hadn’t happened ‎ 考查虚拟语气。此处为虚拟语气，且是对过去情况下的虚拟，且意为否定的，故填hadn’t happened。‎ ‎10. are考查时态和主谓一致。根据now可知是现在时，根据先行词可知主语是复数，故谓语用are。‎ ‎3. 【四川省成都市2017届高三第一次诊断】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。.Com]‎ ‎ Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son. decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River 1 (prevent) flooding. 2 having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain 3 (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily.‎ ‎ It is the 4 (old) and only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world. It is also 5 wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were____6 (science)designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.‎ ‎ There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, 7 you can clearly see the entire system. The great 8 (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手)were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9 (visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow 10 (hang) over the river.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. to prevent ‎2. After ‎ ‎3. has been ‎4. oldest ‎5. a ‎6. scientifically ‎7. where ‎8. construction ‎9. visitors ‎10. hanging ‎2. After 考查副词。此处意为在长期努力研究之后，故填After。‎ ‎3. has been考查时态。根据since then这个时间状语，以及and连接前后部分时态保持一致的原则，此处填has been。‎ ‎4. oldest考查最高级。此处意为最古老的且仅存的无坝灌溉系统。‎ ‎5. a考查冠词。此处意为一个奇迹，泛指，用a。‎ ‎6. scientifically考查副词。此处为副词修饰动词design，故填scientifically。‎ ‎7. where考查连词。此处为非限制性定语从句，句子缺少状语，先行词表地点，故用where。‎ ‎8. construction考查名词。根据句意此处填名词，故用construction。‎ ‎9. visitors考查名词。此处是指国内外的游客，用visitors。‎ ‎10. hanging考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语，与逻辑主语rainbow之间是主动关系，用hanging。‎ ‎4. 【湖南省株洲市2017届高三上学期教学质量检测（一）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Language of Love Music is a universal language, which has the most powerful magic in the world. Music is a sweet language to show love to those who love us and those who 1. _______ (love) by us. Music is also a friendly language for unfamiliar people to show kindness. It is living everywhere and all the time in our daily life.‎ I learned this while 2. _____ (take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook( 挂钩 ). After calling the wildlife rescue center and learning that all its 3. ______ (vehicle) were out on other business, I carefully 4. ___ (wrap) the wild bird in a towel and carried him to my friend’s car. The only way 5. ______ (keep) him calm was by singing. For 30 minutes, I sang 6. ______(soft) to the small creature until finally delivering him 7. _______those who could help.‎ ‎ I’m not certain 8. _______ happened afterward, but for that brief period, we two vastly different species connected, bridging 9. _______ gap between us through songs.‎ ‎10. ______ doesn’t matter whether there will be difficulties in communication，for love is always the theme of each piece of music.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. are loved ‎ ‎2. taking ‎ ‎3. vehicles ‎ ‎4. wrapped ‎ ‎5. to keep(of keeping 记零分)‎ ‎6. softly ‎ ‎7. to ‎ ‎8. what ‎ ‎9. the ‎ ‎10. It ‎2. taking 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“我学到以上这些是在我照看一只不够走运吞了挂钩的海鸥期间”可知，是我照看海鸥，此处take 要用非谓语动词格式，它的逻辑主语是I，与I 构成主动关系，还原完整的主谓结构应为“while I was taking care of …”, 其省略形式为“while taking care of…”，因此答案为taking。‎ ‎3. vehicles考查名词。根据该空前面的all 和后面were 可知此处vehicle 要用复数形式vehicles。‎ ‎4. wrapped 考查时态，根据句意“我用毛巾细心地把这只鸟儿包住并带他上了我朋友的车”，整个事情都是对已发生的事情的描述，所以wrap 要用一般过去时，这个单词为闭音节单词，后加ed 需双写p，因此答案为wrapped。‎ ‎5. to keep(of keeping 记零分) 考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth 为固定用法，因此此空答案为to keep。‎ ‎6. softly 考查词性转换。根据句意“我柔声地对这个小不点唱着歌直到把他送给那些能够帮的上忙的人”，要用soft 的副词形式修饰sang,因此答案为softly.‎ ‎7. to 考查介词。根据语境，作者是把海鸥交付给能够帮忙的人，根据短语deliver something to somebody可知，此空答案为to。‎ ‎8. what考查宾语从句引导词。根据句意“我不确定后来发生了什么”和从句缺主语，可知此处宾语从句的连接词应为what。‎ ‎9. the考查冠词。句意为“我们两个完全不同的物种通过歌曲克服我们之间的障碍联系在一起了”， 空处需要填一个冠词，因为是特指我们之间的gap，所以答案为the。‎ ‎10. It考查形式主语。根据句子结构，whether there will be difficulties in communication 为本句的主语，该句置于句末，则用形式主语it 代替，放于句首。‎ ‎5. 【河南省中原名校豫南九校2017届高三上学期第四次质量考评】阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ ‎ A plane that crashed in the mountains of Colombia, 1 (kill) 71 people, including members of a Brazilian football team，may have run out of fuel.‎ Six people miraculously(奇迹地）survived the crash Monday night, 2 the disaster actually wiped out an up-and-coming Brazilian football team and 3 (send) shock waves through the world of football. Football legends Pele and Maradona as well as current _4_ (superstar) Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo led tributes to(向致敬）the players of Chapecoense Real, a team whose march to glory 5(cut) suddenly short. Having risen only 6 (recent) from obscurity(默默无闻）， the team was on its way to play in the finals of the Copa Sudamericana 7 disaster struck* The charter plane reported “electrical failures” around 10：00 pm Monday and crashed soon after near the city of Medellin, 8 (it) destination.‎ The plane's black box recorders have been found, but there was no word on how long it would take __9 (analyze) them. The dead included most of the team and 20 Brazilian journalists traveling to cover 10 match. The six survivors are being treated in hospital.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.killing ‎2.but ‎3.sent ‎4.superstars ‎5.was cut ‎6.recently ‎7.when ‎8.its ‎9.to analyze ‎10.the ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：巴西足球队计划参加南美杯足球决赛，遇上飞机坠毁事件。这场灾难实际上摧毁了一支即将到来的巴西足球队，一支通向荣耀的队伍突然停止。‎ ‎1.killing 现在分词作自然的结果状语，故填killing。学§科§网]‎ ‎2.but 句意：六个人奇迹般地幸存于星期一晚上的坠机事件，但是这场灾难实际上摧毁了一支即将到来的巴西足球队并通过足球震惊了世界。此处表示转折，故填but。‎ ‎3.sent 此处表示并列谓语，故填sent。‎ ‎4.superstars 句意：当代的足球明星Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo。可知名词用复数形式，故填superstars。‎ ‎5.was cut 句意：一支通向荣耀的队伍突然停止。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填was cut。‎ ‎6.recently 副词修饰整个句子，故填recently。‎ ‎ ‎