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高考英语一轮复习专题33Backtothepast精品讲案牛津译林版
2014届高考英语一轮复习 专题3.3 Back to the past精品讲案 牛津译林版 一、高频单词熟记 英语 汉语 英语 汉语 arrange vt. &vi. 安排 decorate vt. 装饰,装潢 bury vt. 埋藏;专心致志于 flee vt.& vi. 逃避,逃跑;迅速离开 destroy vt. 毁坏,摧毁 commercial adj. 商业的,贸易的 remains n. 遗物,遗迹, 遗骸 institute n. (教育、专业等的)机构; 研究所 ruins n. 废墟,遗迹 beneath prep. 在……之下 declare vt. 宣告;声明;表明;宣称 explode vi. 爆炸 ahead adv. 在前面;提前,预先;领先 expression n. 词语;表达;表情 aware adj. 意识到的,知道的;察觉到的 audience n. 观众,听众 judge n. 法官,审判员;裁判员 ceremony n. 仪式,典礼 pour vi. vt. 涌流,倾泻 倒出(液体) trial n. 审讯,审理;试验;考验 词性(词形)变化 remains n.遗物,遗迹, 遗骸→remain v.遗留, 剩余;继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的 unfortunate adj.不幸的, 遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地,倒霉地;令人遗憾地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 wealthy adj.富有的;富裕的→wealth n.财富;钱财;财产 declare vt.宣布,宣称→declaration n.宣布;宣告;声明 aware adj.意识到的,知道的;察觉到的→awareness n.意识 poison n.毒药,毒物 vt.毒害,下毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 gradually adv.渐渐地,逐渐地→gradual adj.逐渐的 cultural adj.文化的→culture n.文化 educate vt.教育→education n.教育 二、重点短语背诵 英语 汉语 英语 汉语 take over 夺取;接管 stand in one's path 阻碍(某人) turn out 结果是 have enough of 受够了……,对……感到厌烦 in memory of 纪念 set sail for 启航去某地 no doubt 无疑,确实 make sb. aware of sth 使某人明白 by the age of 到……年龄的时候为止 take him to court 把他送上法庭 come down with 患(病) in good condition 状况良好 be buried alive 被活埋 for centuries to come 在此后的几个世纪 be decorated with 装饰着…… in many cases 在很多情况下 on board 在船上(飞机上或火车上) approach the truth 探求真理 rise up against 起义,反抗 attend a lecture 听一个报告 三、经典句型仿写 1.【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 靠近这个城市是一座火山。 【典句仿写】教室前面站着我们的英语老师。 In the front of our classroom ____________________. 【答案】stands our English teacher 2.【教材原句】Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42) 许多人被活埋了,城市也被埋了。 【典句仿写】他通过了驾驶考试,他妹妹也通过了。 He has passed the driving test, and __________________________. 【答案】so has his sister 3.【教材原句】Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.(P42) 现在我见到了罗马古城庞贝,它就跟两千年前一模一样。 【典句仿写】像我刚才做的那样去做这个试验。 Just do the experiment ___________________ just now. 【答案】as I did it 4.【教材原句】The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.(P42)这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘,直到18世纪一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。 【典句仿写】老师走进了教室,手里拿着一本书。 The teacher came into the classroom, ________________________. 【答案】with a book in his hand 5.【教材原句】It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58) 似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。 【典句仿写】好像我以前在哪里见过他。 _____________________ I have seen him somewhere before. 【答案】It seems that 第二板块 考点详析 一、词汇考点 考点-1. arrange 【教材原句】A British club arranged for high school students to go on a culture tour of place where there are lost civilizations. (P42)一家英语俱乐部安排高中生去有失落的文明的地方进行了一次文化之旅。 【例句研读】翻译下列句子 ①We'll arrange for an experienced teacher. ②I’ve arranged for a taxi. ③I've arranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. ④Please arrange an interview with the workers for us 【答案】①我们将安排一位有经验的教师。②我已安排好了一辆计程车。 ③我已经安排玛丽去机场接你。 ④给我们安排一次与工人的会见。 【自主归纳】 ①接具体的人或东西时,arrange后一般要接介词f or 。 ②安排某人做某事 arrange for sb to do sth ③后接事情作宾语时,可作及物动词使用。 【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子 ①我们已安排好让汽车9点钟去接你。 We've __________________________ at 9 o'clock. ②我们已安排她照看孩子。 We've ___________________________ the child. 【自主归纳】 bury 是及物动词,意为:埋藏,遮盖,掩蔽;专心致志于,埋头于,沉溺于 被活埋 be buried alive 专心于be buried in/ bury oneself in 【即时巩固】用bury的适当形式填空: ①___________ in deep thought, he didn't notice Mary coming in. ② ___________ himself in sorrow, he refused to see anyone. ③ ___________ yourself in your study, and you will make progress. 【答案】①Buried ②Burying ③Bury 考点-3. destroy 【教材原句】It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city. (P43) 很难想像像这样安静的火山是怎样毁掉整个城市的。 参看模块一Unit 3的考点-2。 【自主归纳】 destroy, damage和ruin三个词的区别: destroy指彻底破坏、毁灭,以至不能修复;也可指希望、计划落空。 damage指价值、用途降低或外表损坏,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复。 ruin表示严重破坏,多由自然因素引起;现在多用于比喻中,表示前程的破灭、健康遭到损害等。参看考点-5。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①(2013辽宁卷)The accident caused some _______to my car, but it’s nothing serious. A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage ②(2011全国卷Ⅰ)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage ③His action __________ the remaining hope of reaching an agreement. A. damaged B. hurt C. destroyed D. harmed 【答案】C 【解析】句意:他的行为毁掉了达成协议的仅剩的那点希望。 考点-4. remain 【教材原句】Sven found the remains of building buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. (P43) 斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏,包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。 【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思 ①The remains of Wenchuan Earthquake shocked the whole world. ②His remains were buried in the churchyard. ③The remains of lunch were still on the table. 【答案】①废墟② 尸体,遗骸③ 残留物,剩余物 【自主归纳】 remain 作名词用时,意为:废墟;尸体,遗骸;残留物,剩余物 remain 还可以作动词使用: ①作不及物动词,意为“留下” She remained at home to look after the child. 留在家里 ②作联系动词,意为“仍然是,还是”,后接n./adj./介词短语/分词 In spite of quarrel, they remained the best friends. 仍然是最好的朋友 ③ Sth. remains to be done “某事仍有待去做” A number of problems remain to be solved. 许多问题有待解决 ④It remains to be seen+从句 “……还有待于去看” It remains to be seen whether the medicine will work. 药物是否有效拭目以待。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______ now. A. remains B. is remaining C. is remained D. has been remained ②___________ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains ③Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to sit D. sit ④It remains __________ whether the patient can survive the major operation or not. A. to observe B. to be observed C. observing D. being observed 【答案】A D A B 考点-5. ruin 【自主归纳】 ruin 作可数名词用时常用复数形式,意为:废墟,遗迹 作不可数名词用时,意为:毁坏,毁灭,崩溃 作动词用时,是及物动词,意为:破坏;毁灭/坏,使破产 in ruins 成为废墟,破败不堪 come/go to ruin 毁灭,灭亡;落空 bring ...to ruin使毁灭,使落空 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①John and Sandy argued all the time, which completely ________ the party. A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. broke ②The houses across the street are ________, but they were in good condition a few years ago. A. in ruins B. in store C. in rows D. in order 考点-6. ahead 【教材原句】By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (P58)在30岁时,他已经占领了比以前任何人都多的土地,并且看起来,更大的荣耀正在前方等着他。 【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思 ①We've got a lot hard work ahead. ②The bridge has been completed ahead of time. ③—Do you mind if I smoke? —Go ahead. ④Henry encouraged me to calm down, just go ahead and get the license 【答案】①(时间、空间)在前面,向前 ② 提前,预先 ③去干吧,去做吧 ④进行,开始 【自主归纳】 ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面;提前,预先;领先 (be) ahead of 在……之前; 领先于;胜过 ahead of time(= in advance) 提前 go ahead 朝前走,请便,行,可以,干吧(同意对方继续做某事或同意对方的请求) 【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子 ①他走上前去,看看前面发生了什么事。 He __________________ to see what was happening in the front. ②我提前几天完成了工作。 I finished the work several days __________________the deadline. ③他数学方面比我占优势。 He is __________________ me in math. 【答案】①went ahead ②ahead of ③ahead of 考点-7. aware 【自主归纳】 aware adj. 意为:意识到的,知道的;察觉到的 be/become aware of 知道/意识到…… be/become aware that/wh¬从句 知道/意识到…… make sb. aware of sth. 让某人知道某事 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①It was several minutes before I was ________ what was happening. A. aware B. concerned C. awake D. ashamed 【答案】A 【解析】句意:过了几分钟,我才意识到出了什么事。根据题干中的结构可知,此外考查的是be aware ... “意识到……”。concerned“关心的”;awake “醒着的”;ashamed“惭愧的”, 均不符合语境。 ②It's not easy to change habits, but with and self—control, it is possible. A. carelessness B. weakness C. awareness D. foolishness 考点-8. judge 【教材原句】At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. (P59) 在审判中,他通过向法官提更多的问题来为自己辩护。 【例句研读】翻译下列各句 ①People judge others with their appearance first. ②He was one of the judges at the horse race. ③Judging by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 【自主归纳】 judge 作动词使用时,意为:判断;审判; 裁判 作名词使用时,意为:法官;裁判员 judging from/by 常看作是固定短语,在句子中一般作状语,即独立成分,judging不能换成judged。 Judging from his clothes, I judge that he is a judge. 从他的服装判断,我断定他是个法官。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①“You can’t a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes. A. recognize B. buy C. judge D. know 【答案】C 【解析】句中“as the old saying goes”意为:正如古语所说。句意:古人云,人不可貌相。或译为:如那句古老的谚语所说的那样,“人不可貌相”。 judge判断。 ②________from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet. A. Judging B. Judged C. Seeing D. Thinking 考点-9. take over 【教材原句】In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. (P42) 公元前89年,罗马人占据了庞贝。 【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思 ①IBM is taking over the smaller company. ②Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. ③With economy recovering, more and more workers are taken on. ④We can take in oxygen from the air. 【答案】①接管这家规模较小的公司 ②她的演唱事业迅速腾飞 ③被雇用 ④吸取氧气 【自主归纳】 take over接收,接管;接住,接替 take off 脱掉(衣帽等),(飞机等)起飞,请(几天)假,切除(物) take on 雇用(某人),承担(工作),呈现 take out 取出 take to 喜欢上(某人),开始……,养成……的恶习 take up 开始;从事;占去(时间,空间等) take in 吸收,包括,了解,理解,欺骗,收留(某人)住宿 take back 取回(某物),收回(承诺等),归还 take after 与……相像 take... for ... 把……当作……,误认……为…… take... for granted 认为……是当然的 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _________ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken ②Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _________. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off ③After he retired from office, Rogers _________ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up 【答案】A B A 考点-10. turn out 【自主归纳】 turn out意为:结果。常有以下两种用法。 ①turn out (to be)... ②It turns out that-clause 写出与turn有关的短语: turn off/on 关掉/打开 turn to 向某人求助 turn over 翻身,反复考虑,翻(书页),翻转 turn out 结果是 turn down 调低(音量,热度等); 拒绝 turn up 露面,出现,调大(音量等) turn in 上交,交还 turn upside down 上下翻转 take turns to do 轮流做某事 take a turn for the better (情况等)好转 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①(2013江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better. A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead ②With no one to ___________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn to 考点-11. in memory of 【教材原句】In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona. (P55) 为了纪念在此次袭击中死去的美国人,在珍珠港“亚利桑那号”的遗迹上建立了国家纪念馆。 【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思 ①The monument was built in memory of the little hero. ②She wrote poems in praise of freedom. ③The members of the committee gave a banquet in honour of the foreign delegation yesterday afternoon. 【答案】①纪念那位小英雄 ②讴歌自由 ③招待外国代表团 【自主归纳】 in memory of为纪念……(相当于in honour of) in+名词+of短语荟萃: in favor of 支持 in place of 代替 in praise of 赞扬 in charge of 负责 in need/want of 需要 in case of 如果,假使 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有,持有 in honour of 为纪念,为庆祝 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①(2011湖北卷) When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of ②The monument is built _________ the heroes sacrificed for our victory. A. in memory of B. on behalf of C. in praise of D. in place of 考点-12. no doubt 【教材原句】When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great's influence. (P58)当被问及这个来自遥远的希腊的雕像如何出现在中国时,研究者解释说毫无疑问这是由于受亚历山大大帝的影响。 【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思 ①No doubt he will call us when he gets there. ②There is no doubt that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve. ③I doubt whether/if the new plan will be better. 【答案】①毫无疑问 ②毫无疑问 ③我不敢肯定这个新的计划是否会更好。 【自主归纳】 no doubt 无疑,确定 There is no doubt about sth./that ... 毫无疑问…… doubt 做动词,用于肯定句中时,后用whether或 if 引导宾语从句 用于否定句或疑问句中时,后用that引导宾语从句 做名词,用于肯定句中时,后用whether引导同位语从句 用于否定句或疑问句中时,后用that引导同位语从句 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①(2010山东卷)—Her father is very rich. —________ She wouldn't accept his help even if it were offered. A. What for? B. So what? C. No doubt. D. No wonder. 考点-13. by the age of 【教材原句】By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before. (P58) 三十岁的时候,他已经占领的疆域比以前任何人的都大。 【例句研读】翻译句子 ①By the end of last week, we had already learned three units. ②By the end of next week, we will have learned three units. ③By now, we have learned three units. 【自主归纳】 by+现在的时间点,谓语用现在完成时时态; by+过去的时间点,谓语用过去完成时时态; by+将来的时间点,谓语用将来完成时时态。 【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子 ①到下月底,我将已经看完这本书。 I _______________________ reading the book by the end of next month. ②我到火车站的时候,火车已经开走了。 By the time l got to the station,the train_______________________。 【自主归纳】 come down with意为:患(病),得(传染性的病) 写出come 的相关用法。 偶然遇到;被理解 come across 提出,想出 come up with 为什么? How come...? 当谈到……时 When it comes to sth/doing... 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①(2013课标卷Ⅱ)Would you like to with us to the film tonight? A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?A项含有“与……一道走,一起来,陪伴”的意思,B项意为“实现,离开,举行”,C项意为“偶遇,无意中发现”,D项表示“经历、度过、穿过”,可知只有A项符合语境。 ②(2011天津卷)She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping att the department store. A. turned down B. dealt with C. took after D. came across 二、句型考点 考点-1.介词短语做地点状语放在句首引起句子倒装的句型 【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 靠近这个城市是一座火山。 【句法分析】“Near the city”是一个介词短语,表示地点,放在句首,引起了句子的倒装。句子的主语是a volcano。正常语序应该是:A volcano was near the city. 【考点聚焦】当表示地点的介词短语或here/there/up/down/in/out/off/away/now/then等副词置于句首表示强调,且谓语动词为be, lie, sit, stand, come, go等时,往往主谓完全倒装。但当句子的主语是人称代词时,则不需要倒装。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River ________, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does Chongqing lie D. does lie Chongqing ②John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 【答案】A D 考点-2.so 表示“也”放在句首的句型 【教材原句】Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42)许多人被活埋了,城市也被埋了。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①If you don't feel like going for a picnic this weekend, ____________. A. nor will I B. nor do I C. so do I D. so shall I ②—I like meat but I don't like fish. —________________. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So is it with me D. So it is with me ③—I reminded you not to forget the appointment. —________________. A. So you did B. So I did C. So did you D. So do I 【答案】A DA 考点-3. as的用法 【教材原句】Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.(P42) 现在我见到了罗马古城庞贝,它就跟两千年前一模一样。 【句法分析】as 用作连词,意为:像……一样。 【考点聚焦】①as 用作连词时,常考表示“尽管”的意思,句子用倒装结构。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管年轻,他却懂得很多。 ②用作关系代词,引导定语从句: We'll make such computers as are needed in different branches of science. 我们将制造出科学的各部门所需要的那种计算机。 大家都知道, As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西并不都是金子。 ③用作介词:As a singer, he is a success. 作为一名歌手,他是成功的。 ④固定短语:as a matter of fact 实际上 as a result 结果是 as a result of... 因为 as long as 只要 as far as 就……而言 as follows 如下 as well as 和,也 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ① Much hard ________ he tried, he failed to catch up with the first runner. A. although B. as C. while D. when ②When my father goes somewhere, he always goes along with my mother, ________ he doesn't like going alone. A. though B. as C. while D. even if ③This is ________box ________ I saw in the shop. A. same …as B. the same …like C. the same… which D. the same …as 考点-4. with+宾语+宾补结构 【教材原句】The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. (P42)这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘,直到18世纪一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。 ⑤You mustn't sit with your feet pointing at another person.你不可以把脚翘起对着别人坐。 ⑥With the problem settled, they went back to work.问题解决后,他们又回去工作了。 ⑦With a lot of work to do, the boy couldn't go out playing. 因为有很多工作要做,这个男孩不能出去玩。 【即时巩固】单项选择题 ①With _________ she needed __________, she left the supermarket with her mother happily. A. all, bought B. something, to be bought C. all, buying D. everything, to buy ②_____ the production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year A. As B. For C. With D. Through ③_______ two exams to worry about, l have to work really hard this weekend. A. with B. Besides C. As for D. Because of ④You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much. A. for B. when C. with D. while ⑤You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much. A. for B. when C. with D. while 【答案】ACACC 考点-5.It seems that…句型 【教材原句】It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58) 似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。 It seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (P58) 前面似乎还有更大的辉煌等着他。 【句法分析】It seems that…表示“似乎……” 【考点聚焦】上面两句可转换成: Nothing seemed to be able to stop him from taking control of the entire world. More glory seemed to be waiting ahead of him. 【即时巩固】句型转换 ①It seems that he has known the truth. _______________________________________ ②It seems that a new supermarket will be built here. _______________________________________ ③It seems that there is someone spying on me. _______________________________________查看更多