江苏高考英语试题和答案解析

江苏高考英语试题和答案解析

‎2015江苏高考英语试卷 ‎ ‎ 二、单选 ‎21. The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in the past one year.‎ ‎ A. it B. which C. that D. as ‎22. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.‎ ‎ A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop ‎23. – Jim, can you work…..?‎ ‎ --_____? I’ve been working two weeks on end.‎ ‎ A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what ‎24. Much time______ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally trapped by health problems.‎ ‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. to spend ‎25. _____ Li Hua, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but….‎ ‎ A. That B. Why C. Where D. How ‎26. It is so cold that you can’t go outside______ fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎ A. if B. unless C. once D. when ‎27. The university started some new language programmes to _______ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.‎ ‎ A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. …‎ ‎28. It might have saved me much trouble______ the schedule.‎ ‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎29. The whole team ______ Donald, and he seldom let them down.‎ ‎ A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on ‎30. The reason why prices ______ and still are too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactory can explain this problem.‎ ‎ A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been ‎31. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough, and ______ review of the case.‎ ‎ A. comprehensive B. complicated C. suspicious D. …‎ ‎32. Some schools will have to make _______ in agreement with the national social reform.‎ ‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎33. –Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?‎ ‎ -- Well, you know he’s______.‎ ‎ A.an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut ‎34. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around_______ Thomas Edison.‎ ‎ A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for ‎35. –Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave?‎ ‎ -- I’d like to, but I’m afraid Mom would not accept my______.‎ ‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets 三、完形填空 I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from the moment on. The stories of his unconventional___36___ and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so ___37____ to me and had such a big____38_____ on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to ___39___ my own cancer experience?‎ I’m ambitious __40___, and when I started going through chemo(化疗), even though I’m a very __41__ person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the ___42__. One day, while wanting to go in for __43__, I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another patient ___44__ what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me ___45____ he had one of his books … well. It ____46____ that among other things, he was an eighty-one-year-old writer. He was ___47____ a published author, and he was currently ___48____ on a new book.‎ We would see each other at various times and ___49_____ friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) ____50____ of Dr. Bernie. He really put a __51__ on my face. He unfortunately ___52__ last year due to his cancer, ___53___ he left a deep impression on me…. The __54__ to pick up my pen again. I ___ 55___ to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”‎ ‎36. A. tastes B. ideas C. notes D. memories ‎37. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange ‎38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact ‎39. A. learn from B. go over C. get through D. refer to ‎40. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor ‎41. A. positive B. agreeable C. humourous D. honest ‎42. A. mood B. position C. state D. way ‎43. A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment ‎44. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered ‎45. A. while B. because C. although D. providing ‎46. A. carried out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out ‎47. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefully D. actually ‎48. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying ‎49. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited ‎50. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher ‎51. A. sign B. smile C. mark D. mask ‎52. A. showed up B. set off C. fell down D. passed away ‎53. A. since B. but C. so D. for ‎54. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunity D. inspiration ‎55. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied 四、阅读理解 A Visitor Code l Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to Customs.‎ l Protect plants and animals Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where sighposted.‎ l Get rid of rubbish Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g. glass, paper) where possible.‎ l Be considerate with other waste If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterway.‎ l Keep New Zealand’s water clean Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea lakes and rivers.‎ l Take care with fires Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue, make sure ashes are cold before leaving.‎ l Camp or picnic carefully When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided.‎ l Keep to the track Keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.‎ l Be considerate When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.‎ ‎56. According to Visitor Code, visitors could act_______.‎ ‎ A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation ‎57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?‎ ‎ A. Take your own camping facilities.‎ ‎ B. Bury glass far away from rivers.‎ ‎ C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.‎ ‎ D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.‎ B In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are ‎ thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a general.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to traditional waste, the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metal was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machine… and the harmful metals removed, the recycled process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U.S. Environment Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products--- as well as management of the resulting waste---all result in greenhouse release. Individuals can make contributions by creating less waste at… buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries, the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they process should be based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?‎ From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the cost and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎58. By… the Swiss study, the author intended to tell us________.‎ ‎ A. the weight of e-goods is rather small ‎ B. e-waste deserves to be made good use of ‎ C. natural materials contains more precious metals ‎ D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎59. The responsibility of e-waste…transfer ______.‎ ‎ A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers ‎ ‎ C. from individuals to distributors D. from to governments ‎60. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ ‎ A. The increase in e-waste B. The creation of e-waste C. The seriousness of e-waste D. The management of e-waste C Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interests in the work.‎ Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get started. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences and to develop social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet those needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivation of the people you wish to attract.‎ People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of opportunity given, some schools have launched volunteer programmes. Unlike…. can …people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I’m prepared to do so.”) When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activity a must.‎ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not support you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers… them with strategies for … with the problem they experience.”‎ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was estimated that those people …the role of volunteer … part of their personal …be ‎ more likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which social role matters by responding to statements such as “Volunteering at hospitals is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they focused a positive cohesion(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the lengths of time people contributed to volunteer. These… again, lead to concrete advice. “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued effort to focus on developing volunteer role….”‎ ‎61. People volunteer mainly out of__________.‎ ‎ A. academic requirements B. social expectations C. financial rewards D. internal needs ‎62. What can we learn from Florida study?‎ ‎ A. Follow up studies should last for one year.‎ ‎ B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.‎ ‎ C. Volunteer training is a must in research.‎ ‎ D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.‎ ‎63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?‎ ‎ A. individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirt.‎ ‎ C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.‎ ‎64. What is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. How to get people to volunteer B. How to study volunteer behavior ‎ C. How to keep volunteers’ D. How to organize volunteers’ activities D Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ In Greece, in Athens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A ‎ man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looked at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athenians not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people…it, and work for it, it will go. … is its price. …was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians’ pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their mind. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens fro doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them, and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility…to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result… burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility, she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ But, the excellent becomes the permanent, Aristotle said. Athens lost, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison referred to “The capacity of mankind for self-government”. No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once a man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that way thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out… only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎65. What does the underlined word ”tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ ‎ A. Countries where their people need help ‎ B. Powerful states with happiness ‎ C. Splendid states where people enjoy freedom ‎ D. Empires ruled with absolute power ‎66. People believing in freedom are those who_______.‎ ‎ A. regard their life as their own business ‎ B. regard freedom as their primary object ‎ C. behave within laws and value system ‎ D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ ‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ ‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ ‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ ‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎68. What does the sentence “There could be only one result” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ ‎ A. Athens would come to an end.‎ ‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ ‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ ‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ ‎ A. The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ ‎ B. The author is cautious about self-government.‎ ‎ C. The author is skeptical of Greece civilization.‎ ‎ D. The author is proud of the man’s capacity.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ ‎ A. Freedom can be more popular in digital age.‎ ‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ ‎ C. Freedom should have privacy over responsibility.‎ ‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ 四、任务型阅读：‎ People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.‎ In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.‎ News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe murder, shake his head ‎ sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.‎ News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.‎ For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.‎ What news stories do you read?‎ Division of news stories l People expect to get (71) ______________ from reading news.‎ l News stories are roughly divided into two classes.‎ l Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.‎ ‎(72)_____________ of the two classes l News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)_________________.‎ l Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74) _________________ similar feelings with those involved.‎ l News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a(75) _____________ to them.‎ l News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76) _________________ for thereality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to(77)‎ ‎ _____________ from the reality.‎ Unstable boundaries of the two classes l What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their(78) __________________.‎ l Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)___________________ themselves to the reality.‎ l Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)__________________ on the reader.‎ 第五部分:书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎81.请阅读下面文字及图表 并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章 ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容 ‎2.结合上述信息 简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因 ‎3.根据你的分析 从社会规范 rulesandregulations 和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示 不少于两点 ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称 ‎3.不必写标题 ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整 语言规范 语篇连贯 词数适当 英语试题参考答案 第一部分共20小题每小题1分共20分 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.A ‎4.B ‎5.C ‎6.B ‎7.A ‎8.B ‎9.C ‎10.B ‎11.A ‎12.B ‎13.C ‎14.A ‎15.B ‎16.C ‎17.B ‎18.A ‎19.A ‎20.C 第二部分共35小题每小题1分共35分 ‎21.D ‎22.D ‎23.A ‎24.C ‎25.C ‎26.B ‎27.B ‎28.D ‎29.C ‎30.A ‎31.A ‎32.B ‎33.B ‎34.D ‎35.C ‎36.B ‎37.A ‎38.D ‎39.C ‎40.B ‎41.A ‎42.A ‎43.D ‎44.C ‎45.B ‎46.D ‎47.D ‎48.C ‎49.A ‎50.C ‎51.B ‎52.D ‎53.B ‎54.D ‎55.C 第三部分共15小题每小题2分共30分 ‎56.A ‎57.C ‎58.B ‎59.B ‎60.D ‎61.D ‎62.B ‎63.C ‎64.A ‎65.D ‎66.C ‎67.A ‎68.B ‎69.A ‎70.D 第四部分共10小题每小题1分共10分 ‎71.rewards/rewarded 72.Explanations 73.involvement 74.share ‎75.threat 76.prepare 77.withdraw 78.profession(s)/intention ‎79.adapt 80.depends 第五部分满分25分 Onepossibleversion:‎ Thetrafficissue isahard nutto crack.Itnotonly affects our everyday life,but may also threatenpeopleslives.Thethreeselectionspresentedabovearetypicalexamples.‎ Quiteafewthingsgiverisetothetrafficproblem.Inspiteofthelargescaleconstruction of roadsand highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing numberofcarstheseyears.Whatsworse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvital toobeytrafficrules.‎ Infact,trafficrulesarepartoftherulesandregulationscloselyrelatedtopublicorder.Without them,peoplecould notenjoy harmony orthecountry would be in chaos. But rules alone dont secureanorderlysociety.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.Itiseverybodysdutyto observethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.‎