高考语法填空专项训练——介词

高考语法填空专项训练——介词

语法填空专项训练---介词 介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定，所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词)，主要考点有：‎ 1. 表示时间介词有 ‎ at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于，到……时为止 after 在……之后 before在……之前 ‎ for 表示一段时间 during 在……期间 within在……期间，不超过 since自从…‎ throughout 贯穿……期间 until/till 直到 from…to… 从……到 between在…之间 over 在……期间，过完一段时间 ‎ ‎2. 表示方位的介词有 ‎ into 进入 out of从……出来 (a)round 围饶着或在……的各处 along沿着 ‎ towards向或朝着 to到或向 from从 up沿……而上 ‎ off从……离开或下来 at朝着或向着 for到…去 down沿..而下 ‎ at在某一点或在(某物)旁 in在某一范围内 on在某物的表面上 between在(两者)之间 above在……的上头或高出 below在…下面或低于 among在(多者)之中 around在……周围 inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面 before在……之前 behind在……的后面 ‎ over在……的上方或上面 under在……的下面或下方； beside/by在……的旁边 near在……的附近 ‎ beyond在……的那一边，远于，超过(某事物的范围) across在……的对面或那一边 against 靠着 ‎ across从一边到另一边 by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过 ‎ over从某人或某物的上空经过 through从某事物的里面经过。‎ ‎3. 表示原因的介词有 because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at ‎( at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到” )等。‎ ‎4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有 By 乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过 in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水, 抽象的文具 in ink, in pen, in pencil等)‎ with用(具体的工具)，和……一起； through通过(实践或书本)等 ‎。‎ ‎5. 表示“除……外”的介词有 except, besides, but, except for等。‎ ‎6. 表示“数量”的介词有 about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等 ‎ 表示“关于”的介词有on, about等； ‎ 表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的介词有of ‎ 表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的介词有by 以及as(当作，作为)， like(像…一样)等。‎ ‎7. 能接复合宾语的介词有 with和without ‎8. 短语中的介词。 “动词+介词” 短语， look after, care for，congratulations on等；‎ ‎“动词+副词+介词” 短语 catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等；‎ ‎“动词+名词+介词” take are of, take notice of等；‎ ‎“名词+介词”， effect on等。‎ 解题技巧：‎ ‎1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？‎ 我们首先必须知道两点：‎ ‎(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；‎ ‎(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。‎ 因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。‎ ‎2. 应该填哪个介词？‎ 在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用：‎ ‎(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。‎ ‎[例1 ]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day...‎ 分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因……而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填from。‎ ‎ (2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。‎ ‎[例2]Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. _____these proverbs there are often interesting stories. ‎ 分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在……背后”，用介词behind。‎ ‎ (3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。‎ ‎[例3] You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much. (福建)‎ ‎(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。‎ ‎[例4]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______a guest in their house.‎ 分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。‎ 一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ___________ a chair. (安徽)‎ ‎2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ___________ the back door. (北京)‎ ‎3. A great man shows his greatness ___________ the way he treats little men. (福建)‎ ‎4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _________ her foot wounded so much. (福建)‎ ‎5. I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and _______________ the point. (辽宁)‎ ‎6. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _________ a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏)‎ ‎7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____________ working here. (全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎8. I began to feel _____________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)‎ ‎9. Elizabeth has already achieved success ______________ her wildest dreams. (陕西)‎ ‎10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _______________ the weather. (浙江)‎ ‎11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ___________ girls of your age. (北京)‎ ‎12. Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. (福建)‎ ‎13. ______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南)‎ ‎14. Scientists are convinced _________ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health. (江西)‎ ‎15. Experts have been warning _________ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西)‎ ‎16. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting. (全国I)‎ ‎17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________ money these days. (全国II)‎ ‎18. Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh themselves. (四川)‎ ‎19. The open-air celebration has been put off because ______ the bad weather. (浙江)‎ ‎20. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _________the visiting hours. (福建)‎ ‎21. It’s quite__________ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)‎ ‎22. ---It’s a top secret. ---Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me. (上海)‎ ‎23. People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)‎ ‎24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared ______ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities.‎ ‎ (江西)‎ ‎25. I would like a job which pays more, but ______ the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. (浙江)‎ ‎26. More and more young people are fond __________ playing tennis nowadays. (上海)‎ ‎27. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京)‎ ‎28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __________ which there won’t be much work. (上海)‎ ‎29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ which New York is an example. (四川)‎ ‎30. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount‎ ‎Qomolangma, _________which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)‎ ‎31. The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)‎ ‎32. He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing‎ ‎University. (江苏)‎ ‎33. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______which they can be controlled on purpose. (重庆)‎ 二、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。‎ Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1___children to honor their fathers began in Spokane‎, ‎Washington. A woman 2____the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3_____ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon 4____ 1909. ‎ Having been raised 5_____ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_____her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was, 7 ____the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonora's father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration 8______ Spokane‎, ‎Washington 9______the 19th of June, 1910. ‎ In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10____Father's Day. Roses are the Father's Day flowers. ‎ 一、 单句填空：用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎1. into 2. by 3. by 4. with 5. to 6. as 7. about 8. at 9. beyond 10. for 11. for 12. against ‎13. In 14. of 15. for 16. for 17. besides 18. between 19. of 20. beyond 21. beyond 22. between 23. about ‎24. for 25. on 26. of 27. in 28. without 29. of 30. above 31. since 32. after 33. to ‎ 二、 语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎1. for 2. by 3. of 4. in 5. by 6. to 7. in 8. in 9. on 10. as 语法填空专项训练--- 连 词 在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词，都是两小题，占语法填空的五分之一，是考查的一个重要项目，具体考点有以下4大点：‎ 考点1：并列连词 表示联合 ‎ and(同，和), when(=and just at this time就在这时), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…（既不……也不……） ‎ 表示选择 ‎ or(或者，否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either...or(不是……就是) ‎ 表示转折 ‎ but(但是，可是，只是因为), yet(可是), not…but…(不是……而是……) ‎ 表示对比 ‎ while(而、却) ‎ 表示因果 ‎ for（因为）和so（所以，因此） ‎ 注：(1) when作并列连词，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; ‎ ‎ was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; ‎ ‎ was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did ‎ 等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。‎ ‎(2) 在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and/or后的句子表示结果。‎ 一、单句填空：用适当的连词填空。 ‎ 并列句 ‎ ‎1. I thought we’d be late for the concert, __________ we ended up getting there ahead of time. ( 湖南 )‎ ‎2. Stand over there ____________ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. ( 全国Ⅱ )‎ ‎3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _________ his eyesight was beginning to fail. ( 山东 )‎ ‎4. The artist was born poor, ______ poor he remained all his life. ( 重庆 )‎ ‎5. In some places women are expected to earn money _________ men work at home and raise their children. ( 四川 )‎ ‎6. You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ______ you won’t pass the course. ( 北京 )‎ ‎7. Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ______ the way they actually are. ( 湖南 )‎ ‎8. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding. ( 全国I )‎ ‎9. He was about halfway through his meal _________a familiar voice came to his ears. ( 辽宁 )‎ ‎10. I grew up in Africa _______ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there. ( 辽宁 ) ‎ 考点2：引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有：‎ ‎(1)连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。‎ ‎(2)连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。‎ ‎(3)连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。其中what除有“什么”“多么”外，还有“所……的”之意，相当于the thing(s) that…。‎ ‎(4)连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。‎ ‎(5)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管……”。‎ 名词性从句 ‎11. The companies are working together to create _________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. ( 北京 )‎ ‎12. __________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (山东)‎ ‎13. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. (浙江)‎ ‎14. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ________ the party is to be held? (陕西)‎ ‎15. The news ______ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper. (上海)‎ ‎16. The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water‎ ‎Park. (天津)‎ ‎17. ____________ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江)‎ ‎18. Having checked the doors were closed, and ________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (湖南)‎ ‎19. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. (天津)‎ ‎20. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _________ the best jobs are. (浙江)‎ 考点3：引导定语从句的关系词 定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表：‎ 先行词 ‎ 主 语 ‎ 宾 语 ‎ 定 语 ‎ 状 语 ‎ 人 ‎ who/that ‎ whom/who/省略 whose ‎ ‎ ‎ 物 ‎ which/which ‎ which/that/省略 whose/of which ‎ ‎ ‎ 时间 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ when ‎ 地点 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ where ‎ the way ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ that/in which/省略 the reason ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ why ‎ 注：‎ ‎(1)先行词是occasion常用when，先行词是case, situation, scenes等时常用where。‎ ‎(2)关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用for which代替。‎ ‎(3)以下情况只能用that引导定语从句：‎ ‎① 当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。‎ ‎② 先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。‎ ‎③先行词包括人和物时。‎ ‎④当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。‎ ‎(4)不能用that引导定语从句的情况 ‎①在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。‎ ‎②直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。‎ ‎③当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who。‎ ‎④当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。‎ ‎(5)在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。‎ 定语从句 ‎21. The Science Museum, _________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (江苏)‎ ‎22. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ___________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (浙江)‎ ‎23. All the neighbors admire this family, _________ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (安徽)‎ ‎24. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _________ are beyond our control. (湖南)‎ ‎25. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _______ were made of small diamonds. (陕西)‎ ‎26. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, __________ was more than we could expect. (全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎27. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy. (北京)‎ ‎28. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with any kids. (山东)‎ ‎29. They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days. (重庆)‎ ‎30. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (江西)‎ ‎31. The village has developed a lot _________ we learned farming two years ago. (福建)‎ ‎32. After graduation she reached a point in her career __________ she had to decide what to do. (江西)‎ ‎33. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight(看到) matters more than hearing. (天津)‎ ‎34. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of _________ wanted to buy it. (安徽)‎ ‎35. It is reported that two schools, both of __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川)‎ 考点4：引导状语从句的连词 种类 ‎ 连词 ‎ 时间状 语从句 ‎ when（当…时），while（在…期间），as（当…，一边…一边…），before（在…之前），after（在…之后），since（从…以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一…就） ‎ 地点状 语从句 ‎ where (在…的地方)，wherever(在…的任何地方) ‎ 原因状 语从句 ‎ because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now取豪夺(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到) ‎ 目的状 语从句 ‎ so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便，为了), in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免), lest(免得，以防), for fear that(以免，惟恐) ‎ 结果状 语从句 ‎ so that（以致，结果），so…that, such…that（如此……以至于） ‎ 条件状 语从句 ‎ if, unless (=if…not如果不……，除非), as/so long as(只要), while(=as long as只要), supposing (that)/provided /providing (that)(假如), in case(假使), on condition that(在……的条件下) ‎ 让步状 语从句 ‎ although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whether…or…(不论/不管……还是……) 以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词” ‎ 比较状 语从句 ‎ as...as（和……一样），not as/so...as（和……不一样），than（比），the more...the more（越……越） ‎ 方式状 语从句 ‎ as(正如)，as if或as though(好像) ‎ 状语从句 ‎36. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (福建)‎ ‎37. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time __________ Brian gets back. (北京)‎ ‎38. The research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽)‎ ‎39. --- Did you return Fred’s call? --- I didn’t need to __________ I’ll see him tomorrow. (北京)‎ ‎40. --- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? --- He rushed out of the room __________ I could say a word. (四川)‎ ‎41. “You can’t have this football back __________ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (广东)‎ ‎42. You’d better not leave the medicine _________ kids can get at it. (山东)‎ ‎43. In time of serious accidents, __________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (重庆)‎ ‎44. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ____________ there is human suffering. (江西)‎ ‎45. A small car is big enough for a family of three ________ you need more space for baggage. (全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎46. ______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (全国II)‎ ‎47. You will be successful in the interview ___________ you have confidence. (福建)‎ ‎48. His plan was such a good one __________ we all agreed to accept it. (陕西)‎ ‎49. _________________________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. (湖南)‎ ‎50. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even _____________ they knew it to be valuable. (浙江)‎ ‎51. _____________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. (辽宁)‎ ‎52. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _____________ the season is. (宁夏)‎ ‎53. All people, ____ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. (重庆)‎ ‎54. Engines are to machines __________ hearts are to animals. (山东)‎ ‎55. Don’t promise anything _________ you are one hundred percent sure. (2008浙江卷)‎ 解题技巧：‎ 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。‎ 根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据某人从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：‎ 一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词，若在从句中作主语和宾语，用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。‎ 实例剖析 ‎[例1]One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔)up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. （2008年广东）‎ 分析：因he came…和he would pluck…是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因为“他想把禾苗拔几寸”就是“主意(idea)”的具体内容，可见后句是同位语从句；由于该从句不缺任何句子成分，并且意义已非常完整了，故填that。‎ ‎[例2]He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. (2008广东)‎ 分析：因和he was…和he felt…是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间是逗号，而不是句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因“很累”与“高兴”之间是转折关系，故填并例连词but。‎ ‎[例3]I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007广东)‎ 分析：因to是介词，介词后一定是接宾语；又因should have…可知是一个从句来作to的宾语，即宾语从句；由句式结构可知，空格处一定是填作主语的连接代词，能“有幸接待我”的应是人，故填who。‎ ‎[例4]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. (2007广东)‎ 分析：因前后两个句子之间没有分号或句号，也缺少连词，一定是填连词；由句子之间的关系和句意可知，在大约20公里远的那个小镇上有修理厂，由此判断后一句是定语从句，a small town是先行词，且在从句中作状语，故填关系副词where。‎ 二、语篇填空：阅读下列短文，在空格处填上适当的词。‎ My mother insisted 1________everyone in her life treat her with respect.  2_________she wasn't wealthy 3______well educated, my mother not only understood and appreciated her value, 4___________believed in it strongly. 5 ______‎ she learned my father was cheating on her, she insisted 6 _______he move out of our home. Not the next day or the next week.  . . . To me, as a child, 7________she refusal to take my father back seemed harsh（严酷,恶劣）, even cruel.  As a woman, however, I have come to understand it.  For my mother, putting Daddy out of the house 8_____ her life wasn't about pride; it was about principle. The one had always lived by.  The one 9 _________ she believed in with all her heart: No one was going to love and respect you 10________ you loved and respected yourself.‎