高考英语真题分类汇编

高考英语真题分类汇编

专题一 冠词、名词和主谓一致 ‎1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.‎ A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. ‎ A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。‎ ‎3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。‎ ‎4.【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。‎ ‎5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】‎ - 171 -‎ 本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。‎ ‎6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.‎ A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。‎ ‎7.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.‎ ‎ A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查主谓一致原则 ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】14. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.‎ A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查冠词 ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。‎ ‎9.【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.‎ A. a B. an C. the D.不填 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人。故选择A，句意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词 - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查冠词。冠词是高考英语中的难点和重点，考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。本题中首先根据Beethoven排除选项B，因为不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。通常情况下人名前是不加冠词的，但是如果指一个像某个名人的人时，在这个人名前加不定冠词。‎ ‎10.【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.‎ ‎ A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查冠词的使用 ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错。名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。‎ 名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 【富人】, poor【穷人】, wounded【伤者】, dead【死者】, elderly【长者】）表某一类人 ④the+比较级（the more .. the better）⑤the +序数词 （表顺序）; 'a+ 序数词 （表“又，再”），⑥固定搭配 (in the way 挡道)‎ 另外也需要注意零冠词的情况。零冠词用法归纳：独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though之倒装句；人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。‎ ‎11.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.‎ ‎ A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】对于名词的考查，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。在名词的用法方面，有可能是与固定搭配有关，也有可能根据语意。需要学生平时记忆常见名词的意思及相关用法。‎ ‎12.【2015·重庆】3. I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.‎ A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【考点定位】考查冠词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示 泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器 要牢记对于做题非常有帮助。 ‎ 专题二 代词、介词和介词短语 ‎1.【2015·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.‎ A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but - 171 -‎ 表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。‎ ‎2.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.‎ A. below B. on C. at D. above ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?‎ ‎ A. about B. to C. with D. over ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候，比如含有从句或疑问句时，要划分句子成分。对于疑问句，首先把它转化为陈述句，然后找出句子的主谓宾，把那一些修饰成分去掉，最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】12. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ ‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查代词It ‎【名师点睛】it 为形式宾语，其后的不定式为真正的宾语。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。另外，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎5.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.‎ ‎ A. in memory of B. in response to ‎ ‎ C. in touch with D. in possession of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in - 171 -‎ ‎ response to回应。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式，本句另外还含有一个过去分词（asked by local newsmen）作定语的用法。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】2. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查代词辨析。代词it, one和that都指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物，但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词，只可代指可数名词；that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词，可以代指不可数名词。one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】10. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.‎ ‎ A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】本题关键词是不可避免unavoidable. 本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查，四个选项意思都是相差很大的，该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的，另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.‎ ‎ A. on B. by C. in D. at ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。 take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词 ‎【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关，也有的是一些习惯搭配，这题就是这样。take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子，如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face。如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back。‎ ‎9.【2015·陕西】13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .‎ A. another B. the other C. other D. either ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词 ‎【名师点睛】考查代词的题目首先要弄清它指代的是什么，指代的数量，结合句意和代词本身的用法，再进行辨析。如果是一些相似的、易混的代词如another； the other；other；others ，就要弄清它们之间的差别。结合上下文句意来进行判断。‎ ‎10.【2015·福建】21.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.‎ A. all B. none C. either D. Neither - 171 -‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查副词辨析。该句中A.all全部；B.none没有一个；C.either两个中任何一个；D.两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查副词辨析，neither是一个否定副词，副词的作用是修饰形容词，动词，副词或句子。这里的是用来修饰动词contain。副词最普遍的结构是以ly结尾，但是也有一些其他的副词，比如so、however、beside、neither、nor等。考生在进行解题时也要注意句子整体意思的把握，以便找到合适的词。‎ ‎11.【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.‎ A. of B. on C. to D. with ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考察介词辨析。A.of表示关于，表示从属关系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示对于；D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A ‎【考点定位】考查介词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词的形式。需要考生掌握好相应介词的功能。‎ ‎12.【2015·福建】32.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.‎ A. in view of B. in need of C.in touch with 　D. in harmony with ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。‎ ‎13.【2015·江苏】34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.‎ A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_______ Thomas  Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things  around ‎ us.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。但很容易发现，A、C两项都可以表示“因为”，但but for还可以用于虚拟语气。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。‎ ‎14.【2015·安徽】33.They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.‎ A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner ‎【答案】D - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的；B发生故障的；C昼夜不停地；D即将来临。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查介词短语 ‎【名师点睛】解答本题需要结合四个选项的意思和句意综合考虑，四个短语的意思分别是“过时的”；“出故障的”；“昼夜不停的”和“即将到来的”。根据“will”可知是将要发生的事情，四个选项中，只有D项表示将来。‎ ‎15.【2015·湖北】30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined. ‎ A.in advance B.in detail C. in total D.in general ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A项“提前”；B项“详细地”；C项“总共，总计”；D项“大体上，笼统地”。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】介词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况，因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外，考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。‎ 专题三 形容词和副词 ‎1.【2015·浙江】13. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive.‎ ‎ A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查副词 ‎【名师点睛】 这个句式含有一个If 引导的状语从句，understand引导的宾语从句，一个非谓语短语作后置定语（put into our mouths），在解题的需要能够一一划分并区别开来。副词的作用是修饰形容词，动词，副词或句子，本题修饰的词是be alive，位置位于两个单词之间。‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】14. Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ ‎ A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：因此听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为。它包含听，理解和记忆。A. considerate意为考虑周全的， B. sensitive意为敏感的，C. reliable意为可靠的，D. passive意为被动的。根据not可以知道前后是反义表达，所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的，这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系，根据4个选项的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被动的。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查形容词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查了学生的分析句子成分的能力以及关注关键词not的能力。此句含有一个not a _______是插入语的句式，一个非谓语句式consisting of做后置定语。这是一个长句，去掉多余成分之后，它的主干句是Listening is an active behavior. 其中Thus是副词，作状语。And 连接三个相同结构hearing, understanding 和remembering .‎ ‎3.【2015·四川】9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze ‎【答案】C - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本句考查形容词作状语。本句考查形容词作伴随状语，意为：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃惊。主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。根据句意，本题选择C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查形容词作状语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查了形容词担当状语这一用法。形容词担当状语这一现象，很多考生都觉得难以理解。其实形容词担当状语通常不表达动作的方式，而表达了主语的状态等。故此题需要和主语little Tom保持一致，所以选择C，指小Tom感到很惊奇。‎ ‎4.【2015·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.‎ A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，故选择D，意为：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查最高级和比较级 ‎【名师点睛】本句考查了形容词最高级和比较级之间的区别。比较级是和其他事物进行比较，但是本题中只出现了一个玩具，见上文出现的the toy，故比较级不合适，即选项A、B是错误的。而根据修饰最高级用定冠词the这一用法可推断出，选择D。‎ ‎5.【2015·福建】23.It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B ‎【考点定位】考查形容词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查形容词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个形容词的意义及用法。在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，才能明确的判断出用来形容某人或者某事物的词语。当然明确辨析出各个形容词的含义也是很重要的，可以通过正反意词结合起来的记忆，也可以通过前缀、后缀来进行辨析。‎ ‎6.【2015·江苏】31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.‎ A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】形容词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。例如：conduct a comprehensive review“进行一次综合审查”，a comprehensive knowledge of “广泛的知识”，“comprehensive evaluation“综合评价”。‎ ‎7.【2015·安徽】26.I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ ‎ A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的；B优秀的，比......好的；C感激的；D有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。【考点定位】考查形容词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查形容词辨析。首先，要理解四个词的意思，这四个词的意思分别是“特殊的”；“优秀的”；“感激的”和“有吸引力的”；其次要结合句意来判断应该使用那一个词最贴切。根据“they helped...”可知，“我”是在表达感激之情。‎ ‎8.【2015·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies. ‎ A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately - 171 -‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是一个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地；B真诚地；C亲自，当面地，个人而言；D故意地。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查副词辨析，需要考生认识所给的四个副词，之后才能结合句意选出正确答案。四个词的意思是“合法地”；“真诚地”；“个人地”和“故意地”。根据“or through their companies”可以判断空白处指的是“以个人的名义”。‎ ‎9.【2015·湖北】29.The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】副词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析副词词义的能力。考生可根据“人的性格改变是需要一个过程的”这一常识迅速锁定正确选项，也可以根据题干中的关键词“used to be shy”和“and is more willing to express herself”这两个时态推知她的性格在逐渐改变。考生要注意used to的言外之意，意为“过去常常”, 暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态,强调“今昔之比”。10.【2015·湖北】27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.‎ A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A项“精确的”；B项“守时的，准时的”；C项“有效率的”；D项“合理的”。故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】形容词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。根据题干中的关键词“hurry a little”可推知他想要准时（守时）。考生容易误选C项efficient“有效率的”，侧重指积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调其能干、熟练的技巧。‎ ‎11.【2015·湖北】28.I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.‎ A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】形容词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。四个选项都有“be+adj.+to”的用法，但意义相差较大。根据题干中的关键词“missed the point（跑题，没抓住要点）”可推知他所说的和话题无关。‎ 专题四 动词和动词短语 ‎1.【2015·浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?‎ ‎ A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为漂浮， B. drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split意为洒出。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词词义辨析。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】该句含有一个条件状语从句If steel is heavier than water, 及一个疑问句why are ships able to on the sea。学生需要理解4个选项的词义。这4个单词都是和水有关，有一定的迷惑性。需要正确理解句子的意义，才能够得出答案。‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.‎ ‎ A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off.意为封锁， B. appeal to意为吸引， C. subscribe to意为订阅， D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是C吸引。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查动词短语时，常以“形似”或“意似”的短语作为选项。四个选项常采用以下形式：（一）动词相同，但副词或介词不同（二）副词或介词相同，但动词不同（三）动词、副词或介词均不相同。本题涉及到的是第（二）和（三）种。解答这类试题要认真分析句式结构、推敲句意，从所给的四个选项中选出符合句意的动词短语。‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】7. Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.‎ ‎ A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语搭配 ‎【名师点睛】考查动词短语时，常以“形似”或“意似”的短语作为选项。在安排这四个选项时，常采用以下形式：（一）动词相同，但副词或介词不同（二）副词或介词相同，但动词不同（三）动词、副词或介词均不相同。本题涉及到的是第（二）种。解答这类试题要认真分析句式结构、推敲句意，从所给的四个选项中选出符合句意的动词短语。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.‎ ‎ A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】动词绝对是高考英语复习的重点。对动词的考查约占高考语法与词汇试题的50%以上。要加强词汇、短语的记忆。要避免单纯地死记硬背，应善于寻找词汇、短语之间的联系，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】10. Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.‎ ‎ A. turn in B. turn down ‎ - 171 -‎ C. turn over D. turn to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出汤姆是拒绝了邀请，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better______ your doctor at once.‎ ‎ A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A. convince 说服；B. consult咨询； C. avoid 避免；D. affect影响。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。‎ ‎7.【2015·天津】14 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. ‎ ‎ A. have B. make C. display D. bring ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查动词短语的固定搭配。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】25. Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束；分解。所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语 ‎【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，以及词组和动词的搭配，做题时别忘了弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。‎ ‎9.【2015·福建】25.It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression w-hile what you say just 7 per cent.‎ A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查短语辨析。A.lies in在于；B.accounts for说明、引起；C.consists of包括；D.goes with相伴。该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B ‎【考点定位】考查动词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎10.【2015·江苏】29.The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.‎ A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】动词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】四个选项中的动词各不相同，但所搭配的介词都是to。因此，考生应注意掌握同一个介词与不同动词的搭配的用法。此题考生容易误选B项focus on“集中”，可以根据动词惯用搭配sb. focus on sth.“某人注意力（精力）集中在某事上”排除改选项。‎ ‎11.【2015·江苏】27.The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.‎ A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】动词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】四个选项中的动词各不相同，但有两个介词相同的搭配的用法。因此，考生应注意掌握同一个介词或副词与不同动词的搭配的用法。考生容易误选C项appeal to，应根据动词短语的惯用搭配“sth. appeal to sb.”排除改选项。‎ ‎12.【2015·安徽】22.If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查动词辨析。四个选项都是常见的动词，意思分别是“发展、培养”；“创造”；“代替”和“经历，体验”，考生不难理解其意思。另外，句意也较为简单，结合句意不难看出是“体验中国文化的深度和多样性”。C项有一定的迷惑性，考生可能会认为其余三项太普通了。‎ ‎13.【2015·湖北】23.The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.‎ A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A项“面对”；B项“阻止”；C项“提出，举起”；D项“分析”。故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】动词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】四个选项都可以与problem构成搭配，但只有一个符合句意。考生一定要结合语境，抓住句中的关键词，“find the best solution（找到最佳解决办法）”，“so that”这里引导的是目的状语从句，据此判断前面应为分析问题“analyze the problem”。考生应注意：切不可只根据搭配，这样可能会做出错误的选择。‎ ‎14.【2015·湖北】24.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.‎ A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】动词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】此题有一定难度，涉及到“熟词新义”。signal基本义是“发信号”，而“示意，暗示”‎ - 171 -‎ 这一“新义”需要靠考生平时积累。当然，还可以运用关键词法，“pointed her finger upwards（她用手向上指）”，据此可以推知这一动作就是在“示意，暗示”。‎ ‎15.【2015·湖北】25.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.‎ A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】动词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】考生要注意这里的he和candidate指的是同一个人，弄清这一点，再分析他的优势与他用英语跟外国人交流的能力之间的关系，很容易判断出“优势在于……”这层关系。另外考生注意积累There is no doubt that“毫无疑问”这一常考结构。‎ ‎16.【2015·湖北】26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.‎ A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】动词短语辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题语境贴近学生生活，生活中我们都有过这样的经历，找不到的东西过段时间又自己冒出来，考生可以利用这一语境并联系日常生活作答该题。另外，还可以抓住题干中的关键词“Don’t worry”和“sooner or later”迅速锁定正确答案。‎ ‎17.【2015·江苏】22.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.‎ A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】动词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题语境贴近学生生活，考生必须利用这一特定语境理解动词特定含义，如果脱离语境容易选择另外三个选项。从词性上看，四个选项中的动词均可用作及物或不及物。这时可以根据固定搭配“develop to one’s greatest potential(最大限度地发展潜能)”锁定正确选项。‎ 专题五 动词的时态和语态 ‎1.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎--Yes,we___by our hosts.‎ A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.‎ A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months…均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?‎ ‎—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?‎ A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I____ him later.‎ A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】1. —Is Peter coming?‎ ‎—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.‎ A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.‎ A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态 ‎【名师点睛】 现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： ①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.‎ ‎ A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词时态 ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.‎ A. has been reached B. was reached ‎ C. will reach D. will have reached ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. ‎ ‎ A. will teach B. would teach ‎ C. has taught D. will be teaching ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.‎ A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查过去将来时 ‎【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。这题的解题关键是didn’t know。‎ ‎12.【2015·陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.‎ A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时 ‎【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.‎ A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时 ‎【名师点睛】时态的考察在高考题的应用中也是无处不在的，时态本身的考察也是千变万化的，本题旨在考查学生对现在完成进行时的理解和用法的熟悉程度，要求结合语境进行分析，根据句子的意思可以判断出当前应该使用哪一种时态，本题中也有一定的暗示时态的标志ever since，从而可以判断出应该用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎14.【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。【考点定位】考查时态和语态辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法。时态也是高考题的一个重点。辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎15.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.‎ A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词时态 ‎【名师点睛】做时态题时，考生应抓住时态标志词，即题干中明显的时间状语或已有动词的时态，利用时态呼应的原则迅速锁定正确答案。本题中已有动词的时态为一般现在时，still暗示前面用一般过去时与此呼应。C项容易误选，这里现在完成时表示从过去到现在一直是这种状态，包括了现在，与后面的一般现在时有重复部分，故排除。‎ ‎16.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.‎ A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built ‎【答案】B【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。做时态类的题目，需要从句中找出时间状语，没有时间状语时，需要结合句意来判断句子的时态。根据“in years to come”可知，这里说的是将来的事情，且空间站是被建造的，space station和build是动宾关系，应该用被动语态。‎ ‎17.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.‎ A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。宾语从句的“三要素”是连接词、时态和语序。连接词主要可分为三种，即that；if/whether；what/how/when/where等；宾语从句用陈述句语序；宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致，发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时。‎ ‎18.【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"‎ ‎ A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时，故选C ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】根据选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如根据本题的He must have sensed和He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎19.【2015·湖南】25.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"‎ ‎ A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D ‎【考点定位】考查时间状语的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的I wasn't able to是一个提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎20.【2015·湖南】22.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.‎ ‎ A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As you go through this book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。‎ ‎21.【2015·湖南】35.That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will?‎ A. didn't B. don't C．weren't D．haven't ‎【答案】B 　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态；在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.在本题目中，可以从这个角度来判断，主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。比如：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时 如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。‎ ‎22.【2015·湖南】32.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.‎ A. am held back B. held back C．hold back D．was held back ‎【答案】D 　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hold与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的判断, 根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ - 171 -‎ 专题六 情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。‎ ‎3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。‎ ‎4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t ‎【答案】A - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t不允许；couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。‎ ‎9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.‎ A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。‎ ‎11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can C. would D. Should ‎【答案】D.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should ‎ - 171 -‎ 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。‎ 专题七 非谓语动词 ‎1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.‎ A. wondering B. wonder C．to wonder D．wondered ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、　动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.‎ A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，做题时可以先根据情景，语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ A. used B. having used C. using D. use ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，这个考点在高考中经常出现，本题考查的是分词做伴随状语，分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义； 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；He sen me an e-mail hoping to ge further information 他给我发一封电子邮件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.‎ ‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词非谓语 ‎【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解，另外也要对hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎ A. To work B. Worked ‎ C. To be working D. Having worked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故应当排除。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】5. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎ A. To absorb B. To be absorbed ‎ C. Absorbed D. Absorbing ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定式 ‎【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查过去分词 ‎【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时，首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词：是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。‎ ‎12.【2015·福建】28._________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C ‎【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".‎ A. combine B. combined C. combing D. being combined ‎【答案】C - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以故选C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎14.【2015·江苏】24.Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】独立主格结构 ‎【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎15.【2015·安徽】27.______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】考查动名词作主语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will be”前面的“______ the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。‎ ‎16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.‎ A. to talk over B. talked over C．talk over D．having talked over ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 专题八 定语从句 ‎1.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..‎ ‎ A. as B. where C. that D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.‎ A. which B.that C.when D.where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时，应该考虑关系副词，所以学生需要记住这种方法。‎ ‎3.【2015·重庆】14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.‎ A. whom B. which C. them D. that ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词，用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词，不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词，而及物动词后接宾语，则要求关系代词。Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句，首先从先行词入手，确实主语是人还是物，再根据定语从句缺少的成分来辨别到底用哪个引导词。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ ‎ A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which"，指人则用"介词+whom"， 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees - 171 -‎ ‎ enjoy their work.‎ A. where B. which C. when D. who ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。‎ ‎6.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ A．which B. what C. whose D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法，whose在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，还是比较容易判断的。此题中如果在covers之前加上定冠词the，则需要用of+which结构。即此题等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ ‎7.【2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.‎ A. which B. where C. whom D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。‎ ‎8.【2015·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. ‎ A. who B. whom C. that D. Which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D ‎【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。Which在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语，并且在从句中做主语。‎ ‎9.【2015·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ A. it B. which C. what D. as ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。‎ - 171 -‎ 考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。‎ ‎【考点定位】定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。‎ ‎10.【2015·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.‎ A. it B. that C. whose D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。‎ 专题十 名词性从句 ‎1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎ A. what B. that C. where D. who ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.‎ A. that B. where C. what D. why ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词性从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语，也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。‎ ‎3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.‎ - 171 -‎ A. what B. whom C. why D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词性从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种，名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型。isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；why和when作状语。介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.‎ ‎ A. what B. who C. that D. whoever ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词 ‎【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句，因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分，答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.）的表达。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ A. when B. how C. where D. why ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 宾语从句连接词的考查，宾语从句一共分为三类，一由that引导的宾语从句；二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分。三由if或whether引导宾语从句。首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类，再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个，是否符合当时的语境。‎ ‎6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ A. where B. why C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。通常情况下，宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导；如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if；而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词。通过四个选项，排除1、2两种情况。而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握。此句中，主语、宾语、定语并不缺少，故选项C、D是错误的，再根据句意，只有B最为恰当。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎7.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ ‎ A. what B. that C. why D. how ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句 ‎【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。‎ ‎8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ A. where B. how C. why D. If ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C ‎【考点定位】考查宾语从句 ‎【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点，引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分，不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同。通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词，及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语，但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析。‎ ‎9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.‎ A. That B. Why C. Where D. How ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词性从句 ‎【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入，句子结构变得稍显复杂，因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰，看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择，然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则，同时结合句意，迅速锁定正确答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ A. Where B.How C.Why D. When ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】主语从句。‎ 专题十一 特殊句式 ‎1.【2015·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ A. to keep B. to have kept C．keep D．have kept ‎【答案】C 　‎ ‎【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】考查祈使句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等.祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类.祈使句用于两个重要句型中；1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。‎ ‎2.【2015·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. ‎ A. she realized B. has she realized ‎ C. she has realized D. did she realize ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查倒装 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查only放在句首的部分倒装。在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语,则主句用倒装结构。但如果only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构了。本题考生还需要注意判定时态，答案就不难选出。‎ ‎3.【2015·湖南】23.Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ ‎ A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】考查only置于句首的部分倒装。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查学生是否知道only置于句首主句的句子要进行部分倒装以及部分倒装的定义。副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句， 该状语从句不倒装， 只对主句进行倒装，但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装。after talking to two students是一个状语，故对主语进行倒装。要求学生熟练掌握这个知识点。‎ ‎4.【2015·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. how ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：B； 根据分析：此句是It was…开头且去掉It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B ‎【考点定位】考查强调句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It was/is…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ A. while B. though C. that D. after ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】考查强调句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如： Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown. 直到 1998 年他才回到家乡注意：当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为： It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.‎ 专题十二 交际用语 ‎1.【2015·重庆】15. —Hello Jenny, can I see Ms. Lewis?‎ ‎ —____. I’ll tell you’re here.‎ A. With pleasure B. Never mind C. You’re welcome D. Just a minute ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你好，简妮，我能找一下路易斯女士吗？请稍等，我给你叫她。根据语境可知这是在打电话，故选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】情景交际。‎ ‎【名师点睛】对于情景交际类题目，首先要确定语境是在讲什么，再来进行判断。本题中提到I’ll　tell her you ‘re here可知是在打电话，再做出选择；With pleasure 用在别人请求你帮忙的时候，表示＂这是我的荣幸，（我很乐意去做）＂ -Could you help me(to)look after my baby? -With pleasure. ‎ ‎2.【2015·重庆】5. —I can drive you home.‎ ‎—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?‎ A. That would be great B. Don’t bother ‎ C. I’m afraid not D. Take care ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：我载你回家。太好了，但你确定没给添麻烦吗？根据are you sure it’s not too much trouble?可知表示同意，故选A项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情景交际。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情景交际顾名思义就要根据情景来进行作答，所以语境的判断是十分重要的，根据are you sure it’s not too much trouble可知表示同意，故可以很顺利找到答案。注意此类题三个步骤，一 仔细审题，明确大意；二，分析圣诞，试填答案； 三 全题复读，融会贯通。‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】20. 一Why don’t you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou?‎ 一 .‎ ‎ A. I wouldn’t mind that B. Then we’ll get there quickly ‎ C. Let’s call it a day D. It’s not a requirement ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】该题和第1题都是交际用语考查题，侧重考查学生综合运用英语的能力，考生要深入情景，注意中西方文化差异，注重礼貌和合作优先原则，利用有效的语境因素，注意言语的含义。能够做到这一些那么这些题目，自然就迎刃而解了。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】1. ——Hi, John. Are you busy?‎ - 171 -‎ ‎—— ‎ ‎ A. Yes.I do agree. B. Yes.That would be nice.‎ ‎ C. No.Are you sure? D. No.What’s up?‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：有人问John 是否有空？John的回答是没有，怎么了？此题首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然后分析这种表达使用的场合。交际用语的考查要注意上下文的连贯，才可以正确选择到答案。A. Yes. I do agree.的意思是：是的，我同意。这种表达用于回答是否赞同的情况。 B. Yes. That would be nice.的意思是：是的，这会很好。这种表达用于表达观点看法。C. No. Are you sure? 的意思是：不，你确定吗？这种表达不确定时的再次询问。D. No. What’s up? 意思是不，怎么了？4个选项分别有两个是表肯定的回答，两个是表否定的回答。而在Yes或No之后，其中有两句是陈述语气，表肯定，还有两个是疑问句式，用于展开下一句话。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】交际用语是高考热点，主要以对话形式体现，以情景为依托，语料丰富，情景生动，突出实用，侧重考查学生综合运用英语的能力，考生要深入情景，注意中西方文化差异，注重礼貌和合作优先原则，利用有效的语境因素，注意言语的含义。能够做到这一些那么这些题目，自然就迎刃而解了。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】1. —Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you. ‎ ‎—______, but don’t do that again! ‎ A. Go ahead B. Forget it C. It depends D. With pleasure ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意:——对不起，Liz。我想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。——算了吧，不过不要再那样做了。A. Go ahead 好吧，行啊；B. Forget it算了吧，不必在意； C. It depends 那还得看情况了；D. With pleasure乐意效劳。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意，然后抓住关键转折词but，就不难选出正确答案。应对日常交际用语考题，考生应首先需要掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语，然后判断该题所适用的情景场合，最后判断出正确答案。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】4. —Jack, you seem excited. ‎ ‎—______? I won the first prize in the English speech contest.‎ A. Guess what B. So what ‎ C. Pardon me D. Who cares ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——杰克，你看起来很兴奋。——猜猜看？我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。A. Guess what 猜猜看；B. So what那又怎么样； C. Pardon me 请问刚才你说的什么；D. Who care谁管它呢。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句I won the first prize，就不难选出正确答案。应对日常交际用语考题，考生应首先需要掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语，然后判断该题所适用的情景场合，最后判断出正确答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·四川】1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.‎ ‎ —______ Mike can do it later.‎ A. No way B. Take your time C. Nothing serious D. You're welcome ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情景交际。选项A 意为没门；选项B意为慢慢来；选项C意为没什么大不了的；选项D意为不客气。此题上文意为：对不起，我忘了锁门；下文意为Mike稍后会做的，根据语境选择C最为恰当。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情景交际 ‎【名师点睛 - 171 -‎ ‎】本题考查情景交际用语。情景交际用语考查学生在特定的语言环境中运用语言的能力，容易受到中西方文化不同思维方式的影响，指考虑语法规则而忽视礼貌得体原则。故要求考生平时要注意总结、归纳。此题主要考查了劝慰别人的话，设题较为简单，没有中式英语的出现，不会影响考生作出正确的判断。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】11. ---Let’s go to the New Year’s Eve party, shall we?‎ ‎---- I guess it will be fun.‎ A. Forget it! B. No way! C. Why not? D. What for?‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--让我们去新年夜晚会，好吗？---好啊!我想那一定很有趣.Forget it！“得了，忘了吧！”；No way！“没门”；Why not！“好啊！”；What for？“为什么？”，所以选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际英语 ‎【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维。对话时要考虑以礼貌用语为主。‎ ‎9.【2015·陕西】16. —Sir, could I hand in my homework a bit late?‎ ‎----- __________, since you’ve been unwell these days.‎ ‎ A. You can’t be serious B. I’m afraid not ‎ C. Good idea D. Well, all right ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--老师，我可以迟一些交我的作业吗？--好的，因为你最近一直不舒服。You can’t be serious你一定是开玩笑吧!；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；Good idea好主意；Well，all right好啊，行。所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际英语 ‎【名师点睛】对于交际用语的考查。首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，对话时要以礼貌用语为主。‎ ‎10.【2015·福建】35.—Hi, Dr Brown! I'm a little early. Should I wait outside? —No. .‎ A. That's right B. My pleasure C. Come on in D. Take it easy ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】交际用语是高考热点，主要以对话形式体现，以情景为依托，语料丰富，情景生动，突出实用，侧重考查学生综合运用英语的能力，考生要深入情景，注意中西方文化差异，注重礼貌和合作优先原则，利用有效的语境因素，注意言语的含义。能够做到这一些那么这些题目，自然就迎刃而解了。‎ ‎11.【2015·江苏】23.—Jim, can you work this Sunday?‎ ‎—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.‎ A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A项“为什么是我？”；B项“为什么不呢?”；C项“要是……会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样?”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】本题四个选项均是高考交际用语高频考点，分属不同的日常话题。B项用于“向别人提建议”；C项用于“提出假设”；D项带有“ 带有不服气和挑衅的意思”。考生在做题时应注意：1.形式相似的惯用语的异同；2.语境文化差异；3.积累固定的表达；4.区分道歉与道谢的答语等。‎ ‎12.【2015·江苏】33.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?‎ ‎—Well, you know he’s _______ .‎ - 171 -‎ A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运儿”；D项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】英语俗语 ‎【名师点睛】本题四个选项中前三项都是很常见的俗语。而且，B项a wet blanket“扫兴的人或物”（正确答案）就来自于课本。因此，考生平时除了要注重积累，更要关注课本上出现过的俗语、习语和谚语。‎ ‎13.【2015·安徽】35.— How is your table tennis these days? Still playing? ‎ ‎—______. I just don't seem to find the time these days.‎ A. That's right B. No, not much C That's great D. Don’t worry ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--你的乒乓球练得怎样了？还在练习吗？--没怎么练。我现在似乎没有时间练习。A是的，没错；B没，没怎么打；C真棒；D别担心。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查交际用语。四个选项的意思是“是的”；“没，不太多”；“很棒”和“不要担心”。交际用语的提示信息一般在答语中，解答本题需要从答语的后句入手，答语第二句说最近没有时间，说明最近很少练习。‎ ‎14.【2015·安徽】21. — Can you come to a party on Saturday, Peter? ‎ ‎— Oh, ______I'm already going out, I'm afraid.‎ A. what a pity! B. don't ask! C. how come? D. so what?‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--皮特，你周六能来参加聚会吗？--噢，真遗憾！(到时候)恐怕我已经出去了。A真遗憾！；B别问了！；C怎么会？；D那又怎样？根据句意可知，这里指可能参加不了聚会，因此此处表示“遗憾”，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查交际用语 ‎【名师点睛】这是一道考查交际用语的题目。命题贴近生活实际，考生容易联系生活实际进行解答。交际用语类的题目，做题时主要看答语的后半部分，答案的提示往往在后半句有所体现。本题而言，根据“I'm already going out”可知“我”到时候可能不在，由此可知，“我”不能参加晚会，这是一件令人遗憾的事情。‎ 专题十三 阅读理解之人物传记、故事类 ‎1.【2015·湖北卷】B What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can（装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.‎ ‎ Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.‎ ‎ Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.‎ ‎“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just - 171 -‎ ‎ a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”‎ Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”‎ In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”‎ ‎55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.‎ A. recipe B. substitute C. requirement D. challenge ‎56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?‎ A. They are used daily.‎ B. They are easy to grow.‎ C. They can grow very tall D. They can be eaten uncooked ‎57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?‎ A. It can preserve their best flavor ‎ B. It can promote her online sales C. It can better her cooking skills ‎ D. It can improve their nutrition ‎58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?‎ A. The knowledge about good food B. The way to live a grow-our-own life C. The joy of getting in touch with foods  ‎ D. The responsibility to protect our earth ‎【考点定位】记叙文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是：人不离事,事不离人。写人的文章事情是重点；记事的文章人物是关键。考生要注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，重点关注作者重墨泼就的细节描写，领会作者的写作意图。同时还要把握人物的情绪起伏,要进入“角色”，客观做题。本文顺应当前社会生活潮流，介绍了园艺和食品保存大师Theresa Loe如何利用阳台、小院在喧嚣繁忙的大都市里过田园生活。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京卷】A The Boy Made It!‎ One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.‎ ‎ Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he - 171 -‎ ‎ had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.‎ He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.‎ Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.‎ By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could- he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.‎ The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.‎ Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show. Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.‎ When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.‎ ‎56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?‎ A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.‎ C. He hurt his eyes D. He caught a cold ‎57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm?‎ A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.‎ C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.‎ ‎58. On Tuesday, Nicholas _____.‎ A. returned to his shelter safely B. was saved by a searcher C. got stuck in the snow D. staved where he was ‎59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _____.‎ A. did the right things in the dangerous situation B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly C. created some tips for survival D. was very hard-working ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。‎ ‎56. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三行，Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone!”可知答案。说明在Nicholas迷路了。故选A。‎ ‎57. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段根据第四段第一行，Nicholas built a snow cave。以及to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D。‎ ‎58.B 细节理解题。根据第六段第三行，He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him。可知，星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。‎ ‎59.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的，He was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyonehow hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive。”可知，Grylls这个人想表达一个小男孩能在如此困难的情况下成功逃生是难能可贵的，A选项正好能表达此意思。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类阅读 - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查记叙文，讲的是“小孩在山里迷路，求生的过程”，做好一篇记叙文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必须交代清楚记叙的要素，即：时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。弄清记叙文中的人称代词指代的对象，有利于更好地理解文意。线索是记叙文的纲，抓住线索，就能理顺文章内容，掌握文章结构，更好地理解文章的中心思想。记叙文以叙事为主，但有时也运用描写、说明和议论。尤其是要注意夹叙夹议类文章，它的题目往往设计为推理性和总结性题目。文中题目往往在文中能找到出处，把握好文中具体细节即可。‎ ‎3.【2015·广东】A Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box haven’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”‎ Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.‎ ‎“You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.‎ ‎“Yes, you’re right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”‎ ‎“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.‎ ‎ “No problem.” Peter said.‎ After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.‎ Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.‎ ‎“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”‎ The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”‎ ‎“I’ve got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.‎ ‎“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”‎ ‎26. Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game?‎ A. It was made around 40 years ago.‎ B. It had game boards in different sizes.‎ C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.‎ D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.‎ ‎27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game?‎ A. Old and handy.‎ B. Rare and valuable.‎ C. Classic and attractive.‎ D. Colorful and interesting ‎28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _________.‎ A. an auction B. the Internet C. a game shop D. the second-hand shop ‎29. What happened at the end of the story?‎ A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.‎ B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.‎ C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.‎ D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.‎ ‎30. What is the main theme of the story?‎ A. It’s important to keep a promise.‎ B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.‎ C. We should be grateful for the help from others.‎ D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的游戏盒子，并到网上拍卖。结果他挣了1000美元。为了感激这位女销售员，他给了她300美元做为回报。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎26. A细节理解题。根据“I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”可知这个游戏盒子大约在40年前制造的。故选A。‎ ‎27. B推理判断题。根据the salesgirl said,“Oh, look, the game box hasn’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.”可知这个女销售员认为这个游戏盒子没有打开过，可能值钱，有价值。故选B。‎ ‎28. B推理判断题。根据The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game…..He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.可知Peter是从网上得知这个游戏爱好者的名字。故选B。‎ ‎29. A 细节理解题。根据Peter said,“ I sold the game and made $1000.Thank you for your suggestion,”He handed her three $100 bills.可知Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她300美元作为回报。故选A。‎ ‎30. C推理判断题。全文围绕着Peter听了女销售员的建议，买了这个游戏盒，赚了钱，为了表示感谢，他给了这位女销售员300美元作为回报。故推断这个故事的主题是我们应该感激别人的帮助。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，主要的是要理解全文的中心思想，让人们懂得学会感激别人的帮助。第30题，需要学生通过阅读全文，概括总结出，作者的意图。‎ ‎4.【2015·陕西】B When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.‎ ‎ Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.‎ ‎ Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.‎ ‎ For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.‎ ‎ A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.‎ The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.‎ It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”. ‎ ‎50. The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was ‎ ‎ A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricane ‎ C. blocked by a rock D. running after a sheep ‎51. Who spotted Judy after the accident?‎ ‎ A. A birdwatcher B. A student from Leeds ‎ C. Six volunteers D. The coastguard of Cornwall ‎52. What can we infer from the text?‎ ‎ A. People like to travel with their pets.‎ ‎ B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.‎ ‎ C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.‎ ‎ D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.‎ ‎53. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Miracle of the Coastguard. B. Surviving a Hurricane.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ C. Dangers in the Wild D. Coming Back from the Dead.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍是叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。真是很幸运的事情。‎ ‎50.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子：The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields…,Then she ran along the edge of a cliff(悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.可知叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。故选D。‎ ‎51.细节理解题。根据文章第五段的句子：A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. 可知事故后是一个观鸟者看见了Judy，故选A。‎ ‎52.细节理解题。根据文章第六段的句子：It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.可知在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用。故选C。‎ ‎53.主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可知介绍一只狗掉到悬崖下面死里逃生的经历，所以用Coming Back from the Dead比较合适。故选D。学优高考网 ‎【考点定位】故事类阅读理解 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类阅读理解。这种题材内容易懂而且有趣味性，是考生擅长的，这篇文章篇幅不长，难易度适中，考查细节题为主。通读全文后，可以带着问题到文章中找出信息句，分析信息句和题干，选项之间的关联，答案不难找出。‎ ‎5.【2015·四川】B ‎ Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.‎ And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The Smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.‎ ‎ As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour. the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.‎ Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!‎ Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn’t look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn’t offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible and we drank up every last drop of soup.‎ ‎34.Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin’s chicken house regularly?‎ A. To earn some money for the family.‎ B. To collect manure for his crops.‎ C. To get rid of the terrible smell.‎ D. To set a good example to us.‎ ‎35.What can we infer about Dad’s stew?‎ A. It is popular among the neighbors.‎ B. It contains honey and vegetables.‎ C. It looks very wonderful.‎ D. It tastes quite delicious.‎ ‎36.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A. To attract B. To upset C. To air D. To shut ‎37.What can we learn about Dad form the text?‎ A. He is an experienced cook.‎ - 171 -‎ B. He is a troublesome father.‎ C. He has a positive attitude to life.‎ D. He suffers a lot from his disability.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查记叙文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查记叙文阅读。在高考试卷中，每套试卷中通常都会包含记叙文。通常情况下记叙文阅读的难度相对比较低。要求考生能够依据文章的写作顺序，弄清文章大意，了解记叙文的5W(what/who/when/where/why)，同时关注考题中的细节，掌握文章的主题大意。本题中细节理解题有一题（34），要求考生能关注关键词manure，在原文中迅速定位；推理判断题有两题（35、37题），要求考生能够迅速找到与之相关的stew和父亲的做事风格等。记叙文阅读通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生能通过对上下午的理解猜测出词的大概意思。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】C One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.‎ ‎ In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.‎ ‎ There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical（相同的） to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.‎ Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.‎ ‎ My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.‎ ‎ I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.‎ ‎46. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to_____.‎ A. encourage him to do more walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer C. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons ‎47. The book caught the author’s eye because_____.‎ - 171 -‎ A. it contained pretty pictures of animals B. it reminded him of his own dog C. he found its title easy to understand D. he liked children’s stories very much ‎48. Why could the author manage to read the book through?‎ ‎ A. He was forced by his mother to read it.‎ B. He identified with the story in the book.‎ C. The book told the story of his pet dog.‎ D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.‎ ‎49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. The author has become a successful writer.‎ B. The author’s mother read the same book.‎ C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books.‎ D. The author has had happy summers ever since.‎ ‎50. Which one could be the best title of the passage?‎ A. The Charm of a Book B. Mum’s Strict Order C. Reunion with My Beagle D. My Passion for Reading ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章大意：文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。‎ ‎46. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.可知母亲让他借书看是为了治愈他的阅读问题。故选C。‎ ‎47. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.可知此本书引起作者注意的原因。选B。‎ ‎48. B 推理判断题。根据第四段That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.可知作者感同身受地把自己与书本得主人公联系在一起。选B。‎ ‎49. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。‎ ‎50. A 主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，从而展现给我们书本的魅力。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文阅读，整体难度中等。考生需要从整体把握全文，全面理解作者是怎么从阅读困难的孩子，从而演化为一名成功的作家的历程，特别注重作者将自己融合到书本的细节方面的描写。‎ ‎7.【2015·重庆】A At thirteen, I was diagnosed（诊所） with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.‎ In my first literature class, Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”‎ ‎ She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are no different from your classmates, young man.”‎ I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.‎ In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots（点）, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.‎ Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; Ijust needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give - 171 -‎ ‎ up?‎ I didn’t expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs.Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day- with an“A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words:“ See what you can do when you keep trying?”‎ ‎36. The author didn’t finish the reading in class because.‎ A. He was new to the class B. He was tried of literature C. He had an attention disorder D. He wanted to take the task home ‎37. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?‎ A. He had good sight B. He made a great invention.‎ C. He gave up reading D. He learned a lot from school ‎38. What was Mrs.Smith ‘s attitude to the author at the end of the story?‎ A. Angry B. Impatient C. Sympathetic D. Encouraging ‎38. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A.The disabled should be treated with respect.‎ B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.‎ C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.‎ D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事 ‎36.C细节理解题。根据第一段At thirteen, I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder.可知作者被诊断出注意力紊乱，故选C项。‎ ‎37.B 推断题。根据第五段提到it was about a blind person,Louise Braile,和 Instead , he invented a reading systerm of raised dots，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind可知Louise Braile是个盲人，创造了盲文，故选B项。‎ ‎38.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到so it was a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A”当我看到作业上A时，非常的吃惊，史密斯小姐对我的态度是令人鼓励的，故选D项。‎ ‎39.C 主旨大意。本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事，故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】日常生活类阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，着重一些事实细节，认真阅读题干，找到问题的切入点，不可以自以为的事实做为判断的依据，而要立足于文章，而37题属于推断题，则要根据排除来进行选择，且注意主语是谁，不可与文章的主人公混淆；38题是主旨大意，首先比较选项，排除完全没有意义的A项，再根据文章的大意来判断哪个答案更符合。‎ ‎8.【2015·安徽】B When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing oneperson. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.‎ Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.‎ Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."‎ Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎60. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.‎ A. the strength of family unity B. the difficulty of growing up C. the advantage of chopsticks D. the best way of giving a lesson ‎61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.‎ A. started a business in 1975 B. left Vietnam without much money C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles ‎62. What can we infer about the An daughters?‎ A. They did not finish their college education.‎ B. They could not bear to work in the family business.‎ C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.‎ D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.‎ ‎63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from Peace C. How to Achieve a Big Dream D. Family Unity Builds Success ‎【答案】‎ ‎60. A ‎61. B ‎62. C ‎63. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章通过讲述一个家族企业的发展历程。作者以此来强调家庭团结的重要性。Helene和丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。Helene给她的女儿讲述了一个关于团结的故事。一双筷子很容易被折断，但是，当几双筷子绑在一起时，它们将很难被折断，对于家庭来说亦是如此。‎ ‎60. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family.‎ This lesson about family unity...”可知，Helene把筷子绑在一起并试着折断它们，是为了显示团结的力量。‎ ‎61. B 细节理解题。根据“when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.”可知，当离开越南时，Helene夫妇并没有太多的钱。‎ ‎62. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Eventually the girls all graduated from college”排除A；根据“the daughters returned to work in the family business”可知，Helene的女儿们相继都回到了家族企业，但文中未提到她们无法承受家族企业里的工作，排除B；根据“they worked together to make the business successful”可知，虽然有分歧，但她们还是齐心协力地工作，排除D。‎ ‎63. D 选择最佳标题。根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结).”和第三段“to succeed we must have unity”与第四段“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】细节理解题比较简单，考生可以从文中直接找到提示；推理判断题需要从文中找到排除某一个选项的依据，而不能主观臆断。选择最佳标题，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从手段和末段寻找文章的主旨大意。‎ ‎9.【2015·新课标全国II】A My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.‎ Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.‎ When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to - 171 -‎ ‎ go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.‎ ‎21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?‎ A. He got an older model than he had expected.‎ B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.‎ C. He could have bought it at a lower price.‎ D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.‎ ‎22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?‎ A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels ‎ C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies ‎23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?‎ A. By shaking and hitting it B. By turning it on and off C. By switching channels ‎ D. By having it repaired ‎24. How does the author sound when telling the story?‎ A. Curious B. Anxious C. Cautious D. Humorous ‎【答案】‎ ‎21. C ‎ ‎22. A ‎23. D ‎ ‎24. D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：我的彩电带给我的只有让我头疼的事。从一开始就让我很不痛快。因为我花的钱比广告上的多，这还不算，机子还是过时的，而且质量也有问题，先是接受频道不全，接着是噪音不断，最后只好自己花钱去修。‎ ‎21. C 细节理解题。根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。‎ ‎22.A 词义推测题。根据后一句Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.：幸运的是，我没有可以整晚看电影的频道，否则我就不能睡觉了，故选A。‎ ‎23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。‎ ‎24.D推理判断题。根据开头Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.意思是说：看不了电视节目就可以睡觉；中间还说I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.意思是：晃动电视的同时还锻炼了胳膊上肌肉，可知作者很诙谐幽默。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文以考查学生对本故事的内容是否理解为主要考点，以细节理解题为主，兼顾对词语在语境中的意义的考查。最后一题较难，推断作者对事情的态度，考生需要在全文中寻找有关线索，尤其对Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.的理解很关键，or I would never have gotten to bed.是一个虚拟语气句，看不成电视反而成了好事；I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set，晃电视是因为有噪音，作者竟然还提到锻炼了胳膊的肌肉，从中可以看出作者幽默的一面。‎ ‎10.【2015·福建】B Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to - 171 -‎ ‎ learn," he'd say. "Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that none of his children would be denied ( fll^fe) an education.‎ Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point. Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.‎ Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen. "Felice," he'd say, "tell me what you learned today. " "I learned that the population of Nepal is .... " Silence.‎ Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well . . . . " he'd say. "Get the map; let's see wrhere Nepal is. " And the wThole family went on a search for Nepal.‎ This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.‎ As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.‎ Later during my training as a future teacher /1 studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.‎ ‎60.What do we know from the first paragraph?‎ A. The author's father was born in a worker's family.‎ B. Those born stupid could not change their life.‎ C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.‎ D. The poor could hardly afford school education.‎ ‎61.The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to " ‎ A. one new thing B. a request C. the news D. some comment ‎62.It can be learned from the passage that the author .‎ A. enjoyed talking about news B. knew very well about Nepal C. felt regret about those wasted days D . appreciated his father's educational technique ‎63What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?‎ A. Continual learning. B. Showing talents.‎ C. Family get-together. D. Winning Papa's approval.‎ ‎64.The author's father can be best described as .‎ A. an educator expert at training future teachers B. a parent insistent on his children's education C. a participant willing to share his knowledge D. a teacher strict about everything his students did ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查记叙文阅读。本文是一篇记叙文，通过对父亲的教育方式的描写，表达了作者对于父亲的敬爱。‎ ‎60.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句最后半句，for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school.因为教育是对有钱人开放的，所以世界城了爸爸的学校。可以推断出作为一个穷人的爸爸付不起学费，故选D - 171 -‎ ‎61.C分析推断题。这里的it代指的是news，代指的是前面的主语。根据该词附近的语境可以知道我们会谈论一天的新闻，不论重要与否，都不是可以等闲视之的。故选C ‎62.D细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句Later during my training as a future teacher studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along：在我成为未来教师的实习中，我和一些很有名的教育者一同学习，他们传授着父亲所知道的——持续教育的意义。故选D ‎63.A分析推断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句His technique has served me well all my life. 他的教育方式使我受用终生。而该句前一句中又提到父亲的教育方式就是持续性的教育，故选A学优高考网 ‎64.B分析推断题。从全文来看，我们可以知道父亲的教育方针就是让我们持续性的学习，故可以知道父亲是一个坚持着教育孩子的人。故选B ‎【考点定位】记叙文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】记叙文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做，贴近生活，但需要的是一个细心和理解。答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。‎ ‎【2015·新课标全国I】C Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.‎ The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.‎ The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.‎ The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.‎ ‎28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?‎ A. Optimistic. B. Productive. C. Generous. D. Traditional.‎ ‎29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?‎ ‎ A. One of his masterworks.‎ ‎ B. A successful screen adaptation.‎ ‎ C. An artistic creation for the stage.‎ ‎ D. One of the best TV programmes.‎ ‎30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?‎ A. By popularity.‎ B. By importance.‎ C. By size and shape.‎ D. By time and subject.‎ ‎31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? ‎ ‎ A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎28. B ‎ ‎29. A ‎ ‎30. D ‎ ‎31. A ‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】说明类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇文章为中等难度，难度主要体现在于艺术题材对学生来说相对陌生，且对于艺术作品的解释比较抽象。考生容易从心理上排斥此类阅读理解，但题目本身都是可以在原文中定位并找到答案的细节理解题，只要静心下来仔细寻找即可。最后一题的词义猜测稍微有点难度，因为contribution这个词对考生来说并不陌生，但此处并非“捐献”的含义。‎ 专题十四 阅读理解之新闻报道、广告类 ‎1.【2015·北京卷】B Revolutionary TV Ears TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment —maybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.‎ ‎ TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.‎ Doctor Recommended TV Ears!‎ ‎“My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television . As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”‎ ‎ — Robert Forbes, M. D, CA Customer Recommended TV Ears!‎ ‎ “ Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on ! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.”‎ ‎ — Darlene & Jack B, CA Risk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial.‎ Special Offer — Now ＄59.95.‎ - 171 -‎ If you’re not satisfied, return it.‎ Money-back guarantee!‎ Call now ! 800-123-7832‎ ‎60. TV Ears helps you _____.‎ A. improve your sleeping quality B. listen to TV without disturbing others C. change TV channels without difficulty D. become interested in ballgame programs ‎61. What makes TV Ears different from other headsets?‎ A. It can easily set TV on mute.‎ B. Its headset volume is adjustable.‎ C. It has a new noise reduction car tip.‎ D. It applies special wireless technology.‎ ‎62. This advertisement is made more believable by _____.‎ A. using recommendations B. offering reasons for this invention C.providing statistics. D.showing the results of experiments.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一个广告，介绍的是一个全新的“电视耳机”，题目比较简单。‎ ‎60.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第五行while other TV listener hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them可知这种新型电视耳机不会打扰到其他人，符合B选项中的without disturbing others。故选B。‎ ‎61.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一行includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset。”可知这个全新的“电视耳机”包括一个全新的降噪耳塞，符合C中的It has a new noise reduction ear tip。故选C。‎ ‎62．A 细节理解题。文中方框的内容很明显是来自医生和顾客的推荐(recommend)，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】广告布告类阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查了广告类阅读题目，做好此类题只需要细心的在原文中找到答案，对比选项和原文，然后找到正确的答案。广告类阅读题目比较简单，题中往往能够找到家具体的出处。‎ ‎2.【2015·江苏】A - 171 -‎ ‎56.According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .‎ A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation ‎57.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?‎ A. Take your own camping facilities.‎ B. Bury glass far away from rivers.‎ C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.‎ D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.‎ ‎【考点定位】应用文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当，为了突显其实用性，用语一般言简意赅，较少出现复杂的长句或生僻的词汇。高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，附带考查主旨大意题和推理判断题。因此，阅读这类文章时，考生应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法寻找主要细节信息，可达到事半功倍的效果。‎ ‎3.【2015·陕西】A Share with us ‎ ‎ Would you like to have your writing published in this magazine?‎ ‎ Then let us know! We pay for stories, anecdotes and jokes:‎ Anecdotes and Jokes ‎＄50‎ What’s made you laugh recently? A funny sign? A colleague’s be haviour? Got a joke? Send it in for Laughter is the Best Medicine!‎ Email: Juliet@sws.com Smart Animals Up to ＄100‎ Send us a tale about the strange behaviour of unique pets or wildlife in up 300 words.‎ Email: audry@sws.com Power of Love Up to ＄150‎ Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. Share your moments 100—500 words.‎ Email: susan@sws.com My Story ‎＄350‎ Do you have an inspiring or life-changing story to tell? Your story must be true, unpublished, original and 800-1000words.‎ Email: nanjc@sws.com For more information, please visit: http://www.sws.com./share ‎46. How much will the magazine pay for a joke to be published? ‎ A. ＄50 B. ＄100 C. ＄150 D.＄350‎ ‎47. If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need to submit it to .‎ A. Anecdotes and Jokes B. Smart Animals ‎ C. Power of Love D. My Story ‎48. A story showing people’s generosity should be emailed to the editor at .‎ - 171 -‎ A. juliet@sws.com B. susan@sws.com C. Audrey@sws.com D. nanjc@sws.com ‎49. An inspiring story sent to the magazine should . ‎ A. describe strange behaviour B. contain less than 800 words C. be real and original D. be published before ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍是杂志的征稿启事，介绍各个版面的稿费和要求。‎ ‎46.细节理解题。根据Anecdotes and Jokes里面的句子：$50,可知这本杂志会为笑话付50美元的稿费，所以选A。‎ ‎47.细节理解题。根据Smart Animals里面的句子：Send us a tale about the strange behavior of unique pets of wildlife in up to 300 words,可知如果你想和读者分享宠物的故事，你需要提交给Smart Animals，所以选B ‎48.细节理解题。根据Power of Love里面的句子：Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. 可知展示人们慷慨的故事应该用电邮发给susan@sws.com的编辑，故选B。‎ ‎49.细节理解题。根据My Story里面的句子：Your story must be true, unpublished, original and 800-1000 words.可知一个激励人心的故事应该是真实的原创的，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】广告布告类阅读理解 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇广告布告类阅读理解，这种题目一般是比较简单的，考查细节题为主。可以使用信息筛选法做题。为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目在文中寻读的方法找到信息句，理解并找出正确答案。‎ ‎4.‎ ‎【2015·四川】第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）‎ - 171 -‎ ‎31.The card above is_________‎ A. a ticket B. a postcard C. an invitation D. an advertisement ‎32.The party is for_________‎ A. a birthday B. the Queen C. bee watching D. the National Day ‎33.According to the card ,if you are unable to go ,you can.‎ A. return the card B. visit the Museum C. ignore the message D. contact Alice's mother ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。‎ ‎31.C 主旨大意题。根据文章的we are throwing a party 以及come bug with us.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。‎ ‎32.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 Alice is turning 2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。‎ ‎33.D 细节理解题。根据文章中的regrets to the Queen Bee at 601-555-4111可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查应用文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】这是一张邀请函，属于英语阅读理解中的应用文阅读。应用文阅读的设题中通常多出现细节理解题。而邀请函的所有的细节都在一张卡片上呈现，故要求考生要细细研读这种卡片，找出题目所需细节。做题时可以采用跳读的方式，即直接根据题干，到文中找出所需要的细节即可。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】A University Room Regulations ‎ Approved and Prohibited Items The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. ‎ Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.‎ Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.‎ Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.‎ Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ 36. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?‎ A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B. Wireless routers and radios.‎ C. Hair dryers and candles. D. TVs and electric blankets.‎ ‎37. What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?‎ A. The combination should be changed. ‎ B. The Office should be charged.‎ C. He should replace the door lock. ‎ D. He should check out of the room.‎ ‎38. What do we know about the cooking policy?‎ A. A microwave oven can be used.‎ ‎ B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.‎ C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.‎ D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.‎ ‎39. If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.‎ A. parent visits B. a fine of $100‎ C. the Student Court D. a written notice ‎40. When can students enjoy a party in residences?‎ A. 7:00 am, Sunday. B. 7:30 am, Thursday.‎ C. 11:30 pm, Monday. D. 00:30 am, Saturday.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章大意：文章主要介绍了大学宿舍的规范。‎ ‎36. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.可知电视机和电热毯是允许使用的。故选D。‎ ‎37. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.可知需要改变组合密码。选A。‎ ‎38. A细节理解题。根据第三段With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.可知小的微波炉是可以使用的。选A。‎ ‎39. C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.可以得出答案。故选C。‎ ‎40. D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am.可知周六的安静时间是早上1点到8，故可以推断出答案。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】公告类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇应用文，整体难度较低，题目均为考查细节理解题，只需通过关键词定位可得出答案，最后一道题需要稍加推理才能判断出答案。考生做阅读理解时可以先从5个问题着手，带着问题到原文中找出相应的部分，然后对照和比较，就不难选出正确答案。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】D There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.‎ Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.‎ The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face. It is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.‎ In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace. With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the - 171 -‎ ‎ romance of Africa comes to life.‎ Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback Safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.‎ ‎48. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?‎ A. Flooded waters B. Wildlife journey ‎ C. Safari camps D. Unique rides ‎49. What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?‎ A. Seeing and feeling the real African life.‎ B. Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.‎ C. Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.‎ D. Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.‎ ‎50. What does the underlined word "sedate" probably mean?‎ A. Wild and romantic B. Slow and peaceful C. Hurry and thirsty D. Active and excited ‎51. The author introduced the riding experience in the OKavango Delta mainly by________.‎ A. Following space order B. Following time order C. Making classifications D. Giving examples ‎【考点定位】广告类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】广告类阅读理解相对来说是比较容易的，但这就可能会在题干上设定一些难度，所以要注意同义词和同义句话的使用，及文章的写作方式，抓住重点；广告类阅读中最容易出现的指代题目，如48题和50题，首先要定位段落，再根据上下文来确定其指代内容；而在49题中明显的体现同义词，题干中是most exciting而文章中是The sense of excitement从而可以容易的找到答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·安徽】A Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.‎ Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)‎ Nearpod ‎❖9:00 am to 10:00 am ‎ ‎❖Room 501‎ Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.‎ TEO ‎❖ 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm ‎ ‎❖Room 502‎ Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.‎ Kahoot ‎❖10:30 am to 11:30 am ‎ ‎❖ Room 601‎ Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.‎ Prezi ‎❖3:30 pm to 4:20 pm ‎ ‎❖Room 602‎ Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and - 171 -‎ ‎ hobbies.‎ ‎56. Nearpod can be used to ______.‎ A. offer grammar tests B. teach listening on-line C. help vocabulary learning D. gain fluency in speaking ‎57. If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to____________.‎ A. Room 501 B. Room 502 C. Room 601 D. Room 602‎ ‎58. Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?‎ A. Nearpod. B. Kahoot. C. TEO. D. Prezi.‎ ‎59. A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by ______.‎ A. 9:00 am B. 10:30 am C. 2:00 pm D. 3:30 pm ‎【答案】‎ ‎56. C ‎57. D ‎58. B ‎59. C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章是主要讲的是探索新的教学和学习语言的方法。Electronic Village提供了四种课程计划供用户选择。这四种课程分别针对有不同需要的人。‎ ‎56. C 细节理解题。根据“for students to learn vocabulary”可知答案，Nearpod软件能够为用户提供丰富的语言环境来练习词汇。‎ ‎57. D 细节理解题。根据“Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses...”可知，Prezi为用户提供听力和口语方面的课程，其对应的房间是602。‎ ‎58. B 细节理解题。根据“Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests”可知，Kahoot软件为用户创建语法测试，来评估用户的语法技能。‎ ‎59. C 细节理解题。根据“The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.”可知，TEO的嘉宾将使用例子来解释如何进行网络教学，时间是下午两点到三点。‎ ‎【考点定位】广告类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】文章是一篇通知。广告类或通知类的文章主要考查学生根据问题迅速从文中定位、提取有效信息的能力。考生需要根据问题中的信息迅速定位到相关的广告板块，并从中寻找有用信息。有时需要进行简单的计算或推理。‎ ‎8.【2015·新课标全国II】D Choose Your One-Day-Tours!‎ Tour A - Bath &Stonehenge: including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge -￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.‎ Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum, Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.‎ Tour B - Oxford & Startford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's -￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the "city of dreaming spires(尖顶）"from St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.‎ Tour C - Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace -￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!‎ Tour D -Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great -￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎33. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?‎ A. Tour A B. Tour B C. Tour C D. Tour D ‎34. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?‎ A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court B. Oxford & Stratford C. Bath & Stonehenge D. Cambridge ‎35. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?‎ A. It used to be the home of royal families B. It used to be a well-known maze C. It is the oldest palace in Britain D. It is a world-famous castle ‎【答案】‎ ‎33. B ‎34. D ‎35. A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文介绍了四个旅游目的地。从价格到参观的内容，说明非常详细，四个地方都以英国的游览胜地为主。‎ ‎33.B 细节理解题。根据原文Tour B中Oxford：Included a guided tour of England’s oldest university and colleges可知，本次活动包括参观牛津大学城和学校，牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，所以要想看英国最古老的大学城就选B。‎ ‎34.D细节理解题。根据每一部分的价格介绍：Tour A￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.到3月17日为￡37，3月26日后还会涨价；Tour B-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter为3月12日前价格为￡32，12日后为￡36；Tour C-￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.为3月11日前价格为￡34，11日后为￡37；Tour D￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.为3月18日前价格为￡33，18日后为￡37；本题文3月17号费用最低的，当然是￡33，故选D。‎ ‎35.A细节理解题。根据With 500 years of history, Hampton was once the home of four Kings and one Queen Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.判断，人们去参观的主要原因是因为这是有着500年历史的前皇家宫殿，答案为A。‎ ‎【考点定位】广告类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是广告类阅读。广告类的题其实只要我们根据问题去找答案就可以，因为题目基本上都是细节理解题。本题中第34小题需要做一些理解和对比。一方面对价格的理解要准确，另一方面要知道题目问的是哪一天价格最低，这样，实际上需要一个对比才能完成得好。‎ ‎9.【2015·福建】C SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR "FLY TO THE MOON CLUB" AND ENJOY A FREE * FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!‎ With a registration fee of just $50 per child, children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways' FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members. They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing-797 to any destination in the world!‎ BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS!‎ ‎• A free * flight to any destination in Asia ‎• 30% off any course at Tanya Language School ‎• 20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore ‎• A free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight Stationery ‎• A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don's Diners dinner ordered ‎• A birthday gift on your child's birthday - 171 -‎ ‎• A free album containing pictures taken during the journey All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family! ** Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.‎ ‎10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September ‎* Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.‎ ‎** Terms and conditions apply.‎ ‎65.One of the benefits mentioned in, the advertisement is .‎ A.a free flight to any destination in the world B.30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore C.a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport D.a discount on any course at Tanya Language School ‎66.Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?‎ A. Booking date Departure date September 13‎ September 18‎ B．‎ Booking date Departure date September 2‎ September 12‎ C.‎ Booking date Departure date August 15‎ September 4‎ D.‎ Booking date Departure date August 16‎ September 8‎ ‎67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?‎ A.You need to pay$50 to sign up a child for the club.‎ B.Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.‎ C.The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.‎ D.Any child must be accompanicd by at least one paying adult.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，是一则关于飞奔月球俱乐部的广告，该广告目的是在于吸引想去亚洲旅行的孩子们 65. D细节理解题。根据benefits you can’t miss标题下的第二个，减免百分之30的tanya语言学校的课程费用，故选D ‎66.D细节理解题。根据图中偏下部的内容All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family! 可以知道在9月12日之前预定可以得到免费保险，10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September预定日期在2015年5到11号离开的可以享受百分之10的减免。故选D ‎67.A细节理解题。根据主标题下面第一句With a registration fee of just $50 per child,‎ children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways'FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.‎ 可以知道一个12岁以下的孩只要50美元就可以加入俱乐部。故选A ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查说明文阅读，‎ - 171 -‎ 这种图表类型的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是考生细心查找。答案都是在题目中可以找到的，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。只要能够理解关键词词义，做题就不会太困难。‎ ‎10.【2015·新课标全国I】A Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum ‎ Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.‎ November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.‎ December 5th Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.‎ February 6th An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.‎ March 6th Eyots and Aits -Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.‎ ‎ Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book ‎ More info: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson London Canal Museum ‎12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT www.canalmuseum.org.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi ‎ Tel:020 77130836‎ ‎21.When is the talk on James Brindley?‎ A. February 6th.‎ B. March 6th.‎ C. November 7th.‎ D. December 5th.‎ ‎22. What is the topic of the talk in February?‎ A. The Canal Pioneers.‎ B. Ice for the Metropolis C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals ‎23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.‎ A. Miranda Vickers B. Malcolm Tucker C. Chris Lewis D. Liz Payne ‎【答案】‎ ‎21. C ‎22. D ‎ ‎23. A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要介绍了在伦敦运河博物馆每个月的讲座安排。内容包括讲座的时间、做讲座的人以及讲座的内容简介等。‎ ‎21. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.所对应的日期November 7th.。故选C。‎ ‎22. D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段February 6th中的第一句An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz - 171 -‎ ‎ Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.可以得出答案。故选D。‎ ‎23. A 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers.可以知道做报告的人是Mirands Vickets。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】广告布告类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇文章是一篇应用文。文章整体阅读难度较低，所设题目均为考查细节理解题，考生只需通过关键词定位可得出答案。如21题抓住关键词“James Brindley”，22题抓住关键词“February”，23题抓住关键词“Thames”。考生做此类阅读理解时可以先从其问题着手，带着问题的关键词到原文中找出相对应的部分，然后通过对照和比较，就不难选出正确答案。‎ ‎11.【2015·上海】B The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.‎ Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.‎ The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.‎ To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!‎ ‎70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?‎ A. The introduction to the leading roles B. The writer’s opinion of acting C. The writer’s comments on the story D. The background information ‎71. According to the film review, “monster” （paragraph B） refers to ______.‎ A. a gun-crazy hunter B. a brainy dog C. a scary rabbit D. a giant vegetable ‎72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?‎ A. It’s full of wit and humour.‎ B. Its characters show feelings without words.‎ C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.‎ D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎70 D ‎71. C ‎72 A - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】 说明文 ‎【名师点睛】 首段作者呈现其相关背景，第二段讲述故事梗概，第三段讲到幕后的导演及配音角色，最后劝大家不要错过这部喜剧片，层次非常清晰，题目难度较低。做题要细心，尤其是71这种猜词题，4个选项都有提及，必须认真排除，才可以获得答案。另外也要关注文章的主旨，文章的主旨，能够说明很多东西。‎ 专题十五 阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类 ‎1.【2015·湖北卷】A ‎“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”‎ As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.‎ The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).‎ The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.‎ Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.‎ Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.‎ ‎51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?‎ A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting ‎52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.‎ A. to feed baby ponies on milk - 171 -‎ B. to control the number of ponies C. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price ‎53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?‎ A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty ‎54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?‎ A. It lacks people’s involvement.‎ B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.‎ D. It has caused an imbalance of species ‎【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖北卷】C Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.‎ In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.‎ The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.‎ In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings - 171 -‎ ‎ in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.‎ ‎59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.‎ A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big cities C. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil ‎60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?‎ A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop ‎ C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry ‎61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.‎ A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station ‎62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?‎ A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了荷兰Hilversum这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。‎ ‎59. D细节理解题。根据首段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually a hilly area …”可知Hilversum不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。故选D项。‎ ‎60.B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum”可知Brennikmeijers为Hilversum 的纺织业做出了巨大的贡献。故选B项。‎ ‎61.A细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The change to a media economy started in 1920, … established a radio factory in Hilversum”可知Hilversum传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。故选A项。‎ ‎62.C推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master piece… It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks”可知W. M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall是建筑教科书中的一个典范。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。‎ ‎3.【2015·湖北卷】E Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.‎ Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?‎ - 171 -‎ To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.‎ On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.‎ ‎67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.‎ A. illustrate where science can be applied B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book C. remind the reader of the importance of science D. explain why many writers use science in their works ‎68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?‎ A. Its strong basis.‎ B. Its convincing points.‎ C. Its clear writing.‎ D. Its memorable characters.‎ ‎69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?‎ A. Contradictory.‎ B. Supportive.‎ C . Cautious.‎ D. Critical.‎ ‎70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?‎ A. Problems with the book.‎ B. Brooks’s life experience.‎ C. Death of the characters.‎ D. Brooks’s translation skills. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks的新书The social animal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。‎ ‎67.D写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选D项。‎ ‎68.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…, his writing is mostly clear and , to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,… ”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选C项。‎ ‎69.D观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D项。‎ ‎70. A篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2．以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时，理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎4.【2015·北京卷】D Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.‎ An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.‎ However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.‎ In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.‎ Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.‎ Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyondthe role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.‎ ‎67. The surveys inform us of ______.‎ A. the development of technology B. the changes of adult children’s behavior C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children D. the means and expenses of students’ communication ‎68. The writer believes that ______.‎ A. parents today are more protective than those in the past B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh itsadvantages C. technology explains greater parental involvement with theirchildren D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayedindependence ‎69. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Technology or Attitude B. Dependence or Independence C. Family Influence or Social Changes D. College Management or Communication Advancement ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。‎ ‎67.C 细节理解题。答案在第二段第二句话，parents today continues to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories”调查显示现在的父母在孩子上大学之后仍然非常或者某种程度上地过度保护子女。故选C。‎ ‎68.C 观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，接下来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富，成本更低廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier。最后一段更是再次强调了这种观点。故选C。‎ ‎69.A主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第2-5段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变。第6段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选A。学优高考网 ‎70.B 文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction，第二段是第一个论点，指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词However)，指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点二(关键词Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论文类阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。‎ ‎5.【2015·北京】D Freedom and Responsibility ‎ Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ ‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ ‎ In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ ‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people - 171 -‎ ‎ do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ ‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ ‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.‎ C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.‎ ‎66.People believing in freedom are those who________ .‎ A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Athens would continue to be free.‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ A. The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ B. The author is cautious about self-government.‎ C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.‎ D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇历史文化类说明文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。‎ ‎65. D词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选D项。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎66.C细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选C项。‎ ‎67.A细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选A项。‎ ‎68. B句意理解题。根据第五段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。‎ ‎69.A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选A项。‎ ‎70.D观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】历史文化类说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 英语阅读属于跨文化交际活动,除语言因素外,它还受到中西文化差异的影响。考生既要扎实书本知识，也要广泛阅读，不断提高自己的知识广度，有意识地多了解文化背景知识，多关注社会热点，这样才能做到游刃有余。‎ ‎6.【2015·广东】B When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?‎ As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them..‎ When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.‎ ‎31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?‎ A. He could not catch a fish.‎ B. His father was not patient with him.‎ C. His father did not teach him fishing.‎ D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.‎ ‎32. What did the author’s father really mean?‎ A. To read about fish.‎ B. To learn fishing by oneself.‎ C. To understand what fish think.‎ D. To study fishing in many ways.‎ ‎33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.‎ A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees.‎ ‎34. After entering the business world, the author found _________.‎ A. it easy to think like a customer - 171 -‎ B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people ‎35. This passage most likely comes from _________.‎ A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时，要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理，告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。‎ ‎31. A细节理解题。根据第一段的But that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset. 可知作者感到难过，是因为他捉不到一条鱼。故选A。‎ ‎32. D推理判断题。根据The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.“我越了解鱼，我越能有效的找到鱼，抓住鱼”可知此处父亲的意思是要我了解钓鱼的方法，故选D。‎ ‎33. D推理判断题。根据That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water可知鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除AB两项。根据water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids（眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉处，不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除C项。D项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方，故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选D。‎ ‎34. B推理判断题。根据I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers“我逐渐了解我们需要像消费者一样去思考”这与父亲的“You need to think like a fish”相似，因此这是父亲的话给他的启发。故选B。‎ ‎35. B推理判断题。根据It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“这不是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做”，故推断这是在教授大家如何去销售的书。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文设计的问题主要是推理判断题。通过贯穿全文的“You need to think like a fish”通过讲述了钓鱼的方法，介绍了销售的技巧。充分考查了学生的语篇理解能力以及上下文的语境理解能力。第35题，具有引出下文的作用，也充分暗示了本文的主题。‎ ‎7.【2015·广东】D It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.‎ In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. ‎ But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.‎ One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.‎ In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.‎ ‎41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. ‎ - 171 -‎ A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different ‎42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A. variety B. most people belong to middle class C. authority ‎ D. qualification ‎43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.‎ A. regional B. educated C. prejudiced ‎ D. unattractive ‎44. British attitudes towards accent _________.‎ A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years ‎45. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The middle class is expanding ‎ B. A person’s accent reflects his class C. Class is a key part of British society D. Each class has unique characteristics.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，通过调查的结果我们可以看到，英国社会里的阶级划分没有消失，它是英国社会重要的一部分。‎ ‎41.D细节理解题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，关于“阶级消亡”的说法，在英国对大众进行了一个调查，结果发现90%的人们仍然把自己划分在一定的阶层中；73%的人认为阶级是英国社会一个必不可少的部分。由此可知人们仍然认为他们在社会中是有区别的，故选D。‎ ‎42.B词义猜测题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，根据一项关于英国社会阶级是否开始消亡的调查可知，绝大多数人仍然认为英国社会中存在不同的阶级，这是英国社会中重要的一部分。由此可知，英国人好像对阶级划分非常热衷。stratification划分，跟B选项是同义词，故选B。‎ ‎43.D细节理解题。根据第四段中However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.可知，美国关于英语口音的调查结果正好和英国的调查结果相反，他们认为一些地方口音是最吸引人的，而BBC的英语是最不吸引人的，故选D。‎ ‎44.D推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段的内容可知，In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents，可见，现在英国人们对待口音的态度开始改变了。故选D。‎ ‎45.C主旨大意题。这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，其中一项告诉我们大多数人们觉得阶级是英国社会必不可少的一部分；另一项调查是关于人们说好的口音，英国和美国的调查结果正好相反，也说明了英国阶级划分的根源非常深。由此可知C选项：阶级是英国社会中的一个重要部分符合短文的大意。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】文化类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇短文介绍了英国社会中存在的阶级划分这一现象，通过调查数据，论证这一话题。短文属于中上难度，主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及词义猜测、推理判断及概括主旨大意的能力。学生们在平时的英语学习中，要具备对一些说英语国家的文化背景知识，这对他们做题是有好处的。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】D Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail - 171 -‎ ‎ to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.‎ The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.‎ ‎ Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."‎ ‎ Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.‎ ‎ Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."‎ ‎58. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means .‎ A. parents' expectation on children's health ‎ B. parents' participation in children's education ‎ C. parents' control over children's life ‎ D. parents' plan for children's future ‎ ‎59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?‎ A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.‎ B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.‎ C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.‎ D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.‎ ‎60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .‎ A. help children realize the importance of schooling B. set a specific life goal for their children C. spend more time improving their own lives D. take a more active part in school management ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍和很多人预期不同的是父母过度地参与孩子的教育未必有好的效果。父母应该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性。‎ ‎58.句意理解题。根据第一段的句子：Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class,可知“parental involvement”指的是“父母参与孩子的教育”，故选B。‎ ‎59.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子：but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance.可知Robinson的研究发现是父母参与孩子的教育没有预料的那么有效，故选C。‎ ‎60.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子：They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.可知美国父母的例子暗示父母应该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】教育类阅读理解 ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容是学生比较熟悉的而且和他们的生活有密切联系的，主旨大意很好理解。这篇文章篇幅适中。主要考查的是细节理解题和句意理解题，考生在通读文章的基础上，注意到细节理解不难找出答案。‎ ‎9.【2015·四川】C ‎ Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.‎ ‎ Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.‎ ‎ The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.‎ ‎ By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children - 171 -‎ ‎ under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.‎ ‎ To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.‎ It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.‎ Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.‎ The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.‎ ‎38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?‎ ‎ A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000.‎ ‎ C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.‎ ‎39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from.‎ ‎ A. emotional demand B. low pay for work ‎ C. heavy workload D. lack of training ‎40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’importance shows in family all year long.‎ ‎ B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated.‎ ‎ D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.‎ ‎41.What can we conclude from the study?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’working hours should be largely reduced.‎ ‎ B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’labour is of a higher value than it is realised.‎ ‎ D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.‎ ‎【解析】：这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做出一些事，比如一束花等等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。‎ ‎38.B细节理解题。根据文章的they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.以及This would make their yearly income ￡3000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，总理的工资是172000-30000=142000。故选择B。‎ ‎39.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.可知，选择A。‎ ‎40.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.可知，选择B，指母亲付出的牺牲是巨大的，但是又是值得的。‎ ‎41.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.可知，作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注，故选择C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇是一篇说明文，说明了母亲这一职业的伟大。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事理。说明文阅读中要求考生要特别注意一些数字等，如第38题。除此之外，还需要抓住关键词、中心词，迅速在文中进行定位，解决细节题，如39、40题。最后，对文章的内容要了解，通常主题在第一段最后出现，所以考生要善于把握主题。‎ ‎10.【2015·天津】D ‎ Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.‎ Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim - 171 -‎ ‎ until I got my feet on the ground again.‎ Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.‎ ‎ Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.”‎ ‎ Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.‎ ‎ So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.‎ ‎51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?‎ A. He faced huge risks.‎ B. He lacked mighty forces.‎ C. Fear prevented him from trying.‎ D. Failure blocked his way to success.‎ ‎52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?‎ A. Swallow more than you can digest.‎ B. Act slightly above your abilities.‎ C. Develop more mysterious powers.‎ D. Learn to make creative decisions.‎ ‎53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?‎ A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill.‎ C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force.‎ ‎54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?‎ ‎ A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.‎ B. Trying without success is meaningless.‎ C. Repeated failure creates a better life.‎ D. Boldness can be gained little by little.‎ ‎55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To encourage people to be courageous.‎ B. To advise people to build up physical power.‎ C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.‎ D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.‎ ‎【考点定位】议论类短文阅读 - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。整体难度中等偏上，考生阅读此文首先需要找出文章的论点，然后找出作者任何用论据来支撑其论点的。52题词句猜测题需要联系上下文及前后句来判断，不能从字面含义判断；54题需要抓住本段的中心句才能找到段落大意；55题作者写此文的目的需要从文章整体把握才可以选择正确答案。‎ ‎11.【2015·浙江】A From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.‎ One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. “‎ The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.‎ During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “‎ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is,an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.‎ ‎41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.‎ A. reading little and thinking little ‎ B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others ‎42. The teacher told his students to read______ .‎ A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams ‎43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________.‎ A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk ‎44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.‎ B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.‎ C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.‎ D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.‎ ‎45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ .‎ A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：作者认为阅读应该是一种快乐，而不是强迫性的阅读，强调通过快乐阅读培养阅读习惯。‎ ‎41. D细节理解题 题目的意思是根据文段孩子们害怕或者是不喜欢读书是因____。根据第一段第四行“This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone”. 意为这意味着当他们不知道单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面前犯错，这会给他们带来一些害怕。‎ ‎42. A 细节理解题 根据第二段作者的话“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”“,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.” 意为“现在我要说一些关于阅读的事情，你可能从来没有听说过一个老师说。我希望你读很多书，但今年，我想让你读书只为乐趣。我不想问你问题，是否理解文章。如果你足够理解一个喜欢这本书，想去读它，这对我来说已经足够了。我也不想问你单词的意思。”在这里enjoyment，enjoy和pleasure是同义词。所以答案选A ‎43. C细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. 孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着。”第三段第四行“seriously, ‘Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?’”不能得出答案。当老师说了这些话之后，孩子们都很震惊耶，很奇怪，所以他会确定问老师是不是真的这样？这表明学生是很不太相信的。答案选项的it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。‎ ‎44. C细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题选择的是正确的，也就意味着有3个是错误，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，哦，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知道如何欣赏这些文章。‎ ‎45. B细节理解题 四个选项的意思分别是A孩子在阅读的时候不能够区别好的部分以及不好的部分；B应该留给学生孩子自己去选择，读什么以及如何读；C在学校阅读永远不会是一个愉快和启发性的体验；D阅读需要理解每一部分的信息。其实根据常识可以判断C和D是错误的，然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择材料读。‎ ‎【考点定位】这是一篇记叙文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】记叙文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，比如说41题的CD选项，两者都用到了being made to read。其实这种表达也间接说明了答案就是在两个中选择一个。‎ ‎12.【2015·浙江】B Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages,and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data .‎ ‎ Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text .‎ ‎ Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.‎ Bar Graphs ‎ A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show ‎ amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the - 171 -‎ vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).‎ ‎ Line Graphs A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.‎ Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).‎ ‎ The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.‎ Pie Graphs A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.‎ A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).‎ Food $ 25‎ Movies $ 12‎ Clothing $ 36‎ Savings $ 20‎ Books $ 7‎ ‎46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____‎ A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph C. the main idea D. the data ‎ ‎47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?‎ A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .‎ ‎48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____‎ A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4‎ ‎49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?‎ A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇说明文介绍图表的类型以及相关作用，通过对条形图、线形图和饼形图的介绍，让学生学会读图，运用英语解决实际问题。‎ ‎46.A 根据第三段可以得出答案，第三段出现了两次legend，第一次是在第一行a legend or key ，第二次是在第六行A legend, also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.” 一个图例，也被称为一个关键，是一个指导图中使用的符号和颜色。“而且答案直接可以在第六行找到，与答案选项表述一样a guide to the symbols and colors。‎ ‎47.D 根据表述”In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows gradesthat students earned, and the y-axis shows bow manystudents earned each grade .You can see that 6 studentsearned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on thevertical measurement. 在图1中，我们看到X轴显示学生获得的等级，Y轴显示每个等级的学生数。可以看到，6的学生获得了A，因为在它延伸到6垂直测量。“可以得出答案。另外其实不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。C以上就是包含A，B，C，其中A为6， B 为10，C为4，所以答案为20‎ - 171 -‎ ‎48.C 不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。从曲线图可以得出答案是Day3。‎ ‎49.D不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。 从扇形图可以得出Clothing占比例最多。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文 ‎【名师点睛】初步尝试考查解读图表数据能力，以满足考生进一步学习和社会实践需求。这份阅读虽然文字内容很多，而且涉及到了不少的专业术语表达。但是由于图已经说明了一切，所以不需要认真的读文章。但是在读图之前必须要看一看它的一些备注说明，也就是说起点是多少，每一格代表什么，以免出错。另外这种题目还涉及到一种多学科的能力,比如说文科政治、历史和地理会经常出现一些图表。‎ ‎13.【2015·浙江】D ‎ In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust.‎ But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it.”Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise.‎ ‎ They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”‎ Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television .‎ ‎ Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home .‎ ‎ Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing any- 77 -thing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.‎ ‎ Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.‎ ‎ As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.‎ ‎ When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently.‎ ‎ Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on.‎ ‎ After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.‎ I'm grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.‎ ‎55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?‎ A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.‎ B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.‎ D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?‎ A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”‎ B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”‎ C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”‎ D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”‎ ‎57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.‎ A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day ‎58. The story came to its turning point when________.‎ A. Joe died in 2009‎ B. Joe fell ill in 2007‎ C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tired to please the writer ‎ ‎59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?‎ ‎ A. Misty couldn’t live without her B. Her friends didn’t offer any help C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.‎ D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion.‎ ‎60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?‎ ‎ A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.‎ ‎ B .A disaster can change everything in life.‎ ‎ C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.‎ ‎ D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇记叙文，讲述作者从遛狗的体验中悟出生活的哲理——尽管有时生活艰难、前途难测，但人生总有希望和快乐。‎ ‎55. B 细节理解题 根据第三段第二行“While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her“作者慢慢地意识到她要去接父女俩的手尾，比如说安排见宠物医生等。这意味着最终将由她来照顾这一只狗。‎ ‎56. D 猜词题，根据这3个单词的意思不难知道small指的是作者的女儿, medium指的是作者，一个woman； and large指的是作者的丈夫。根据后文他们有了心灵相通不难得出答案小狗认为这个妇女（也就是作者）是最信任的和最好心的。学优高考网 ‎57. A 推理题，根据第三段“Misty knew this on day one它在第一天就知道“和 “she calculated它在计算”可以得出答案这只狗是非常聪明的。另外也可以根据意思排除选项BCD。B. Misty could solve math problems就算文章中出现了一个计算的词语，但也不能够得出能够解答数学题的结论，而且根据常识也可以把它排除。C. the writer was a slow learner这个内容没有提及，D. no one walked Misty the first day这个选项的答案，也原文“它在第一天就知道了”是不一致的。‎ ‎58. B 细节理解题，根据第六段第一句话“Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) . 然后，2007年1月1日，确切地说是丈夫的医生宣布了丈夫得了白血病”，说明这一天是一个转折点，所以可以得出答案为B。‎ ‎59. C 细节理解题，根据第八段第二行“quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical drama unfolded安静，安静的时间来收集我的想法 “ ，所有的这一切都是精神上的一些安慰，所以答案选择The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.这个散步给她带来了心灵的安慰。‎ ‎60. C 推理题，根据文章最后一句话no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.不管现在是多么困难或者将来是多么的难以预计，总是有一些提取快乐的方法。此题易错选A，虽然这句话是正确的。但是这篇文章并不是在说在困难时期享受快乐。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙文 ‎【名师点睛】这种记叙文，一定要理清作者的思路。往往 - 171 -‎ 作者经历的事情是一波几折的，最初的想法和最后的想法是不一样的。比如说最初她不想养这只宠物狗，但是最后就是这一只狗陪伴了她，让她得到了一些体会。‎ ‎14.【2015·重庆】B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）.‎ One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. ‎ Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. ‎ When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.‎ ‎40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?‎ A. To save customers times.‎ B. To show they are high quality foods.‎ C. To help sell junk food.‎ D. To sell them at discount prices.‎ ‎41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?‎ ‎ A. Opening the store early in the morning.‎ B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.‎ C. Inviting customers to play music.‎ D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.‎ ‎42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?‎ A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.‎ B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.‎ C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.‎ D. A good first impression increases sales.‎ ‎43. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.‎ B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.‎ C. To report researches on customer behavior.‎ D. To show dishonest business practices.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易 ‎40.C 推断题。根据第二段提到they know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy some more junk food later in their trip为了是能够在稍后卖出那些垃圾食品，故选C项。‎ ‎41.D 推断题。根据第三段提到Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping ,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day可知烤面包的味道能促进购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店，故选D项。‎ ‎42.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean throught the windows, and the the pool throught an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant of water on both levels helped sell these $10million houses当人们进入房间，看到窗外的太平洋和游泳池时，销售业绩会增长，故选D项。‎ ‎43.A 推断题。本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易，故选A项。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】社会生活类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】对于社会生活类阅读，大多数是细节理解或推断题，考生要把握题干的大意，准备的定位，来找到相关信息。注意文章中的所给的汉语注释，不要由于紧张而对于 while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander overcosmeticsthey might want to try later.这个词意有所忽视从而影响对于文章整体的理解。‎ ‎15.【2015·重庆】C Join the discussion…‎ LakeLander ·2 hours ago ‎ Today, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though.‎ Pak50 ··· ·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a ‎ musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have ‎ asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his ‎ request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started ‎ to practice.‎ Angie O’Edema·42 minutes ago I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.‎ Taodas ·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.‎ Sophie 76 ·13minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.‎ ‎44. The passenger made an apology to Angie O’Edema because____.‎ A. he offered his seat to someone else B. he spoke very loudly on his phone C. he refused to talk with Angie D. he ignored Angie’s request ‎45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?‎ A. Pak50 B. Angie O’Edema C. Taodas D. Sophie76‎ ‎46. What is the discussion mainly about?‎ A. How to react to bad behavior. B. How to kill time on a train.‎ C. How to chat with strangers. D. How to make a phone call.‎ ‎47. Where is the passage most probably taken from?‎ A. A webpage. B. A newspaper. C. A novel. D. A report.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 主要讲述了Lake Lander - 171 -‎ 在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的 不文明现象的描述和看法。‎ ‎44.B 推断题。根据第三段提到Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. 可知因为他在火车上大声讲电话，并向我道歉，故选B项。‎ ‎45.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到I did read my newpaper out loud on a train可知Taodas曾在火车大声读报纸，故选C项 ‎46.A 主旨大意。本文主要是对别人的不文明行为如何做出反应的一个讨论，故选A项。‎ ‎47.A 推断题。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会现象类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是由论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论，难度中等，注意题干的提问方式，找到问题的切入点，很容易得出答案。在第44题中题干中运用made an apology to而文章中运用的是apologised to，所以注意平时词汇的积累，会让这类的题目更有目标性；在47题中提到文章的来源，根据段落的设计格式，显示的时间和各自所而对的问题，来推断出来自网络论坛，所以注意扩大阅读的范围，多加运用网络而不是局限于文体。‎ ‎16.【2015·重庆】E The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A. It introduces different cultural values.‎ B. It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ ‎53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .‎ A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures ‎54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ .‎ A .they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature ‎55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。‎ ‎52.C 推断题。根据第一段第一句话可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C项。‎ ‎53.A 推断题。根据第二段提到第二行和第三行提到可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A项。‎ ‎54.D 推断题。根据第三段第一句话提到可知Davide曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D项。‎ ‎55.A 主题标题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】文化类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。52.53.54这三道题分别属于第一段第二段和第三段这个递进的原则，所以定位段落就比较容易而最后一题属于主旨标题，把握整体，提取中心，所以这个阅读理解整体来说目标性比较强。‎ ‎17.【2015·安徽】C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood thatthe computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.‎ In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".‎ According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. ‎ ‎ A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information ‎65. What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. ‎ B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. ‎ D. The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎66. In transactive memory, people ______.‎ A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information ‎ C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information ‎67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? ‎ A. Weare using memory differently. B. We arebecoming more intelligent.‎ C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎64. A ‎65. C ‎66. D ‎67. A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和记忆的方式。‎ ‎64. A 写作意图题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。‎ ‎65. C 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知答案。‎ ‎66. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。‎ ‎67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。‎ ‎【考点定位】心理类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。‎ ‎18.【2015·安徽】E Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.‎ A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.‎ ‎74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.‎ A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes ‎75. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.‎ - 171 -‎ C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎72. B ‎73. B ‎74. A ‎75. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。‎ ‎72. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”可知，分享食物可以促进团结和建立信任。‎ ‎73. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year...”可知，硬币预示着来年的成功。‎ ‎74. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods”可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。‎ ‎75. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions”和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate”及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化中的作用。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇题目的设置主要考查考生对细节的理解能力和对文章大意的把握。做细节理解题，需要快速从文章中到找有用的信息。第四题是主旨大意题，考生容易误选A项，A项太片面，它只是文章前两段所讲的内容。‎ ‎19.【2015·湖南】A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.‎ ‎ ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.‎ ‎ People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.‎ ‎ The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.‎ ‎ ——Michael Horan ‎ ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.‎ ‎ I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.‎ ‎ The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.‎ ‎ The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!‎ ‎ The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.‎ ‎ ——Carol Harvey ‎ ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.‎ ‎ I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.‎ ‎ Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?‎ ‎ It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to - 171 -‎ ‎ claim.‎ ‎ ——JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.‎ ‎56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.‎ ‎ A. drivers should be polite to cyclists ‎ B. road accidents can actually be avoided ‎ C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety ‎ D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes ‎57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.‎ ‎ A. be provided with enough roads ‎ B. be asked to ride on their own lanes ‎ C. be made to pay less tax for cycling ‎ D. be fined for laughing at policemen ‎58.What is a complaint of JML? ‎ ‎ A. Very few drivers are insured.‎ ‎ B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.‎ ‎ C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.‎ ‎ D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.‎ ‎59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.‎ ‎ A. accidents B. vehicles ‎ C. pedestrians D. cyclists ‎60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.‎ ‎ A. real source of road danger ‎ B. ways to improve road facilities ‎ C. measures to punish road offences ‎ D. increased awareness of road rules ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎56．C ‎57．B ‎58．B ‎59．D ‎60．A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁。‎ ‎56．C;细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句话：But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.(但是，路人可能才是更严重的罪犯)可知Michael Horan的观点是，路人对道路安全存在威胁，故选C ‎ ‎57．B;细节理解题。根据第八段的开头：The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.可知Carol Harvey建议骑自行车的人应该在他们应该走的车道去骑。故选B ‎58．B;细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句话：Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians)，ride at speed along the pavement, and think they have special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red可知JML抱怨骑自行车的人骑的太快，对道路安全产生隐患，故选B ‎59．D;细节推理题。最后一段说到：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be tranced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JML希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们撞到行人或者车辆、制造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以They在此指的是cyclists。故选D ‎60．A;主旨大意提。根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁（自行车或者行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选A学优高考网 ‎【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查社会现象类短文阅读，要求考生根据作者的细节描述掌握这一社会现象的起因、结果及影响，然后做题，进行归纳。这篇文章旨在给出了一个议题，让人们给出讨论，意见以及看法，要求学生能够通过字里行间的细节描写找出人们对这个议题想法，例如第一段的第二句：But pedestrians - 171 -‎ ‎ are probably the worse offenders.就给出Michael Horan的看法，因此方便了我们做出第56题，所以在做这种文章时一定得抓住表达作者或者他人态度或观点的句子。‎ ‎20.【2015·湖南】C Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.‎ Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.‎ Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.‎ One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.‎ ‎66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station?‎ ‎ A. It was carried out once a year.‎ ‎ B. It was often announced in advance.‎ ‎ C. It was important for the keeper's fame.‎ ‎ D. It was focused on the garage and yard.‎ ‎67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______.‎ ‎ A. one of the members saw the boat ‎ B. a warning call reached the lighthouse ‎ C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap ‎ D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance ‎68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.‎ ‎ A. result in some fun ‎ B. speed up washing them ‎ C. make her home look tidy ‎ D. be a demand from the inspector ‎ ‎69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______. ‎ ‎ A. an empty pan ‎ B. many clean dishes ‎ C. pieces of baked bread ‎ D. a cloth covering something ‎70.The inspector waved his arms ______.‎ ‎ A. to try his best to keep steady ‎ B. to show his satisfaction with the floor ‎ C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother ‎ D. to express his intention to continue the inspection ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎66．C - 171 -‎ ‎67．A ‎68．C ‎69．D ‎70．A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭。‎ ‎66．C;细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数第四行和倒数第三行：and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results.（看守人的名声取决于结果的好坏）可知，故选C ‎67．A;细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句话：As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.可知在建庭成员中一旦有人发现船的到来，全家人就开始快速准备。故选A ‎68．C;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句话:Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. 可知没有时间在检查之前去洗所有的碗，所以Mrs.Byrnes将所有的碗都丢进了烤箱避免被inspector发现。故选C ‎69．D;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三行：Mrs.Byrnes toss all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven.可知当inspector打开烤箱的时候他只会看到一块盖着布的某物，故选D ‎70．A;细节推理题。根据最后一段倒数第三行：After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.可知inspector挥动着他的双手保持平衡。故选A ‎【考点定位】社会生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】社会生活类的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，需要的是一个细心。注意事情发展的先后顺序和发展的情节，理清作者的思路，以此得出答案。有时可以找出原句，有时可能需要理解，根据前后文推断，进行一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。‎ ‎21.【2015·新课标全国II】C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.‎ But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.‎ ‎29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?‎ A. It is flexible in length.‎ B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities ‎30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____.‎ A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities ‎31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?‎ A. He’s puzzled - 171 -‎ A. He’s worried B. He’s surprised C. He’s annoyed ‎32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?‎ A. Attend additional courses.‎ B. Make plans for the new term C. Earn money for their education D. Prepare for their graduate studies ‎【答案】‎ ‎29. C ‎30.A ‎31. B ‎32.C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文提到大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学学习。这样的好处是让学生更珍惜大学的时光，更成熟有责任感。但是也给人们带来了思考。‎ ‎29.C 推理判断题。由短文第一段More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.可知，过间隔年学生比以前多了，第三段第一句话That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知体验间隔年数量上升了14.7%，说明越来越受到欢迎，因此选C。‎ ‎30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选A。‎ ‎31.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段But not everyone is happy. 然后提到Owain，Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship，这证明学生很难；…more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.他说越来越多的学生会在gap year期间是要去挣大学的费用。故选B。‎ ‎32. C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知：NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” 数据表明，40%多的学生在学校兼职，90%的学生要在假期打工挣学费。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本题以大学生做兼职或专职去挣钱为话题，通过对相关数据的分析可知，大学学生的学费给他们的学习生活带来了深刻的影响。我们考生应多关注社会生活方面的文章，才能更好地理解文章，解决相关的问题。‎ ‎22.【2015·福建】A Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight - 171 -‎ On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.‎ The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!‎ ‎56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must .‎ A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos ‎57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?‎ A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China.‎ ‎58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .‎ A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days ‎59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.‎ B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.‎ C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，分别讲述了英国、新墨西哥以及巴西的几个关于食物的传统节日。‎ ‎56.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.可以知道，四个队伍，穿着滑稽搞笑的服装，在50米的路程中卷一个完整的奶酪。以及后面倒数第二句括号里面的内容, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones，这个奶酪是木头的。故选B ‎57.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.可以知道这是在新墨西哥发生的事情，从段落中第三句Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival可以知道人们到新墨西哥是为了参加Fiery food festival。故选A ‎58.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.可以知道，西红柿大战这个西班牙的节日的持续时间是一周，故选B ‎59.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二个破折号后面的文字or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.可以知道你可以任意品尝展出的上千种的食物。故选C ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，因为很有可能有些选项会有一些迷惑性。需要考生认真判断。‎ ‎23.【2015·福建】D Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.‎ This tension between what we feel we can have and "what wre're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".‎ So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? ‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.‎ While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.‎ Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.‎ ‎68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .‎ A.slow down and live a simple life B.be careful when we choose to change C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances D.be content with what we already have ‎69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail.B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.‎ ‎70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishmentB. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.‎ ‎71.What does the author intend to tell us?‎ A.It's easier than we think to get what we want.‎ B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.‎ C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.‎ D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择目标并且迅速作出决定。‎ ‎68.C细节理解题。文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".如果你放弃了，你的内在会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选C ‎69.B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B ‎70.C分析推断题。根据划线句子可知其本意是逃出你内心的牢笼。结合上文中在过多思考之前快速决定和行动可以推测这个划线句子是指要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。故选C ‎71.A分析推断题。从全文来看，作者主要是想要强调果断的行动而不是空想来实现自己的梦想和欲望，故选A.比起想要成功，行动更加容易。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。‎ ‎24.【2015·福建】E Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.‎ Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn - 171 -‎ ‎ more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (Hu) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!‎ If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!‎ Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation. 72. The first paragraph focuses on .‎ A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups ‎73. The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means " ‎ A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporal*)'‎ ‎74.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle B. to party on weekends with positive people C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D. to surround yourself with supportive people ‎75. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要是在介绍团体运动的好处。和其他人一起运动可以和他人交流从而获得支持，也能够得到一些无形的好处。‎ ‎72.C细节题。根据文章第一句Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle团体运动是一项最有效增加身体健康保持健康生活的的方式，故选C ‎73.A分析推断题。从划线短语所在句子你可以参加一个upbeat的集体健康课，那将会使得你正确的锻炼自己。前半句if you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, 是一个if引导的条件句，意思是假如你对于在健身房游荡感到心烦并且觉得这很浪费时间。所以这个单词应该是与浪费时间和让你心烦相反的意思，故选A ‎74.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.在以健康为目标锻炼的时候和那些你能够给你尊敬和支持的人们在一起是很有益处的，故选D ‎75.B分析推断题。文章的主要内容是在说团体运动的好处，团体运动包含的好处主要是因为大家在一起运动，不仅生理上会有一些好处，而且团内其他成员会给你支持，教练也会给你们一些信息上的支持，故选B ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。‎ ‎25.【2015·新课标全国I】B The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to - 171 -‎ ‎ blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.‎ ‎ The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.‎ Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.‎ ‎ Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.‎ ‎24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?‎ A. Exciting. B. Boring. ‎ C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.‎ ‎25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?‎ A. Having a swim.‎ B. Breathing in fresh air.‎ C. Walking in the morning sun.‎ D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.‎ ‎26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?‎ A. They are soft.‎ B. They look nice.‎ C. They taste great.‎ D. They are juicy.‎ ‎27. What was the author going to that evening?‎ A. Go to a farm. ‎ B. Check into a hotel.‎ C. Eat in a restaurant.‎ D. Buy fresh vegetables ‎【答案】‎ ‎24. B ‎ - 171 -‎ ‎25. D ‎ ‎26. B ‎ ‎27. C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了作者生活在冬天寒冷的纽约，当有一个到佛罗里达州萨拉索塔一个周的机会，作者在那里体验到完全不同的冬天。‎ ‎24. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,可以推测出作者在纽约冬天的生活是令人厌烦的。故选B。‎ ‎25. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知作者早上7点到农产品市场是很有意义的。可知选D。‎ ‎26. B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，纽约的西红柿在商店里看起来是很吸引人的。可知选B。‎ ‎27. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尤其倒数第一二句可知，作者晚上计划在餐馆吃饭，并且点西红柿。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文，整体难度中等，难度较大的是24和26题，学生容易判断错误，需要通过一定的推理才能判断正确。学生首先要从倒数第二段最后一句判断出作者原来生活在纽约，才可理解第一段第一句描述的是纽约。第26题考生是不能根据作者前面描述的文字判断，真正答案要从后段文字描述去判断。这就要求考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。‎ ‎26.【2015·上海】A Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.‎ For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.‎ The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.‎ If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.‎ ‎66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?‎ A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.‎ B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.‎ C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.‎ D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.‎ ‎67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.‎ - 171 -‎ A. snowmen were made mainly by artists B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity C. snowmen were politically criticized D. snowmen caused damaging floods ‎68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.‎ A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen ‎69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?‎ A. They were appreciated in history B. They have lost their value C. They were related to movies D. They vary in shape and size ‎【答案】‎ ‎66. C ‎67. B ‎68. C ‎69. A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。‎ ‎66. C 细节理解题 根据第二段第二句“ At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky 在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。”. 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，关键词是express，而且means 和way 同义。‎ ‎67. B 细节理解题 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. 已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历史的雪人现在依然在制造。”这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再流行，所以答案就是B。‎ ‎68. C 细节理解题 根据“celebrate the beginning of spring ….庆祝春天的开始”，可以知道答案应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是C。‎ ‎69. A 推理题根据文章的第一句话look to many of history’s cultural symbols回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的history，结合上下文可以知道答案是A （雪人在历史上是受欣赏的。）另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如B选项，他们的价值现在依然存在，所以它的表达错误。C选项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文章得出来。D选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文 ‎【名师点睛】 细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，而且往往答案都是在设问内容的附近。另外也可以通过排除法，一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心。‎ ‎27.【2015·上海】C One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”‎ During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different - 171 -‎ ‎ plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.‎ The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.‎ Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.‎ Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?‎ ‎73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?‎ A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade ‎74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.‎ A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops ‎ D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.‎ ‎75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?‎ A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.‎ B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.‎ C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management. ‎ D. To warn executives against power misuse.‎ ‎76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.‎ A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.‎ B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.‎ C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.‎ D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.‎ ‎77. The best title for the passage is _____.‎ A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results ‎【答案】‎ ‎73. A ‎74. B ‎75 A ‎76. D ‎77. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用。‎ ‎73. A 细节理解题 根据第一段描述所用的一些词语“not an honorable man 不是一个受敬仰的人”,“traitor 叛徒”，“in cold blood 冷血”等可以得出答案为cruel 残忍的。Superior 意为较高的（级别、地位）; 较好的（在质量等方面）; 较多的（数量）; 上等的; rude 意为粗鲁的。‎ ‎74. B 细节题 根据第二段的一些用词“well-known advisers to the White House 著名的白宫顾问”,”management training business 管理训练商业”，可以知道答案是与leadership 管理有关。其中leadership（领导）和management 是同义词。‎ ‎75. A 细节理解题 根据“Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导”‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ 可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中highlight强调和emphasize 是同义词，seizes opportunity 和catch opportunities 是同义词。学优高考网 ‎76. D 推理题，纵观全文，本文提到的一个是莎士比亚，以及是Adelmans所创立的一个培训商业，这个培训主要是管理有关，也与领导有关。所以答案是D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用）。‎ ‎77. D 标题题 四个选项的意思分别是A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture （莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化）；B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success （莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键）；C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation（莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课）；D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果）。标题题选择的正确答案是简练高度概括，而且以文章主题相关，综合这几个因素只有D选项才符合，其他选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了范围。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇论说文 ‎【名师点睛】 这篇文章，相对来说有一定的难度。所用的词不少是专业术语，也或者是专有名词，这给阅读带来一定的障碍。但是答案多数能够在文章中找到，稍微有一点难的是77题主旨大意题，可能会是错选到其他选项。这主要是没有把握到文章的主旨，题目的设置。74题答案需要进行转换，不能够直接找到答案。推理题76题也有一定难度。‎ 专题十六 阅读理解之科普类说明文 ‎1.【2015·湖北卷】D The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.‎ First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”‎ On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.‎ Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.‎ Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.‎ ‎63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?‎ A. Deciding on a proper sleep position B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.‎ ‎64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.‎ ‎ A. the y circle around on their bikes - 171 -‎ B. they use microcomputers without a stop C. they exercise in one place for a long time D. they watch a movie while pedaling ‎65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.‎ A. their senses stop working B. they have to stand up straight C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly D. whether they are able to go back to the station ‎66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.‎ A. how much exercise they do on the station B. how they can remain healthy for long in space C. whether they can recover after returning home D. whether they are able to go back to the station ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。‎ ‎63.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选A项。‎ ‎64. C细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. …You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。‎ ‎65. D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks you’re failing. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying-that’s why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D项。‎ ‎66.B细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy…NASA is worried about two things :… and, more importantly, how maintain strength and fitness…”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点，文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。考生应注意：1.平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2.熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题（高考题中一般不给出标题）、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这部分是命题的重点，考生应该重点把握。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，考生一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京卷】C - 171 -‎ Life in the Clear ‎ Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”‎ ‎ And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.‎ ‎ The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.‎ ‎ But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.‎ ‎ To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.‎ Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .‎ Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.‎ ‎63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.‎ ‎ A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged ‎ C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures ‎64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.‎ ‎ A. silently B. gradually ‎ C. regularly D. completely ‎65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.‎ ‎ A. change the direction of light travel ‎ ‎ B. gather materials to scatter light.‎ ‎ C. avoid the absorption of light ‎ D. grow bigger to stop light.‎ ‎66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.‎ ‎ A. move more slowly in deep water ‎ B. stay see-through even after death ‎ C. produce more tissues for their survival ‎ D. take effective action to reduce light spreading ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。‎ ‎63.B 细节理解题。文章第一段第三行：Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch。得知B选项：透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。‎ ‎64.D 词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎65.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light。可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。‎ ‎66.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does可以推断出D为正确答案。其中slowdown对应reduce。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】科技类说明文 ‎【名师点睛】做科技类说明文时，考生应能：理解语篇主旨要义，理解文中具体信息，根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义，根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理。此次出现了新型科技类说明文。往年科技类说明文的阅读难点在于专业类词汇，但是今年的“新型耳机”在问题设置上难度不大，属于文章难但题目不难的题目。所以要理解好文章做好此题就不是难题。‎ ‎3.【2015·江苏】B In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?‎ From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .‎ A. the weight of e-goods is rather small B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of C. natural minerals contain more precious metals D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .‎ A. from producers to governments ‎ B. from governments to producers C. from individuals to distributors ‎ D. from distributors to governments ‎60. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. The increase in e-waste. ‎ B. The creation of e-waste.‎ C. The seriousness of e-waste. ‎ - 171 -‎ D. The management of e-waste.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【考点定位】科普说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】科普类文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的理解和推理能力。文章选材时代气息浓厚，与经济、科技的发展和变化密切相关。考生应注意：1.平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2.熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题（高考题中一般不给出标题）、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这部分是命题的重点，考生应该重点把握。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，考生一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。‎ ‎4.C Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.‎ Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.‎ People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.‎ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.‎ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items - 171 -‎ ‎ like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.‎ ‎61.People volunteer mainly out of ______ .‎ A. academic requirements B. social expectations C. financial rewards D. internal needs ‎62.What can we learn from the Florida study?‎ A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.‎ C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.‎ ‎63.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?‎ A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.‎ C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.‎ ‎64.What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。‎ ‎61. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知人们做志愿者工作的原因为：“to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships”，再结合“If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate” 可知答案为D项（满足内在的需求）。‎ ‎62．B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”可知志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备。故选B项。‎ ‎63.C细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中“those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work”可知志愿者身份认同会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作。故选C项。‎ ‎64.A标题归纳题。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项（如何使人们从事志愿者服务）是文章的最佳标题。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2．以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时，理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。‎ ‎5.【2015·广东】C Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.‎ One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.‎ Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV - 171 -‎ ‎ doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.‎ Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.‎ For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.‎ ‎36. By watching TV, children learn _________.‎ A. images through words B. more than explicit meanings C. more about images than words D. little about people’s psychology ‎37. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.‎ A. on his own B. with other kids C. with his parents D. with his teachers ‎38. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?‎ A. Radio-listening B. Television-watching C. Parents’ reading list D. Parents’ educational background ‎39. Anderson believed that _________.‎ A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school ‎40. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To advise on the educational use of TV.‎ B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.‎ C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.‎ D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文叙述著名心理学家Daniel Anderson对孩子们看电视的看法，打破了以往人们认为看电视对孩子不好的想法。他认为孩子们看电视不知学到显现出来的东西；父母陪孩子看电视，孩子可以学到更多知识；孩子看电视并没有代替孩子阅读，并没有影响孩子的智商。‎ ‎36. B细节理解题。根据第二段的Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.可知孩子们通过看电视，可以学到显性和隐藏的意义，因此不仅仅学到隐藏的意思。故选B。‎ ‎37. C推理判断题。根据第二段的Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them“孩子们有父母陪着看电视理解的更多”，故推断教育节目最好是父母陪着孩子看。故选C。‎ ‎38. D细节理解题。根据第三段的Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading.可知父母的教育背景对孩子的阅读有很强的影响。故选D。‎ ‎39. C细节理解题。根据第四段的“If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older”可知如果你小时越聪明，长大看电视看得越来越少。故选C。‎ ‎40. D推理判断题。根据最后一段的Anderson suggests that television cannot condemned without considering other influences.“Anderson认为不应该按照常规，不考虑电视的其他影响而去谴责电视”故推断这篇文章的目的是呈现Anderson打破常规的想法，故选D。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】教育类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文侧重考查学生的细节理解能力。问题设置巧妙，根据题干要求，学生自己阅读，就能在文中找到答案。尤其第40题，充分考查了学生的语篇理解能力。同时，这篇短文提出的一种与常规不一样的看法，看电视对孩子是有好处的。‎ ‎6.【2015·陕西】C The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.‎ On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.‎ On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.‎ Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.‎ It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.‎ ‎54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?‎ A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.‎ B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.‎ C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.‎ D. It improves local soil conditions.‎ ‎55. The purpose of the text is to .‎ A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade ‎56. Where does this text probably come from ?‎ A. An agricultural magazine.‎ B. A medical journal.‎ C. An engineering textbook.‎ D. A tourist guide.‎ ‎57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?‎ ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产给环境和生态带来的种种危害，呼吁人们不要购买这种咖啡，而要买对环境有利的产品。‎ ‎54.细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子：The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来空气污染和全球气温变暖，故选B。‎ ‎55.写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的句子：But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.可知作者的意图是劝说人们购买阴凉处种植的咖啡，这样对环境是有好处的，故选D。‎ ‎56.推理判断题。文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产会带来的破坏，应该是出自一本农业杂志，故选A。‎ ‎57.文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】环保类阅读理解 ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容不是学生非常熟悉的，但是篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了抓住主旨，理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，如：判断文章的出处，作者的意图，文章的结构。这些不是某个句子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。‎ ‎7.【2015·四川】D Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.‎ ‎ David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.‎ ‎ Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.‎ He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."‎ And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."‎ Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.‎ However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.‎ ‎42.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?‎ ‎ A. The breeding season. B. The light in modern life ‎ C. The dangerous environment. D. The noise from heavy machinery.‎ ‎43.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?‎ ‎ A. The environment might be polluted.‎ ‎ B. The birds' health might be damaged.‎ ‎ C. The industry cost might be increased.‎ ‎ D. The people's hearing might be affected.‎ ‎44.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ ‎ A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.‎ ‎ C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.‎ ‎45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?‎ ‎ A. Because there are fewer dangers.‎ ‎ B. Because there is more food to eat.‎ C. Because there is less light pollution D. Because there are more places to take shelter.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。‎ ‎42.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake可知选择B。‎ ‎43.B 细节理解题。根据文章Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."可知，唱歌唱得越多，就会损耗更多的能量，故选择B。‎ ‎44.A 词义辨析题。根据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，故选择A，指晚上很兴奋。学优高考网 ‎45.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方，故选择A，指在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇文章考查了科普说明文的阅读。科普说明文是高考阅读理解中的重点与难点。在阅读此类文章时，考生会觉得篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化。因此，要求考生要掌握相对的解题技巧与能力。在读此类文章时，要弄清文章的主题，本文主题为人造光影响了鸟类的生物钟，使得它们晚上还在歌唱，影响了鸟类的健康。在设题时，此类文章常考词义辨析题，如，要求考生要从上文的具体现象中概括出生词词义。‎ ‎8.【2015·四川】E No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.‎ ‎“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.‎ People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.‎ The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.‎ Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.‎ However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.‎ So he tried it.‎ He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.‎ They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.‎ West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.‎ ‎46.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.‎ A. rolling them on roads B. pushing them over the sand C. sliding them on smooth paths D. dragging them on some poles - 171 -‎ ‎47.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means____.‎ A. made the path wet B. made the path hard C. made the path wide D. made the path slippery ‎48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?‎ A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.‎ B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.‎ C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.‎ D. Rolling the blocks with fat.‎ ‎49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West ?‎ ‎ A. Because more force is needed for sliding.‎ ‎ B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.‎ ‎ C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.‎ ‎ D. Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling.‎ ‎50.What is the text mainly about ?‎ ‎ A. An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎ B. An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎ C. An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎ D. An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。‎ ‎46.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.可知选择C。‎ ‎47.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier,以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。‎ ‎48.A 词义猜测题。这是考查指代词的指代内容，由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知，选择A，意为把杆绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。‎ ‎49.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选择D。‎ ‎50.D 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选择D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇文章考查了科普说明文的阅读。科普说明文是高考阅读理解中的重点与难点。在阅读此类文章时，考生会觉得篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化。因此，要求考生要掌握相对的解题技巧与能力。设题时，常会考查生词词义判断题，如要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词词义。以及代词指代判断题，如，此类试题常以it、them等代词为命题特色，要求考生推断其指代对象。通常在上文出现。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】B Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo. ‎ While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.‎ The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.‎ - 171 -‎ Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.‎ Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.‎ The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.‎ ‎41. How are social robots different from household robots?‎ ‎ A. They can control their emotions. B. They are more like humans.‎ C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly.‎ ‎42. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. Communicate with you and perform operations.‎ B. Answer your questions and make requests.‎ C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.‎ D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.‎ ‎43. What can Oshbot work as?‎ A. A language teacher. B. A tour guide.‎ C. A shop assistant. D. A private nurse.‎ ‎44. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______. ‎ A. train employees B. be our workmates ‎ C. improve technologies D. take the place of workers ‎45. What does the passage mainly present?‎ A. A new design idea of household robots.‎ B. Marketing strategies for social robots.‎ C. Information on household robots.‎ D. An introduction to social robots.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章大意：文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。‎ ‎41. B细节理解题。根据文章第二段While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.可知社会机器人更像人或不是纯粹的工具。故选B。‎ ‎42. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“his action to keep his balance against the strong winds made for some heart－stopping(令人担忧的)moments for the audience.”可知选D。‎ ‎43. C 细节理解题。根据第三段You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.和It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.可知此机器人可以解答问题且可以提醒家庭成员服药和拍照片。选C。‎ ‎44. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal 的话“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。‎ ‎45. D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】科技类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇科技类短文阅读，整体难度中等偏易，多数考查细节理解题，只需通过关键词定位可得出答案。倒数第二题需要稍加推理才能判断出答案，最后一题是对文章的主旨大意的考查，考生做题时尤其注意切切不能以偏概全，干扰选择项要多回到原文的原句反复斟酌。‎ ‎10.【2015·浙江】C If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling itwith light. ‎ The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting ‎ - 171 -‎ design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected . ‎ In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.‎ We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.‎ Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.‎ Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.‎ ‎50. According to the passage, human being .‎ A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light ‎ C. were curious about the midnight world ‎ D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon ‎51. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?‎ A. The night. B. The moon C. The sky D. The planet ‎52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to .‎ A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals ‎ C. compare the living habits of both species ‎ D. explain why the number of certain species has declined ‎ ‎53. It is implied in the last paragraph that .‎ A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space ‎ D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe ‎54. What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Magic light. B. The Orange Haze.‎ C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。‎ ‎50. B 细节理解题 根据第一段第三行“ with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light眼睛适应了太阳的光线” 可以知道答案。其中adapted to 和used to 同义，意为习惯于。‎ ‎51. A 猜词题，对于这种指代的题目，往往答案是最接近它的一个。根据这种原则，不能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一的方法去解释我们对于夜晚做了什么：我们设计了光，让光充满星空。‎ ‎52. B 写作目的题 根据第二段第一句话”The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处“和最后一句，“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected“, 此句意为无论光洒在什么地方，生活都会受到一些影响。 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals说明光污染影响的动物 - 171 -‎ ‎53. D 推理题，最后一段的意思是” Living in a glare of our making ,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.生活在一个刺眼世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：星星和昼夜节律的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我，而这些失去的正好就是最好的测量银河系银河深夜的工具。“ 根据语意，不难得出答案是D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe人类应该反思自己的行为。但此题易错选B，之所以不选B是因为some of 的表达是扩大了说法，以偏概全。‎ ‎54. C 标题题，根据，文章出现最多的就是light和night, 我们可以知道答案是C。之所以不选A，是因为它所使用的形容词Magic意思是奇幻的，这个单词具有褒义的意思。而C选项的disappearing 是消失的，这符合本文的语境，让我们反思。‎ ‎【考点定位】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章 ‎【名师点睛】对于这种文章，一定要读懂作者的观点是什么？留意作者看法的用词，即是文章所使用的形容词是支持还是反对。尤其要读懂第一段的内容，因为往往开头是陈述作者观点的地方。如第一段“If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.如果人类真的在家里的月亮和星星的光下，我们会在黑暗中快乐，午夜的世界，我们可见的是夜间的大量在这个星球上的物种。相反，我们是日行动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线。”‎ ‎11.【2015·安徽】C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood thatthe computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.‎ In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".‎ According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. ‎ ‎ A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information ‎65. What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. ‎ B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. ‎ D. The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎66. In transactive memory, people ______.‎ A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information ‎ C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information ‎67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? ‎ A. Weare using memory differently. B. We arebecoming more intelligent.‎ C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎64. A ‎65. C ‎66. D ‎67. A ‎【考点定位】心理类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。‎ ‎12.【2015·湖南】B In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."‎ The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.‎ An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.‎ This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?‎ That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.‎ ‎61.The author mentions the joke to show ______.‎ ‎ A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago ‎ B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy ‎ C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring ‎ D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous ‎62.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.‎ ‎ A. get rid of the street dirt ‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ B. lower the Chicago River ‎ C. fight against heavy floods ‎ D. build the pipes above ground ‎63.The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".‎ ‎ A. change B. lift ‎ C. repair D. decorate ‎64.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?‎ ‎ A. It went on smoothly as intended.‎ ‎ B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.‎ ‎ C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.‎ ‎ D. It separated the building from its foundation.‎ ‎65.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.‎ ‎ A. popular life styles and their influences ‎ B. environmental disasters and their causes ‎ C. engineering problems and their solutions ‎ D. successful businessmen and their achievements ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎61．B ‎62．D ‎63．B ‎64．A ‎65．C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案 ‎61．B;细节推理题。根据文章的第一段第一句话：In early history, Chicago had floors frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck.可知芝加哥因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，行人，马和车全部都堵在路上。所以作者提及那个玩笑是为了突出芝加哥这一特点，故选B ‎62．D;细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话：An engineer named Eill Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover thenwith dirt.可知以Eill Chesbrough为首的人们认为应该在地上埋下排水管道，故选D ‎63．B;细节推理题。根据后文：Small wood-frame building could be lifted fairly easily.可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高。故选B ‎64．A;细节推理题。根据倒数第二段中的倒数第二句话：At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.(在Pullman的指导下，每个人同时抬起他们手中的千斤顶，因此建筑就被慢慢地、平整地抬起来了)可知A项正确, 故选A ‎65．C;主旨大意题。文章的第一段就提出芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来的段落讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到这些方法虽然解决当前的问题，但是随之而来的又会冒出一些新的问题有待解决。故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决办法，故选C ‎【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇科普类的文章，主要是考查上下文理解和对文章细节的把握，明白作者的构思在文章中给出的自己想法和观点以及对文章的总结。例如最后一段：Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.可知作者觉得所有的解决办法都会解决了原有的问题后又产生出一个新的问题。这是对文章的一个总结。‎ ‎13.【2015·新课标全国II】B Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.‎ Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat - 171 -‎ ‎ lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.‎ Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.‎ Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.‎ Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.‎ ‎25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.‎ A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets ‎26. A home environment in blue can help people ____.‎ A. digest food better B. reduce food intake C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites ‎27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?‎ A. Eat quickly.‎ B. Play fast music C. Use smaller spoons D. Turn down the lights ‎28.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Is Your House Making You Fat?‎ B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎25. B ‎26. B ‎27.C ‎28.A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：你家的房子对你的身材很有影响。长胖还是变瘦关键看你如何设计自己的家了。我们这里有很好的建议4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。‎ ‎25. B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。‎ ‎26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。‎ ‎27.C 推理判断题。本题是在考查考生是否理解了4条建议。第4段People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.，说明吃得慢就吃得少，吃得快就多，故A错；If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.说明放舒缓的音乐可以让人吃得慢，反之则快，故B错；第二段Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,由此可知房间暗会增加饮食，所以D错；最后一段When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.用大勺和小勺吃饭，相差14%，故选C。‎ ‎28.A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.‎ - 171 -‎ 可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。‎ ‎【考点定位】科普类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。‎ ‎14.【2015·新课标全国I】D Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”‎ A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.‎ ‎ The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.‎ ‎32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?‎ ‎ A. Learn a new subject B. Keep in touch with friends.‎ C. Show off their knowledge.‎ D. Express their true feelings.‎ ‎33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?‎ A. They are less frequently visited.‎ B. They stay open for longer hours.‎ C. They have bigger night crowds.‎ D. They start to serve fast food.‎ ‎34. What are theme cafes expected to do?‎ A. Create more jobs.‎ B. Supply better drinks.‎ C. Save the cafe business.‎ D. Serve the neighborhood.‎ ‎35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?‎ A. They bring people true friendship.‎ B. They give people spiritual support.‎ C. They help people realize their dreams.‎ D. They offer a platform for business links.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎32. D ‎33. A ‎ ‎34. C ‎ ‎35. B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲述了法国精神咖啡馆（psychology cafes）的社会意义和功能特色，以及在法国越来越受欢迎。‎ ‎32. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知在La Chope咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D。‎ ‎33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可知改变了更多时间呆在家里的更年轻一代人。故选A。‎ ‎34. C 推理判断题。根据第二段Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可以得出答案。故选C。‎ ‎35. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。学优高考网 ‎【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇社会类短文阅读。难度中等偏上，学生不易读懂。但是第32和33题均为考查细节理解题，问题设计比较简单，考生只需通过关键词定位即可得出答案。其中第34和35题需要在原文的内容的基础之上作出推理，才能判断出正确的答案。考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。‎ 专题十七 阅读理解之阅读新题型 ‎1.【2015·北京卷】第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. ‎ But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.‎ It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__‎ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.‎ C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.‎ D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.‎ G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.‎ ‎【解析】‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】生活类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本文是七选五常考的建议类说明文，第1、2自然段为概念的提出及导入，第3段明确了下文的内容：如何在“白日做梦”中趋利避害。文章结构清晰，干扰选项较易排除，整体难度不大，文章的主题“如何培养创新的想法”，除了理解整篇文章及选项外还要注意文章中的副词，代词，逻辑连接词以及特殊概念名词的出现。文章结构清晰，可读性强，提示词明显。因此，日常练习中要侧重以抓住文章结构及段落主旨为主，兼顾辨析选项，尤其是根据核心词排除干扰项的做题技巧。学生需要遵循先易后难的原则，来提高正确率。‎ ‎2.【2015·江苏】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)‎ ‎ 请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ ‎ 注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。‎ People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.‎ In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.‎ News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.‎ News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.‎ For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.‎ - 171 -‎ What news stories do you read?‎ Division of news stories ‎● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.‎ ‎● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.‎ ‎● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.‎ ‎(72)▲of the two classes ‎● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ .‎ ‎● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved.‎ ‎● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲to them.‎ ‎● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)▲from the reality.‎ Unstable boundaries of the two classes ‎● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲.‎ ‎● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality.‎ ‎● Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)▲on the reader.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71．rewards/rewarded ‎72．Explanations ‎ ‎73．involvement ‎74．share ‎75．threat ‎76．prepare ‎77．withdraw ‎78．profession(s)/intention ‎79．adapt ‎80．depends ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。‎ ‎71．信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。‎ ‎72．信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward（迟来的回报）”的解释。‎ ‎73．信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。‎ ‎74．信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。‎ ‎75．信息查找题。根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。‎ ‎76．信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。‎ ‎77．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。‎ ‎78．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“‎ - 171 -‎ 意图，动机”。‎ ‎79．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。‎ ‎80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。‎ ‎【考点定位】任务型阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲，即“审题”→“略读”→“边细读边解题”→“复核”。“审题”，即看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。“略读”，指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。了解阅读材料的文体，作者的观点和态度。“边细读边解题”，指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。考生应注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理，同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考查内容。根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。填写答案时要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等。“复核”即检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务。注意拼写是否正确以及大小写等。‎ ‎3.【2015·广东】信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。‎ 首先阅读下列活动介绍：‎ A.‎ B.‎ A Night of Glamor and Intrigue at Shanghai Bund in 1930‎ To celebrate Asia heritage month, Trendy New York is proud to present “Cheongsam Night out--A date with Cheongsam beauties in Shanghai Bund 1930”.‎ May 16, 9:00 PM-May 17, 12:00 AM. EDT ‎330 West 40th Street, New York. NY 10018‎ Picking Partners---NEW YORK Featuring adaptations from Chinese and Western classic, including works from Chinese Academy Award---winning composer Tan Dun, the Beijing Guitar Duo teamed up with Cuban guitar virtuoso Manuel Barrueco (right) for a China West Concert at the New York Historical Society on April 23.‎ C.‎ D.‎ Heroes of History: Legacy of My Chinese Family Join us as actress Tina Chen recounts the fascinating story of three generations of her mother’s family and their contributions to the history of China.‎ Friday, May 8, 6:30PM--7:30PM China Institute ‎125 East 65th Street, New York, NY 10065‎ Great shorts---NEW YORK A photography exhibition held by HAN Media to celebrate its founding in New York City on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers; Yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin Lin and Liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue, ELLE, The New York Times and others.‎ E.‎ F.‎ - 171 -‎ Forbidden delights---NEW YORK The first session of the China Institute in America short course Beijing: The City Through Its Architecture opens on Wednesday. Nancy S. Steinhardt discusses the Forbidden City and Beijing’s imperial architecture.‎ Passing on the Kunqu Art: From Master to Disciples Kunqu Society, the classical Chinese theater which combines singing, dancing and acting to literary works by masters of Ming and Qing Dynasties, performing introduces four signature plays of Kunqu Master Jiqing Zhang to American audiences.‎ Sunday, April 19, 2:00PM, EST Miller Theatre at Columbia University ‎2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027‎ 请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：‎ ‎46. Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.‎ ‎47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others. ‎ ‎48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.‎ ‎49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.‎ ‎50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：‎ ‎46. F根据Edward Leonardo Norton 对于中国的古典文学作品感兴趣，并且去上夜校来学习古典汉语。选项F叙述的是Kunqu Society是中国古典的戏院，把唱歌、跳舞和中国文学作品联系起来。这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选F。‎ ‎47. C根据Daphne Sui-yuan Tan对于自己的以及其他人的家族历史感兴趣。选项C叙述的是legacy of my Chinese Family，关于家族的历史，这正符合Daphne Sui-yuan Tan的要求，故选C。‎ ‎48. B根据Sharon Collins是一名歌手和业余摄影师，她对于古典音乐非常感兴趣，她不错过参加音乐会的任何机会。选项B叙述的是Picking partners将在4月23日召开音乐会，这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选B。‎ ‎49. D根据Michelle Higgins对于摄影展非常感兴趣。选项D叙述的是一次摄影展在4月24日在纽约举行，这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选D。‎ ‎50. E根据Caroline Hugo写过关于紫禁城一个故事，选项E叙述的是Forbidden Delights要讨论关于紫禁城的城市。‎ ‎【考点定位】信息匹配。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题介绍了这5个人有不同的爱好和需求，广告栏中介绍不同的活动情况及各自的联系方式，为不同的人找到他们可能需要参加的活动，此题主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及查读所需信息的能力。‎ ‎4.【2015·陕西】第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从下框的A~F - 171 -‎ 选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。‎ A. The mistaken belief ‎ B. The need for tolerance ‎ C. Unpunctuality at dinners D. Punctuality and confidence ‎ E. Self-discipline and punctuality ‎ F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual ‎ ‎61. A ‎ There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (扰乱)with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).‎ ‎62. E ‎ To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.‎ ‎63. F ‎ Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.‎ ‎64. C ‎ Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.‎ ‎65 B ‎ However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.‎ In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍的是人际交往中守时和自律的重要性，并介绍如何做到守时和自律。‎ ‎61.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view.可知这段的大意是：错误的观念，所以选A.‎ ‎62.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others.可知这段的大意是：自律和守时，所以选E。‎ ‎63.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual.可知这段的大意是：避免守时造成的焦虑，所以选F。‎ ‎64.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality.可知这段的大意是：就餐时不守时，所以选C。‎ ‎65.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance.可知这段的大意是：需要容忍，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查信息匹配 ‎【名师点睛】这题考查信息匹配题是考查每个段落大意，要确定每个段落的大意首先要仔细阅读文章每个段落，特别注意每段的首句和尾句，最好划出题干中的定位词，和选项中的句子进行对比这样可以更准确的抓住段落大意。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。‎ Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.‎ ‎ On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time - 171 -‎ ‎ for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.‎ ‎ “Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”‎ ‎ “The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”‎ The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”‎ Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.‎ ‎56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)‎ ‎57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎60. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.‎ ‎57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.‎ ‎58. The process is more important than the result.‎ Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.‎ Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.‎ ‎59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things. ‎ Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.‎ Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.‎ ‎60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. ‎ Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. ‎ Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。‎ ‎56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第一段At age 68, he retired from the post office可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。‎ ‎57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者在信中建议他爷爷放慢速度。特别注意动词advise的用法。‎ ‎58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts等内容可以归纳出答案。‎ ‎59. 句意猜测题。根据上文的内容可以推测出，他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情。‎ ‎60. 开放题。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。‎ ‎【考点定位】阅读表达。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙文。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但要从文章中找出答案，还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候，考生要注意语法结构的正确以及字数的限制。‎ ‎6.【2015·浙江】第二节:下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第61-65题)。请从以下选项(A, B, C,‎ D, E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。‎ A. Come in with something to say.‎ B. Prepare general comments.‎ - 171 -‎ C. Bring materials with you.‎ D. Don’t make them wait.‎ E. Have no fear.‎ F. Go it alone.‎ One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor. So hoof on over to an office hour and have some one-on-one face time with someone who’ll help you master the material and improve your grade, to boot. But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count:‎ ‎61. No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions. Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well. And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you’re gong to ask will set the record for stupidity.‎ ‎62. Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner, the office hour will go better if it’s just you and the professor. You’ll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on, and two-party communication is almost always more productive than committee work. You friend can wait outside for the discussion.‎ ‎63. If you can’t make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make individual, appointments to help you out. If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation, though, be sure you’re 100 percent on time. There’s nothing that ticks off a professor more than making him-or herself available for a custom office hour only to find that you don’t care enough to come on time. And besides, the professor might leave after ten minutes, which would make your trip a total loss.‎ ‎64. If you’re meeting with the professor to go over a paper or test, or to ask questions about a particular lecture or reading, make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the article. The professor doesn’t remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work—though he or she will be able to recall them after just a brief glance at your work. And if you have your lecture notes or the article in hand, you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to you, rather than just talking in a general way about the contents.‎ ‎65. Office hours almost always go better if you bring a few specific questions to the meeting. It’s almost never good to start a meeting with general comments such as:“I didn’t understand what you said about [main topic of the course]”or“I couldn’t understand any of your lectures last week.”Much better is to come in with two or three conversation-starters, about a specific concept, point, or problem you didn’t understand. Keep in mind that in a fifteen-minute office hour (which is how long these things usually last), two or three questions are usually the most you’ll have time to discuss.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章给出了几个建议如何约见教授并开展对话以及一些注意事项 ‎61. E 根据后面所说的一些内容可以得出答案，比如all bent out of shape 大发雷霆，理解上下文不难得出之所以不敢去问是因为害怕，教授会问你说stupid 愚蠢，因为he or she has seen many students stupider than you（教授见过比你更蠢的学生都有）。‎ ‎62. F根据“go better if it’s just you and the professor.最好是只有你和教授两个人” 和“You friend can wait outside for the discussion你的朋友最好在外面等”说明你应该是独自一个人去的Go it alone.‎ ‎63. D根据使用的几个词“on time”和 leave after ten minutes, 可以知道这个意思是Don’t make them wait.不能让教授等待，应该是准时，因为教授不会久等。‎ ‎64. C根据第二行make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the article.确信带纸或者是试卷，说明你去之前应该是Bring materials with you.带一些材料。‎ ‎65. A根据第四行Much better is to come in with two or three conversation-starters, about a specific concept, point, or problem you didn’t understand.最好是带两个或3个观点、概念或者不明白的地方开始对话”， 也就是准备几个要说的东西。此题容易错选B选项，而且文章中也的确提到了这个字眼“general comments”, 但是要注意前面所使用的一个词never绝不” It’s almost never good to start a meeting with general comments”。‎ ‎【考点定位】语篇段落题 ‎【名师点睛】要求考生根据篇章内容和脉络，选出每段的首句，考查学生概括主题和查找主题句的能力。‎ - 171 -‎ 这种题目的难度不大，需要正确理解后面所说的内容，因为首句是高度概括的句子。当然也要注意所使用的一些表达否定的词语比如说but， never，seldom，hardly 等。‎ ‎7.【2015·安徽】任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。‎ Put a group of strangers in a room together, and they'll probably start a conversation. "Hot today, isn't it?"one might say. "You said it." another replies.‎ Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don't begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.‎ Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.‎ Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.‎ So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.‎ Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make himor her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.‎ Third, keep eye contact (接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.‎ Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you don't know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.‎ Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!‎ Title Small Talk: A Big (76)____‎ Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we (77)____ meet people.‎ ‎(78)____‎ ‎❖ Small talk can help people form (79)____ friendships. ‎ ‎❖Small talk can also help people get a (80)____.‎ Advice ‎❖Find some topics (81)____ with the other person.‎ ‎❖Keep the talk going by making compliments and (82)____ questions. ❖Keep eye contact in conversation to build (83)____.‎ ‎❖(84)____ more in order to make small talk easier.‎ Conclusion Small talk really (85)____ a lot to us.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎76. Deal ‎77. first ‎78. Advantages/Benefits ‎79. new ‎80. job/position/post ‎81. shared ‎82. asking/rasing ‎83. trust ‎84. Practice/Practise ‎85. matters/means ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是简短对话的重要性。素不相识的人通常以讨论交通状况或天气来开始他们的交谈。做题时注意联系上下文提取有效信息，并注意是否需要进行词形转换。‎ ‎76. Deal 根据最后一段“In fact, it is actually a very big deal!”可知，事实上，简短对话非常重要，a big deal是固定短语。‎ ‎77. first 根据“Put a group of strangers in a room together...”可知，陌生人见面可能会开始简短的聊天，由此可知，他们是首次见面。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎78. Advantages/Benefits 根据第三段可知，简短的谈话可以帮助人们建立友谊，帮助人们找到工作，说明这里说的是好处或优点。‎ ‎79. new 根据第三段“Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships.”可知答案。‎ ‎80. job/position/post 根据第四段“Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.”可知答案。‎ ‎81. shared 根据第五段“Select something around you that you share with the other person.”可知答案，这里用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎82. asking/rasing 根据第六段“and ask questions to show interest”可知，通过提问问题来表示自己感兴趣，by后跟动名词。‎ ‎83. trust 根据第七段“It makes you appear honest and builds trust.”可知，眼神接触能使人显得真诚，并在双方之间建立起信任。‎ ‎84. Practice/Practise 根据倒数第二段“Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.”可知，简短对话经过多加练习之后就会变得容易。‎ ‎85. matters/means 根据最后一段“small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!”可知，简短对话不容小觑，事实上，简短对话很重要。matter重要，相当于count。mean a lot to sb对某人来说意义重大。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】做任务型阅读，考生需要先浏览表格的结构，对空白处所填词的词性、词形有一个初步的认识，接着需要从文中寻找相关信息，必要时还需要进行词形转换，还要考虑固定搭配、固定句型。最后一个空需要考生进行推理和总结，有一定的难度。‎ ‎8.【2015·湖南】Section A (10 marks)‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.‎ Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one. To make a wise selection, you should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries: pocket, desk, and unabridged. You should also know the copyright date of your dictionary, and check is special features.‎ A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75000 entries, making it hardly to carry to class and efficient to use. However, a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework. In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited. A desk dictionary is medium sized, generally containing over 100,000 entries as well as extra features. For college work, you should own a current desk dictionary. An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary. Abridged dictionaries, such as pocket and desk dictionaries, are shortened. Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words, they are large and heavy. They are often used by schools and libraries.‎ If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.‎ In selecting a dictionary, check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions. Many editions contain signs, symbols and foreign words. Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎71．Select ‎ ‎72．inadequate ‎73．word information ‎74．desk dictionary ‎75．extra features ‎76．large and heavy ‎77．schools and libraries ‎78．admitting new words ‎79．cheek ‎80．access to ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。‎ ‎71．Select; 本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。故填Select. ‎ ‎72．inadequate;根据第二段中的第三句话：However, a pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework.可知作者认为口袋字典不能用来作为写家庭作业的参考。不能够胜任: inadequate for…。故填inadequate ‎73．word information;根据第二段的第四句话：the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited可知口袋字典里每个单词的意思是有限的。故填word information ‎74．desk dictionary;根据题目中的第二个方框里给出的信息可知作者写完pocket dictionary后接着写第二种字典：desk dictionary。故填desk dictionary ‎75．extra features;根据第二段中的第五句话：A desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170,000 entries as well as extra features.可知中等体积是desk dictionary的外特点。故填extra features ‎76．large and heavy; 根据第二段中的倒数第二句话：because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words, they are large and heavy;故填large and heavy ‎77．schools and libraries;根据第二段的最后一句话：They are often used by schools and libraries. 可知unabridged dictionaries适用于学校和图书馆。故填schools and librarie ‎78．admitting new words;根据第三段的第二句话:可知英语是一种动态的语言，所以字典也应该及时地更新，允许心的单词加入。故填admitting new words ‎79．check;根据第四段的第一句话：In selecting a dictionary ,check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions.可知题目中最后一个方框里的三条信息所讲的是选择字典时要检查词汇意外的特点，故填check ‎80．access to;根据全篇章的最后一句话：Some also contain CD-ROMS and access to special online features.可知，故填access to ‎【考点定位】生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】要求考生根据篇章内容和所给题目，进行快速阅读，锁定关键词。考查学生分清条理和查找关键词的能力。这种题目的难度不大，需要根据正确理解文章所说的内容，确定关键句子，找出关键词。有时也需要因为所填内容的限制，将关键词变形，例如78题，原文给出的是admits new words，因为要跟reflecting English as a dynamic language和recognizing changes in meaning, 保持一致，故admits要变成admitting。‎ ‎9.【2015·湖南】Section B (10 mark.)‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.‎ Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things For most high school students, free periods are useless. From what I have seen, few do homework, instead many are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.‎ Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never - 171 -‎ ‎ know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don't try it.‎ In my 8th grade, I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However, the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.‎ Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure it out.‎ Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college. The classes we choose can impact us in future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students.‎ ‎81. How should we use our extra periods in the author's opinion?‎ ‎(No more than 9 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎82. Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?‎ ‎(No more than 17 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎83. Why did the clay pot show the author's lack of artistic ability? ‎ ‎(No more than 10 words) (3 marks)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎84.According to the author, how will taking optional subjects impact up in the future? ‎ ‎(No more than 13 words) (3 marks)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎81.We should use them to take optional subjects.‎ ‎82.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.‎ ‎83.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln. ‎ ‎84.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.‎ ‎【考点定位】人生哲理类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这种有关人生类的哲理性短文，夹叙夹议，一定程度上相当于记叙文。首先一定要理清作者的思路，根据作者的思路搞清楚他想表达自己一个什么样的思想以及他从自己的经历或叙事当中的体会是什么。比如第三段中的句子：One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an - 171 -‎ ‎ artist.可知作者本来是想做一个艺术家，但通过烧窑做黏土锅这件事发现自己并不适合当艺术家。以此来鼓励作者根据自己的兴趣做一些尝试，成功失败都不重要，在年轻时丰富自己的经历和大脑才是首要事情。‎ ‎10.【2015·新课标全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.C ‎37. E ‎38.A ‎39. D ‎40. G ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是以如何锻炼马拉松为话题，提到从长期的角度说应该做到精心准备，循序渐进。这样才能达到锻炼的目的。‎ ‎36. C 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里应该是Before you begin your training训练前的准备工作。故选C。‎ ‎37. E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说If they still feel good, you can begin running in them如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。‎ ‎38. A考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是After six days，练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。‎ ‎39. D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D With each day, increase the distance by a half mile。‎ ‎40. G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选G Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time。‎ ‎【考点定位】生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是给体育锻炼提建议。这是七选五短文常考的类型。这类题的思路清楚，考生容易把握文章的结构，为填充缺失的信息打下好的基础。本题的首句是关键的理解点。下文都围绕这句展开。所以填对的根据在于正确理解全文和摸清文章的脉络。‎ ‎11.【2015·新课标全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 .Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 37. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ l ‎38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.‎ l ‎39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference - 171 -‎ ‎ between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B. It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎36. B ‎37. E ‎ ‎38. A ‎39. C ‎ ‎40. G ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。‎ ‎36. B 根据前一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项B中的it代指上文刚出现的trust。故选B。‎ ‎37. E 根据前句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。可知选E。‎ ‎38. A 根据后句having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选A。‎ ‎39. C根据后句If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。‎ ‎40. G根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life和后一句instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇阅读填空题延续了一贯的总分式结构，难度总体适中。第36题主要考查顺承上文，第37题考查前面句的因果关系，第38、39题考查总分关系，第40题考查转折关系。考生解题时一定首先理解文章大意，然后在做题时分析前后句之间的关系，最后要将所选的答案带回原文当中阅读，最终才能选择正确答案。‎ ‎12.【2015·上海】Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.‎ Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.‎ Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen） increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté （2002） defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult.‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment （e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard）. When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. （whether they win or lose） than with the behavior. （having fun）.‎ On the other hand, Ericsson （1993） suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.‎ ‎（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）‎ ‎78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?‎ ‎79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.‎ ‎80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?‎ ‎81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.‎ ‎ 【答案】‎ ‎78. Improved physical health and psychosocial development ‎79. participate in sports during adulthood ‎80. They change rules to suit their needs and their environment ‎81. improving performance ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇说明文，讲述青年运动有可能在孩子的发展中完成三个重要目标。强身健体、心理发展和运动技能。‎ ‎78. Improved physical health and psychosocial development 细节题，根据文章第一段“First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control.首先,运动项目可以为年轻人提供机会锻炼,从而导致改善身体健康。第二,青年运动项目一直被认为是重要的青少年的心理发展,提供机会学习重要的生活技能,如合作、纪律,领导,和自我控制。”对这个的内容进行高度概括，所以可以知道答案是Improved physical health and psychosocial development改善身体健康和心理发展。‎ ‎79. participate in sports during adulthood 细节题，根据“Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen）increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females.Telama(2006) 的研究指出，在儿童和青少年(年龄在9到18)时，定期参与故意玩或刻意练习活动，不管是男性还是女性，在成年时增加参与运动的可能性六达倍多。”缩短答案字数为participate in sports during adulthood在成年参加体育运动。‎ ‎80. They change rules to suit their needs and their environment 根据“For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment例如,孩子可能会改变足球和篮球规则以适应他们的需求和环境”，可以知道答案是They change rules to suit their needs and their environment他们改变规则以适应他们的需求和他们的环境。‎ ‎81. improving performance 根据文章最后一句话“Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.虽然演习中使用可用的最有效的手段也许不是最有趣的练习，它们可能是最相关的改善表现。”可以知道答案是improving performance改善表现。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】 说明文 ‎【名师点睛】这种用最短的单词填空的题目有一定难度，要求首先要对文章能够整体把握，知道答案在哪里面去找，然后对答案区域的内容进行压缩，用最少的单词或短语表达出来。其实这种最少的单词短语，主要是找最关键的词，对于那一些修饰的成分比如说从句定语（形容词）、状语（副词）直接去掉就好了，最终找到答案就是名词、动词或代词。‎ 专题十八 完形填空之记叙文 ‎1.【2015·湖北】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty_31__left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was_32__. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers__33_money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a__34_for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He_35__as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.‎ ‎“You don’t know the __36_of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “_37__it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly__38__they have time to see, and you’ll__39_out and get your money,”Chad said.‎ It was a new _40__to Jason. He thought of his bird with no__41_and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was__42_that he would not tell a lie. Though he was _43__ a poor newsboy, he had been_44__ some good things.‎ The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers_45__. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a__46_smile that he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason__47_money because he would not tell a lie. The boy _48__at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder__49_.”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new__50_. He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.‎ ‎31.A.shops B.coins C.people D.papers ‎32.A.open B.heavy C.pure D.weak ‎33.A.instead of B.in return for C.regardless of D.in exchange for ‎34.A.cup B.card C.comb D.cake ‎35.A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up ‎36.A.difficulty B.process C.goal D.secret ‎37.A.And B.But C.For D.So ‎38.A.before B.since C.though D.unless ‎39.A.call B.drop C.sell D.reach ‎40.A.edition B.idea C.policy D.task ‎41.A.bread B.insects C.seeds D.water ‎42.A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined ‎43.A.still B.already C.just D.also ‎44.A.taught B.handed C.awarded D.allowed ‎45.A.at once B.by chance C.as usual D.on purpose ‎46.A.proud B.gentle C.warm D.polite ‎47.A.borrowed B.lost C.made D.saved ‎48.A.laughed B.shouted C.nodded D.started ‎49.A.bravely B.grateful C.fondly D.modestly ‎50.A.duty B.business C.job D.method - 171 -‎ ‎37.B考查连词。句意：“（事实上）报纸上根本就没有。”此处语义与上文转折，故用转折连词but。A项表示承接；B项表示转折；C项表示原因；D项表示结果。故选B项。‎ ‎38.A考查连词。句意：在他们有时间看之前，迅速跑掉。A项“在……之前”；B项“自从”；C项“尽管”；D项“除非”。故选A项。‎ ‎39.C考查动词。句意：你就会把报纸卖完，拿到钱。A项call out“大声叫喊”；B项“退学，退出”；C项sell out“卖完”；D项reach out“伸出（手）”。故选C项。‎ ‎40.B句意：这对Jason来说是个新主意。A项 “版本”；B项“主意，想法”；C项“政策”；D项“任务”。故选B项。‎ ‎41.C考查名词。根据上文“…he wanted to buy a _34_ for his mother and some seeds for his bird”可知，此处意为“没有鸟食”。A项 “面包”；B项“昆虫”；C项“鸟食”；D项“水”。故选C项。‎ ‎42.D考查形容词。句意：……, 但他坚决不会说谎。A项 “担心的”；B项“惊讶的”；C项“激动的，兴奋的”；D项“坚定的，坚决的”。故选D项。‎ ‎43.C考查连词。句意：尽管他仅仅是个贫穷的卖报郎，他受过良好的教育。A项 “仍然”；B项“已经”；C项“仅仅”；D项“也”。故选C项。‎ ‎44.A考查动词。根据句意可知，他受过良好的教育。A项 “教授”；B项“上交”；C项“奖励”；D项“允许”。故选A项。‎ ‎45.C考查固定搭配。句意：第二天下午，Jason像往常一样去邮局取报纸。A项 “立即”；B项“偶然”；C项“像往常一样”；D项“故意地”。故选C项。‎ ‎46.A考查形容词。句意：好几个男孩都簇拥着Chad，他面带微笑，自豪地宣称：前一天他卖了72份报纸。A项 “自豪的”；B项“温和的”；C项“温暖的”；D项“有礼貌的”。故选A项。‎ ‎47.B考查动词。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A项 “借”；B项“失去（没挣到）”；C项“挣得”；D项“节省”。故选B项。‎ ‎48.A考查动词。句意：男孩们都对Jason嘲笑，“老弟，昨天你不愿撒谎？”。A项 “嘲笑”；B项“大叫，大嚷”；C项“点头”；D项“盯着看”。故选A项。‎ ‎49.C考查副词。句意：邮局里的一位绅士走上前来，喜爱地轻拍了Jason的肩膀。“你就是我在找的男孩。”A项 “勇敢地”；B项“感激地”；C项“喜爱地”；D项“谦虚地”。故选C项。‎ ‎50.C考查名词。根据下文可知，Jason获得了一份薪水丰厚的工作。A项 “责任，义务”；B项“生意”；C项“工作”；D项“方法”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】今年湖北高考英语完形填空总体难度有所下降，无生僻单词和复杂句子，考生容易读懂，但个别题目比较纠结,如33、35短语辨析。文章讲述的是一个小报童因诚实亏钱，后又因诚实获得好工作的跌宕起伏的故事。全文凸显人文气息，彰显树人价值导向。考生只要依据故事情节发展，结合上下文复现信息，就可以正确作答。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项 涂黑。‎ - 171 -‎ A Welcome Gift Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 37 filled the room and made them feel very happy.‎ The next morning, 38 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39 under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 40 people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41 and apologize for their playing.‎ ‎“Maybe we could go and 42 everyone in person.” his mother said.‎ ‎“What if we invited them to come here for a 43 instead? Dario asked.‎ They both loved the 44 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 45 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.‎ Finally, the day of the party 46 . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 47 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48 Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.‎ ‎“I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I 49 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”‎ Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 50 you an apology.” she said. “I didn’t 51 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.‎ ‎“You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.”She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 52 music.”‎ ‎“These songs are beautiful music.” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 53 to play them in the evening.”‎ ‎“And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to 54 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of 55 and made him feel that they were home at last.‎ ‎36.A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked ‎37.A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry ‎38.A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. instead ‎39.A. note B. poster C. bill D. report ‎40.A. proud B. rich C. lucky D. nice ‎41.A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience ‎42.A. blame B. instruct C. question D. visit ‎43.A. party B. concert C. show D. play ‎44.A. experience B. idea C. performance D. action ‎45.A. to B. with C. for D. from ‎46.A. continued B. arrived C. passed D. finished ‎47.A. order B. sell C. share D. advertise ‎48.A. treated B. presented C. helped D. served ‎49. A. promised B. admitted C. agreed D. worried ‎50. A. give B. send C. offer D. owe ‎51. A. realize B. remember C. understand D. accept ‎52. A. sweet B. strange C. funny D. loud ‎53. A. brave B. sorry C. happy D. afraid ‎54. A. changing B. practicing C. recording D. writing ‎55. A. equality B. freedom C. warmth D. sympathy ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了一对母子搬入新家，非常高兴，在深夜弹起钢琴庆祝，却打扰了周围邻居。邻居留言抱怨投诉，母子积极回应，为邻居们办了一场派对来缓和邻里关系，并得到邻居们的谅解。‎ ‎36．A 考查动词辨析。A. sit坐；B. stand站立；C. lay躺在；D. walk散步。根据后文内容在钢琴旁边弹琴的环节，可知应该是坐在钢琴旁边弹奏，故选A。‎ ‎37. C 考查名词辨析。A. voice声音；B. ring铃声；C. music音乐；D. cry哭声。考查前文细节jazzmusic - 171 -‎ 的原词复现，是音乐充满了房间。故选C。‎ ‎38. B 考查副词辨析。A. therefore因此，所以；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. instead代替。通过上一段的欢乐幸福气氛和下文的幸福一下子disappeared的强烈对比可知，本处需要一个逻辑关系为转折的副词，故选B。‎ ‎39. A 考查名词辨析。A. note笔记；B. poster海报；C. bill账单；D. report报告。本题是一道同义词复现题，通过文章倒数第5段处得知，是由Mrs.Gilbert留了一张字条，故选A。‎ ‎40. D 考查形容词辨析。A. proud骄傲的，自豪的；B. rich富裕的；C. lucky幸运的；D. nice美好的，愉快的。主人公想向管理员咨询，哪一位邻居可能是那位留言的抱怨者，由转折词But可知管理者也并不能指出，由此可知大家通常都是通情达理的，故选D。‎ ‎41. A 考查名词辨析。A. neighbors邻居们；B. friends朋友们；C. relatives亲属，亲戚；D. audiences听众。此题线索明显，全文都是围绕主人公和周围邻居展开的，故选A。‎ ‎42. D 考查动词辨析。A. blame归咎于，指责；B. instruct通知，命令；C. question询问，质问；D. visit参观，拜访。由上文可知，母子两人对于扰民之事十分抱歉，想要去道歉，因此“指责”、“指导”和“质问”都不符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎43. A 考查名词辨析。A. party聚会；B. concert音乐会；C. show展览；D.play游戏，比赛。此题为线索题且为原词复现，由后文可知母子为解决此事办了一场派对，并邀请了邻居们，故选A。‎ ‎44. B 考查名词辨析。A. experience经历，经验；B. idea主意；C. performance表演；D. action行为。此题可排除得知，母子打算办派对，这是一个打算，一个主意，而不是经历、表演表现或行为。故选B。‎ ‎45. C 考查介词辨析。A. to到；B. with伴随着；for为了；D. from来自。‎ 母子办派对，准备了甜点是为了招待客人们，介词for有表“为了”的含义，故选C。‎ ‎46.B 考查动词辨析。A. continue继续；B. arrive到达；C. pass通过；D. finish完成。根据上文，他们举办了一次聚会，准备许久，这一天终于到来了，故选B。‎ ‎47.C 考查动词辨析。A. order命令，点菜；B. sell买；C. share分享；D. advertise做广告。根据本句话的意思：甚至有人带了甜点来分享，故选C。‎ ‎48. B 考查动词辨析。A. treat招待，治疗；B. present呈现；C. help帮助；D. serve为……服务。这道题有难度，根据本句话的意思：Mrs.Gilbert送给了Dario的妈妈一本音乐书，能表达出“送”这个动作的，就是present“呈现…，给…”，故选B。‎ ‎49. D 考查动词辨析。A. promise承诺；B. admit许可进入；C. agree同意；D. serve服务。根据题意，Mrs.Gilbert之所以留了一张抱怨小纸条是担心每天晚上都会这么吵，故选D。‎ ‎50. D 考查动词辨析。A. give给；B. send发送；C. offer提供；D. owe感激，欠……债。这个空可以看作是固定搭配，owe sb. an apology 应该向某人道歉。故选D。‎ ‎51. A 考查动词辨析。A. realize意识到；B. remember记起；C. understand 理解，懂的；D. accept 接受。Dario的妈妈道歉说：我也没意识到当时那么晚了我们还在弹钢琴。应该选择“意识到”这个动词，故选A。‎ ‎52. D 考查形容词辨析。A. sweet甜的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. funny滑稽的；D. loud 声音大的，吵闹的。根据上一句：I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.说明Mrs. Gilbert 不喜欢那么吵的音乐，因此她送了Dario的妈妈一本比较安静的音乐书，也就是不那么吵的音乐(not such loud music)。故选D。‎ ‎53. C 考查形容词辨析。A. brave勇敢的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. happy快乐的；D. afraid害怕的。通过上文：These songs are beautiful music, 说明Dario的妈妈很喜欢这些音乐，所以we will be happy to play them。故选C。‎ ‎54. B 考查动词辨析。A. change变化；B. practice 练习，实践；C. record记录；D. write写作。根据题意，应该是练习音乐，故选B。 学优高考网 ‎55．C 考查名词辨析。A. quality品质；B. freedom自由；C. warmth温暖；D. sympathy同情心。看本句话后半部分：and made him feel that they were home at last. 如在家中一样，那就应该感受到了温暖，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】故事类阅读 ‎【名师点睛】文章讲述了“由于弹钢琴打扰邻居休息，作者邀请邻居到家里聚会并道歉，进而得到了邻居的谅解”。文章脉络清晰难度适中，场景也并不陌生。考生只要真正读懂文章，并牢牢把握上下索可。题目考查数量为动词9题，名词6题，形容词3题，副词1题，介词1题。考生在答题时，名词类题目需重点关注复现及上下文对应，动词题需关注动作的先后顺序及与其他词性的搭配，形容词与副词题即需要关注对应的感情色彩，所以做好完形填空需要注重细节问题。‎ ‎3.【2015·江苏】完形填空 (共 20 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 20 分)‎ - 171 -‎ ‎ 请阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?‎ I’m an ambitious 40, and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though I’m a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day, while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was47 a published author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.‎ We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”‎ ‎36. A. tastes B. ideas C. notes D. memories ‎37. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange ‎38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact ‎39. A. learn from B. go over C. get through D. refer to ‎40. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor ‎41. A. positive B. agreeable C. humorous D. honest ‎42. A. mood B. position C. state D. way ‎43. A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment ‎44. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered ‎45. A. while B. because C. although D. providing ‎46. A. came out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out ‎47. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefully D. actually ‎48. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying ‎49. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited ‎50. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher ‎51. A. sign B. smile C. mark D. mask ‎52. A. showed up B. set off C. fell down D. passed away ‎53. A. since B. but C. so D. for ‎54. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunity D. inspiration ‎55. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友。在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔。‎ ‎36.B考查名词。根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。A项“口味”；B项“观点”；C项“笔记”；D项“记忆”。故选B项。‎ ‎37.A考查形容词。根据上文中“unconventional（非传统的）”和“unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异。A项“令人惊异的”；B项“令人震惊的”；C项“有趣的”；D项“奇怪的”。故选A项。‎ ‎38.D考查名词。have an impact on为固定搭配，意为“对…有影响”。A项“打击”；B项“推，逼迫”；C项“挑战”；D项“影响”。故选D项。‎ ‎39.C考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。A项“从……中获取经验，汲取教训”；B项“复习，仔细检查”；C项“渡过难关”；D项“提到，涉及，参考”。故选C项。‎ ‎40.B考查名词。根据下文中“…, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A项“读者”；B项“作家”；C项“编辑”；D项“医生”。故选B项。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎41.A考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，且与上文positivity呼应。 A项“积极的”；B项“称心如意的”；C项“幽默的”；D项“诚实的”。故选A项。‎ ‎42.A考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做事”。A项“心情”；B项“位置，职位”；C项“状态”；D项“方式”。故选A项。‎ ‎43.D考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。A项“建议”；B项“提及，参考”；C项“保护”；D项“治疗”。故选D项。‎ ‎44.C考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A项 “认为”；B项“知道，了解”；C项 “（无意中）注意到”；D项 “想知道”。故选C项。‎ ‎45.B考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书。A项表示时间或轻微转折；B项表示原因；C项表示让步；D项表示条件。故选B项。‎ ‎46.D考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A项 “出现，出版”；B项“锻炼，解决，制定”；C项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D项“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是……，结果证明……”故选D项。‎ ‎47.D考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。A项 “自然地”；B项“仅仅”；C项“有希望地”；D项“事实上”。故选D项。‎ ‎48.C考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A项 decide on“决定，确定”；B项invest on“投资，花时间在……上”；C项work on“从事，忙于”；D项rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。‎ ‎49.A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A项 “成为”；B项“帮助”；C项“错过”；D项“拜访”。故选A项。‎ ‎50.C考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的粉丝。A项 “病人”；B项“操作员，接线员”；C项“粉丝”；D项“出版商”。故选C项。‎ ‎51.B考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A项 “标志，迹象，征兆”；B项“微笑”；C项“标记”；D项“面罩”。故选B项。‎ ‎52.D考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A项 “出现，露面”；B项“出发，动身”；C项“跌倒”；D项“去世（死的委婉表达）”。故选D项。‎ ‎53.B考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因。故选B项。‎ ‎54.D考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。A项 “指导”；B项“信任”；C项“机会”；D项“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。‎ ‎55.C考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。”A项 “承诺”；B项“郑重发誓”；C项think to oneself “自言自语”；D项“回答”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】今年江苏高考英语完型填空难度有所降低，且篇幅也有减少，主要考查学生对语篇的全面理解。要求学生能做到“身临其境，感同身受”准确把握作者写作意图，同时“瞻前顾后，左顾右盼”，充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系，仔细推敲，最后还原整体和细节。考查的知识点包括：动词及动词短语辨析7道，名词辨析8道，形容词副词3道，连词2道。可见，名词和动词两大类是绝对主角，而弱化了形容词副词的考查。‎ ‎4.【2015·陕西】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。‎ ‎ Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his 26 and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?”‎ ‎ I was 27 to do it. At age five , this dull task brought me such 28 . I would excitedly turn the tap 29 and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would 30 affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.‎ ‎ Two years later, Dad started his own 31 , which wasn’t doing so well. That was when things started to 32 . Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became 33 with him for placing our family in trouble. With 34 , an uncomfortable silence grew between us.‎ ‎ After my graduation, Dad’s business was getting back on track. On my 28th birthday, Dad came home 35 . As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said ,“Hey, would you help me 36 my comb?” I looked at him a while, then 37 the comb and headed to the sink.‎ ‎ It hit me then: why, as a child, 38 Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine(习惯) meant Dad was home early to 39 the evening with Mum and me. It 40 a happy and loving family.‎ ‎ I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 41 placed his comb on his wallet. But this - 171 -‎ ‎ time , I noticed something 42 . Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, 43 his smile was still as 44 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 45 for his family.‎ ‎26. A. bag B. wallet C. comb D. brush ‎27. A. annoyed B. relieved C. ashamed D. pleased ‎28. A. joy B. sadness C. courage D. pain ‎ ‎29. A. out B. over C. in D. on ‎ ‎30. A. stare B. smile C. shout D. laugh ‎31. A. family B. business C. task D. journey ‎ ‎32. A. progress B. change C. improve D. form ‎33. A.satisfied B. delighted C. mad D. strict ‎ ‎34. A. time B. patience C. speed D. ease ‎35. A. occasionally B. early C. frequently D. rarely ‎36. A. sharply B. repair C. clean D. keep ‎37. A. dropped B. took C. handed D. threw ‎38. A. watching B. letting C. helping D. hearing ‎ ‎39. A. find B. lose C. waste D. spend ‎ ‎40. A. affected B. broke C. meant D. supported ‎ ‎41. A. firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully ‎42. A. different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent ‎43. A. for B. or C. so D. yet ‎ ‎44. A. convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent ‎45. A. origin B. life C. reputation D. education ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍作者小时候帮爸爸清理梳子，虽然枯燥，但是她很高兴这样做。经过一些变迁，作者领悟到自己喜欢这样做，是希望爸爸早些回来陪伴家人。爸爸也希望家人过得幸福。‎ ‎26．C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．bag包；B．wallet钱包；C．comb梳子；D．brush刷子。根据第一句中的“Dad had a green comb”可知答案选C。‎ ‎27．D　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．annoyed生气的；B．relieved轻松的；C．ashamed羞愧的； D．pleased高兴的。根据下文的：I would excitedly turn the tap…。因此可以看出作者很高兴这么做，选D。‎ ‎28．A　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．joy快乐；B．sadness悲伤；C．courage勇气；D．pain痛苦。根据下文的：I would excitedly turn the tap…。因此可以看出这个枯燥的任务给我带来了这样的快乐。故选A。‎ ‎29．D　考查短语以及对语境的理解。A．turn out结果是；B．turn over翻转；C．turn in上交；D．turn on打开。因为是清理梳子，可知是打开水龙头。选D。‎ ‎30．B　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．share分享；B．smile微笑；C．shout叫喊；D．laugh笑。上文介绍作者高兴地接受爸爸的任务，将梳子清理干净，爸爸当然会笑了。故选B。‎ ‎31．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．family家庭；B．business商业；C．task任务； D．journey旅程。根据下文的句子Dad’s business was getting back on track,可知这里是说爸爸自己创业。故选B。‎ ‎32．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．progress进步；B．change改变；C．improve提高；D．form形式。根据下文的：Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to,可知事情发生了变化。选B。‎ ‎33．C　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．satisfied满意的；B．delighted高兴的；C．mad疯狂的，生气的； D．strict严格的。建议：我和我妈妈因为他使家庭陷入困境对他生气。选C。‎ ‎34．A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．time时间；B．patience耐心；C．speed速度； D．ease轻松。随着时间的过去，一种不舒服的沉默在我们之间滋长。选A。‎ ‎35．B　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A．occasionally偶然地；B．early早地；C．frequently频繁地；D．rarely罕见地。根据下文的：Dad was home early可知在作者过生日的时候，爸爸早早回来了。选B。‎ ‎36．C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．sharpen削尖；B．repair修理；C．clean打扫；D．keep保持。根据上文的：help Daddy clean it，可知爸爸这次又让作者帮他清理梳子。选C。‎ ‎37．B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．drop扔掉，掉落；B．take拿；C．hand递；D．throw扔掉。作者看了爸爸一会，拿上梳子，走向水池，选B。‎ ‎38． C 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A．watch观看；B．let让；C．help帮助；D．hear听见。根据上文的：help Daddy clean it，可知作者小时候经常帮助爸爸清理梳子。选C。‎ ‎39．D　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．find发现；B．lose失去；C．waste浪费； D．spend - 171 -‎ 度过。我小时候很高兴帮爸爸清理梳子，因为这意味着爸爸可以早早回来和妈妈和我一起度过夜晚，故选D。‎ ‎40．C　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．affect影响；B．break破坏；C．mean意味着； D．support支持。根据上文内容可知爸爸早早回来陪我和妈妈这意味着一个幸福的家庭。选C。‎ ‎41．D　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A．firmly坚定地；B．hurriedly匆忙地；C．casually随意地；D．carefully仔细地。我将清理好的梳子递给爸爸，爸爸向我微笑，仔细地将它放进钱包。选D。‎ ‎42．A　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．different不同的；B．exciting令人兴奋的；C．interesting有趣的； D．urgent紧急的。根据下文的：Dad has aged.可知作者注意到不同的事情。选A。‎ ‎43．D　考查连词以及对语境的理解。A．for因为；B．or或者；C．so因此；D．yet然而。他微笑的时候眼睛周围有皱纹，然而他的微笑还是和以前一样暖心，所以选D。‎ ‎44．B　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．convincing令人幸福的；B．heartwarming暖心的；C．cautious谨慎的； D．innocent天真的。根据上文的句子：He would ___ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.可知爸爸看着女儿的微笑是温暖人心的，选B。‎ ‎45．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．origin起源；B．life生活；C．reputation名声；D．education教育。这是希望家人过幸福生活的爸爸的微笑。选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】人生百味类完形填空 ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章难度适中，故事内容体现了父女之间，家人之间爱的传递。学生要抓住这个主题，而且这个主题贯穿整个文章。这个文章一个明显的特点是上下文之间的联系非常紧密。做题时要牢记上下文的关联对解题会很有帮助。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 16 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. ‎ One agent 17 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 18 our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 19 .‎ We finally did and it was 20 at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 21 of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there.‎ Days later, we made a(n) 23 —far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t 24 us. They renewed their offer 25 . It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26 than the original asking price.‎ The next day, we got a 27 message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 28 directly. We made our final offer, which 29 was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 30 we had to try.‎ ‎ “Sold!” said the owner. Then he 31 : He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d 32 the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a 33 by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the 34 in the price “an early wedding present.”‎ That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are 35 they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met.‎ ‎16. A. needed B. limited C. enough D. large ‎17. A. recommended B. decorated C. sold D. rented ‎18. A. below B. within C. beyond D. between ‎19. A. at least B. at most C. at times D. at hand ‎20. A. relief B. concern C. love D. curiosity ‎21. A. pride B. happiness C. challenge D. desire ‎22. A. which B. why C. that D. what ‎23. A. effort B. offer C. promise D. profit ‎24. A. come across B. look after C. depend on D. laugh at ‎25. A. instead B. indeed C. aside D. apart ‎26. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher - 171 -‎ ‎27. A. relaxing B. disappointing C. pleasant D. regular ‎28. A. agents B. buyers C. managers D. owners ‎29. A. already B. still C. generally D. ever ‎ ‎30. A. so B. or C. for D. but ‎ ‎31.A. apologized B. complained C. criticized D. explained ‎32. A. check B. analyze C. appreciate D. ignore ‎33. A. loss B. risk C. chance D. lead ‎34. A. increase B. difference C. interest D. average ‎35. A. kind B. polite C. smart D. energetic 试题分析：文章大意：作者和未婚夫准备买房结婚，但是资金有限。一次作者对一个房子一见钟情，但价格仍然很高，但通过最后的努力，作者以很低的价格买到了此房。‎ ‎16．B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．needed需要的；B．limited有限的；C．enough足够的；D．large大的。根据下一句中的and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.”可知答案选B。‎ ‎17．A　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A．recommended推荐；B．decorated装修；C．sold卖； D．rented租。根据后句Although her description sounded wonderful可知一个代理人特别向我们推荐一栋房子。选A。‎ ‎18．C　考查介词以及对语境的理解。A．below在……下面；B．within在……里面；C．beyond超过；D．between在……之间。根据后句so we declined.可知价格超过了我们的范围。故选C。‎ ‎19．A　考查短语以及对语境的理解。A．at least至少；B．at most至多；C．at times有时；D．at hand在附近。但她不停的催促我们至少去看一看。选A。‎ ‎20．C　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．relief欣慰；B．concern关注；C．love爱；D．curiosity好奇。根据后句It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake.可知我们对此房一见钟情。故选C。‎ ‎21．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．pride 自豪；B．happiness快乐；C．challenge挑战； D．desire要求。我们感到温馨与快乐。故选B。学优高考网 ‎22．D　考查名词性从句以及对语境的理解。A．which哪一个；B．why为什么；C．that那个；D．what什么。宾语从句中be like缺少宾语，故用关系词what。选D。‎ ‎23．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．effort努力；B．offer提供；C．promise许诺； D．profit利润。根据后句—far below the asking price 可知是make an offer出价。选B。‎ ‎24．D　考查短语以及对语境的理解。A．come across偶然遇到；B．look after照顾；C．depend on依靠； D．laugh at嘲笑。令人惊讶的是，他们没有嘲笑我们。选D。‎ ‎25．A　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A．instead相反B．indeed的确；C．aside在……旁；D．apart分开地。相反地，他们更新了他们的出价。选A。‎ ‎26．C　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．worse更糟的；B．better更好的；C．less更少的；D．higher更高的。但比原来的要价要少得多。选C。‎ ‎27．B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A．relaxing轻松的；B．disappointing令人失望的；C．pleasant令人愉快的；D．regular有规律的。第二天，我们得到一个令人失望的消息。选B。‎ ‎28． D 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A．agents代理人；B．buyers买方；C．managers经理；D．owners物主。因此，我们决定直接跟房东谈。选D。‎ ‎29．B　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A．already已经；B．still任然；C．generally普遍地； D．ever曾经。我们做出最终的价格，任然比其他买家出价少很多。故选B。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。文章逻辑性较强，只要读懂文章大意，基本能选出正确答案。考生做此完形填空时，要充分理解文章大意，特别注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。极个别题目，如22题考查的是语法结构，考生要从语法结构上分析此题。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】A ‎ When Alice was sixteen, I was the one who wanted to run away from home. It was 16 to see the changes coming over her. She skipped school, and refused to communicate. I tried being firm, but it didn‘t 17. I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter.‎ ‎ One school day Alice returned home very late. With a quarrel in view. I was surprised to see Alice was 18.‎ ‎“I hope I did the right thing, Mom,”“Alice said. I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I 19 it to the vet’s(宠物医院), and was asked to make payment 20 . As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag(标牌), I had to pay the bill.”‎ ‎ In the following days, the owner still couldn’t be 21. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew 22: what if the family had simply left the cat behind?‎ ‎ A week went by. A woman called to speak to Alice.‎ ‎“She is at school,” I said.‎ ‎“You have a 23 daughter,” she said, apparently in tears.‎ ‎ Her family had just returned from abroad, and got a (n) 24 from the vet. Their cat was recovering, thanks to Alice’s 25. “We can’t wait to hug Cuddles again,” she sobbed.‎ ‎ Upon her return home, Alice was filled with 26 at the news. So was I. I learned through another woman’s eyes that my daughter was still a good person despite her 27 teenage years. Her warm heart would surely guide her in the right direction. ‎ ‎16. A. pleasant B. painful C. unwise D. inspiring ‎ ‎17. A. remain B. match C. appear D. work ‎18. A. annoyed B. amused C. worried D. interested ‎19. A. carried B. followed C. returned D. guided ‎20. A. monthly B. honestly C. generously D. immediately ‎21. A. trusted B. contacted C. persuaded D. satisfied ‎22. A. active B. rude C. anxious D. proud ‎23. A. pretty B. grateful C. wonderful D. curious ‎24. A. apology B. invitation C. message D. reply ‎25. A. suggestion B. donation C. encouragement D. help ‎26. A. love B. anger C. regret D. joy ‎27. A. troubled B. long C. boring D. quiet ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述的是作者对于处于叛逆期的女儿很是头疼，通过女儿救助小猫的事看到虽然会有一些问题但女儿还是很好的。‎ ‎16.B 考查形容词辨析Apleasant B painful C unwise D inspiring 根据第一句话提到wanted to ran away form home可知看到女儿即将到来的变化是十分痛苦的，故选B项。‎ ‎17.D 考查动词辨析 A remain保持； B match匹配； C appear 出现；D work 工作；根据句意可知我一直很强硬但没有作用可知选D项。‎ ‎18.C 考查形容词辨析。A annoyed 恼怒的；B amused娱乐的； C worried 担心的；D interested 有兴趣的；根据下文提到I hope I did the right thing Mom可知是脸上写满了担心，故选C项。‎ ‎19.A 考查动词辨析。A carried携带； B followed 跟着；C returned返回； D guided指导；根据句意我把它送到宠物医院，立刻被要求缴费可知carry sb to some place带某人去某处，故选选A项。‎ ‎20.D 考查副词辨析。A monthly 按月；B honestly诚实地； C generously慷慨地； D immediately 立即；根据句意我把它送到宠物医院，立刻被要求缴费可知选D项。‎ ‎21.B 考查动词辨析。A trusted信任； B contacted联系； C persuaded 说服D satisfied 满意；句意：接下来的几天，主人仍然没有联系上。Be contracted 被联系上，故选B项。‎ ‎22.C 考查形容词辨析。A active 积极的话 B rude粗鲁的； C anxious焦虑的； D proud骄傲的；根据 - 171 -‎ Alice paid the vet to continue treatment 继续支付治疗费用可知我变得焦虑起来，故选C项。‎ ‎23.C 考查形容词辨析。A pretty漂亮的话； B grateful感激的； C wonderful 好的；D curious 好奇的；根据女儿所做的这些善良的举动可知你有个好女儿，故选C项。‎ ‎24.C 考查名词辨析。A apology道歉； B invitation 邀请赛 C message 信息；D reply回应；句意：他的家人刚从国外回来，得到宠物医院给的消息，可知选C项。‎ ‎25.D 考查名词辨析。A suggestion建议； B donation捐献物 C encouragement 鼓励的 D help 帮助某人根据猫痊愈了，是因为女儿的帮助，故选D项。‎ ‎26.D 考查名词辨析 A love 爱；B anger生气勃勃； C regret 后悔的 D joy ；高兴地；根据语境当爱丽丝回家时，听到猫痊愈并回家的消息肯定会很高兴，可知选D项。‎ ‎27.A 考查形容词辨析。A troubled有问题的； B long长的话 C boring令人厌烦的话 D quiet 安静的话句意：我也通过别人的眼睛看到女儿是个好人，尽管有让我担心的时候。根据第一段提到对于女儿成长的担忧，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】人生百味类短文 ‎【名师点睛】本文主要是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，即从语篇的角度综合测试阅读理解能力，词汇的掌握，以及讲法规则的运用。做题时，时刻从上下文考虑，不不应该只看到所添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在做题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意思以后再作答，不要急于一次做出全部的选项。‎ ‎7.【2015·福建】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it.‎ Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 38 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 39 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 40 person.‎ Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 41 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 45 It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly ( 刻薄) . She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well.‎ Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault-finding, 49 when we're honest, we can be sharply 50 of the world. I'm not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— 53 most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big 54 .‎ Train yourself to "bite your tongue" , and with a little 55, you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. ‎ ‎36.‎ A.‎ lonely B.‎ great C.‎ quiet D.‎ uneasy ‎37.‎ A.‎ received B.‎ answered C.‎ expected D.‎ rejected ‎38.‎ A.‎ threatened B.‎ interrupted C.‎ bothered I).‎ spoiled ‎39.‎ A.‎ anything B.‎ everything C.‎ something D.‎ nothing ‎40.‎ A.‎ caring B.‎ boring C.‎ interesting D.‎ surprising ‎41.‎ A.‎ attitude B.‎ plan C.‎ measure D.‎ explanation ‎42.‎ A.‎ urgent B.‎ unnecessary C.‎ certain D.‎ impossible ‎43.‎ A.‎ occasion B.‎ event C.‎ accident D.‎ adventure ‎44.‎ A.‎ memory B.‎ notice C.‎ evidence D.‎ choice ‎45.‎ A.‎ hear B.‎ contribute C.‎ express D.‎ admit ‎46.‎ A.‎ aware of B.‎ afraid of C.‎ curious about D.‎ confused about ‎47.‎ A.‎ discuss B.‎ realize C.‎ judge D.‎ settle ‎48.‎ A.‎ family B.‎ life C.‎ career D.‎ education - 171 -‎ ‎49.‎ A.‎ so B.‎ or C.‎ but D.‎ for ‎50.‎ A.‎ proud B.‎ sure C.‎ hopeful D.‎ critical ‎51.‎ A.‎ face B.‎ create C.‎ solve D.‎ ignore ‎52.‎ A.‎ rarer B.‎ better C.‎ stranger D.‎ worse ‎53.‎ A.‎ at least B.‎ at last C.‎ by far D.‎ so far ‎54.‎ A task B.‎ deal C.‎ result D.‎ duty ‎55.‎ A.‎ practice B.‎ speech C.‎ rest D pity ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，通过毒舌的女孩Kerry的经历让我们意识到学着放手，才能让自己的世界变得美好。‎ ‎36．B考查形容词辨析A.lonely孤独的；B.great伟大的；C.quiet安静的；D.uneasy不舒服的。直接上最简单的事情就是成为一个挑错者，然而，人生可以变得很伟大当你不忙忙于找错误。故选B ‎37．A考查动词辨析A.received接受；B.answered回答；C.expected期望；D.rejected排斥。几年以前，我收到一个来自17岁女孩kerry的信。故选A ‎38．C考查动词辨析A.threatened威胁；B.interrupted打扰；C.bothered麻烦；D.spoiled娇惯。这个叫做Kerry的女孩说自己是一个世界级的找错者，她总是被各种事情困扰着。故选C ‎39．D考查不定代词辨析A.anything任何事；B.everything每一件事；C.something某事；D.nothing没有事。人们总是做着那些惹她恼怒的事情，没有一件事是好的，故选D ‎40．B考查形容词辨析A.caring关心的；B.boring糟糕的；C.interesting有趣的；D.surprising令人惊奇的。 她具有高度的自我批评精神，她也会对自己的朋友挑毛病。她成为了一个非常糟糕的人。故选B ‎41．A考查名词辨析A.attitude态度；B.plan计划；C.measure措施；D.explanation解释。不幸的，一场恐怖的事故发生改变了她的态度。故选A ‎42．D考查形容词辨析A.urgent 经济的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.certain确定的；D.impossible不可能的。她最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重，让事情处理起来变得不可能的事情是，发生事故的前一天Kerry拜访了她的朋友…故选D ‎43．C考查名词辨析A.occasion场合；B.event事项；C.accident事故；D.adventure冒险。她最好的朋友在一场车祸中受伤很严重，让事情处理起来变得不可能的事情是，发生事故的前一天，Kerry拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光…故选C ‎44．D考查名词辨析A.memory记忆；B.notice注意；C.evidence证据；D.choice选择。发生事故的前一天，Kerry拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生活的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的…故选D ‎45．C考查动词辨析A.hear听；B.contribute贡献；C.express表达；D.admit承认、许可。发生事故的前一天，Kerry拜访了她的朋友，在这期间全程批评了她选择男朋友的眼光、她生活的方式、她与母亲联络时候的方式，还有各种其他她认为她需要表达的。故选C ‎46．A考查短语辨析A.aware of注意； B.afraid of担心；C.curious about对…好奇；D.confused about对…迷惑。直到他的朋友受了重伤，Kerry才注意到她挑毛病的习惯。故选A ‎47．C考查动词辨析A.discuss讨论；B.realize意识到；C.judge评价；D.settle解决。非常快的，她学会了珍惜生命而不是对每件事都很刻薄。‎ ‎48．B考查名词辨析A.family家庭；B.life生命；C.career事业；D.education教育。她能够将她的新智慧用在她生活的其他方面。故选B ‎49．C考查介词辨析A.so于是；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.for对于。可能我们中的大多数人都不会极端的的寻找错误，但是当我们诚实的面对的时候，我们可以尖锐的批判世界。故选C ‎50．D考查形容词辨析A.proud骄傲的；B.sure确定的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.critical批判的。可能我们中的大多数都不会极端的的寻找错误，但是当我们诚实的面对的时候，我们可以尖锐的批判这个世界。故选D ‎51．D考查动词辨析A.face面对；B.create创造；C.solve解决；D.ignore忽略。我并不是在建议你无视问题。故选D ‎52．B考查形容词比较级辨析A.rarer更稀罕的；B.better更好的；C.stranger更奇怪的；D.worse更坏的。我也不是在建议你假装事物比它们自身更好。故选B ‎53．A考查短语辨析A.at least至少；B.at last最后；C.by far到现在为止；D.so far迄今为止。至少在大多数时间里，你学着容忍事物的原态。故选A - 171 -‎ ‎54．B考查名词辨析A.task任务；B.deal处理、交易；C.result计划；D.duty责任。尤其是当这不是一个特别大的事情。故选B ‎55．A考查名词辨析A.practice实践；B.speech演讲；C.rest休息；D.pity遗憾。训练你自己忍着不说那些刻薄的话，小小的实践一下，你会变得很擅长放手。故选A ‎【考点定位】记叙文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查说记叙文阅读，要求学生有细节阅读的能力，熟悉掌握各类大纲中要求的词语和短语，并且能够结合已经有的单词以及上下文中给出的暗示判断和猜测空中应缺少词语的意思并且进行选择。同时在解题的时候也要保持着细心和镇定，不要因为空多就头晕眼花。‎ ‎８.【2015·新课标全国I】完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41___ my job. Family to Feed.”‎ At this store, a __42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44____ in the cold wind.‎ In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45___ something they thought our “friend” there would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47____. I thought about it. We were ___48__ on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes __49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51____ something they could do away with for the week.‎ When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with ___53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54____his family might need, he burst into tears.‎ This has been a wonderful ___55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56___! Things would have played out so __57____ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59___, it also gave my kids the __60____ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.‎ ‎41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished ‎42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show ‎43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call ‎44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily ‎45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick ‎46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover ‎47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card ‎48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose ‎49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging ‎50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just ‎51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected ‎52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes ‎53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp ‎54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever ‎55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure ‎56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help ‎57. A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly ‎58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money ‎59. A. fear B. love C. need D. memory ‎60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple ‎【答案】‎ ‎41. A42. C43. B44. A45. D46. C47. D48. B49. A50. D51. A52. C53. B54. B55. A56. D57. C58. D59. C60. B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了在周末作者带孩子们去超市，在路上看到一个需要帮助的人。在超市里作者和孩子买了许多东西给这个需要帮助的人。从此以后，作者和孩子帮助更多需要帮助的人。‎ ‎41．A考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. Lost失去；B. Changed 改变；C. Quit放弃； D. Finished完成。短语搭配lose one’s - 171 -‎ ‎ job失业。在路上，我们注意到一个男人握着一张纸，纸上写到：“失业，需要养家。” 答案选A。‎ ‎42．C　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A condition状况；B. place 地方；C. sight情景； D. show展示。在这家商店，像这样的场景并不寻常。选C。‎ ‎43．B　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. suggestion建议；B. comment评论；C. decision决定；D. call电话。make a comment on对……发表看法。我10岁的孩子注意到他，并评论说他的情况一定很糟糕。故选B。‎ ‎44．A　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. outside在外；B. proudly自豪地；C. by通过；D. angrily生气地。根据常识可知是站在外面，故用outside。选A。‎ ‎45．D　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. draw拉；B. say说；C. arrange安排；D. pick选择。在商店里，我要求每一个孩子挑选一些他们认为我们“朋友”可能会需要的东西。故选D。‎ ‎46．C　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. order命令；B. supply提供；C. appreciate感激；D. discover发现。孩子们挑选出这个“朋友”可能会喜欢并感激的礼物。故选C。‎ ‎47．D　考查动名词以及对语境的理解。A. dollar美元；B. job工作；C. hot meal热餐；D. gift card礼物卡。根据下文提示可知，我17岁的孩子建议给他一张礼物卡。选D。‎ ‎48．B　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. easy容易的；B. low低的；C. soft柔软的；D. loose松的。根据下句的意思可知“我们身上所带现金不多”，low意思“少，低”。选B。‎ ‎49．A　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. giving给予；B. saving节省；C. spending 花费；D. begging恳求。有的时候，给予是我们需要做些什么，而不是在于我们给予多少。选A。‎ ‎50．D　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. yet然而；B. even甚至；C. still任然；D. just刚刚。仅仅是我们需要做些什么。选D。‎ ‎51．A　考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. declared宣告；B. shared分享；C. ignored忽视；D. expected期望。这里指所有的孩子声明他们能够放弃自己所想要的东西。选A。‎ ‎52．C 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A . toys玩具；B. medicine药；C. food 食物；D. clothes衣服。根据上文的apples, sandwich and a bottle of juice可知是食物。选C。‎ ‎53． B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. sleepy瞌睡的；B. watery潮湿的；C. curious好奇的；D. sharp锋利的。带着潮湿的双眼感谢我们。选B。‎ ‎54．B　考查代词以及对语境的理解。A. whoever无论谁；B. whatever无论什么C. whichever无论哪一个；D. whenever无论什么时候。动词need缺少宾语，故用whatever。他可以使用这张礼品卡，无论他的家人需要什么。故选B。学优高考网 ‎55．A　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. experience经历；B. example例子；C. message信息；D. adventure冒险。这对我们家庭是一次极好的经历。选A。‎ ‎56．D　考查动词及短语以及对语境的理解。A. rely on依靠；B. respect尊敬；C. learn from从……学到；D. help帮助。多少天来，孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助的其他人。选D。‎ ‎57．C　考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. suddenly突然；B. vividly生动地；C. differently 不同地；D. perfectly完美地。事情变得得如此的不同。 选C。‎ ‎58．D　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. time时间；B. power权力；C. patience耐心；D. money金钱。我们真的不需要给更多的钱。所以选D。‎ ‎59．C　考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. fear害怕；B. love爱；C. need需要；D. memory记忆。in need在危难中。走出去不仅仅帮助在危难中的兄弟。选C。‎ ‎60．B　考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. strong强壮的；B. sweet甜的；C. strange奇怪的；D. simple简单的。也给予我孩子们帮助他人的甜蜜的滋味。选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。考查侧重对文章的理解，少量考查语法结构，如54题。有难度的有48题、51题和60题，需要联系上下文进一步理解，才能做出正确的判断。考生做题时需要理解文章大意，特别注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。最后再将所选好的答案带到原文当中，将整个文章再读一遍，才能保证答案的准确性。‎ 专题十九 完形填空之夹叙夹议 ‎１.【2015·浙江】完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)‎ 中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。‎ Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I’ve watched one friend after another land ‎ - 171 -‎ high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 22 , they seem to have it made.‎ On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Longtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations atrestaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.‎ The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 .‎ People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押贷款）to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, but it’s 37 to step off the track.‎ In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.‎ ‎21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well ‎22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations ‎23. A. last B. least C. second D. best ‎24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked ‎25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected ‎26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded ‎27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve ‎28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect ‎29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty ‎30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project ‎31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available ‎32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather ‎33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in ‎34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable ‎35.A. take of B. drop off C. put off D. pay off ‎36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining ‎37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal ‎38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver ‎39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions ‎40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：讲述作者大学毕业后在工作和生活体验中理解了成功的真正含义，指出“物质上的成功和享受并不代表精神的富足和幸福”这一价值趋向。‎ ‎21.D考查副词以及对语境的理解。 A. much意为许多，B. never意为绝不，C. seldom意为很少，D. well意为很好。根据前一句话“I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations,” 意为“我看到一个又一个朋友晋升，作为银行主管（高级管理人员），咨询机构，律师事务所和大公司，”，不能得出要表达现在都在职业生涯中过得很好。‎ ‎22.B 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. policies意为政策，B. standards意为标准，C. experiments意为实验，D. regulations意为规章制度。根据句意，以当前的标准来看，他们的确成功了。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎23.A 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. last意为最后的，B. least 意为最少的，C. second意为第二，D. best意为最好的。根据第21题不难得出生活好了，以后都不会去（这是最后一次去）这些廉价的酒吧了，也搬到好的地方住了。所以选A。‎ ‎24.B 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. cycled意为骑车或循环，B. moved意为搬家，C. slid 意为滑落，D. looked意为看。根据第21题不难得出生活好了，以后都不会去（这是最后一次去）这些廉价的酒吧了，也搬到好的地方住了。所以选A。‎ ‎25.C 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. shared意为分享，B. paid 意为支付，C. equaled意为等同，D. collected意为收集，They made reservations atrestaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent.句意是：生活好了，预订的房间里的酒价格等同于大学一个月的房租。‎ ‎26. C 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. advertise意为广告，B. witnessed意为目击，C. admitted 意为承认，D. demanded意为要求。“The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy.” 意为很多人承认，尽管他们很成功，但是很不开心。‎ ‎27. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. complain意为抱怨，B. dream意为梦想，C. hear 意为听到，D. approve意为证明。根据上一句的不开心，所以不难得出答案是抱怨。‎ ‎28. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. distribute意为分发，B. hate意为厌恶，C. applaud意为鼓掌，D. neglect意为忽略。根据上文的不开心和抱怨，不能得出答案是厌恶。‎ ‎29. D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. calm意为平静，B. guilty意为有罪的，C. warm意为温暖，D. empty意为空的，累的。根据前面的tired累不能得出答案。Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29。意为有些人不尊重他们工作的公司，说累。‎ ‎30. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. family意为家庭，B. government意为政府，C. lifestyle意为生活方式，D. project意为项目。前文提到很多都是生活，如学校生活，工作生活，结合语境不能得出答案是生活方式。‎ ‎31. A 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. accustomed意为习惯的，B. appointed意为指定的，C. unique意为独一无二的，D. available意为可利用的。“However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31. 意为“但是，不是全身心投入于工作，他们发现工作只是支持生活方式，而且慢慢他们已经对这种方式已经行习惯了。”‎ ‎32. A 考查连词以及对语境的理解。A. yet意为但是，表转折，B. also 意为也，表递进，C. instead 意为代替，D. rather意为相反。此句是长难句。意为：人们总是说走一种满意的道路，但是最后，离开现在的工作去做一些他们相信或者是一种可以和家人在一起的职务的想法最终都得出一个这样的结论：这是不可能的。根据句意，前后是转折的关系，所以选A。‎ ‎33. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. let out 意为发出，B. turn in意为上交，归还，C. give up 意为放弃，D. believe in意为相信。此句是长难句。意为：人们总是说走一种满意的道路，但是最后，离开现在的工作去做一些他们相信或者是一种可以和家人在一起的职务的想法最终都得出一个这样的结论：这是不可能的。‎ ‎39.D 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. disasters 意为灾难，B. motivations意为动机，C. campaigns意为战役，D. decisions意为决定。句意为当前的社会，人们趋向于用钱来衡量所有的事情，我们在很小的时候就知道，应该考虑我们决定decisions的经济代价。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎40.B 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. assessed意为评估，B. involved意为涉及，C. covered意为覆盖，D. reduced意为减少。Involved in 意为参与。句意为：那么，在追求钱高于意义的情况下，我们的参与的个人以及社会代价呢？‎ ‎【考点定位】夹叙夹议的一篇文章 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如21题和24题；26，27和28题；32，33和34题。这是一项综合运用的能力，有时候也需要结合常识，如35题。‎ ‎２.【2015·安徽】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because peopleare throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . ‎ Another cause is our42 of disposable (一次性的) products.As 43 people,we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem ‎37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products ‎38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful ‎42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy ‎44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends ‎45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away ‎50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences ‎51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of ‎55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的威胁。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧物，用新物品取而代之。包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。‎ ‎36. D 考查名词辨析。A答案；B原因；C项目；D问题。根据第二行“the world...”‎ - 171 -‎ 可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选D。‎ ‎37. B 考查名词辨析。A礼物；B垃圾；C债务；D产品。句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山，故选B。‎ ‎38. B 考查动词辨析。句意：A面对；B变得；C观察，庆祝；D改变。根据“first of all...”可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因，故选B。‎ ‎39. C 考查动词辨析。A躲藏；B控制；C代替；D撤退，收回。句意：与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更容易更换物品，故选C。‎ ‎40. A 考查短语辨析。A多亏；B至于；C除了；D不管。句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多，故选A。‎ ‎41. C 考查形容词辨析。A安全的；B滑稽的；C便宜的；D强有力的。根据“inexpensively”可知，成本降低的话，产品价格相对也会降低，故选C。‎ ‎42. A 考查名词辨析。A爱；B缺少；C阻止；D划分。句意：另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱，故选A。‎ ‎43. D 考查形容词辨析。A敏感的；B友好的；C勇敢的；D忙碌的。根据“we are aways looking for...”可知，人们总是在节省时间，说明人们很忙碌，故选D。‎ ‎44. A 考查名词辨析。A方法；B地方；C工作；D朋友。a way to do sth做某事的方法，是固定搭配，故选A。‎ ‎45. C 考查动词辨析。A捐赠；B收到；C生产；D保存。句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选C。‎ ‎46. D 考查动词辨析。A适应，改编；B返回；C回应；D做贡献。adapt to适应；return to返回，归还；respond to反应；contribute to为......做贡献，促成，有助于。句意：人们对新产品的欲望促成了这一问题，故选D。‎ ‎47. B 考查短语辨析。A厌倦；B沉迷于；C担心；D感到羞耻。根据“appetite”可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品，故选B。‎ ‎48. A 考查形容词比较级。A更新的；B更强壮的；C更高的；D更大的。句意：广告使人们相信新的更好，故选A。‎ ‎49. D 考查动词短语。A捡起，学会，车接；B支付；C抓住，坚持；D扔掉。句意：人们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方，故选D。‎ ‎50. D 考查名词辨析。A有点，有利条件；B目的；C功能，作用；D后果。根据下句可知，这里指的是乱扔垃圾的后果，故选D。‎ ‎51. C 考查动词辨析。A显示，展示；B记录；C减少；D测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选C。‎ ‎52. B 名词辨析。A技术；B环境；C消费者；D品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境，故选B。‎ ‎53. A 考查副词辨析。A然而；B要不然；C因此；D同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，故选A。‎ ‎54. D 考查介词辨析。A通过；B支持；C在......之后；D代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的财物，而不是扔掉它们，故选D。‎ ‎55. C 考查动词辨析。A花费，度过；B收集；C修理；D宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing...”可知答案，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇是一篇比较贴近生活的文章，讲的是一次性产品给环境造成的压力。文章还建议人们养成循环利用的习惯，一以此来减少垃圾的产生并减轻环境的压力。主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词的词义和辨析。做题时需要联系前后句和上下文进解题，还要注意固定搭配。‎ ‎３.【2015·湖南】Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be 36 , but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the 37 of my job as a music teacher, I thought -- teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was 38 inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: "Put your heads on the desks and close your 39 ! We are going on a journey."‎ ‎ 40 , the children fell silent. "Now what should I do?" I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I blindly 41 , put it in the machine and played it.‎ - 171 -‎ Obediently (顺从地), my class lay their heads on their desk, closed their eyes and 42 . When the music started, the room as filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 43 . When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our musical journey.‎ At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to 45 . The music allow me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the 46 and most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that 47 in the classroom could have.‎ ‎36 A. glad B. safe C. kind D. quiet ‎37.A. end B. aim C. rule D. plan ‎38.A. guessing B. shaking C. responding D. laughing ‎39.A. eyes B. mouths C. books D. doors ‎40.A. Punctually B. Importantly C. Amazingly D. Obviously ‎41.A. passed one on B. gave one back C. turned one in D. took one out ‎42.A. slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued ‎43.A. talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening ‎44.A. legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders ‎45.A. teach B. imagine C. play D. understand ‎46.A. unprepared B. unspoken C. unknown D. unforgotten ‎47.A. games B. music C. tears D. knowledge ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：本文讲述了作者一次上音乐课的经历来告诉读者音乐的力量在于它使人们能够相互理解 ‎36．D;考查形容词。根据第一段的开头：refused to settle for the start of the lesson.和第二段中的：the children fell silent!可知文章一开始作者试图开始上课但是教师太吵了。句意：我试了每一种方法让他们安静下来，但是只是徒劳无功。故选D ‎37．A;考查名词。根据后文的：I thought ——teaching was not for me.可知这是作者最后一次作为音乐老师上课。句意：这是我作为音乐老师最后一次上课，我觉得，教书不适合我。故选A。‎ ‎38．B;考查动词。根据前文的：My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.可知此时作者的内心是生气地激动着但是毫无办法，他试图让学生不去发现他此时的内心的情绪排山倒海的激动，用shaking来表达作者内心难以平息的怒火。故选B ‎39．A;考查名词。根据第三段开头：my class lay their heads on their desk, closed their eyes…可知此时作者叫他的学生学生将头放在桌子上然后闭上眼睛，故选A ‎40．C;考查副词。A. Punctually准时地，如期地 B. Importantly重要地C. Amazingly令人惊讶地 D. Obviously明显地；可知作者无意识地做法让学生迅速地安静了下来，所以在此用amazingly表示惊讶，故选C ‎41．D;考查动词词组。A. passed one on传了一个B. Gave one back给了一个… C. Turned one in 转了一个D. took one out拿出一个；句意：触及到我的那些CD收藏，我盲目地取出一张，把它放进机器里然后它放出了声音。故选D学优高考网 ‎42．C;考查动词。根据后文的：When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors.可知当作者将音乐放进机器里，学生们趴在自己的桌子上静静地等着音乐响起来，故选C ‎43．D;考查动词。老师在放音乐，当然学生们都在听，listening放在此较其他选项都比较合适。故选D ‎44．B;考查名词。Raise sb’s head(s)抬起头来。句意：当音乐放完的时候，我要求他们所有人慢慢地抬起头来，那样的话，我们就可以一起分享我们的音乐之旅。故选B ‎45．A;考查动词。根据前文：At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences,可知学生们从开始的不愿响应作者到最后跟着作者一起参与其中，这让作者开始知道怎么教书了，故选A ‎46．C;考查形容词。A. unprepared为准备好的 B. unspoken无言的 C. unknown未知的 D. unforegotten难忘的；根据前文有the knowing已知的，又有and连接，可知横向上填unknown未知的，构成像前文tears and smiles那样的对比，形成对仗，故选C ‎47．B;考查名词。根据前文：The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the unknown and, most of all, an understanding of each other.可知这些都是音乐的好处，它让我们知道了分享和尊重，泪水和欢笑，已知与未知，最主要的是它让我们相互了解。所以最后一句作者旨在总结：这就是课堂音乐所拥有的力量 - 171 -‎ ‎【考点定位】夹叙夹议的一篇文章 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方。也要注意根据上下文的逻辑关系推断出各个选项的正确答案，如36，37题和39题；42，43和45题。这是一项综合运用的能力，有时候也需要结合常识，如38题和40题；41题和43题。‎ ‎４.【2015·新课标全国II】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all 41 places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead. I had the 43 ‎ of seeing this first hand on a 44 .‎ My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did well this season and so 45 a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 47 trained. Through the first two games, her 48 did not get one serious shot on goal. As a parent, I 49 seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated.‎ It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday. When they 52 for their Sunday game, they were 53 different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had 54 the day before into their 55 . They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal.‎ It 57 me that playing against the other team was a great 58 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 59 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.‎ ‎41.A. public B. traditional C. official D. special ‎42.A. passes B. works C. lies D. ends ‎43. A. dream B. idea C. habit D. chance ‎44.A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square ‎45. A. won B. entered C. organized D. watched ‎46. A. painful B. strange C. common D. practical ‎47. A. less B. poorly C. newly D. better ‎48.A. fans B. tutors C. class D. team ‎49.A. imagined B. hated C. avoided D. missed ‎50. A. if B. or C. but D. as ‎51.A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. viewers ‎52. A. dressed B. showed up C. made up D. planned ‎53. A. slightly B. hardly C. basically D. completely ‎54.A. seen B. known C. heard D. read ‎55. A. styles B. training C. game D. rules ‎56. A. even B. still C. seldom D. again ‎57.A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned ‎58. A. touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning ‎59.A. Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest ‎60. A. harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文通过看女儿参加的一场足球锦标赛，给我们启发，学校里的学习很重要，但是亲身经历和实践是更好的学习和老师。‎ ‎41. B考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. public公众的；B. traditional传统的；C. official官方的；D. special特别的; 我们通常会在学校向老师或朋友学习。根据常识可知，这里提到的应该是传统教育方式。故选B。‎ ‎42. C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. passes传递；B. works起作用；C. lies在于； D. ends - 171 -‎ 结束。本句应该分析句子结构：the learning 后是定语从句you really want，所以这里所填的是做谓语的动词。真正想要的学习却不在上述的这些地方，在其他的地方。故选C。‎ ‎43. D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. dream梦想；B. idea想法；C. habit习惯；D. chance机会。根据下文的故事可知，我女儿的经历让我有机会看到了这样的学习。故选D。‎ ‎44. C考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. trip旅行；B. holiday假期；C. weekend周末；D. square广场。从下文的周六的比赛会很艰苦和It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday.可知，是周末发生的事。故选C。‎ ‎45. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. won赢；B. entered进入；C. organized组织；D. watched观看。从下文可知，女儿所在的足球队打得好所以进入了锦标赛。故选B。‎ ‎46. A考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. painful痛苦的；B. strange奇怪的；C. common普通的；D. practical 实用的。由语境可知，对手比作者女儿的队better trained，可以推断这将是一场痛苦的比赛。故选A。‎ ‎47. D考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. less少于；B. poorly差的；C. newly新的；D. better更好的。根据常识可知，进入锦标赛的一般都是训练更好的队伍。故选D。‎ ‎48. D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. fans粉丝；B. tutors教练；C. class班；D. team队。根据上下文可知，是女儿所在的足球队没进球得分。故选D。‎ ‎56. A考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. seldom很少；D. again又。她们和前一场比，打得有闯劲，甚至还得了一分。故选A。‎ ‎57. B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. confused使困惑；B. struck击打；C. reminded提醒； D. warned警告。It strike sb.是固定句式，意思是让某人突然想到，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎58. D考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. touching接触；B. thinking思考；C. encouraging鼓励；D. learning学习。和另一个队比赛也是一个很好的学习的机会。和文章的开头相呼应。故选B。‎ ‎59. A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. Experience经历；B. Independence独立；C. Curiosity好奇；D. Interest兴趣。结合全文的意思可知，经历是最好的老师。故选A。‎ ‎60. C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. harmful to对……有伤害；B. mixed with混合；C. different from不同；D. applied to应用于。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能不同，但是更有个性有意义。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】教育类短文阅读。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的短文。这样的短文是大多数考生难以把握的。不过，这样的文章通常在开头和结尾处点睛，评论。中间叙事。以第三人称的形式转述，一定会有个人的观点包括在内。所以考生要认真分析是什么事引发了怎样的思考或评论，即事件和议论是两条线。另外平时多做多分析一些这类题会有很大的帮助。‎ 专题二十 完形填空之议论文和说明文类 ‎1.【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.‎ Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!‎ When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.‎ People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.‎ On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.‎ As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.‎ ‎1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered ‎2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely ‎3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately ‎4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately ‎5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier ‎6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing ‎7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure ‎8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value ‎9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases ‎10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet ‎11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases ‎12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices ‎13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement ‎14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission ‎15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay - 171 -‎ 已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。‎ ‎7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。‎ ‎8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。‎ ‎9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。‎ ‎10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。‎ ‎11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。‎ ‎12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。‎ ‎13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。‎ ‎14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。‎ ‎15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会现象类短文。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。‎ ‎2.【2015·重庆】B Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（时差反应）.‎ Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31. ‎ For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.‎ ‎28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate ‎29. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to ‎30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear ‎31. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively ‎32. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping ‎33. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm ‎34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or ‎35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。‎ ‎28.B 考查名词辨析。A flight航班； B change变化； C demand要求； D climate气候；句意：慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B项。‎ ‎29.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer　from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于；look into调查；lead to 导致；根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A项。‎ ‎30.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性 B problem 问题在于 C waste浪费者 D fear恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B项。‎ ‎31.D 考查副词辨析。A briefly 简洁地址 B slowly慢慢地址 C suddenly 突然地址 D effectively有效地；句意：这有几种健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎32.C 考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员 B sending送到 C adjusting 调整结构 D stopping停止播送句意：比如，在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust　to 把。。调整到，，故选C项。‎ ‎33.A 考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒，故选A项。‎ ‎34.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while虽然如此 D or 否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or表示转折，故选D项。‎ ‎35.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈； C research 研究；D trend趋势；句意：这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】日常生活类短文 ‎【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手，根据常识能够得出答案如28，33空。29和31根据语境得出答案，做此类题目时，考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这样有的放矢，大大提高阅读的效率，不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读，文中的每句话都有其出现的意义，上下文的联系是十分重要的。‎ ‎3.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.‎ In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless - 171 -‎ ‎ number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.‎ Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.‎ First Impression To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.‎ As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.‎ The 60 Knows Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.‎ Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.‎ When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.‎ ‎51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise ‎52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial ‎53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle ‎54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created ‎55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions ‎56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions ‎57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall ‎58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature ‎59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question ‎60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand ‎61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior ‎62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted ‎63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals ‎64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess ‎65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：古代和现代的人追求不同，现代人追求的是爱，但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。‎ ‎51. A 考查副词以及对语境的理解 Instead 意为相反，Therefore意为因此， Moreover意为此外， Otherwise 意为否则。观察空格前后的句式结构，可以前面用的是you would not detect … ,后面用的是you would see ，使用的动词不同，结构相同。由于前面有not，后面没有，所以可知此处表达为意思相反，所以答案为A。‎ ‎52. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 romantic  意为浪漫的，stressful 意为压力的，central  意为中心的， artificial 意为人工的。根据上一句话“life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting”及本句的“In - 171 -‎ ‎ modern times, finding love is ”，分析语境，知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两者的关系是同根重现。‎ ‎53. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility  意为可能性，principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是：很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子，所以答案为proof. ‎ ‎54. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 tested 意为测试，imposed意为强加，changed  意为改变，created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。‎ ‎55. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 appearances 意为外表，virtues  意为美德，similarities意为相似，passions 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。‎ ‎56. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 illustrations 意为说明，implications 意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响，ingredients 意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Impression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。‎ ‎57. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解 predict 意为预测，investigate  意为调查，diagnose  意为诊断， recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after nine weeks, they reported what happened.9周之后，报道发生了什么事情？”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的事情，也就是预测到的东西。‎ ‎58. B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 critical 意为 批评的 ，initial 意为原始的  ，random  意为随意的， mature 意为成熟的。根据第57题预测的东西，那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的，最初的判断。‎ ‎59. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解 memorize 意为记忆，distinguish  意为区别，negotiate   意为谈判， question意为疑问。根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的”，该句要表达的意思和前一句相同，也就是说“学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人”。‎ ‎65. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 familiar  意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的， positive 意为积极的， irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive积极的。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58题和59题；要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。‎ - 171 -‎ 专题二十一 短文改错 ‎1.【2015·陕西】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线（），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”‎ My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎76.去掉in ‎77.anything 改为something ‎78.better改成best ‎79.decide改成decided ‎80.step 改为steps ‎81.well改成good ‎82.after改成when/while ‎83.a改为the ‎84.just后加to ‎85.enjoy改为enjoying ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查短文改错 ‎【名师点睛】这篇短文改错是记叙文，短文的内容和学生的日常生活有关。错误之处的设置都是平常学生容易错的地方。考查点比较全面，各种词性都考查到了，也涉及到一些语法知识的考查，如：非谓语动词，时态等。‎ ‎2.【2015·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（ʌ），并在其下面写出该加的词；‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ 1. 每句不超过两个错误；‎ 2. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一次；‎ - 171 -‎ 1. ‎3.只允许修改10出，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Hi, Janice,‎ It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time—wasting activity! In fact ,I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me ,would you talk to him?‎ Please help with me and give me some advice.‎ Grace ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.加上to ‎62. tell--told ‎63. friend--friends ‎64.sing--singing ‎65. many--much ‎66.so--but ‎67. How--What ‎68. are--were ‎69. him--them ‎70. 去掉with ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要通过一封求助信，写出了写信人的困扰。作者交了三个新朋友，经常一起去卡拉OK唱歌，但其实作者并不喜欢这样，他想知道自己该怎么做才不会失去这段友谊。‎ ‎61.加上to 考查动词want的用法，want用不定式担当状语，故加上to。句意为：我真地很想和你分享一下我经历的问题。‎ ‎62. tell—told 考查时态。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需要用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意为正如我上次告诉你的那样。‎ ‎63. friend—friends 考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。‎ ‎64.sing—singing 考查动名词担当宾语。本句考查句型spend…（in）doing sth结构，故把sing改成singing。‎ ‎65. many—much 考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意为：那真的花费很多。‎ ‎66.so--but考查连词。上一分句意为：我不想再去；下一分句意为：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。‎ ‎67. How—What 考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，表示事情，故用what而非how。注意首字母要大写。‎ ‎68. are—were 考查虚拟语气。根据句子可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不相符，故把are改成were。句意为：如果你是我,…。‎ ‎69. him—them 考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？‎ ‎70. 去掉with 考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意为：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查短文纠错 ‎【名师点睛】本篇文章考查学生的短文纠错能力。短文纠错能力考查的范围较广，如各类词类用法和各种语法知识。本篇文章中既考查了词类用法如：61、63、65、66、69、70题，也考查了学生的语法知识如：62、64、67、68，涉及多种语法知识。要求考生要通读全文，把握大意，还要逐读各句才能找出错误所在。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ 例如：‎ It was very nice to get your invitation to spent∧weekend with you. Luckily ‎ the I was completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m. ‎ am in Friday evening.‎ On My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ side-sides ‎ from-to ‎ sit-sitting ‎ easy-easily ‎ is-was ‎ them-it ‎ not 删除 ‎ in hurry- in a hurry ‎ felt-feel ‎ If-Although/Though ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇介绍教室的文章。‎ ‎ side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的three，此处应该使用复数形式 ‎ from-to考查介词搭配 make of与make from两者都常用在被动语态中,表示“某物由.构成的”. make of 的原材料是看的到的,即平常我们说的物理现象,比如The chair is made of wood.椅子是有木头做成的。而make from的原材料是看不到的,比如Paper is made from the trees. 纸张是由木材做成的.是一种化学变化,从纸上是看不出一棵树滴.‎ ‎ sit-sitting考查动名词 动词enjoy后接 ing形式。 ‎ ‎ easy-easily考查副词 此处的副词修饰动词see ‎ is-was考查动词的谓语时态 根据前后句的谓语时态都是使用过去的，所以这里面也需要用过去时态。‎ ‎ them-it考查代词 此处的it指代的是学校。‎ ‎ 删除not 考查意思是否表否定 该句的意思应该是表达肯定而不是否定所以要删除not ‎ in hurry- in a hurry考查冠词 in a hurry 意为“立刻”，也是一个固定搭配 ‎ felt-feel 考查使役动词的法。 Make sb do sth,是使役动词的用法。‎ ‎ If-Although/Though考查连词的用法 ，根据句意“尽管在我读书的时候我是一个小孩，但我不会忘记它”表达让步，而不是条件。而且翻译为如果意思上也不通。‎ ‎【考点定位】短文改错 - 171 -‎ ‎【名师点睛】这种题目对语法的要求很高，要求注意上下文的，以及单词的用法，以及特殊用法、固定搭配等。其实这一些错误很有可能是在写作中会出现，所以，加强写作的练习对于这一种题目，也是有帮助的。另外，这种题目也可以改编一下，成为语法填空的题目。‎ ‎4.【2015·新课标全国II】‎ 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。      增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；               2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71. parent改为parents ‎72. on改为in ‎73. very去掉 ‎74. looks改为looking ‎75. where改为that 或者去掉 where ‎76. begun改为began ‎77. telling改为told ‎78. a改为the ‎79. saw后加his ‎80. terrible改为terribly ‎【考点定位】语法填空。‎ ‎【名师点睛】通过短短的100多个词，使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配，如动词、名词、副词、代词和连词，辨别并改正错误。总的说来，本题都是学生平时书面表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在，也能对写作有帮助。‎ ‎5.【2015·新课标全国I】‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之问交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。‎ - 171 -‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out . We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so ,we’ll live to regret it .‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎76. think –thought ‎ ‎77. countryside前加the ‎78. or—and ‎79. on—with ‎ ‎80. been去掉 ‎81. seriously—serious ‎82. airs—air ‎ ‎83. much—many ‎ ‎84. found—find ‎85. your—our ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：作者是孩子的时候，梦想生活在城市。二作者现在生活在城市，却向往着家乡，因为那里更少的污染。‎ ‎76. think –thought句意：我认为生活在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示“过去认为”‎ ‎77. countryside前加the 句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里countryside是特指，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎78. or—and句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连词and。‎ ‎79. on—with句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着……的发展。‎ ‎80. been去掉句意：许多研究表明。语态用法错误。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。‎ ‎81. seriously—serious句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用形容词修饰。‎ ‎82. airs—air 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。‎ ‎83. much—many句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词animal为可数名词，故用many修饰。‎ ‎84. found—find句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。‎ ‎85. your—our句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。‎ ‎【考点定位】短文改错。‎ ‎【名师点睛】改错题整体难度适中，文章简单易懂。考点分布均匀，添、删、改比例为1:1:8。重点考查时态、名词的单复数、冠词、连词、副词以及介词的搭配等。考生解此类题型时一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。‎ 专题二十二 书面表达之文字提纲式 ‎1.【2015·新课标全国II】书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎86.假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们国重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 出发及返回时间；‎ ‎2. 活动：包饺子、表演节目等。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 结语已为你写好。‎ - 171 -‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours ‎ Li Hua ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎ Dear Lucy,‎ ‎ I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in our culture. We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours ‎ Li Hua ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了which引导的定语从句和句式spend time doing。此外，还有if从句以及一些短语如invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings等。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本作文从实际生活出发，以英语的交际性和实用性为目标，兼顾尊老敬老和做志愿者的教育意义。体现了课程标准要求的以知识运用为教学目标的要求。在高三备考时，应该多从把语言作为交流的工具的角度去准备书面表达。‎ ‎2.【2015·新课标全国I】‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：‎ 1. 栏目介绍；‎ 2. 稿件内容；‎ 3. 稿件长度：约400词；‎ 4. 交稿日期：6月28日前。‎ 注意：‎ 1. 词数100左右；‎ 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯的；‎ 3. 开头语已为你写好。‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Peter,‎ I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.‎ The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?‎ - 171 -‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours, Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息要求写一封给美国朋友彼得写信的约稿，为学校校英文报“外国文化”栏目刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的文章。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：首先，简单介绍校英文报栏目的情况。2、建议Peter介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活。3、稿件的要求及时间。写作时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态。就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。 4、注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.运用了过去分词作后置定语， And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.运用了宾语从句。此外，文章还使用了大量习语和短语，如be popular among, so long as, look forward to , hear from等。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来. 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和过渡词语，不仅增强了表达效果，而且实现了形式与内容的统一。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】‎ 假如你是红星中学高三李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封信，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加，邮件的内容包括：‎ ‎ 1. 介绍训练营的相关内容（例如；时间，地点，参加者等）；‎ ‎ 2. 说明你打算参加的原因；‎ ‎ 3. 询问对方的意向。‎ ‎ 注意： 1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎ 2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。‎ ‎ 提示词：龙舟训练营 Dragon Boat Training Camp Dear Jim,‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ Dear Jim,‎ I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I want to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you’d like to go with me.‎ This camp will open on July 20th, It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.‎ Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本篇文章重点是李华邀请英国朋友Jim参加龙舟训练营，属于典型的邀请信，只需按照邀请信的写作流程就可轻松写出。即发出邀请— 介绍活动(时间，地点，内容，参加原因)—期待和感谢。‎ ‎【亮点说明】‎ 本文结构紧凑，层次分明，运用了一些邀请信里常用的句型。如：I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday；I wonder if you’d like to go with me.‎ 文中注意使用了一般将来时、一般现在时等不同的时态来叙述不同的事情，对时态有较好的把握。‎ ‎【考点定位】应用文类书面表达 ‎【名师点睛】本题是一篇考的是邀请信，龙舟的一个艺术节，仍然是传统文化的主题。采分点主要是三个板块，第一个板块是相关细节的处理。因为在第一个要点当中写到，学生要自己设计时间、地点以及参赛人员，这使学生需要自行发挥得，编纂的时候要合理一些。第二个板块提到你的参加原因，原因必然是考官会关注的，为什么要参加龙州艺术界的活动。第三，他提到两个字，就是询问，希望学生在写作的时候尽量避开一些非常生硬的词汇。注意写邀请信常用句型：On behalf of…, I am writing to - 171 -‎ ‎ invite you to take part in the…；I’d like to be involved in…due to the fact that…；I am looking forward to your reply/ arrival/coming/ attendance等考生在应用文写作中一定要体现出交际功能，重视该文体的写作结构，除称呼与落款必须写齐全外，正文部分一般开头应道明写作目的，中间呈现具体细节，结尾处补充礼貌性话语。另外，应用文的语言结构忌过于复杂，用词忌过难过偏，少用倒装从句嵌套等长难句。语言与用词做到适用应用场合，准确到位即可。只要做到以上几点，应用文部分即可拿到一个不错的分数。‎ ‎4.【2015·广东】‎ 基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）‎ 你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇科技报道。‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ 请根据以下信息，介绍国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术。内容包括：‎ 技术名称：DNA检测 检测方法：唾液样本分析 检测费用：125英镑 检测时长：4到6周 检测用途： 1. 预测重大疾病 ‎2. 预知食物偏好 ‎3. 提示合适的锻炼方式 检测影响： 1. 增强健康意识 ‎2. 易引起过度焦虑 ‎*唾液样本：saliva sample ‎[写作要求]‎ 只能用5个句子表达全部内容；‎ ‎[评分标准]‎ 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。‎ ‎【答案】‎ 第一节DNA Detection We can use saliva sample to detect whether people have major illnesses, predict whether people are particular about food and remind people to take proper exercise. People should pay 125 pounds for it. It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. After detection we can realize we should strengthen our bodies. It may cause too many worries.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：对于基础写作用5个句子概括医疗新技术，要求必须用上所有的要点，不能遗漏。对于概括短文大意，要抓住要点。叙述自己的班级情况时：1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息。2.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态及一般将来时。 3.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如I will explain to them that studying hard is very important运用了宾语从句，以及Sally was a teacher.who taught some students full of problems.定语从句。副词Therefore的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题所给用5个句子概括医疗新技术的材料是学生不太熟悉的内容，所以要尽量使用学生熟悉的句式来写，还必须用5个句子表达所有的信息。此题主要考查阅读概括能力及语言的组织的能力。需要用一些高级句式及词汇来增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎5.【2015·陕西】‎ 书面表达（满分30分）‎ 假定你是李华。在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。‎ ‎ Volunteers Wanted Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15-17, 2015, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an - 171 -‎ ‎ application email at your earliest convenience to Ms.Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.‎ 写作要点：‎ ‎1.表示写信意图；‎ ‎2.陈述应征目的；‎ ‎3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。‎ 写作要求：‎ ‎1.邮件词数不少于100；‎ ‎2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3.可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯 ‎4.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ Dear MS Chen ,‎ I’mLi Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Looking forward to your reply. ‎ Yours truly,‎ Li Hua ‎【参考答案】‎ Dear MS Chen ,‎ I’m Li Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.‎ ‎ I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.‎ ‎ As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.‎ ‎ I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be gratefull if you could give me a kind consideration.‎ Looking forward to your reply. ‎ Yours truly,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示可知需要结合“英语文化节”的一则招募启事写一封应征邮件。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读招募启事，弄清招募职位所有信息和要求；2、根据写作要点从三个方面写应征邮件。写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。 4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.运用了so…that…句型，以及定语从句I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.。此外，文章还使用了大量短语，如apply for the position, as well as, in public, get along well with,,have such a good command of, lent a helping hand to, live up to等。插入语Besides，以及副词Successfully的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文 ‎【名师点睛】这篇作文类似于读写类作文。首先要读懂招募启事，抓住重要信息。再结合提纲写作。内容贴近学生的生活，学生有话讲。也富有实用性。对学生的交际能力也会有所帮助。‎ ‎6.【2015·四川】‎ 第三节 书面表达（共35分)‎ ‎71.假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发贴，.希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。‎ - 171 -‎ 1. ‎ 表达给她提供帮助的意愿；‎ 2. ‎ 说明你能胜任辅导的理由；‎ 3. ‎ 给出讲好普通话的两点建议；‎ 4. ‎ 提出你学习英语的具体需求。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称；‎ Hi Sharon,‎ This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarm__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ Hi Sharon,‎ This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am quite interested in it . I think I’m fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition ,I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident thatI can help you learn Mandarin.‎ Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well ,you should spend much time practicing Mandarin everyday. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese、see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.‎ In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I’m eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking. ‎ Hope for you early reply!‎ ‎ Yours Sincerely ‎ ‎ Li Xia ‎【亮点说明】本文要点齐全，结构完整。使用多种句式，如定语从句：I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.、表语从句：It is just what I want.等。还使用了大量短语等。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲类作文 ‎【名师点睛】书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来. 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎7.【2015·天津】‎ 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61. ‎ 假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。‎ ‎（1）自我介绍；‎ ‎ （2）拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；‎ - 171 -‎ ‎（3）询问对方的其他需求。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2）请适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：学生会 the Student Union ‎ Dear Chris, ‎ 此处不能答题 ‎ Li Jin ‎【参考答案】略 ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本篇书面要求写一封电子邮件。写作的时候要注意以下几点：一、动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。内容要点包括：1.自我介绍及写信目的；2.拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；3. 询问对方的其他需求； 4．告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。二、写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来. 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达。考生写完之后要检查是否有语法错误，看能否运用所学的知识将简单句变为复杂句，当然，没有把握的句子不要写。‎ ‎8.【2015·重庆】‎ 写作二（满分20分）‎ Bookcrossing. Com 是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享（wild release），即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享（controlled release），即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：‎ ‎· 表明写信目的 ‎· 选择一种分享方式 ‎· 简述作出该选择的理由 ‎· 希望了解更多信息 注意：（1）词数不少于80；‎ ‎（2）在答题卡上做答 ‎（3）书信格式及开头已给出（不计入总词数）‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books. ‎ You’ve introduced two ways to share books: wild release and controlled release. Of the two, the latter wins my favor. By the means of controlled release, I only need to deliver books to other participants, not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.‎ If you could provide more specific information, I would be well grateful. Looking forward to your reply.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来. 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。‎ ‎【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，不拖拉，使用短语：apply for申请；Looking forward to盼望着；Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.这句话运用learning做伴随状语，reason后面跟着一个同位语从句；not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.这个句子not only but also连接两个句子，第一个句子需要用部分倒装；‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题的解题思路，‎ - 171 -‎ 一、表明写信目的：申请参加该活动（添加得知消息）；二、选择一种分享方式：二者选一；三、阐述理由；四、书信结尾（添加希望）；注意表达句式1. Between them, I would like to choose…2. Of the two, I prefer the latter to the former.表示希望的表达句式1. I am looking forward to more information.2. I would appreciate it if you would offer more information.‎ 专题二十四 书面表达之开放式 ‎1.【2015·安徽】‎ 某英文杂志正在举办以"Fancy yourself as an interviewer"为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview" 为题，写一篇英语短文。 ‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎1. 采访的对象；‎ ‎2. 采访的原因；‎ ‎3. 想提的问题。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数120左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；‎ ‎4. 短文的标题已给出，不计人总词数。‎ A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview ‎ The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.‎ I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.‎ ‎ If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目是一篇命题材料作文。作文的写作要点已经给出，需要考生根据提示进行写作，作文必须涵盖所有要点，还要注意语篇的连贯性。注意使用高级词汇和定语从句、倒装、强调等重点语法知识。词数在120左右，标题不计入总词数。注意行文的连贯性，不能出现与本人有关的信息。‎ ‎【亮点说明】范文使用了一些重点句型：定语从句I would like to interview is Yang Liwei；原因状语从句because he is not only the first Chinese...；宾语从句①I could learn a great deal from him about it，②what made him an astronaut and how he was trained；条件状语从句If I could interview him；非限制性定语从句which must be very interesting等，显示了扎实的语法功底，也使作文的句式变得多样；‎ 范文还使用了一些固定搭配和固定短语：not only...but also...；one of the...；the first to do sth；be interested in；a great deal；such...as等，使作文的内容变得更加丰富；‎ 范文注意使用not only...but also, and, also和finally等来衔接句子，使范文显得语意连贯、衔接紧凑。‎ ‎【考点定位】命题类材料作文 ‎【名师点睛】题目给出了一个征文的通知，要求考生根据提示以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview”为题，写一篇英语短文。题目属于命题作文，不过，题目给出了写作的框架，一定程度上降低了难度。需要注意的是，所写的作文必须涵盖所有的要点，如果能够使用高级词汇和重要句型，将会给作文增色不少。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖南】‎ Section C (25 marks)‎ Directions:Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.‎ 请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给的句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。‎ ‎ As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.‎ - 171 -‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 将所有句子写在答题卡上；‎ ‎2. 续写词数不少于120个；‎ ‎3. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎【答案】‎ One possible version：‎ As_a_student,_I_can_tell_you_that_there_is_nothing_better_than_being_praised_by_my_teacher_before_my_classmates.‎ Yesterday afternoon, Li Ming and I went home together after school. Suddenly we saw an old lady knocked down by a car. The driver ran away in his car. Li Ming and I ran over to find that the old lady's head was bleeding. She had already lost consciousness. Immediately I took out my handkerchief and covered the wound with it. Li Ming stopped a taxi quickly. Together we put the old lady into the taxi and drove her to the nearest hospital. ‎ The old lady was saved and we also felt very pleased. What's more, I remembered the number of the car, and the traffic police caught the driver later.‎ ‎3.【2015·湖北】‎ 短文写作 请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，有英语写一篇短文。‎ ‎ Questioning is a bridge to learning. When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer,you will learn.‎ 注意：1.无须写标题；‎ ‎ 2.除诗歌外，文体不限；‎ ‎ 3.内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；‎ ‎ 4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎ 5.词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.‎ Two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.‎ From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇“提纲类开放式”作文，沿袭了近几年的高考模式，要求根据提示，并结合具体事例，完成一篇英语短文。考生写作之前必须认真审题，注意描述具体事例时要用过去时态，人称用第一人称，内容紧紧围绕所给的主题，最后要有总结，形成首尾呼应。‎ ‎【亮点说明】首句“Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.”鲜明地亮出了作者的观点。文章使用了状语从句“If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.”及分词做状语“Thinking that his solution might be - 171 -‎ ‎ wrong,…”等句型，为文章增色不少。此外，一些短语的使用也恰到好处，如offer sb. sth.，work sth. out，manage to do sth.，praise sb. for sth.，serve as等。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查“提纲类开放式”作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】今年的高考短文写作仍然沿袭了近几年的模式，考生对“提纲类开放式”作文比较熟悉。考生答题时，先提取关键词question，doubt，learn来确定中心，确保不走题。通过英文提示，考生很容易得出这一观点：质疑既是求知的一种方式，也是“批判性思维”的起点。这对引导考生进行独立思考，发展批判性思维，培养创新意识，极具启发和指导作用。‎ ‎4.【2015·江苏】‎ ‎ 书面表达 (满分 25 分)‎ ‎81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;‎ ‎2. 结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;‎ ‎3. 根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。‎ ‎ [写作要求]‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句; ‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎[评分标准]‎ 内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。‎ ‎【答案】‎ The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.‎ Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’ s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.‎ In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. (150 words)‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：今年江苏高考英语采用了“材料类+图形+提纲类”形式，综合考查考生阅读材料，识图和写作能力，较往年有所创新，也增加了难度。材料分为三部分：第一部分讲述了一位老奶奶阻止车辆停放引发的争议。第二部分讲述了行人和自行车不遵守红绿灯，导致交通事故发生的现象。第三部分是图表和文字，‎ 反映近几年车辆的数量激增现象。要求第一段用30个单词概括材料内容；第二段分析导致交通问题的原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为谈谈启示（不少于两点）。‎ ‎【亮点说明】范文严格按照“三步走”的格局，第一段用短短26字（不含标点）概括了所给材料，得益于使用了“not only…but also…”这一经典句型；第二段分析了导致交通问题的原因，使用了“give rise to, large-scale construction of, the increasing number of, (be) vital to”等高级词汇，同时“what’s worse”衔接词的恰当使用使该段条理清晰。第三段句型多样，变换使用了“Without虚拟语气，it is…who…‎ - 171 -‎ 强调句型，it is one’s duty to do sth.”等句型，为文章增色不少。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查“说明文类材料+图形+提纲类”作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文类材料的概括方法：主题概括法 （段意合并法）。考生应抓住主题句（关键句），一般为文章第一段和各段第一句，然后进行段意合并，再用1-2个漂亮的句式整理成文；分析原因时，注意分条称述，并使用恰当的衔接词，但要避免落入俗套；谈论启示时注意句式的变换使用，避免句式的单一。另外，考生应尽可能多地使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色。‎ ‎5.【2015·广东】读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）‎ Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family! “ All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3… In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and require everyone to follow them.‎ Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual change in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。‎ ‎2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：‎ ‎(1) 你们班最突出的问题是什么？‎ ‎(2) 针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？‎ ‎(3)你认为班规会带来什么影响？‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ ‎1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。‎ ‎2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎[评分标准]‎ 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。‎ ‎【答案】‎ Sally was a teacher. who taught some students full of problems. The students didn’t follow the school rules. Therefore, she made the rules for them. Later they made great progress.‎ In our class ,some students don’t work hard and often fight with each other. I will tell them some stories about hard-working people.I will make a study plan to encourage them to study work. I put up some sayings on the walls to remind them to do so.I will explain to them that studying hard is very important. They aren’t allowed to fight at school.In this way, students have a good habit. Most of the students follow the school rules and study work. They will respect teachers and other classmates. They will have good manners and confidence. Later they will get better grades.‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如I will explain to them that studying hard is very important运用了宾语从句，以及Sally was a teacher.who taught some students full of problems.定语从句。副词Therefore的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查提纲作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题所给用5个句子概括医疗新技术的材料是学生不太熟悉的内容，所以要尽量使用学生熟悉的句式来写，还必须用5个句子表达所有的信息。此题主要考查阅读概括能力及语言的组织的能力。需要用一些高级句式及词汇来增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎6.【2015·浙江】‎ 书面表达（满分30分）‎ 在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different - 171 -‎ ‎ Opinion”为题，用英文写一篇100～120个词“短文。要求如下：‎ ‎1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；‎ ‎2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。‎ 注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。‎ When I Have a Different Opinion ‎【参考答案】‎ When I Have a Different Opinion ‎ We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it . By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.‎ ‎ Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer peace. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day . Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.‎ An alternative student version:‎ ‎ When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.‎ ‎ The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism; I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本篇书面表达陈述观点及理由。‎ 写作时注意以下几点：‎ ‎1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确从以上两种做法中选择一种，是坚持自己的观点并说服别人还是遵从大多数同学的意见。‎ ‎2、提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。‎ ‎3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。但是在以具体事例阐述的时候使用过去时 ‎4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如not only …but also…不仅而且。‎ 运用连词while 表对比观点。运用because 表达原因。‎ 运用了表语从句表达原因The main reason for my choice is that …。‎ 运用了宾语从句 decide whether do have a … ；discuss where to go for an outing ‎ 运用了介词短语 By doing so, Without hesitation. ‎ 运用了强调句 we did have a lots of fun that day. ‎ 此外，文章还使用了大量习语和短语，如be worth doing sth; stick to sth.; have a good time; have lots of fun , tend to do 等。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查观点理由。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ - 171 -‎ 一篇好的文章除了书写工整，还需要条理清晰以及充分利用各种句式和语法表达。可以适当地记忆一些表达的模，板比如说总结，开头和结尾。‎ ‎7.【2015·重庆】‎ 写作一（满分15分）‎ 请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。‎ If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?‎ 要求：‎ ‎（1）作出回答并说出理由；‎ ‎（2）词数不少于60；‎ ‎（3）在答题卡上做答。‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals. As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. If only I could go back and reset my goals.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于考查开放性作文写作，给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，使用了多种句式和结构。比如I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.宾语从句；Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward.这个句子还运用到非谓语动词；If only I could go back and reset my goals.还运用到虚拟语气。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查开放性作文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这种开放性的作文，采取表明观点+阐释理由+结尾总结的解题思路，一、建议句式：主要考虑从虚拟语气着手 ‎1. 宾语从句 I suggest/ advise that…I should…‎ ‎2. 主语从句 It’s strongly recommended that…‎ ‎3. 条件状语从句 If I were three years younger, I would…‎ 二、原因句式：建议陈述两个原因，用并列结构not only, but…as well连接 ‎1. The reason why… is that…‎ ‎2. Why I say so is that…‎ 三、结尾部分：表达对“回不到过去”的惋惜 How I wish I could be three years younger!‎ - 171 -‎