高考英语解析上海卷

高考英语解析上海卷

‎2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【上海卷】‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. answer that best completes the ‎25. — I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good idea?‎ ‎— How about the Moon Lake? It is ______ easy reach of the city.‎ A. by B. beyond C. within D. from ‎25. 答案：C 解析：本题四个选项都为常见介词，A. by表“通过；经由；在附近；在……之前”；B. beyond表“超过；在……的那一边”；C. within表“在……之内”；D. from表“来自；从……起”。由题干中的关键信息a nearby place可知，要推荐离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词within easy reach of意思是“在…附近，距离…不远”，所以为正确选项。本题句意为：“——我在寻找附近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗？——月亮湖怎么样？离城市不远的”。‎ ‎26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ______ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.‎ A. theirs B. them c themselves D. oneself ‎26. 答案：C 解析：本题四个选项为常见代词。A. theirs为名词性物主代词，相当于their+名词，意为“他们的……”；B. them是人称代词they的宾格，意为“他们”；C. themselves为反身代词，意为“他们自己”；D. oneself为反身代词，意为“自己；自身”。本题题意为：“那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受”。句中的those和other people为关键信息词，既然要顾及他人感受，自然要时刻提醒自己，而those的反身代词为“他们自己”，即themselves。‎ ‎27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ______ his key at school.‎ A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left ‎27. 答案：A 解析：题干意思是：鲍伯打电话给他的妈妈说他不能进房子，因为他把钥匙忘在学校了。本句中的called标明动作发生在过去，而在电话之前忘记拿钥匙，所以应用had left表示过去的过去的动作。‎ ‎28. It’s a ______ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.‎ A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D. charming small French ‎28. 答案：D 解析：题干的意思是：“这是一个迷人的法国小时钟，由黄铜做成，可以追溯到十九世纪”。选项中是三个形容词的不同排序。当名词中心词带有两个或两个以上形容词作前置修饰语时，顺序往往与汉语不同。可记住这句口诀：县官行令杀国才（“县”——限定词，“官”——表人们观点的词，“行”——表大小、长短、高低、形状的词，“令”——表年龄、新旧的词，“杀”即“色”——表颜色的词，“国”——国籍、出处，“才”——材料）。根据口诀顺序，选项中的三个形容词，charming是主观评价即观点，small是大小，而French是产地即出处，因此判断D为正确选项。‎ ‎29. The school board is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs.‎ A. had been elected B. had elected C. have been elected D. have elected ‎29. 答案：C 解析：题干的意思是：“这个学校董事会是由已经当选，并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。‎ ‎30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.‎ A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty ‎30. 答案：C 解析：题干的意思是：“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。本题是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选B，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。‎ ‎31. The judge gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ______.‎ A. to be worried B. to worry C. having worried D. worried ‎31. 答案：D 解析：题干的意思是：“法官们没有暗示他们的想法，所以，我满怀担心的离开了房间”。本句中，需要一个形容词说明主语的状态，语法上叫做“主语补足语”。只有选项D. worried是形容词，可以修饰主语。其他三个选项都是非谓语动词的不同形式，都不对。‎ ‎32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______ society of real-life experience.‎ A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored ‎32. 答案：B 解析：题干的意思是：“学生们在盼望着有一个去探索社会，获得现实生活经验的机会”。本题中，动词不定式作opportunity的后置定语。可以直接记住搭配：have an opportunity to do sth.（有做……的机会）。‎ ‎33. I have no idea ______ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?‎ A. what B. why C. if D. which ‎33. 答案：B 解析：分析句子结构，______ the cellphone isn’t working解释说明了idea，是同位语从句。从句中，work是不及物动词，所以不缺少宾语，因此可以排除what和which。此外，if不可以引导同位语从句，从而排除。再结合题意：“我不知道为什么手机不工作了，你帮我修一下好吗？”可见why正确。‎ ‎34. Young people may risk ______ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎34. 答案：C 解析：题干的意思是：“年轻人如果每天都接触非常嘈杂的音乐，就可能有失聪的危险”。因为risk后用动名词做宾语，先排除A，B。D选项having gone完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，显然不对，只是有可能失聪，并未发生。‎ ‎35. Sophia got an e-mail ______ her credit card account number.‎ A. asking for B. ask for C. asked for D. having asked for ‎35. 答案：A 解析：题干的意思是：“索菲亚收到了一封向她索要信用卡账号的电子邮件”。分析句子结构，______ her credit card account number做后置定语，修饰an e-mail。ask for和an e-mail构成主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，相当于定语从句which asked for her credit card account number。‎ ‎36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ______ I am sitting.‎ A. before B. until C. unless D. where ‎36. 答案：D 解析：本题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词，A. before引导时间状语从句，“在……之前”；B. until引导时间状语从句，“直到……为止”；C. unless引导条件状语从句，“除非……，如果不……”；D. where引导地点状语从句，“在……的地方”。本题句意为：“我不能很清楚地听见教授所讲，因为在我坐的地方，有太多的噪音”。显然这里是指我所坐的地方太吵，导致我听不清。‎ ‎37. ______ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.‎ A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look ‎37. 答案：D 解析：题干的意思是：“看照片，插图和标题，你可以猜出这个阅读是关于什么”。题干中的关键信息词是并列连词and，本句中and连接两个并列成分。and后面是一个句子，所以与之并列的就一定是句子，只有D选项是动词原形，可以构成祈使句。其他选项都只是非谓语动词，不可以直接构成句子。‎ ‎38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another.‎ A. that B. where C. who D. what ‎38. 答案：A 解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，______ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。‎ ‎39. Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.‎ A. is B. are C. is there D. are there ‎39. 答案：A 解析：题干的意思是：“缺乏自然资源是人类所面临的危机之一”。根据介词短语不可以做主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。这是典型的“主系表”倒装为“表系主”，介词短语among the crises that face humans做表语。‎ ‎40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ______ they are wearing.‎ A. that B. what C. how D. which ‎40. 答案：B 解析：题干的意思是：“有些人太过在意外表，总是问穿着身上的衣服，自己是否看起来不错”。分析句子结构，_____ they are wearing是介词in后的宾语从句。根据三句话原则：what引导名词性从句（宾语从句），在从句中做wear的宾语，指代非人（穿的是衣服，自然不是人），判断选what。‎ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ A. restore B. recall C. processing D. previously E. necessary F. locating G. instead H. fascinating I. elsewhere J. composition As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the __41__ of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.‎ Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.‎ ‎41. J 42. H 43. B 44. E 45. F 46. I 47. D 48. G 49. C Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up their markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all?‎ According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved ‎ education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.‎ Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.‎ Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually. 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.‎ One thing is certain about Globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.‎ ‎50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D easy ‎51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population ‎52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D owing ‎53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase ‎54. A. doubt B. define C advocate D. ignore ‎55. A. In addition B. For instance C. in other words D. All in all ‎56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign ‎57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening ‎58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn ‎59. A. Furthermore B. therefore C. However D. Otherwise ‎60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise ‎61. A. trouble B. business C power D. mind ‎62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out ‎63. A. taking off B. getting alone C. holding out D. turning back ‎64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge Section A ‎[定文体抓主旨]本文是一篇议论文，先提出问题：全球化经济化到底有益吗？然后列出了两种相反的观点，最后总结。本文设题相当巧妙，基本上所有的空都是根据上下文联系才能找到答案，突出了语篇概念。‎ ‎[篇章结构]：‎ 段落 关键词 大意推测 第一部分（para.1）‎ opened up their markets Is economic globalization good for all?‎ 提出问题：开放市场；全国化对所有人有好处吗？‎ 第二部分（para.2--4）‎ supporters; reduce poverty; Critics take a different view 主体部分：支持者认为它可以减少贫穷；批评者持相反的观点 第三部分（para.5）‎ an interconnected world； create a kind of globalization 结论：这是一个互相联系的世界，全球化对所有人有利。‎ ‎50. 答案：C 解析：第一段是主旨段，由第二段句首的…has helped reduce…、第三段句首的…will benefit from…可知这是讲经济全球化的好处，结合第四段句首的Critics take a different view可知这讲弊端，最后一段照应首段，尤其末段的…for the benefit of all。由此可见这句句意：经济全球化对所有人有好处吗？‎ ‎51. 答案：B。‎ 解析：由后句的increased wealth可知本句说的是经济全球化增加了财富，也就是减少了贫穷现象。‎ ‎52. 答案：A 解析：句意为：它引用了一项研究，该研究显示了在24个发展中国家，由于将当地经济融合进世界经济中，增长的财富促进了教育的改进和寿命的延长。contribute to促进；导致。respond to对……作出回应；turn to求助于；owing to由于。‎ ‎53. 答案：D 解析：由前句所说的财富的增加，这里应该是收入的增长。‎ ‎54. 答案：C 解析：由本句中的will benefit from…可知这是说全国化经济的好处。句意为：赞成全球化的人说发展中国家的经济将受益于小型和本国企业得到的新机遇。‎ ‎55. 答案：B 解析：前句笼统说到home-based businesses，本句说到巴西的农民，可见这是举例论证前面的论点。考生记住：“主题句+支撑句”是英语议论文常规模式。‎ ‎56. 答案：C 解析：由本句中的now …worldwide可见这是进行了今昔对比，现在在全球市场内销售，那么过去只能在本地的露天市场。‎ ‎57. 答案：D 解析：由后句中的…the poor…have been left behind.可知贫富差距在扩大，故widen（扩大）合适。find找到；explore开发；bridge弥合。‎ ‎58. 答案：B 解析：本句是说只有一部分发展中国家实际上受益于融合进世界经济，根据后面的the poor, unskilled…可知这是对比。解题关键是抓住only一词。‎ ‎59. 答案：A 解析：前面说全球化会导致贫富差距扩大，然后又说全球化会威胁新出现的市场。可见这是一种递进关系。furthermore而且；therefore因此；however但是；otherwise否则。‎ ‎60. 答案：C 解析：本句是说受益于全球化经济的印度手工业者们本来会出口产品，现在很快就会面临激烈的竞争。这里的soon就暗示了前后是一个对比关系。‎ ‎61. 答案：B 解析：本句前面说面临激烈的竞争，然后说竞争会让他们失业。out of business失业；out of trouble摆脱麻烦；out of power丧失权力的；out of mind心不在焉，忘却。‎ ‎62. 答案：A 解析：本句是说像沃尔玛等大型超市的到来，这些小企业将无能维持下去并将被排挤出局。尤其要注意and后的be crowded out，所填的词应该和它是并列关系。‎ ‎63. 答案：D 解析：结合下句所说：科技的进步和更加开放的政策的结合已经创造了一个相互联系的世界。故可推断本句以为全球化不可逆转，即没有回头路。turn back回头，符合句意。‎ ‎64. 答案：D 解析：文章综合了对全球化的不同观点，最后说到目前的难题是找到一个可行的方法。agreement协议；prediction预测；outcome结果；challenge挑战，难题。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic ‎ people often cannot tell the difference between two-songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are far apart on the musical scale.‎ As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their ability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painfull. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.‎ Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see certain colors.‎ Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years. Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert I just say. “No thanks. I'm amusic,”* says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”‎ ‎65. Which of (he following is true of amusics?‎ A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.‎ B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.‎ C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.‎ D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.‎ ‎66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who ______ .‎ A. dislikes listening to speeches B. can hear anything nonmusical C. has a hearing problem D. lacks a complex hearing system ‎67. In the last paragraph, Margaret express that ______ .‎ A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy C. her problem could be easily explained D. she were able to meet other amusics ‎68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?‎ A. Amusics’ strange behaviours. B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.‎ C. Musical talent and brain structure. D. Identification and treatment of amusics.‎ ‎【语篇解析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了一群特殊的人——amusic（没有乐感的人），对他们而言，音乐如同噪音一般，没有任何乐趣。没有欣赏音乐的能力给他们的生活带来了诸多不便，不过，令人高兴的是，他们的这种状况目前已得到诊断，他们的大脑与能够欣赏音乐的人的大脑有所不同，而且这种差异很复杂。‎ 段落 关键词、句 大意推测 第一部分（Para. 1）‎ no fun at all;four percent of population;without the ability;recognize or reproduce musical notes;cannot tell the difference 界定amusic没有乐感的人：没有丝毫乐趣；4%的人口；没有能力；辨别或重现乐调；不能辨别出区别 第二部分（Para. 2）‎ like noise;apart from others;difficult for other people to identify with;result in withdrawal and social isolation 没有乐感给他们的生活带来的艰辛：像噪音；远离他人；对其他人而言很难去认同；导致退出与社会孤立 第三部分（Para. 3-4）‎ are different from;complex;doesn’t involve defective hearing;is finally diagnosed;makes it easier for her to explain 症状终于得以诊断：与……不同；复杂；与听力障碍无关;终于确诊；对她来说解释起来容易多了 ‎65．答案：A 解析:细节理解题。根据“That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music”（那就是许多没有乐感的人有意地远离有音乐的地方的原因），由此可以排除B项“他们喜爱很可能听到音乐的地方”。根据“Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs”（没有乐感的人经常不能说出两首歌曲的不同）排除C项“他们能很容易地区别出两首歌”。根据文中“It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition”（对于其他人来说，认同他们会很难），因此排除D项“音乐家们很理解他们的境况”。最后根据文章的第一句For some people, music is no fun at all.About four percent of the population is what scientists call amusic（对于一些人来说，音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言），可知A项“听音乐对他们来说完全不是愉快的”为正确答案。‎ ‎66. 答案：C 解析：判断推理题。根据关键词defective hearing定位第三段，根据“……and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors”（它与听力障碍无关。没有乐感的人能够很好地理解其他非音乐的声音。对于普通的演讲理解起来也没任何问题。科学家们把没有乐感的人比作不能看见某些颜色的人），由此排除A 项“不喜欢听演讲的人”；B项“能听到任何非音乐的声音”以及D项“缺乏一个复杂的听力系统”。锁定答案C项“有听力障碍的”。‎ ‎67. 答案：A 解析：细节判断题。根据关键词last paragraph，定位最后一段，找到Margaret说的那句话“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy”（我只是希望我十七岁而不是七十岁的时候学会说那句话啊），这是一个虚拟语气的句子，可以看出Margaret说这句话的时候，已经七十岁了，因此排除B项“她十七了而不是七十了”，同时也排除C项“她的问题很好解释”；选项D“她能见到其他的没有乐感的人”从Margaret的愿望中，我们看不出这个意思了，因此排除D项。所以正确答案是A项。‎ ‎68. 答案:B 解析：主旨大意题。要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉。文章的第一段告诉读者：大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。因此，可以排除A项“没有乐感的人奇怪行为”C项“音乐才能与大脑结构”以及D项“没乐感的人的区别与治疗”，锁定答案B项“一些人没有欣赏音乐的能力”。‎ ‎(B)‎ Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product Full Two Year Warranty(保修)‎ Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet(机箱)‎ Warranty Provides for:‎ FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.‎ THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust(生锈)‎ Warranty Limitations:‎ ‎• Warranty begins at date of original purchase.‎ ‎• Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.‎ ‎• Products used on a commercial or rental basis are not covered by this warranty.‎ ‎• Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.‎ Owner’s Responsibilities:‎ ‎• Provide sales receipt.‎ ‎• Normal care and maintenance.‎ ‎• Having the product reasonably accessible for service.‎ ‎• Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.‎ ‎• Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer’s normal business hours.‎ ‎• Adjustments covered during first year only.‎ Warranty Docs Not Cover It If:‎ ‎• Product has damage due to product alteration, connection to an improper electrical supply, shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.‎ ‎• Product is improperly installed or applied.‎ In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages. ★‎ ‎★ This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state. For example, some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.‎ ‎69. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if ______ .‎ A. shipped from a Canadian factor B. rented for home use ‎ C. repaired by the user himself D. used in the U.S.A.‎ ‎70. According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for ______ .‎ A. the loss of the sales receipt B. a servicer’s overtime work C. the product installation D. a mechanic's transportation ‎71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?‎ A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.‎ B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.‎ C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.‎ D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.‎ ‎【语篇解析】这是一张保修单，属于说明文，文章对家用自动干洗机的保修时限、保修服务范围、购买者所负的责任、不属于保修服务内容以及对结果性损失不负任何责任诸方面进行了详尽说明。‎ 段落 关键词、句 大意推测 第一部分（Para. 1）‎ FIRST TWO YEARS;repair or replace;free of charge;THIRD THUR FIFTH YEARS;provide a free replacement;due to rust 保修期限：前两年；维修或更换；免费；三到五年；免费更换；由于生锈 第二部分（Para. 2）‎ begins at date of orginal purchase;product used within;on a commercial or rental basis;performed by Amama service;during first year only 保修服务范围：原购买日期起；在……内使用的产品；基于商业或租用目的；由Amama服务人员完成；仅仅在第一年内 第三部分（Para. 3）‎ are different from;complex;doesn’t involve defective hearing;is finally diagnosed;makes it easier for her to explain 症状终于得以诊断：与……不同；复杂；与听力障碍无关;终于确诊；对她来说解释起来容易多了 第四部分（Para. 4）‎ provide sales receipt;normal care and maintenance;accessible for service;service calls;extra service costs;‎ 购买者的责任：提供销售收据;正常的维护与保养；便于服务；服务电话；额外服务费用 第五部分（Para. 5）‎ due to product alternation;an improper electrical supply;shipping and handling;accident;fire;floods;lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amama;improperly installed or applied 不属于保修范围：由于产品更换；不当的电源；运输与装修；事故；火灾；水灾；闪电或其他非Amama控制的其他状况；不当安装或使用 第六部分（Para. 6）‎ vary from state to state 对间接性损坏不承担任何责任；州与州是不同的 ‎69. 答案：B 解析：细节判断题。根据关键词Warranty Limitations，找到相应段落，根据Products used on a commercial or rental basis are not covered by this warranty（基于商业或者租用目的的产品，不在保修范围）排除B项“租给家庭使用”；根据Service must be performed by an Amama servicer.（服务工作必须由 Amama工作人员完成）排除C项“由使用者本人修理”；根据句子Applies only to product used in the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory（此项服务仅适用于这些产品：当从厂家海运时由加拿大标准协会批准的在美国或者加拿大使用的产品），由此排除A项“从加拿大工厂海运来”；锁定答案B项“在美国使用”。‎ ‎70. 答案：B 解析：细节判断题。根据关键词Owner’s Responsibilities，锁定相应段落。根据Provide sales receipt（提供购买收据）排除A项“收据丢失”，文中只是说购买者有提供收据的责任，并没有提及丢失后需要承担的责任；根据Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions（为与产品安装或使用说明相关的电话付款），排除C项“产品安装”付款；最后根据Pay for extra service cost、over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer’s normal business hours（如果要求售后服务人员超出正常工作时间完成服务，需要付额外服务费用、超过正常服务费用）锁定答案B项“为售后服务人员的超时工作付费”，而D项“机械的运输”在文中并未提及，因此排除。‎ ‎71. 答案：C 解析：细节推理题。根据Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.可以知道是一些州，而并非A项中“在整个美国后果性损害不包括在内”；根据Product has damage due to ……fire, floods, ightning……beyond the control of Amama（超出Amama所能控制范围的、由于火灾、洪灾、闪电……等造成的产品损坏，不予保修），排除B项“在自然灾害中产品损坏的在保修范围内”；再根据Product is improperly installed or applied（产品不当安装或使用不予维修）排除D项“在第一年中免费维修不当使用的产品”；最后根据 THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amama will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（在三到五年内Amama将免费更换由生锈导致的任何一个不合格的机箱零件）锁定答案C项“在第二年内，因为生锈导致的不合格机箱进行免费更换”。‎ ‎(C)‎ A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.‎ ‎“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.‎ They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.‎ While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.‎ Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”‎ ‎72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ________.‎ A. they had no model in their mind B. they did not have sufficient time C. they had no ready-made components D. they could no assemble the components ‎73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly_________.‎ A. consists of a flight device and a control system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can collect information from many sources D. has been put into wide application ‎74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?‎ A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.‎ B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.‎ C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.‎ D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.‎ ‎75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?‎ A. Father of Robotic Fly B. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study ‎【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，讲述机器人苍蝇的研发，面临的困难以及前景。‎ 段落 关键词、句 大意推测 第一部分（Para. 1）‎ create the first robotic fly; the mechanical fly; a platform for a series of new high-tech systems; what a fly does naturally; the size of a fat housefly; mini wings; perform controlled flight tasks.‎ 哈佛大学的一组技师在自然界的激发下，创造了第一部机器人苍蝇。进而描述了机器人苍蝇的样子与用途。‎ 第二部分（Para. 2）‎ extremely important; as a whole system; not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件); has been working on；for over a decade；got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components.；the added difficulty; off the shelf; have to develop them all on our own 机器人苍蝇要的是一套完整的体系，而不是一组独立原件简单地相加。哈佛大学Robert Wood教授数十年都在致力于研究机器人苍蝇这个课题。几年前，他的团队就开始了拼装原件。但这个项目也遇到了困难：那些元件没有一件能现货供应的，只能自己做。‎ 第三部分（Para. 3-4）‎ a series of systems to start and drive…；has a number of interdependencies on the individual components; was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems; …the success of the project proves that…; these tiny components can be built and manufactured; is linked to; a small, off-board power source; equip it with; a built-in power source; someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield; be able to take off, land and fly around.‎ 从两个方面说明机器人苍蝇：一.机器人苍蝇所需要的一套体系。看上去相当简单地能够移动翅膀的系统却在那些单个原件中有很多相互依赖的成份，每个成分不仅要各自运转良好，还要和与它相连的所有成分都配合好。二. 机器人苍蝇配有内置电源，是为了将来有一天能在营救点，在牧场上或者战场上从事数据收集工作。‎ 第四部分（Para. 5）‎ a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale; …on board could have much broader applications; open scientific questions; difficult with the animals; using…instead; drives us on …‎ 此设计为研究飞行力学和控制昆虫规模提供了一种崭新的方法。然而(搭载的)动力设备，传感以及运算技术会有更广泛的应用。Wood设计的机器人苍蝇在某些动物实验方面可以用来代替动物。‎ ‎72. 答案：C.‎ 解析：细节理解题。考生根据第二段最后一句 “The added difficulty with a project like this is that…可知事实上那些元件没有一件能现货供应的，要理解be off the shelf 的用法，所以选项C. they had no ready-made components就是对本句的同义替换，故为正确答案根据文章第一段Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.是有制作模型的，故排除A。根据文章第二段“It’s extremely ‎ important for us to think about …, ”the Harvard engineering professor who has been working ….可知选项B. they did not have sufficient time他们没有充足的时间，不合适；而选项D. they could no assemble the components他们不会组装元件是对原文的误解，并不是要组装，故排除选项D。‎ ‎73. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。题干要求在第三段和第四段来推测，所以根据文章内容but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. 故选项A. consists of a flight device and a control system是片面的，排除；根据第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.可知选项C.中的from many sources应为 from many sites/places，故排除；选项D. has been put into wide application的定位在第五段Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.可知已经大量应用是错误的，故排除。纵观三四两段，尤其是第四段尾句“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.可推断出只有B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time正确。‎ ‎74. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。文章末段的to study biology in ways…would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead告诉我们这些机器人可以替代动物，故D项正确。考生注意的是，说明文末段尤其带有转折关系的路标词往往是题眼所在。根据第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. 可知A选项错误，故排除。文章最后一段中指出“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.，并没有说：不允许拿动物进行生物实验，故排除B选项。根据文章最后一段Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale.及“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”可知以后会有更多的问题等待我们去探索，但并不是说过去在研究昆虫飞行方面常常方法很少，故排除。‎ ‎75. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。本题考查考生理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。选择最佳标题，一般来说，考生只有通篇理解文章传递的信息，才可能概括出全文的最佳标题。对比四个选项，A选项意为“机器人苍蝇之父”，文章的主题主要说明“机器人苍蝇”，故排除。B选项“来自工程学中的灵感”与文章的主题“机器人苍蝇”关系不大，故排除。D选项“哈福大学在昆虫研究领域的突破”， 并没有点明主题“机器人苍蝇”，故排除。C选项既交待了“Robotic Fly” 又讲了与真实生活中昆虫的关系，所以争取答案为C。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.‎ A. Healthy way of life giving way to overuse of medicine B. Different findings as to taking additional vitamin C. EU’s response to overuse of health products D. Worrying increase in multivitamin advertising E. EU directive for the benefit of individuals F. EU directive against prediction in novels ‎76.‎ The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the western world. People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consuming worryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. This EU directive should be supported.‎ ‎77.‎ Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people’s health. A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.‎ ‎78.‎ Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn’t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality.‎ ‎79.‎ People already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. People do not need all these pills.‎ ‎80.‎ Some might argue that the EU directive denies people’s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.‎ Section C ‎【语篇解读】阅读“六选五”题型考查的是学生的综合阅读能力。要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点。本文介绍了过度饮用营养品的不良影响，EU对此作出的回应以及EU指令对人们的益处。‎ ‎76.解析：文中However之后是答案所在，尤其是最后一句This EU directive(指令)should be supported. 因此EU’s response to overuse of health products.正确。‎ 答案：C ‎77.解析：根据文章 are more likely to以及Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.可知Different findings as to taking additional vitamin正确。‎ 答案：B ‎78.解析：关键词定位法，根据文章 Science fiction of the 1960s … 可知EU directive against prediction in novels.正确。‎ 答案：F ‎79.解析：根据文章 People already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle.可知Healthy way of life giving way to overuse of medicine是对此句的同义替换。‎ 答案：A ‎80. 解析：根据文章 However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. 以及最后一句Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened. 可知EU directive for the benefit of individuals正确。‎ 答案：E Section D Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.‎ A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers from the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.‎ They found that almost all of the categories(类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.‎ ‎“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr. Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media- movies, radio, drama- has more emotional content than books.”‎ Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour: the ratio(比赛) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.‎ During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trade. In the paper, they even prove that the reverse could be true.‎ ‎“It has been suggested, for example that it was suppression(压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’…perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”‎ ‎(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)‎ ‎81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except ____________.‎ ‎82. According to Dr. Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that __________.‎ ‎83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?‎ ‎84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that __________.‎ Section D ‎81.答案：in the category of fear ‎82.答案：the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape/ other media – movies, radio, drama – had more emotional content than books.‎ ‎83.答案：During the Roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.‎ ‎84.答案：their research result reflected wider social trends/ songs and books reflected the real population 第Ⅱ卷 （共45分）‎ Ⅰ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)‎ ‎2. 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)‎ ‎3. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)‎ ‎4. 演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)‎ ‎5. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)‎ I. Translation ‎1. 解析：玩得很开心，常用“enjoy oneself very much”来表达。‎ 答案：We enjoyed ourselves very much on this New Year's Day.‎ ‎2. 解析：祝贺某人……，常用“congratulate sb on sth”来表达。另外18岁生日需要用序数词eighteenth，注意拼写。‎ 答案：My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my eighteenth birthday yesterday.‎ ‎3. 解析：与……一样，常用“as...as”的结构，两个as之间通常接形容词或副词比较级。本句中，要表达充满了活力，用形容词“lively”即可。‎ 答案：After years of construction, this town is as lively now as it used to be before the earthquake.‎ ‎4. 解析：对某人来说耳熟能详，常用“familiar to”来表达。另外，本句中五十多岁的人，用in one's fifties来表达。根据句意，泛指五十多岁的人，可以用people in their fifties。‎ 答案：The show started with a piece of music familiar to people in their fifties.‎ ‎5. 解析：no sooner...than的结构用来引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时。当no sooner放在句首时，表示强调，注意此时主句要采用倒装结构。另外，本句中的短语稍有难度，灭绝物种，常用extinct species来表达；野生动物保护组织，常用Wildlife Conservation Organization来表达。‎ 答案：No sooner had she finished watching that programme about those extinct species, than she decided to join the Wildlife Conservation Organization.‎ Ⅱ. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.‎ 上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：‎ ‎1. 简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；‎ ‎2. 说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）‎ II. Guided Writing To whom it may concern:‎ I’ve learned that you’re collecting suggestions on the location of the coming art exhibition. I know it makes a big difference to our city, such as promoting the image of Shanghai. I’m writing to share with you my opinions. ‎ In my view, it is more advisable to hold the art exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries. My reasons are as follows:‎ Firstly, citizens will have easy access to it because Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city. Besides, it entitles people to a more comfortable environment for appreciating art.‎ Secondly, with a reputation of being professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions, it is bound to live up to people’s expectations. Its professional security guards and advanced facilities can better protect those famous paintings from being damaged or stolen.‎ I hope you can give a thought to my advice which I believe will help.‎ Wang Min 名师点拨：‎ 一、 审题与构思 本次高考作文考查观点论述，题型较为常见，要求对画展的展出场所做出选择，并且说明理由，而且已经提示了可以从便利性和专业性两个角度来分析，难度不算太大，要写好这篇作文，只要观点明确并且言之有理即可。‎ 范文按照书信的形式，首先要提出给收信人，To whom it may concern这里表示的是敬启者，是在读者身份不明时用在信件、通知和证明书开头的套语，也是除了Dear xxx之外英语书信的常见用语。‎ 二、 成篇 信的第一段交待了自己的身份，并且表明了些这封信的目的。‎ 第二段明确提出了自己的观点，用了it is more advisable to do...句型，表明“……是更合理的”，常用在提出建议时。段落最后用My reasons are as follows.“我的理由如下”作为一个过渡句引出下面的理由论述。‎ 第三、四段用firstly, secondly “首先……；其次……”进行连接，层次清楚。在论述观点时连词的使用可以使逻辑显得更清晰。第三段从便利性角度进行分析，博物馆交通更便利而且环境更舒适。第四段从专业性角度说明博物馆的优势。‎ 最后一段总结并重申自己的观点。‎ 三、 好词好句 it is more advisable to………是更合理的 makes a big difference有重大作用 have easy access to更容易进入 entitle people to使人有资格享用 with a reputation of有……的荣誉 live up to达到标准 be bound to一定 give a thought to考虑