江苏高考英语专题一语法知识名词性从句

江苏高考英语专题一语法知识名词性从句

第6讲　名词性从句 ‎1．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏，26)‎ A．that B．which C．what D．how 答案　C 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。‎ ‎2．Every year，________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ ‎(2017·北京，23)‎ A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever 答案　B 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。‎ ‎3．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing ________ she was heading.‎ ‎(2017·北京，26)‎ A．why B．where C．how D．when 答案　B 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。‎ ‎4．She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津，4)‎ A．when B．where C．whether D．what 答案　C 解析　‎ 考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。‎ ‎5．It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ ‎(2016·江苏，21)‎ A．why B．what C．as D．that 答案　D 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。‎ ‎6．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎(2016·北京，29)‎ A．what B．that C．whether D．why 答案　B 解析　考查表语从句。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。‎ ‎7．The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)‎ A．whether B．that C．which D．what ‎ 答案　B 解析　考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。‎ ‎8．Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)‎ A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever D．Wherever 答案　C 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever。‎ ‎9．________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏，25)‎ A．That B．Why C．Where D．How 答案　C 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。‎ ‎10．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京，33)‎ A．that B．where C．what D．why 答案　A 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故选A。‎ ‎11．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)‎ A．Where B．How C．Why D．When 答案　B 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语，结合句意可知选B。‎ ‎12．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江，6)‎ A．what B．who C．that D．whoever 答案　A 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。‎ ‎13．A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not________ ships are built for.(2015·安徽，25)‎ A．what B．whom C．why D．when 答案　A 解析　考查表语从句。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。‎ ‎14．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.(2015·福建，29)‎ A．where B．how C．why D．if 答案　B 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。根据回答by doing可知问的是方式。‎ ‎15．You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎(2015·湖南，26)‎ A．what B．that C．where D．who 答案　C 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子结构可知，know后的______ you’re going是宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。‎ ‎16．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西，19)‎ A．what B．that C．why D．how 答案　A 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。‎ ‎17．The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川，8)‎ A．where B．why C．what D．which 答案　B 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，故选项C、D错误；where表示地点，不符合题意，故选B，why表示“……的原因”。‎ ‎18．We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆，8)‎ A．when B．how C．where D．why 答案　A 解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。‎ ‎19．—What a mess！You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I’m not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江苏，26)‎ A．how B．what ‎ C．that D．who 答案　B 解析　考查表语从句。句意为：——这么乱！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。‎ ‎20．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建，34)‎ A．that B．what C．how D．whether 答案　B 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导一个宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作do的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎1．介词后面一般不接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。‎ You may depend on it that they will support you.‎ 你放心，他们会支持你的。‎ ‎2．某些动词如enjoy，hate，have，hide，like，love，appreciate，take等后面不能直接跟宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语，再把从句放到后面。‎ I would appreciate it if you could help me.‎ 如果你能帮我，我会很感激。‎ ‎3．reason作主语，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why或because引导。‎ The reason why he didn’t attend school was that he was ill.‎ 他没来上学的原因是他病了。‎ ‎4．动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后的宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用whether或if均可，而不用that。名词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时，一般用that引导同位语从句；用在肯定句中时，一般用whether引导同位语从句。‎ I doubt whether/if he is at home.‎ 我怀疑他是否在家。‎ There is no doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.‎ 毫无疑问他们会提前完成任务。‎ ‎5．whether可引导所有名词性从句。whether引导的从句能用作介词的宾语；whether能用在discuss，decide后引导宾语从句，还可以和or not直接连用，但以上三种情况均不能用if。‎ Are you talking about whether he will come?‎ 你们是在谈论他是否会来吗？‎ I don’t care whether I can get it or not.‎ 我不在乎我是否可以得到它。‎ ‎6．“wh-＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；“no matter wh-”只能引导让步状语从句，可以和“wh-＋ever”互换。 ‎ He would believe whatever I said.‎ 我说什么他都相信。‎ Whatever/No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.‎ 无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。‎ ‎7．what和that引导的名词性从句的区别：‎ what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义。‎ What the lecturer said is very valuable.‎ 演讲者讲的话非常有用。‎ That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.‎ 看起来她不太可能会拒绝这项提议。‎ ‎1．What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(2017·灌南高级中学检测，25)‎ A．when B．how C．whether D．why 答案　C 解析　句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否从严重的疾病中快点恢复。空处引导的是表语从句，表示“是否”，故用whether。‎ ‎2．________ surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know where the difference between the two lies.(2017·灌南高级中学检测，28)‎ A．That B．What C．Who D．Which 答案　B 解析　句意为：最让我惊讶的事情是她甚至都不知道两者之间的差异在哪里。what在主语从句What surprises me most中作主语。that引导的表语从句中包含一个where引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎3．The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers ________ they can’t afford themselves a house.(2017·镇江期中，29)‎ A．whether B．where C．what D．that 答案　D 解析　句意为：大多数城市房价的上涨引起了年轻农民工的担忧，他们无力负担自己的房子。本题考查同位语从句，解释说明concerns，从句的句子成分完整，故填that。‎ ‎4．—China never lacks access to quality animation productions.‎ ‎—You can say that again，but the difficulty lies in ________ Chinese people translate them successfully and adapt them into the market.(2017·盐城亭湖高级中学段考，27)‎ A．what B．when C．where D．how 答案　D 解析　句意为：——中国从来不缺高质量的动画作品。——你说的没错，但是困难在于中国人如何成功翻译它们并使它们适应市场。介词in后为宾语从句。根据句子结构可知，从句不缺主语或宾语，排除A项；根据句意可知，从句缺少方式状语，应用how引导宾语从句，故选D项。‎ ‎5．I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being，one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you，the doer of the good deed.(2017·溧水高级中学二模，32)‎ A．which；that B．that；that C．what；that D．that；what 答案　C 解析　句意为：我想伊索所建议的是，当对他人做好事时，人们希望善行会回来，并给行善的人带来好处。think后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what引导宾语从句同时在从句中作动词suggesting的宾语，is后是表语从句，在该表语从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句，整个句子句意成分完整，故用that引导表语从句，故答案为C。‎ ‎6．There seems to be some doubt about ________ Ann will attend the meeting.‎ ‎(2017·宿迁青华中学月考，35)‎ A．when B．whether C．what D．that 答案　B 解析　句意为：安是否参加会议似乎还有疑问。介词about后是宾语从句，that从句不作介词的宾语，排除D项；从句成分完整，排除A、C项，故正确答案为B。‎ ‎7．________ counts is ________ all those trapped in the building have been rescued.‎ ‎(2017·南京九中模拟，27)‎ A．It；that B．What；because C．Which；because D．What；that 答案　D 解析　句意为：重要的是那些被困在大楼里的人们已经得救了。what引导主语从句且充当主语；is之后为表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故用that引导，故选D。‎ ‎8．We may look at the world around us，but somehow we manage not to see it until ________ we’ve become used to suddenly disappears.(2017·南京学情调研，27)‎ A．when B．where C．what D．why 答案　C 解析　句意为：我们可以看看我们身边的这个世界，但是我们却设法以某种方式无视它的存在直到我们习以为常的东西突然消失。分析句子成分可知，连词until的后面为状语从句，状语从句的谓语动词disappears的前面为主语从句。在主语从句中，介词to的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。‎ ‎9．—The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?‎ ‎—Yes.That’s ________ I have compromised with the flat owner.‎ ‎(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，32)‎ A．what B．where C．how D．when 答案　B 解析　句意为：——我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%？——是的。那就是我跟房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where作地点状语，故选B项。‎ ‎10．The problem ________ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模，23)‎ A．how B．whether C．that D．when 答案　B 解析　句意为：他将在国内或国外读大学，这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知，本句是同位语从句，用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。‎ ‎11．The infrastructure of a country is ________ makes everything run well，including things like transport，irrigation，electricity and schools.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，22)‎ A．which B．that C．where D．what 答案　D 解析　句意为：一个国家的基础设施是使得一切能正常运行的东西，包括交通、灌溉、电和学校之类的东西。is后是一个表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，且没有范围限制，用what，故选D项。‎ ‎12．I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is ________ they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、盐城一模，30)‎ A．how B．that C．whether D．when 答案　D 解析　句意为：我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知，系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知when符合题意。‎ ‎13．—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success?‎ ‎—________ he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模，34)‎ A．Because B．How C．Whether D．That 答案　D 解析　句意为：——你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功？——他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知，该句句子结构、意义完整，用that引导主语从句，从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。‎ ‎14．Hard work，along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success，which is ________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.‎ ‎(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，32)‎ A．that B．where C．what D．how 答案　C 解析　句意为：艰苦奋斗以及甘于奉献的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障，这是我们应该从参加长征的先辈身上学习的东西。分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句，从句中谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。‎ ‎15．The argument doesn’t hold much ground ________ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.(2017·南通一模，21)‎ A．where B．that C．which D．when 答案　B 解析　‎ 句意为：如今家庭背景为毕业生们提供了职业竞争上的优势，这样的观点站不住脚。结合句意并分析句子成分可知，空后的句子指的是争论点的内容，是argument的同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中，句子不缺少成分，所以用连词that。故选B。‎ ‎16．As I opened my eyes，in ________ direction I looked，I could see smiling，peaceful，calm and content faces.(2016·南通调研，34)‎ A．whatever B．however C．whichever D．wherever 答案　C 解析　句意为：当我睁开眼的时候，无论往哪个方向看，我都能看到微笑、安宁、平静和满足的脸庞。in 为介词，后面是宾语从句，根据句意用whichever表示“无论哪一个方向”，故C正确。‎ ‎17．—Where are you living now?‎ ‎—I’ve moved to ________ you know my grandpa once lived.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模，28)‎ A．which B．that C．where D．what 答案　C 解析　句意为：——你现在住在哪里？——我已经搬到，你知道的，我爷爷曾经住过的地方了。move to后为宾语从句，从句中的you know为插入语，my grandpa once lived缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。‎ ‎18．There is no doubt，from my point of view，________ matters is not what happens to you，but what you remember and how you remember it.(2016·泰州一模，22)‎ A．what that B．that that C．what if D．that what ‎ 答案　D 解析　句意为：在我看来，重要的不是发生了什么，而是你所记得的以及你记住它的方式，这是毫无疑问的。from my point of view为插入语，There is no doubt结构中，that引导同位语从句，从句中还含有主语从句________ matters，该主语从句缺少主语，故用what。‎ ‎19．Didn’t it occur to you ________ we could have solved the problem in an easier way？‎ ‎(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研，25)‎ A．that B．whether C．how D．why 答案　A 解析　句意为：难道你没有想到我们本可以用更简单的办法解决这个问题吗？这是一个主语从句，it 代替后面的句子作形式主语，根据句意，从句叙述的是事实，而且不缺少任何成分，所以关系词选用that，故A正确。‎ ‎20．It is known to us all that ________ we learn at present is closely linked with our future.‎ A．how B．whether C．whatever D．whichever 答案　C 解析　句意为：众所周知，我们目前所学的任何东西都与我们的将来有密切的关系。本题中that引导的是主语从句，而主语从句中还包含主语从句，______ we learn at present作从句的主语。通过对句子结构的分析，不难发现learn缺少宾语，应用whatever作learn的宾语。whichever表示一定的范围，可排除。‎