高考总复习代词讲解

高考总复习代词讲解

代词的用法 ‎ ‎ 代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中不定代词one，the one，ones与that，those，it的用法区别。‎ 代词的概念：‎ ‎ 代词是指代替名词以及起名词作用的词、短语或句子的词。主要分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。‎ 代词的分类：‎ ‎ 分类 人称数量 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 第三人称单数 he him ‎ his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves 一． 人称代词 ‎ 分清主格和宾格形式,主格主要用作主语，宾格主要宾语和表语。‎ ‎ I bought a present for him. —Who is it? —It's me．‎ 二． 物主代词：‎ 名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。通常：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 ‎ 例如：This isn’t my shirt; mine is over there.‎ 注意：分清主格宾格，主语用主格，宾格主要宾语和表语 ‎ 形容词物主代词时候+名词 The panda is its top (attract).‎ 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词Is it his coat? No, it is mine. ‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. Shall ________(we) go to the zoo by bus or by bike?‎ ‎2. Bob loves _______(he) mother very much. ‎ ‎3. Who bought it for ______(she)? ‎ ‎4. Jim is a very good boy. We all like ______(he). ‎ ‎5. ________(we) new model plane can fly very high. ‎ ‎6. I have a lovely cat, ______ (it) name is Carl. ‎ ‎7. This is _______ (he) bike. ‎ ‎8. She doesn’t like _______(she) new dress at all. ‎ ‎9. Is this red coat yours? No, _________ is yellow.‎ ‎10. ‎ • 物主代词构成的短语 • lose one’s way do one's best • earn one’s living keep one's word ‎ • hold one’s breath save one's life ‎ • ‎ make up one’s mind in one's opinion 三．反身代词: 反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。 a. 作宾语： We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　‎ Please help yourself to some fish.‎ b. 作表语； be ,系动词 feel, look,seem之后 I am not myself today.　 ‎ The poor girl in the picture is myself c.作同位语 The thing itself is not important.　 ‎ ‎ I myself can do it well.‎ • ‎*．反身代词习惯用语。 ‎ • teach oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得高兴； seat oneself请坐 • dress oneself自己穿上衣服； help yourself to自取，随便吃一点……；‎ • talk to oneself自言自语； call oneslef 自称 • make oneself understood使自己让别人理解；‎ 四．相互代词:有each other和one another两组。‎ each other用于两个人或是物之间，译为“互相，彼此”；‎ one another用于三个或是三个以上的人或物之间。‎ You two should help each other with their study. ‎ We respect one another. We often point out each other’s mistakes.‎ 五．指示代词:this, that, these, those，the same(同样的), such（这样的）, so（这样）.‎ ‎1．this(these)近指; this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物（将要发生）‎ e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine． ‎ This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.‎ I like theses books but I don’t like those(books).‎ What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．‎ ‎2．而that (those)远指，而that(those)常指刚提到或是已经完成的事情。‎ e.g. ‎ ‎ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．‎ That’s all, thank you!‎ ‎3. such 指前面所述提到的这样的人或事物，‎ so 代替一个句子或者短语所表达的事情，‎ the same 指刚刚提到的同一个人或事物 I have never seen such a funny film As far as I know, there is no such car in this place.‎ It is going to rain tonight. I hope so./ I hope not.‎ I am the same age as you.‎ Happy new year! The same to you.‎ ‎ 3. one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it One ‎ a/an+单数名词 ‎ Ones ‎ 复数名词 ‎ The one ‎ The+单数名词 ‎ The ones ‎ The +复数名词 ‎ That ‎ The+单数名词/不可数名词（尤其是有后置定语） ‎ those ‎ The+复数名词（尤其是有后置定语） ‎ It ‎ 指代前面提到同一个事物 ‎ My pen is lost. I must look for it.‎ My pen is lost. I must buy one.‎ I prefer red roses to white ones.‎ The boy in this class are cleverer that the ones/those in that class.‎ ‎ The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population） ‎ The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago. ‎ ‎ ‎ 练习：‎ 1. I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for ______.‎ 2. I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy ______.‎ 3. The umbrella you bought is cheaper than _____I bought. ‎ 4. The water in the cup is hotter than ______in the pot.‎ 5. There were a few young people and some older ________ in the house.‎ 6. Mary's handwriting is far better than______ of Peter.‎ ‎8.I found ______hard to get on with her.‎ ‎9.He has saved my life. I'll never forget _____. ‎ ‎10. Don’t take the notebook away. My wife is using . ‎ ‎11. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city.‎ ‎12. We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found we like yet. ‎ ‎13.Many will fail to find jobs or lose the they have.‎ ‎ 总结：that可以指代可数单数或特指不可数名词，相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”；‎ ‎ those只能代替可数名词复数（=those ones或the ones）；‎ ‎ one 用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词（泛指），相当于“a/an+单数名词”; ‎ it指前面所指的同一物 ‎ ones用来代替前面出现的可数名词复数（泛指）；the ‎ one用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数（特指），有时可用that来代替；‎ ‎ the ones用来代替前面可数名词复数，有时可以用those来代替（特指）； ‎ ‎—Why don't we take a little break?  —Didn't we just have __________?‎ A．it      B．that  C．one     D．this    ‎ The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．‎ A．they   B．it    C．one     D．which    ‎ 六．不定代词：不明确指代某个（些）人或事物的代词。‎ ‎1、both，either，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。‎ ‎【2017全国卷】改错：Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.‎ ‎2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。‎ E.g. This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．‎ ‎ None of us are/is perfect．‎ ‎ All of the village was flooded．‎ some用于肯定句或由情态动词引导的某种请求或是意愿的疑问句。‎ There is some water here. Would you like to drink some milk?‎ 练习：‎ ‎1.To reach an agreement, sides must make concession.‎ ‎2. If you run after two hares, you will catch .‎ ‎3. You can write on side.‎ ‎4. He wants to invite of his friends to his birthday party. ‎ ‎5. There are many doors. A golden key can open door. ‎ ‎6. of us could live without air. ‎ ‎7.There are tress on sides.‎ ‎8. Mr. and Mrs. Li are teachers.‎ ‎9.You can sit at end of the boat if you can keep still.‎ ‎10.The research group produced two reports bases on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.‎ ‎11.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they ‎ have a lot of work to do.‎ ‎12. All the boy are clever, but of them can work out the problem.‎ ‎13.I have my jackets, you can take . ‎ ‎14. ______ of the twins are in our class.‎ ‎15. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.‎ ‎16. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.‎ 归纳总结：‎ 都 都不 任一 两者 ‎_______‎ ‎ _______‎ ‎ _____‎ 多者 ‎_____‎ ‎ _______‎ ‎ _____‎ 部分否定：‎ ‎ All both everyone everybody everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定； ‎ No one, none, nobody, nothing 以及no +名词表示全部否定 ‎ 当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 位置在哪里都表示部分否定 ‎ Not all of them smoke.‎ They are not both teachers.‎ All the boys don’t like English.‎ Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. ‎ ‎3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：‎ no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。None 着眼于数量概念。”特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有”。‎ ‎—How many people are there in the hall? / Is there any water in it?—None．‎ ‎—Who wants to go with him? —No one(Nobody)．‎ ‎—What can you see in the bottle?—Nothing．‎ ‎4、another，the other，the others，other , others another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表”再有”, another+基数词+名词（s）=基数词+名词（s）+more；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。‎ ‎—I don’t like this，show me another one．‎ There is another way of dealing with the problem. ‎ Where shall we be in another ten years？‎ ‎—If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_______$15．‎ A. another  B．other  C．more  D．Each ‎ ‎*I will stay here for another three days.‎ ‎ 3 more days.‎ ‎ 3 other days.‎ ‎ I have two books. One is about English, the other is about French.‎ He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a farmer.‎ There are many books on the table. Some are English, the others are French.‎ His ideas were often different from others.‎ ‎ Some praise him, while others condemn him. ‎ 搭配： ‎ ‎1.one…another ‎ To learn is one thing, to teach is another.‎ To say is one thing, to do is another.‎ ‎2.some...others...有些……有些… …； ‎ Some like tea, others like milk.‎ Some say yes, while others say no.‎ ‎3.one...the other...一个……(特指两者中的)另一个……‎ I have two books, one is English, the other is French.‎ ‎4.On the one hand, on the other hand, 一方面，另一方面 ‎ On the one hand, I am your teacher, on the other hand, I am you friend.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher.‎ ‎2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.‎ ‎3. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.‎ ‎4. ______ of the twins are in our class.‎ ‎5. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______.‎ ‎6. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.‎ ‎5、every, each Each指两者或以上的每一个，可作主语、定语或同位语，可跟of，‎ every指三者及以上的每一个，只可作定语，且后只能接可数名词单数 Each of us has an English book. Each student has an English book.‎ We each have an English book. Every student has an English book.‎ ‎6、few, a few, little, a little, many, much I have many books/much money. ‎ There are few/a few apples on the desk. ‎ There is little/a little water in the bottle.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. (很多) people don’t have (很多)food.‎ ‎2. (很多) mistakes are caused by carelessness.‎ ‎3. (很少) people can live to be 100 years old.‎ ‎4. You have done very (很少) for me.‎ ‎5.There is time left, Hurry up. ‎ ‎6.There is time left. Please don’t hurry. ‎ ‎7. Come in and have (一点)whisky.‎ ‎8.She has written many books but I have only read (少数).‎ ‎7、anyone=anybody, any one everyone=everybody, every one someone=somebody, some one合写一般指人，分写则人、物均可表示，另外合写后不接of, 分写则可接of。‎ We everyone should study hard. Every one of us should study hard.‎ ‎【注意】anyone, anybody表示任何人，anything表示任何事或物，强调个体；everyone表示每个人，everything表示每件事或物，强调全部。‎ ‎8. It 用法 ‎1. It is so noisy here.这儿吵死了。‎ ‎2. What time is it by your cell phone？ ‎ ‎3. It seldom snows in Guangzhou. ‎ ‎4. It’s about one kilometer from here to the park. ‎ ‎5. This is my new pen. I bought it yesterday. ‎ ‎6. —Whose exercise-book is that？ —It’s hers. ‎ ‎7. What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy？ ‎ ‎8. —Who is the man over there？ — It must be Jay. ‎ ‎9. It’s no use talking to him. ‎ ‎10. It is important that we learn English well. ‎ ‎11. I think it hard to win the game. ‎ ‎12. It is you that she loves, not me.‎ ‎13. I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation. ‎ ‎14. I hate it when you talk with me with your finger pointing me.‎ ‎15.It is high time that the baby went to bed.‎ ‎1. 基本用法 ‎1. 指环境情况、时间、天气、距离。(如1—4)‎ ‎2. 代替前文提到过的事物、前文的指示代词(that， this)。(如5—6)‎ ‎3. 指动物、性别不详的婴儿、猜测不确定的人。(如7，8)‎ ‎4. 用于表示感情的词的后边，如like love hate, appreciate（如13.14）‎ ‎4. 作形式主语(如9，10) it is +形容词+to do ‎ it is+名词+that…‎ ‎ it is+形容词+that…‎ ‎ it is+过去分词+that…‎ ‎ it +不及物动词+that…‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.形式宾语(如11) ‎ ‎ 复合宾语中含有不定式，从句或者短语时候，用it 做形式宾语 ‎5. 构成强调结构。it is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他(如12) ‎ ‎6. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 区分：It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气)‎ 练习：‎ ‎1.I find hard to get along with him.‎ ‎2. I make a rule to look after the old.‎ ‎3. I have make clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here .‎ ‎4. I hate when he calls me at work.‎ ‎5. was not until 11 o’clock that I went bed.‎ ‎6.It was not until I came here I realized that this place is famous for its beauty.‎ ‎7. is impossible for him to get there in time.‎ ‎8. Where is my dictionary? I left on the desk.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? ‎ A.that B.while C.in which D.then ‎ ‎2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? ‎ A.this B.that C.it D.he ‎ ‎3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. ‎ A.this B.that C.its D.it ‎ ‎4.Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? ‎ A.this B.that C.he D.it ‎ ‎5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. ‎ A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then ‎ ‎6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better. ‎ A.that B.this C.one D.it ‎ ‎7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. ‎ A.while B.which C.that D.since ‎ ‎8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. ‎ A.There B.This C.That D.It ‎ ‎9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty. ‎ A.until B.that C.then D.so ‎ ‎10. I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full. ‎ A.it B.that C.these D.them ‎ ‎11. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. ‎ A.one B.that C.what D.it ‎12.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎ ‎13. —Do you like ___ here? ‎ ‎—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全国卷) ‎ A. this B. These C. That D. it ‎ ‎14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全国卷) ‎ A. it B. One C. Himself D. another ‎ ‎15. The foreign Minister said, " _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."(2004北京) ‎ A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is ‎ ‎16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京) ‎ A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎ ‎17. — How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津) — ________, but usually once a week. ‎ A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking ‎ ‎20. It was ____ back home after the experiment. ‎ A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn't go ‎ C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn't go ‎ 改错 ‎1. The Greens tried his best to help me.‎ ‎2. I won’t forget the gift you sent I on my birthday.‎ ‎3. His parents went to New York last year, and none of them wrote letters to him.‎ ‎4. Would you like any coffee?‎ ‎5. The dog is always loyal to it’s owner.‎ ‎6. My glasses are missing, and I am looking for it.‎ ‎7. If you keep still, you can sit at every end of the boat.‎ ‎8. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money. 9. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place. 10. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.‎ 高考真题：‎ ‎1.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view .‎ ‎2.I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help . ‎ ‎3. I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. ‎ ‎4. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.‎ ‎5. Five minutes later.Tony saw parents..‎ ‎6.We must find ways to protect your environment. ‎ ‎7. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere.‎ ‎8. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. ‎ ‎10. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ ‎11.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand . ‎