2018高考英语完形填空解题技巧

2018高考英语完形填空解题技巧

完形填空解题技法指导 ‎(一)选材角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。选材多为具有一定故事情节的短文，一般按照时间线索行文，逻辑清晰，层次分明。‎ 题材上，选用贴近考生实际生活的语言材料。文章均富有思想性和教育性，常常通过生活琐事来预示人生哲理与人性，可读性较强。‎ ‎(二)挖空角度 首先，文章首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握。‎ 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。‎ 最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。‎ ‎(三)选项角度 同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这是拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，而主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。‎ ‎(四)考查角度 完形填空主要考查5个角度：上下文语义理解、语法结构及逻辑关系、习惯搭配及固定结构、词义辨析和生活常识及文化背景。‎ ‎(一)句内层次题 句内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所在的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。‎ ‎[典例1][2016·四川]On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter，as a surprise for her __42__.‎ ‎42．A.daughter　B．niece C．student D．friend ‎[典例2]My father had longed to play music since childhood，but his family was poor and couldn't __43__lessons.‎ ‎43．A.miss B．afford C．select D．understand ‎(二)句组层次题 句组层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所在的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组)才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系等三种。‎ ‎[典例][2016·天津]Cathy suffered some terrible __16__ in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment，she __17__(finally) became healthy.‎ ‎16．A.failure B．pressure C．loss D．illness ‎(三)语篇层次题 语篇层次类题目是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。这类题目主要考查考生的篇章分析能力。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。‎ ‎[典例][2016·四川]“How can you say it's __48__(boring)？Have you read it？”asked Aunt Dede.‎ ‎“No，it's too long and it doesn't have any __49__，”complained Lainey.‎ ‎“Oh，that's where you are __50__(wrong)；there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures；you just have to read the words to __51__(see) them.It's like magic.”‎ ‎49．A.pictures B．stories C．adventures D．conversations ‎1．通过“主旨大意”解题 在完形填空的解题中，考生对主旨大意的理解十分重要，记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的中心思想。因此，对主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解，特别是对长难句的分析和突破，从而提高解题的正确率。‎ ‎[典例]From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital (独奏演唱会)．A recital__36__I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers.Each year I__37__(would) ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”．And each year he'd shake his head，muttering (嘀咕)__38__(something) about building selfconfidence and working towards a__39__(goal)．‎ ‎36．A.reflected B．explained C．meant D．proved ‎2．通过“文化背景”解题 完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。‎ ‎[典例]__25__(Unfortunately)，Canadian medical schools did not __26__women students at the time.Therefore，Charlotte went to the United States to study __27__(medicine) at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to __28__(earn) her medical degree.‎ ‎26．A.hire B．entertain C．trust D．accept ‎3．通过“顾后信息”解题 众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。‎ ‎[典例]Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon__23__(continued) alone，he would probably get back__24__(safely)．‎ ‎21．A.hurriedly B．carefully C．successfully D．early ‎4．通过“瞻前信息”解题 这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。‎ ‎[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man __56__(backed off) and let them go to work.Then，Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or __58__(free) to go.They let him and the other man go.‎ ‎57．A.woman B．police C．man D．driver ‎5．通过“逻辑关系”解题 虽然高考完形填空越来越淡化对语法的考查，但一个语意连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间、地点、条件、方式、原因、让步等语法关联手段来实现，命题人常利用这些关联制造语境，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。‎ ‎　　　　‎ ‎[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]They told her to stay __52__(still) until the emergency personnel arrived，__53__ she thought the car was going to __54__(explode)．Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__(in case) she injured her neck.‎ ‎53．A.for B．so C．and D．but ‎6．通过“固定搭配”解题 在语言学习中，掌握词组和短语的用法是一项重要的技能要求。在高考完形填空的命题中，通常会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。考生需要运用所学词汇知识，结合综合语言运用能力来解题。‎ ‎[典例]At this store，a __42__(sight) like this is not normal.My 10yearold noticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__(outside) in the cold wind.‎ ‎43．A.suggestion B．comment C．decision D．call ‎7．通过“生活常识”解题 完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。‎ ‎[典例]By now medical staff had arrived，and were __40__the injured woman.We gave the flower to the woman's husband and I told him it was __41__(from) my son.At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you very much，” He then turned to me，“You have a __42__(wonderful) son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”‎ ‎40．A.checking with B．looking after C．operating on D．praying for ‎8．通过“先易后难”解题 完形填空中的20个小题总是有难易之分，建议考生先易后难。这样做的好处是：当大部分试题完成之后，文章的情节就基本完整，这样把握主旨大意，进而突破细节理解就成为可能，从而突破试题中相对较难的题目。‎ ‎[典例]Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring，but I__38__(managed) to catch a taxi to my__39__and settle in.Next morning，I took another__40__(taxi) to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.‎ ‎39．A.hospital B．company C．university D．accommodation ‎9．通过“排除错项”解题 在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出和语境最吻合、语义最衔接的一个选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。‎ ‎[典例]For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd __21__(eagerly) wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her__22__and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.‎ ‎22．A.patience B．presence C．intelligence D．influence ‎10．通过“平行结构”解题 文章中的意群总是会通过一定的逻辑关系纽带连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般说来，这些平行并列的结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要注意这一点。‎ ‎[典例]The first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.She was really small for her age of 12.The boys in my class often__36__about her and laughed their heads off.She would open a book，pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.‎ ‎36．A.joked B．cared C．forgot D．worried ‎　　　　‎