2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5

2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5

Unit 5 First Aid 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ According to a team of researchers，an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.‎ ‎“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，”commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.‎ The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant.Dogs，for example，have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.‎ One example of this phenomenon at work，the authors say，is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit.The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit.‎ Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland，who worked jointly on the research project，said in a statement，“Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly.Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains.Flies might not be deep thinkers，but they can make good decisions very quickly.”‎ In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey's(猎物)position.‎ Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.‎ ‎1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?‎ A．Pace of life of animals.‎ B．Time perception of animals.‎ C．Lifetime of small animals.‎ D．Impressive abilities of animals.‎ ‎2．What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2?‎ A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.‎ 7‎ B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.‎ C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.‎ D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.‎ ‎3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit?‎ A．They can think very deeply before they act.‎ B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.‎ C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it.‎ D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。‎ ‎1．B　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的话“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures”可知，Kevin Healy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．C　考查细节理解。根据第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible.‎ 答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that从句谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎2．________ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.‎ 答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的帮助下”。‎ ‎3．You'd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult 7‎ ‎ to find them.‎ 答案：in　in place “在适当的位置”。‎ ‎4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure.‎ 答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”，再由“there was ...”可知应用过去进行时，故填were watching。‎ ‎5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.‎ 答案：applied　从句为状语从句的省略形式。The new technology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。‎ ‎6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ 答案：be treated　treat和Men and women在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎7．His head had struck the wall and ________ (bleed)．‎ 答案：was bleeding　此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。‎ ‎8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons.‎ 答案：various　修饰名词reasons应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”，故填various。‎ ‎9．Television violence ________ (poison) the minds of young people.‎ 答案：is poisoning　表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。‎ ‎10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.‎ 答案：injured　get injured “受伤”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Two years ago, Dubuque‎, ‎Iowa, started its first annual “BacktoSchool Bash” program. It offered needy families an opportunity to learn about free __1__ in the community. Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids. He was __3__ two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his __4__ day, but he chose to __5__ his time and gave free haircuts to lowerclass kids on condition that the kids should __6__ their free haircuts by having to read a book to him.‎ The idea was so __7__ that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would __8__ a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud __9__ Holmes was doing their hair. After the haircuts, they'd review the book, from the ‎ 7‎ ‎ __10__ and vocabulary to the themes — just like in school, only more fun.‎ Holmes, who is married __11__ two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to __12__ with their kids. So he hopes to offer some __13__ in this way. And he admits he, __14__ , benefits from doing that.‎ There was a sevenyearold kid who __15__ stuttered (结巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and __16__. When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That __17__ Holmes to do more.‎ ‎ Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get __18__， he plans to restart his __19__ as the Storybook Barber. “Today's world is full of guns and violence，” he says. “The barbershop is a __20__ place for the kids to come and read books.”‎ ‎【文章大意】　本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。‎ ‎1．A.materials B．resources ‎ C．methods D．connections 答案与解析：B'根据上下文可知，社区给孩子们提供学习的免费资源。material“材料”；resource“资源”；method“方法”；connection“连接”。‎ ‎2．A.participate B．perform ‎ C．develop D．withdraw 答案与解析：A'根据下文的“by providing help to kids”可推知，Holmes决定参与这项活动。‎ ‎3．A.faced with B．caught in ‎ C．presented with D．engaged in 答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes同时从事了两份工作。be faced with “面临”；be caught in“处于困境”；present with“把……交给”；be engaged in“从事于”。‎ ‎4．A.happiest B．worst ‎ C．busiest D．best 答案与解析：C'根据上文的“as a barber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。‎ ‎5．A.spend B．waste ‎ C．save D．donate 答案与解析：D'根据空后的“gave free haircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的时间捐献出来，免费给贫穷人家的孩子理发。donate“捐献”。‎ ‎6．A.receive B．earn ‎ C．demand D．request 7‎ 答案与解析：B'根据下文“their free haircuts”的提示可推知，孩子们要通过读书才能挣得免费理发的权利，故选B，earn“挣得”。‎ ‎7．A.popular B．ordinary ‎ C．complex D．rigid 答案与解析：A'根据下文的“he continued it for the next two years”可推知，这项活动很受欢迎，因此Holmes在接下来的两年也坚持了下来。popular“受欢迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；complex“复杂的”；rigid“死板的”。‎ ‎8．A.put away B．take over ‎ C．pick up D．give out 答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，许多孩子会拿起书，坐在理发椅上，开始大声朗读。‎ ‎9．A.before B．after ‎ C．while D．until 答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，孩子们读书是在Holmes理发期间。while“在……期间”。‎ ‎10．A.kids B．heroines ‎ C．barbers D．characters 答案与解析：D'根据语境“they'd review the book”和“and vocabulary”可推知，孩子们回顾书中的角色和词汇。character“角色”。‎ ‎11．A.with B．to ‎ C．for D．about 答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，此处表示Holmes有两个儿子。with表示“有”的含义。‎ ‎12. A．stay B．read ‎ C．talk D．learn 答案与解析：B'根据上文的“read a book to him”及“read aloud”可知，此处表示并不是每个父母都有时间陪孩子一起读书的。‎ ‎13．A.guidance B．judgment ‎ C．assistance D．insurance 答案与解析：C'根据上文的“Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids”可知，Holmes希望通过这种方式来提供一些帮助。assistance“帮助”。‎ ‎14．A.again B．still ‎ C．then D．too 答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes在帮助他人的过程中自己也受益匪浅。‎ ‎15．A.usually B．hardly ‎ C．merely D．necessarily 7‎ 答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，有个七岁的孩子通常读得不流畅，故选A项。‎ ‎16．A.write B．practice ‎ C．remark D．reflect 答案与解析：B'根据下文的“When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems”可推知，这个七岁的孩子回家进行了练习，因此再读起来没有问题。‎ ‎17．A.surprised B．excited ‎ C．inspired D．impressed 答案与解析：C'根据语境“do more”可推知，Holmes受到了激励，从而做得更多。‎ ‎18．A.settled B．relaxed ‎ C．pleased D．refreshed 答案与解析：A'根据上文的“Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安顿下来，与下文重新开始自己原有的项目计划呼应。settle“定居”。‎ ‎19．A.ownership B．hobby ‎ C．promise D．role 答案与解析：D'根据上文的“working as a barber”及下文的“as the Storybook Barber”可推知，Holmes又重启自己的边读书边理发项目，扮演好自己的角色。‎ ‎20．A.secret B．safe ‎ C．rough D．crowded 答案与解析：B'根据“Today's world is full of guns and violence”可知，在这个纷乱的世界里，理发店可以作为孩子们读书的安全之地。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．I don't know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：the→a　此处表述“大量的问题出现了”。the number of ... “……的数量”；a number of “许多；大量的”，后接可数名词复数形式。‎ ‎2．Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉the　in place “在适当的位置”。‎ ‎3．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：make后加a　make a difference “有影响；起作用”。‎ 7‎ ‎4．He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个for→to　apply to sb. for ... “向某人申请……”。‎ ‎5．There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：whether→that　There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”。‎ 7‎