高考英语语法代词讲解

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高考英语语法代词讲解

考点知识全面总结 高频考点知识总结 一人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和疑问代词 ‎(一)人称代词 ‎1.当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。如:‎ It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?‎ 这孩子真可爱。是男孩还是女孩?‎ ‎2. 人称代词有时也可用作名词。如:‎ It’s not a she; it’s a he.‎ 那不是女孩是个男孩。‎ ‎3. 人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。如:‎ ‎---Glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。‎ ‎---Me, too. 我也是。‎ ‎4. 代词they(不分性别)代表一提到过的一些人或物,在口语中还可以代替he or she。此外,they还可泛指一般人。如:‎ The Browns phoned. They’re coming round this evening.‎ 布朗夫妇打电话了。他们今天晚上到。‎ If anyone arrives late, they’ll have to wait outside.‎ 谁要是迟到,谁就得在外面等着。(代替he or she)‎ They say we’re going to have a hot summer.‎ 据说今年夏天将会很热。(泛指一般人)‎ ‎(二)物主代词 物主代词即人称代词的所有个形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, theirs)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)‎ 1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。如:‎ This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。(作名词的定语)‎ ‎ Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗?(作动名词的定语或被称为动名词的逻辑主语)‎ 2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独做主语、宾语、表语;此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/ an/ this/ these/ those/ some/ any/ several/ no/ each/ every/ such/ another/ which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:‎ This is her coat. Mine is over there.‎ 这是她的大衣,我的(大衣)在那。‎ Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.‎ 我的一些朋友将参加我的生日聚会。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(三)反身代词 ‎1. 反身代词的基本用法 ‎ 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.‎ ‎ 作宾语 ‎ 介宾:The boy is old enough to take dare of himself.‎ 反身代词 ‎ 作表语:She is not quite herself today.‎ ‎ 做同位语:I myself can repair the bike.‎ 3. 含有反身代词的惯用语 与介词连用 You’ll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (亲自)‎ The computer can shut off of itself.(=naturally自动地)‎ Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.(本身,本质)‎ One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.(=for one’s own private use; not to be shared独自享用)‎ He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(=almost mad with anger/ excitement, etc. 由于气愤/ 激动等而发狂、忘形)‎ ‎(四)疑问代词 ‎1. what, who的区别 ‎ 一般来说,what问职业、地位;who问的是姓名或身份。如:‎ ‎—Who is that man? —He is her husband.‎ ‎—What is the man over there? —He is a doctor.‎ ‎2. which, what的区别 ‎ which是在一直范围内进行选择,后面可跟of短语;what是在未知范围内进行选择,后面不可跟of短语。如:‎ Which ( of the animals) is bigger, an elephant or a horse?(有范围)‎ What do you want to read?(无范围)‎ 3. whatever, whichever, whoever等的用法 whatever, whichever, whoever分别问what, which, who的强调形式,相当于what/ which/ who on earth,意为:到底(究竟)什么/ 哪一个/谁。如:‎ Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么?‎ Whoever gave you the book? 究竟是谁给你的书?‎ 4. what的习惯用法 ‎ the population? 人口是多少?‎ ‎ the distance? 距离是多远?‎ ‎ the price (of the book)? (书的) 价格是多少?‎ What is your address? 你住在哪里?‎ ‎ your attitude? 你的态度怎样?‎ ‎ the height/ weight/ the depth/ length/ width/ size?‎ ‎ 高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/大小是多少?‎ 二、不定代词 ‎(一)both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法 都 任何 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none 如:‎ ‎—When shall we meet again?‎ ‎—Make it any day you like: it’s all the same to me ‎—咱们什么时候再见面?‎ ‎—你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说,哪天都无所谓 ‎—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?‎ ‎—I’m afraid neither day is possible.‎ ‎—周一和周二你哪天能来?‎ ‎—恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。‎ ‎—Do you want tea or coffee? 你要茶还是要咖啡?‎ ‎—Either. I really don’t mind. (这两种)哪个都行,我都不介意。‎ ‎(二)none, nothing, nobody( no one)的区别 ‎1.none即可指人,也可指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句;nobody(no one)只能指人,且表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。如:‎ ‎—How much money do you have?你有多少钱?‎ ‎—None. 一点也没有。‎ ‎—What are you doing now? 你在做什么?‎ ‎—Nothing. 什么也没做。‎ ‎2. none 常与前面的some/ any/ every+名词连用;nothing往往与前面的something/ anything/ everything连用;no one往往与前面的somebody(one) / anybody(one) / everybody(one)连用。‎ 如:‎ ‎ If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none.‎ ‎ 如果我有钱的话,我就借给他一些,但不幸的是,我没钱。‎ 3. none后面可跟of短语,而something/ anything/ everything/ nothing和 ‎ someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。如:‎ As we were asleep , none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉,因此没人听到那声音。‎ None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.‎ 他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那还是秘密。‎ ‎(三)any, every的区别 ‎ Any+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中)任何”,即:这个或那个或那个;every+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”,即:这个和那个和那个。not any表全部否定,而not every+名词表部分否定。如:‎ ‎ I have many books here, and you can take any one.‎ ‎ 我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。‎ ‎ Every student has to take the examination. (= All the students have to take the examination.)‎ ‎ 每个学生都必须参加考试。‎ ‎(四)each, every的区别 each强调“个体”,可作代词和形容词,指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”;every强调“全体”,只能作定语,指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。Each作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,不可用not each表部分否定。如:‎ ‎ Each of my children goes to a different school.‎ ‎ 我的几个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。‎ ‎ Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars. = The tickets cost 10 dollars each. =The tickets each cost 10 dollars. ‎ ‎ 每张票十美元。(后面两句中each作同位语)‎ ‎ Every man is not honest. = Not every man is honest.‎ ‎ 并非每个人都诚实。‎ ‎(五)全部否定和部分否定 all, both, everyone/ everybody/ everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定;no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及no+名词都表示全部否定、但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们前还是后都表示部分否定,此外not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。‎ ‎(六)one, another, the other; some, others, the others的区别 一个/ 一些 另一个/一些 剩余的一个/ 一些 单数 one another the other 复数 some others the others 此外,the other只能加可数名词(单数或复数),不可加不可数名词;但另外一个短语the rest of(剩余的)后可以加复数名词,还可以加不可数名词;副词else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。‎ ‎(七)one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别 ‎ One用来代替前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/ an+可数名词;ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念,the one用来代替前面的特质的单数名词,有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下);the ones用来代替前面的特指的复数名词,有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下);that用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/ 不可数名词。如:‎ ‎ Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (= a present) that I have never seen.‎ ‎ Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=presents) that I have never seen.‎ ‎ The book on the desk is better than that/ the one (=the book) under the desk ‎ The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones (=the books) under the desk.‎ ‎ Few pleasures can equal that (=the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.‎ ‎(八)many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别 多 少 代表/ 加 复数名词 many few 代表/ 加 不可数名词 much little 肯定 否定 代表/ 加 复数名词 a few 几个 few 少 代表/ 加 不可数名词 a little一点 little少 ‎(九)与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型 ‎ He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一个职员。‎ ‎ He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员 ‎ He is someone/ something/ not anybody.‎ ‎ 他是个重要人物/ 出色的人物/ 普通的人。‎ ‎ She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives.‎ ‎ 她可以说是一位出色的医生,她已经救了很多人的命。‎ 三、it的用法 ‎(一)it 指代时间、距离、自然现象等,如:‎ ‎ It is half past two now. (指时间)‎ ‎ It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)‎ ‎ It was very cold in the room. (指温度)‎ ‎—A lovely day, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it. (指天气)‎ ‎(二)it 指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如:‎ ‎—Who is knocking at the door? (不明性别)‎ ‎—It’s me.‎ ‎—I’ve broken a plate.‎ ‎—It(=Breaking the plate)doesn’t matter. (前面所提到过的事情)‎ The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. (双方都明白的事情)‎ ‎(三)it可以做形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。如:‎ ‎ He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.‎ ‎ 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。‎ ‎ We think it no good reading in bed.‎ ‎ 我们认为躺在床上读书没有好处。‎ ‎ It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.‎ ‎ 据说他们都去看电影了。‎ ‎(四)it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,如:enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it。如:‎ ‎ I take it that you don’t agree with me.‎ ‎ 我的解释是:你不同意我的见解。‎ ‎ I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.‎ ‎ 有时,非得用法语打电话,我感到很讨厌。‎ ‎ I like it when she sings a song for me.‎ ‎ 我喜欢她为我唱歌。‎ ‎ I can’t help it if he is always late.‎ ‎ 如果他总迟到,我也没办法 ‎ I will appreciate it if you can help me.‎ 如果您能帮忙,我将不胜感激。‎ Please see to it that ( =make sure that) you bring enough money when you go out.‎ 出门时,务必带足了钱。‎ You can count on it that he is very smart.‎ 你就相信吧,他非常聪明。‎ As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.‎ 像某人所说的那样,熟能生巧。‎ ‎(五)it用于强调句型中(见特殊句式)‎ 易错易混知识总结 一、易混点归纳 (一) some,any及some-,any-,every-复合不定代词 1. some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句、疑问句。但在下列情况下多用some:‎ (1) some后接单数可数名词,意为“某一”时,相当于“a certain + 单数可数名词”;‎ (2) 在表示请求或邀请的句子中,期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时,通常用some,而不用any。‎ 2. any常用于下列肯定句中:‎ (1) 用于陈述句或祈使句中,后接可数名词单数形式表示“任何;无论哪一个”;‎ (2) 用于肯定的条件句中,意为“什么;一个(些)”;if any是固定词组,意为“如果有的话”。‎ Some,any,every常与-one,-body,-thing构成复合不定代词,与some,any,every用法基本相同。‎ (二) other,the other,another和others 指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。‎ 指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。‎ others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other + 复数名词”;the others相当于“the other + 复数名词”。‎ another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few时,则可接复数名词。‎ (三) both,either,neither,all和none both,neither和either都表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。both还可做同位语。both表示肯定,意为“两者都”;neither表示对两者的全部否定,意为“两者都不”;either表示两者中任何一个。‎ all和none表示三者或三者以上。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语,表示全部肯定。None可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语,表示全部否定。‎ all作主语,指人时看作复数,指事物时看作单数;none做主语,看作单复数皆可。‎ (四) one,ones,that和those one和ones表示泛指,代替上文提到的可数名词,one指代单数,ones指代复数,可有前置定语或后置定语,也可单独使用。如果其前面有定冠词the则表示特指。‎ that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,其后常有修饰语。those代替可数名词的复数。‎
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