高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练精品题目23

高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练精品题目23

‎2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练二轮精品题（23）及答案 阅读理解 There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. ‎ ‎　　In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.‎ ‎　　An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.‎ ‎　　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste（阶级） may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive society may ‎ result.‎ ‎16. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ ‎　 A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.‎ ‎　 B. To explain the science of economics.‎ ‎　 C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.‎ ‎　 D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.‎ ‎17. In the second paragraph, the underlined word “real” could best be replaced by _______.‎ ‎　 A. valuable B. concrete C. absolute D. reliable ‎18. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ______.‎ ‎　 A. rapid speed of transactions B. misunderstandings ‎　 C. inflation D. difficulties for the traders ‎19. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?‎ ‎　 A. Individual households. B. Small businesses.‎ ‎　 C. Major corporations. D. The government.‎ ‎20. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion（标准）for determining a person’s position in a traditional society?‎ ‎　 A. Family background B. Age ‎　 C. Religious beliefs. D. Custom ‎【参考答案】16—20、ABDDB 阅读理解---------C What would you do if you were lost in the dark forest at night? The first sensible lesson is that you shouldn’t bother trying to find your way in the dark at all, but just stay put until dawn. Because then you won’t trip over things? No, mainly because you’ll have an idea of direction. The sun rises in the east. But you will ‎ be amazed at how many people forget they know that. Apparently, the area underneath a holly bush provides a good makeshift shelter — they are thick, and evergreen. The next thing to do — or rather not to do — is panic, for the obvious reason that unless there is someone there to hear you scream, it will get you nowhere. Just try to think of nice, happy things.‎ There is always a point in films when a person who is lost in the desert or the snow, dehydrated(脱水的) and exhausted, comes across a set of their own footprints and realizes they have just walked in a huge, round circle. It is wrong to owe it to the unequal strengths or different lengths of your legs. Experiments prove that, without the sun or the moon (or landmarks) as a fixed guide, lots of small errors add up over time so the brain can’t correctly identify the “straight ahead” direction. To just get out of somewhere, pick a spot on the horizon and just head for it.‎ There are several ways to find directions in the dark, and by far the best is to establish north using the stars. Most people can identify the Plough, which is part of Ursa Major. It looks a lot like a saucepan. The Plough rotates through the sky, but let’s imagine the saucepan lying horizontally (水平地), with its handle on the left. You need to trace a line from the star at the right-hand base of the pan, through the star at the right-hand rim (边沿), and follow it upwards; the north star is roughly five times the distance between those two “pointer” stars. Then drop a vertical line from the North Star to the horizon and that’s north.‎ ‎“Tonight is very cloudy and I can’t see the Plough.” Maybe luckily, it is quite windy. Keep in mind that almost all of our weather comes from a south-westerly direction. (This only works if you are in the British Isles). To find the direction, you can throw light bits of dried-out grass in the air and see which way they blow; or, if there are clouds and patches of clear sky, see which way they blow across the stars. You can also get an idea of direction from leggy plants. If they look as if they have been blown over, they will probably be pointing north-east. If they are simply leaning in one direction as they grow, there’s a good chance that is ‎ south (they will be reaching towards the sun). The last thing to do is to judge your direction and off you go.‎ ‎12. What might be the best title of the passage ?‎ A. How to survive in the forest B. How to protect yourself in the forest ‎ C. How to direct your way out of the wild D. What to do if you are lost ‎13. Which of the following pictures matches the description of the position of the north star?‎ ‎14. Why will people often walk in a circle if they are lost in the desert or the snow?‎ A. Because without anything to refer to for directions, the brain will be confused by errors.‎ B. Because one of the legs is longer and stronger than the other.‎ C. Because the desert or the snow usually covers a large area for people to get across.‎ D. Because people usually feel dehydrated and exhausted in the desert or the snow.‎ ‎15. If you were lost in Taklimakan Desert in China, _________ would NOT be dependable for you to identify the directions.‎ A. the sun B. the North Star C. wind D. the moon 阅读理解----------C A baby born in India has been declared the world's seven billionth person by child rights group Plan International. Baby Nargis was born at 07:25 local time (01:55GMT) in Mall village in India's Uttar Pradesh state. Plan International says Nargis has been chosen symbolically as it is not possible to know where exactly the seven billionth baby is born. In addition to baby Nargis in India, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies. The United Nations estimated that on Monday 31 October, the world's population would reach seven billion.‎ Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia. At the same time, low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages.‎ Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999. They predict nine billion by 2050 and ten billion by the end of the century. China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India is second at 1.2 billion. But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025. ‎ India‎ will also have one of the world's youngest populations. Economists say this is a chance for a so-called demographic dividend. India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations. But economists say current rates of growth, although high, may not create enough jobs. Also, the public education system is failing to meet demand and schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished（营养不良）. ‎ Michal Rutkowski, the director of human development in South Asia at the World Bank, says reaching seven billion people in the world is a good time for a call to action. He says, "I think the bottom line of the story is that the public policy needs to become really, really serious about sex equality and about access to services -- to fight against malnutrition, and to provide for access to health services, water and schooling."‎ ‎11. What is true about the world's seven billionth person?‎ A. Baby Nargis is not the only child chosen as the seven billionth baby.‎ B. Baby Nargis has been chosen carefully so it is exactly the seven billionth baby C. Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all declared Baby Nargis as the seven billionth baby.‎ D. The United Nations declared Baby Nargis born in India's Uttar Pradesh state as the world's seven billionth person.‎ ‎12. Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?‎ A. Labor shortage.‎ B. Poor health care C. Not enough jobs D. schooling of poor quality ‎13. According to population experts, how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine billion?‎ A. About 12 years.‎ B. About 40 years.‎ C. About 50 years.‎ D. About 110 years.‎ ‎14. What does the underlined phrase “demographic dividend” in the fourth paragraph refer to?‎ A. Possibility of lower birth rate.‎ B. Benefit gained by working age people C. Chances for more employment.‎ D. Disadvantages caused by aging population.‎ ‎15. Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?‎ A. To encourage late marriage.‎ B. To reduce world’s population.‎ C. To gain economic equality.‎ D. To improve health and education.‎ ‎【参考答案】11—15、AACBD ‎ 阅读理解-----D Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.‎ The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.‎ Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.‎ The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.‎ Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.‎ The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan‎ ‎Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the ‎ Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."‎ ‎16. The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.‎ A. to set up ‎ B. to make people accept a belief C. to discover or prove ‎ D. to start having a relationship with others ‎ ‎17. How did the scientists reach the finding?‎ A. By studying Allan‎ ‎Hills meteorite.‎ B. By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.‎ C. By studying minerals gathered on Mars D. By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.‎ ‎18. According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?‎ A. Measuring the temperature of Mars.‎ B. Taking photos of the surface of Mars.‎ C. Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars.‎ D. Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars. ‎ ‎19. How did Allan‎ ‎Hills meteorite get its name?‎ A. From its original place on Mars.‎ B. From where it was found on the earth.‎ C. From the name of the scientist who found it.‎ D. From the name of the aircraft that discovered it ‎20. Where can we most probably read this passage?‎ A. In a biography of scientists.‎ B. In a geography magazine.‎ C. In an environment report.‎ D. In a science report.‎ ‎【参考答案】16—20、CABBD 阅读理解-----------D ‎ Have you got any wonderful plans for your coming winter vacation? Here are some wonderful films for you to kill time.‎ Away We Go ‎ With a baby on his way, a young couple, Burt and Verona, look at their lives and are puzzled about what they really want. So they hit the road and seek a place to call home. On their journey, they visit a handful of characters and learned a lot. ‎ It’s about taking the scenic route in life, preparing for the hope and excitement and fear of new beginnings, while never forgetting to look out of the window.‎ Orphan ‎ Esther, a bright and well-behaved child, however, is not as innocent as she appears. Soon after being taken home, the peace of her adoptive family is completely changed You want a good horror film about a child from hell? Then you got one! Do not, in any cases, take children to see it. ‎ ‎500 Days of Summer ‎ Tom is in love with Summer from the moment he sees her. Can he accept that she simply likes him for now, not for forever? The movie is about Tom wrestling with that reality. Tom remembers his love, Summer, as a series ‎2012‎ The director Roland Emmerich successfully dresses a corny story with an old Mayan prediction, which is believed by many to happen in the coming 2012 and as a result, attracts millions ‎ ‎ of joys and bafflements. But Summer is just herself and he cannot have her. ‎ Here is a rare movie that begins by telling us how it will end and is about how the hero has no idea why.‎ of people into the cinema. It’s just an entertaining Hollywood blockbuster(大片) with plenty of jokes, instead of a description of what the end of the world is really like. Don’t take it too seriously!‎ ‎8. This passage aims to __________.‎ A. make comments on films for a cinema B. introduce films for a film corporation C. recommend several films for fun D. advertise several films for a website ‎9. If you bring your seven-year-old sister to the cinema, which of the following film should you avoid?‎ A. Away We Go. B. Orphan. C. 2012. D. 500 Days of Summer.‎ ‎10. Among all the characters mentioned in the passage, who directed films in Hollywood?‎ ‎ A. Roland Emmerich. B. Tom and Summer. C. Burt and Verona. D. Esther.‎ ‎11. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Orphan is a comedy about Esther adopted by a kind family.‎ ‎ B. 500 Days of Summer is a romance with a happy ending.‎ ‎ C. Away We Go shows beautiful scenery on the young couple’s journey.‎ D. The ancient Mayan prediction is going to happen in 2012.‎