高考英语真题分类汇编专题05阅读理解解析版

高考英语真题分类汇编专题05阅读理解解析版

‎2016年高考试题分项解析之专题5‎ 阅读理解 ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860-1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson(1907-1964)‎ If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)‎ When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks(1913-2005)‎ On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.‎ ‎21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A. Her social work.‎ B. Her lack of proper training in law.‎ C. Her efforts to win a prize.‎ D. Her community background.‎ ‎22. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?‎ A. Her lack of proper training in law.‎ B. Her little work experience in court.‎ C. The discrimination against women.‎ D. The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?‎ A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks.‎ ‎24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.‎ C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎21 -24 A C D.C 考点：考查人物类短文阅读 ‎【技巧点拨 】细节理解题的解题可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标I】B Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and ‎ grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”‎ ‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎25. Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties. ‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of raise more children.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They bad little respect for their grandparent.‎ ‎28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own ‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them ‎ C. Sacrifice for their struggling children ‎ ‎ D. Get to know themselves better ‎【答案】‎ ‎25-28. A D C A 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 ‎【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28题中则根据it is wiser to say no推断出作者的立场。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标I】C ‎ I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. ‎ I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.‎ For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially ‎ going to save somebody’s life.‎ ‎29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17‎ A provider B delivery man ‎ C collector D medical doctor ‎30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice won't last any longer. 31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London        B. To NewarkC. To Providence     D. To Washington ‎【答案】‎ ‎29-31.B D.B ‎【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。‎ ‎30. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。‎ ‎31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选 B。‎ 考点：故事类短文阅读 4.【2016·全国新课标I】D ‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a ‎ person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some ‎ traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and ‎ suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A. It implies anger.‎ B. It promotes friendship.‎ C. It is culture-specific.‎ D. It is content-based.‎ 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A. The Chinese.‎ B. The French.‎ C. The Mexicans.‎ D. The Russians.‎ 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B. Break it while treating patients.‎ A. Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ B. Make use of its healing effects.‎ 35. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎【答案】‎ ‎32-35.C A D B 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 ‎5.【2016·全国新课标II】A What’s On?‎ Electric Underground ‎7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.‎ Gee Whizz ‎8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).‎ Simon’s Workshop ‎5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.‎ Charlotte Stone ‎8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.‎ ‎1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?‎ ‎ A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz.‎ C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.‎ ‎2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?‎ ‎ A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World ‎3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?‎ ‎ A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. ‎ C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.‎ ‎4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?‎ ‎ A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am. ‎ C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.‎ ‎【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文属于广告类短文，所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。‎ ‎ 在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。‎ ‎ 以本文为例，我们根据题干中“people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年龄段的人都能够从中获得笑声，直接定位第二则广告第三句This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择B项。‎ 考点：考查广告类阅读 ‎6.【2016·全国新课标II】B ‎ Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ ‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.‎ ‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.‎ ‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”‎ ‎ “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Oh, sure.”‎ ‎ “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”‎ ‎ “Nobody. I do it.”‎ ‎ “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Sure.”‎ ‎ “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”‎ ‎5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?‎ A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting ‎ C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design ‎6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. ‎ C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.‎ ‎7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. ‎ C. Difficulty. D. Burden.‎ ‎8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?‎ ‎ A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. ‎ C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.‎ ‎【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A ‎ ‎7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。‎ 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： ‎ ‎     Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.‎ ‎     从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。‎ ‎ 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。‎ ‎ 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如 Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．‎ ‎ 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎7.【2016·全国新课标II】C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ ‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ ‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ ‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ ‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.‎ ‎9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ ‎ A. To explain what they are. ‎ B.To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C. To stress the importance of reading. ‎ D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?‎ ‎ A. The book. B.An adventure. ‎ C.A public place. D. The identification number.‎ ‎11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ ‎ A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. ‎ C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.‎ ‎12. What is the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend ‎ C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books ‎【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。‎ 阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：      ‎ However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are ‎ seriously thinking about it. ‎ ‎     首先，it指上句中的the question，而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎8.【2016·全国新课标II】D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ ‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ ‎ A. They were made last week ‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries ‎ C. They were found by a cameraman ‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure ‎14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ ‎ A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton ‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander ‎15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ ‎ A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research ‎ C. Money making D. Treasure hunting ‎【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。‎ 干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： ‎ ‎1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 ‎ ‎2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 ‎ ‎3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 ‎ ‎4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎9.【2016·全国新课标III】A Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. http://www.cityopera.com.‎ Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. http://www.chamberorch.com.‎ Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.‎ College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.‎ Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. http://www.riverbendmusic.com.‎ ‎1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?‎ ‎ A. 241-2742. B. 723-1182.‎ ‎ C. 381-3300. D. 232-6220.‎ ‎2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?‎ A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.‎ ‎3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?‎ A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.‎ C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.‎ ‎4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?‎ A. It has seats in the open air.‎ B. It gives shows all year round.‎ C. It offers membership discounts.‎ D. It presents famous musical works.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.A ‎2.B ‎3.C ‎4.A 考点：广告类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则： 1．包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。 2．正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。 3．委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly,  may,‎ ‎ usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 4．同形项原则 几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。 5．常识项原则 在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。 6．因果项原则 阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。‎ ‎10.【2016·全国新课标III】B ‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”‎ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.‎ ‎“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.‎ ‎“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”‎ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.‎ ‎5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A. Two strangers joined her.‎ B. Her childhood friends came in.‎ ‎ C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D. Some people held a party there.‎ ‎6.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories ‎7.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ ‎ A. They live in big cities.‎ ‎ B. They are mostly women.‎ ‎ C. They come from real life.‎ ‎ D. They are pleasure seekers.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎5.A ‎6.D ‎7.C 考点：故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下： (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。 (2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。‎ ‎ (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。 常见问题形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests… (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means… (4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …‎ ‎11.【2016·全国新课标III】C If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.‎ ‎ It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has ‎ caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.‎ ‎ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.‎ ‎ There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.‎ ‎ At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.‎ ‎ Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.‎ ‎8.What can people do at the apple events?‎ ‎ A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.‎ ‎ C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.‎ ‎9.What can we learn about Decio?‎ A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.‎ ‎ C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.‎ ‎10.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?‎ ‎ A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.‎ C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.‎ ‎11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To show how to grow apples.‎ B .To introduce an apple festival.‎ C. To help people select apples.‎ D. To promote apple research.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎8.D ‎9.C ‎10.B ‎11.B ‎11.B写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。‎ 考点：生活故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第11题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的活动。 2‎ ‎、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。‎ ‎12.【2016·全国新课标III】D Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎ “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ ‎ Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ ‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” ‎ ‎12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A. News reports. B. Research papers.‎ C.Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations．‎ ‎13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A. They’re socially inactive.‎ B. They’re good at telling stories.‎ C. They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D. They’re careful with their words.‎ ‎14.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?‎ A . Sports new. B. Science articles.‎ C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.‎ ‎15 .What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B .Online News Attracts More People C. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks ‎【答案】‎ ‎12.A ‎13.C ‎14.B ‎15.D 考点：风俗文化类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有： 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ‎ ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________. 不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。‎ ‎13.【2016·北京】A Dear Alfred, ‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.‎ While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.‎ Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.‎ This is why you’re saving my life.‎ Yours,‎ Tanis ‎56.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?‎ A.She had learned enough about computer science B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed C.She preferred taking online courses D.She was too slow to learn ‎57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.‎ A .working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students ‎58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.‎ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession ‎ C .show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far ‎【答案】‎ ‎56.B ‎57.A ‎58.C 考点：人物故事类短文阅读 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题的类型：‎ ‎1、直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。56、57题都可以直接在文中找到有关信息。‎ ‎ 2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。 3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 5、图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。‎ ‎14.【2016·北京】B Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)‎ Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to ‎ elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie’s choice was to help.‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ ‎59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.‎ A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering ‎60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?‎ A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild B.The people trapped in high_rise building C.The volunteers donating money to survivors D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people ‎61.How did Natalie help the survivors?‎ A.She gave her toys to the kids B.She took care of younger children C.She called on the White House to help D.She built an information sharing platform ‎62.What does the story intend to tell us?‎ A.Little people can make a big difference B.A friend in need is a friend indeed C.East or West,home is best D.Technology is power ‎【答案】‎ ‎59.B60.A61.D62.A ‎59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。‎ 考点：人物故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。‎ ‎ 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。‎ ‎15.【2016·北京】C California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.‎ Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. ‎ ‎ Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”‎ ‎63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .‎ A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wild C.are found on in California D.almost died out in the 1980s ‎64.Researchers have found electrical lines are.‎ A.blocking condors’ journey home ‎ B. big killers of Califorbnia condoras C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away ‎65.According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning.‎ A.makes condors too nervous to fly ‎ B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds ‎66.The passage shows that .‎ A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem ‎【答案】‎ ‎63.D64.B65.D66.C 考点：环保类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。 推理判断题的解题方法 ： 推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。 任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。‎ ‎16.【2016·北京】D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the ‎ necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral ‎68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.‎ A.change B.choice C.text D.extension ‎69.According to the author,what role should college play?‎ A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students ‎ D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development ‎70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎67.B68.A69.D70.C 考点：教育类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 I.三类篇章结构题的出题方式 ‎1. 结构识辨:此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ l How is the text organized?‎ l The author develops the passage mainly by________.‎ l The text is mainly developed in the order of________.‎ l Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? ‎ ‎2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：‎ The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________.‎ ‎3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?[学优]‎ Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?‎ II.解题策略 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，‎ 具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。‎ 1) 记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。‎ 2) 议论文总体上可以分为四类：‎ 第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；‎ 第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；‎ 第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；‎ 第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。‎ ‎ 3) 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。‎ ‎17.【2016·天津】A A Language Programme for Teenagers Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.‎ Our Courses Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas----speaking, listening, reading and writing.‎ Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).‎ Course Type Days Number of Lesson Course Timetable Standard Course Mon－Ｆｒｉ ‎２０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ ‎９：００－１２：３０‎ Intensive Course Mon－Ｆｒｉ ‎２０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ ‎９：００－１２：３０‎ ‎１０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ ‎１３：００－１４：３０‎ Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ　ａｒｅ　placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.‎ Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.‎ Arrivals and Transfer Our programme offers the full package—students are take good care of from the start through to ‎ the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full details at least 4 weeks in advance. ‎ Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.‎ We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.‎ ‎36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?‎ ‎ A. It is less effective.‎ ‎ B. It focuses on speaking.‎ ‎ C. It includes extra lessons.‎ ‎ D. It give you confidence ‎37. When can a student attend Standard Course?‎ ‎ A. 13:00-14:30 Monday.‎ ‎ B. 9:00-12:30 Tuesday ‎ C. 13:00-14:30 Friday.‎ ‎ D. 9:00-12:30 Saturday.‎ ‎38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _____.‎ ‎ A. take a language test ‎ B. have an online interview ‎ ‎ C. prepare learning materials ‎ D. report their language levels ‎39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to_____.‎ ‎ A. inform students of their full flight details ‎ B. look after students throughout the programme ‎ C. offer students free sightseeing trips ‎ D. collect students’ luggage in advance ‎40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?‎ A. Cooked dinner.‎ B. Mealtime dessert.‎ C. Packed lunch.‎ D. Special diet.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置，学习生活方面的要求。‎ ‎36.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据表格的第三行Intensive Course内容，可知，加强课程和标准课程的不同在于它包括额外的课程。故选C。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎37.【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据表格的第二行２０　ｌｅｓｓｏｎｓ９：００－１２：３０可知，学生可以在星期二的9点到12点半参加标准课程。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎38.【答案】A ‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎39.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据Arrivals and Transfer这部分里面的第一句Our programme offers the full package—students are take good care of from the start through to the very end.，可知，如果是full package，课程的组织者应该在整个课程的过程中照顾学生。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎40.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据最后一段的最后一句话Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.，可知，特殊的饮食可能要额外付款。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇广告布告类阅读理解，这种题目一般是比较简单的，考查细节题为主。可以使用信息筛选法做题。‎ 为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目在文中寻读的方法找到信息句，理解并找出正确答案。如37题，题目问：标准课程和加强课程的不同，而文章里面的表格明显是区分这两种课程的，这时主要分析这两个课程的差异，答案是很明显的。‎ ‎18.【2016·天津】B Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.‎ My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.‎ I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”‎ I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).‎ But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.‎ My son ,with other motorheads,fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from ajunkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.‎ Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. ‎ These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. ‎ I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. ‎ My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.‎ ‎41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?‎ A. To avoid becoming his clone.‎ B. To resemble him in appearance.‎ C. To develop in a different direction.‎ D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.‎ ‎42. What can we learn about the author’s children?‎ A. His daughter does better in school.‎ B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.‎ C. His son tried hard to finish homework.‎ D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.‎ ‎43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.‎ A. His son had the ability to fix it.‎ B. it would save him much time.‎ C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help.‎ ‎44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.‎ A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude ‎45. What did the author realize in the end?‎ A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.‎ B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.‎ C. Architects play a more important role than builders.‎ D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。‎ ‎41.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could accomplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎42.【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎43.【答案】C 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎44.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据倒数第三段的句子These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are in living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人兴奋的，聪明的。故选B。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎45.【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。‎ 做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.‎ 可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。‎ ‎19.【2016·天津】C ‎ When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎ These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ ‎ Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎ The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”‎ ‎46. What do we know about John?‎ A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B. He had few childhood playmates.‎ C. He received little love from his family.‎ D. He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.‎ A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men ‎48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.‎ A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability ‎49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid ‎50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D. Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。‎ ‎46.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第一段的句子He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.，可知，John喜欢他的事业和婚姻。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎47.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of ‎ society，可知，第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎48.【答案】C 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎49.【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显），结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。‎ 考点：考查词义猜测。‎ ‎50.【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力，虽然是考试题，学生应该有兴趣阅读，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。‎ 做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个词的定义，分析这篇阅读的49题，要求判断sharp的含义，这个词不是陌生的单词，高中教材上出现过，它的意思是“锋利的，尖锐的，敏捷的，聪明的”，但是代入后，发现这些意思都不符合，而结合所在句子，特别是下文的Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知和上文的观点是一致的，也就是这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显。答案也不难得出。‎ ‎20.【2016·天津】D ‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ ‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.‎ ‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ ‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .‎ A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure ‎52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A. Writing essays in strict order.‎ B. Building up physical strength.‎ C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D. Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A. Before starting a difficult task.‎ B. When all the solutions fail.‎ C. If the job is rather boring.‎ D. After finding a way out.‎ ‎54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .‎ A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution ‎55. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。‎ ‎51.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第一段的句子In the former case, we keep putting off a task，可知，有启动疲惫的人更可能拖延任务。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎52.【答案】D 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎53.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第五段的句子Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again，可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎54.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第五段的最后一句话however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.，可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎55.【答案】C 考点：考查标题判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容不是学生非常熟悉的，篇幅适中较长，要求学生快速阅读材料，在掌握文章大意的前提下答题。考查题型以理解细节题为主，还要学生结合文章主旨给出适当的标题，这些不是某个句子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。‎ 这篇文章最后一题就是标题判断题。学生对标题判断题不能很好的把握，主要还是没有弄清主旨，分析四个选项都出现了关键词Fatigue，但是A项说：成功是建立在疲惫的基础上，显然和文章内容矛盾，B项是怎么处理表现疲惫，明显不够全面，D项虽然也讲的是疲惫，但是将它定义为健康问题的迹象，这和文章内容不符。通过全篇正确理解不难得出答案。‎ ‎21.【2016·上海】(A)‎ ‎ One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.‎ ‎ “Is it good?” I asked her.‎ ‎ “Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.‎ ‎ “‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:‎ She never puts her toys away,‎ ‎ Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,… ①散乱的 The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:‎ When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重 ‎ I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的 ‎ And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地 And I’ll be sad. ‎ ‎ A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.‎ ‎ “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.‎ ‎ To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying. ‎ ‎ “What’s wrong?” my mother asked.‎ ‎ “Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”‎ ‎ She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”‎ ‎ “Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.‎ ‎ I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.‎ ‎66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?‎ ‎ A. It was a thick enough book.‎ ‎ B. Something on its cover caught her eye.‎ ‎ C. Her mother was reading it with interest.‎ ‎ D. It has a meaningful title.‎ ‎67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.‎ ‎ A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused ‎68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.‎ ‎ A. it reflected her own childhood ‎ B. it was written in simple language ‎ C. it was composed by a famous poet D. it gave her a hint of what would happen ‎69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.‎ ‎ A. discover the power of poetry ‎ B. recognize her love for puzzles ‎ C. find her eagerness to grow up ‎ D. experience great homesickness ‎【答案】66. B    67. A    68. D    69. A    ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 ‎ 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意： ‎ ‎（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 ‎ ‎（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 ‎ ‎（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。‎ ‎22.【2016·上海】（B）‎ ‎ Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.‎ ‎3.5℃‎ This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.‎ ‎2℃‎ To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.‎ ‎1.5℃‎ This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.‎ ‎0.8℃‎ This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.‎ ‎0℃‎ The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.‎ ‎70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.‎ A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?‎ A. The human population would increase by one third.‎ B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.‎ C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.‎ D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.‎ ‎72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.‎ A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃‎ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃‎ ‎【答案】70. D 71. D    72. B    ‎ ‎71.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段To meet this minimum goal 可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：‎ ‎ 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 ‎ ‎  2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 ‎ ‎  3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 ‎ ‎  4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。‎ 以本文为例，第四段1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度上升不超过1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。‎ 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： ‎ ‎  1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 ‎ ‎  2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 ‎ ‎  3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。   ‎ ‎ 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 ‎ ‎  5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎23.【2016·上海】(C)‎ ‎ Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.‎ ‎ The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has ‎ blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.‎ ‎ “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.‎ ‎ It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.‎ ‎ Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.‎ ‎ Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.‎ Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. ‎ ‎ The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.‎ ‎73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?‎ A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.‎ B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.‎ C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.‎ D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.‎ ‎74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.‎ A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models ‎75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.‎ A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of ‎76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.‎ A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark D. avoid providing too much personal information ‎77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Say no to social media?‎ B. New security rules in operation?‎ C. Accept without reading?‎ D. Administration matters!‎ ‎【答案】73. A    74. B    75. D    76. B    77. C ‎74.B 推理判断题。根据第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”可知Nigel Shadbolt认为如果我们去做相关调查，人们会认为他们会很注意这些认证标记的。故B项正确。‎ ‎75.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知我们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故D项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文属于主旨大意题。主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。‎ 文章标题的选择或拟定 ‎ ‎1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系； ‎ ‎2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何； ‎ ‎3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小； ‎ ‎4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。 ‎ ‎ 要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。 ‎ 比如某一文章的中心句子为：‎ Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. ‎ 话题：Coffee ‎ 控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world ‎ 标题：Coffee Around the World ‎ 以为例, 现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。C项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文章中心思想。‎ 考点：考查社会现象类阅读 ‎24.【2016·四川】A Basketball Statistician Help Wanted The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:‎ l Good computer skills l Available evenings and weekends l Knowing basketball rules and statistics Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.‎ l TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308‎ l Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589‎ l Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273‎ l Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-6915‎ ‎1.When will the job start?‎ A .In May 2016B. In May 2017‎ C.In September 2016D. In September2017‎ ‎2.Who is more likely to get job?‎ A.Sam,English major ,member of the college basketball team B.Judy,IT staff with night classes,children’s basketball team coach C.Ted,computer major, basketball fan,free on evenings and weekends D.Molly,part_time programmer,high school basketball player ,new mother ‎3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?‎ A.MichaelB.JorgeC.GauriD.Gary ‎【答案】1. C 2. C 3.B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。比如第3小题B 细节理解题。根据第二段中Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589。可知B项符合题意。故选B。‎ 考点：考查广告类阅读 ‎25.【2016·四川】B ‎ If you could have one superpower, what would it be?‎ ‎ Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.‎ ‎ Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.‎ They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.‎ We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not start now?‎ Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.‎ ‎4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Your life style.‎ B. Your life value.‎ C. Your trouble in life.‎ D. Your life experience.‎ ‎5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day?‎ A. They possess different kinds of superpowers.‎ B. They have got the power to change the world.‎ C. Some people around them are making the world better.‎ D. There are many powerful people in their life and work.‎ ‎6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?‎ A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.‎ B. Rising above self and acting to help others.‎ C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.‎ D. Trying your best to help the poor.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.‎ B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.‎ C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.‎ D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. ‎ ‎【答案】4.B5.C 6.B 7.A ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude  indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如第7小题A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选A。‎ 考点：考查日常生活类阅读 ‎26.【2016·四川】C ‎ In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(‎ 土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎8. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ ‎ A. They seldom follow the French law.‎ ‎ B. They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C. They are separated from the modern world.‎ ‎ D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎9.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.‎ A. a tour guide ‎ B. a geographer C. a film director ‎ D. a photographer ‎10. What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A. Cautious.‎ ‎ B. Doubtful.‎ C. Uninterested.‎ ‎ D. Appreciative.‎ ‎11.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. The modern French lifestyle.‎ ‎ B. The self-supporting hunting.‎ C. The uncivilized hunting.‎ ‎ D. The French Republic.‎ ‎【答案】8.A 9.D 10.D 11.A ‎10.D推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,”我对法国Guianese人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。所以他对法国Guianese人是心存感激的，故选D。‎ ‎11.A词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,被法兰西共和国提供的生活风格，可知后面的定语从句中it指现代法国的生活风格。故选A。‎ 考点：考查风土人情类阅读 ‎27.【2016·四川】D A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ ‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ ‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ ‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ ‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ ‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ ‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ ‎ Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.‎ ‎ A. started sleep more easily ‎ B. were more anxious ‎ C. were less active ‎ D. woke up later ‎13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ ‎ A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years ‎ ‎ B. It can make people more energetic ‎ C. It exists in milk in great amount ‎ D. It’s used in sleeping drugs ‎14. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Night Milk and Sleep ‎ ‎ B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health ‎15.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ ‎ A. By giving examples.‎ ‎ B. By stating arguments.‎ ‎ C. By explaining statistical data.‎ ‎ D. By providing research results.‎ ‎【答案】12.B 13.D 14.A 15.D ‎15.D推理判断题。根据前三段But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.一项研究表明-----；Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，---； The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 来自汉城的研究者----。可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第14小题A主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知A项符合题意。‎ 考点：考查健康类阅读 ‎28.【2016·浙江】A ‎ “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.‎ ‎ With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”‎ ‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can ‎ tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ ‎ Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.‎ ‎41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .‎ A.introduce a topic B.present an argument ‎ C.describe the characters D.clarify his writing purpose ‎42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it.‎ A.breaks up relationships ‎ B.embarrasses the listener C.spreads information around D.causes unpleasant experiences ‎43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it.‎ A.gives them a feeling of pleasure B.helpl them to make more friends ‎ C.makes them better at telling stories D.enables them to meet important people ‎44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .‎ A.provide students with written rules B.help people watch their own behaviors C.force school to impove student handbooks D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎45.What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A.Never become a gossiper B.Stay away from gossipers C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies D.Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。‎ ‎41. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip. （我们的话题很多都是闲话），可知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题， 故选A。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎42. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.，可知主要危害是他会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎43. 【答案】A 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎44. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎45. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 可知，作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【方法点拨】‎ 这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?‎ ‎1. 关键词定位法。‎ 这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。如43题的信息句是The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，和选项A里面的a feeling of pleasure对应。还有44题，题干中的Professor David Wilson可以定位到第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，所以答案是B。‎ ‎2. 自然段定位法。‎ 即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。如41题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。‎ ‎29.【2016·浙江】B Below are search record from a university library’s database ‎ ‎ Quick Search l Category l Full Text l Advanced Refine Your Search Remove all them Year Published ‎2016( 9 )‎ ‎2015( 90 )‎ ‎2014( 290 )‎ ‎2013( 118 )‎ ‎2012(62 )‎ Show more……‎ Language English(637 )‎ German(2)‎ Category Education(639)‎ Social Science(27)‎ Medicine (15)‎ Psychology(11)‎ Language/Linguistics (10)‎ Show more…..‎ ‎ Search full text books for children ‎ Displaying 1 to 100 of 639 titles for children where Category is Education Build it ,Make it ,Play it ! Guides for Children and Teens Bomhold Catharine ;Elder Terri,2004 l ABC-CLIO Series: Children’s and Young Adult Literature Reference Available For busy librarians and educators ,finding instructions for projects ,activities ,sports ,and games that children and teens ‎ will find interesting is a constant challenge, This guide is a time-saving,one-stop….‎ Read this book l View details l Add to Collection Circle Time for Young Children Mosley Jenny,2014 l Taylor and Francis Series: Essential Guides for Early Years Practitioners Available Jenny Mosley’s quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetable process ‎ Of circle-meeting for adults and children ,As a basis for teaching relationship skills, building up self-esteem…..‎ Read this book l View details l Add to Collection ‎ ‎ Connecting Animals and children in Early Childhood Selly Patty Born,2014 l Redleaf Press Available Understand the value of connecting animals and children .From familys pets and wild animals to toys ,stuffed animal ,and media images ,animals are a central part of every child’s world .This book examines….‎ ‎ Read this book l View details l Add to Collection Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young People ‎ Matsumoto Mitsuko; Brool Colin,2013 l Bloomsbury Publishiing Series: Education as a Humanitarian Response ‎ Available Do street children go ti school ,and if not ,why not? What kind of ‎ education can be ‘meaningful’ to young people affected by conflict? The contributors explore groups of children and young people who have….‎ Read this book l View details l Add to Collection Children with School problme:A Physkian’s Manual The children paediatric Society; Andrews Debra;Mahoney WilliamJ,2012 I wiley Available The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children.1 to 10 Canadians have a learning disability,and doctors must be able to idcntify,diagnose,trear,and manage children…‎ Read this book I view details I Add to Collection Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning In Children’s Lives Campbell Patricia Shehan,1989 I Oxford University Press Available This book explores the intrest and needs of children in their expressed thounts and actual “musicking”behaviours, This text examines the songs they sing,the ryhthms…‎ Read this book I view details I Add to Collection ‎ Young Children as Artists:Art and Design in the Earty Years and Kay Stage 1‎ Tutchell Suzy 2014 I Taylor Francis Available From the monment a child is bom,they intctract with the world,looking at colours,feeding texrures;constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience.Within all early years…‎ Read this book I view details I Add to Collection Big Ideas for Littles Kids:TEAching Philosophy Through Children’s Liferature Wartnberg Thomas E.2014 I Rowman&Littlefield Publishers Available Big Ideas for Little Kids includes everything a teacher,or a college student needs to teach philosophy to elementary school children from picture books.Written in a clear and accessible ‎ style…‎ Read this book I view details I Add to Collection ‎46.Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills,you may want to read.‎ A.Circle Time for Young Children B. Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manual C.Education and Disaddvantaged Children and Young People D.Build It,Make It,Do It,Play It! Guides for Children and Teens ‎47.Which book would you recommend to someone interested inchildren’s mental images?‎ A.Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.‎ B.Songs in Their Heads:Music and Its Meaning in children’sLives.‎ C.Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through children’s Literature.‎ D.Young Children as Artists:Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1. 48.How many books published in 2015 are found in this search?‎ A. 9. B.90. C.118. D.290.‎ ‎49. Children with School Problems:A Phsysician’s Manua lis most likely intended for.‎ A. educators B. librarians C. doctors D.artists ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了图书馆网页上一些书本的信息。‎ ‎46. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据Circle Time for Young Children部分的句子As a basis for teaching relationship skills，可知这本书和孩子的社交技巧有关，故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎47. 【答案】D 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎48. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据侧边栏的Year Published下的2015（90），可知有90本书是2015年出版的。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎49. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据Children with School Problems部分的The physician’s guide to diagnosing and treating learning disabilities in children.可知这本书介绍了如何诊断治疗孩子的病症，是给医生读的资料，故选C。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】阅读中的细节理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。‎ 细节理解题主要的答题策略有：‎ ‎（1）细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。本题中的48小题就是一一对应型，解题时不需要通读全文，带着48题题干的关键词in 2015找到文章中的相应内容2015（90），即可找到正确答案B。（2）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。本题中的47题，首先根据题干的mental images定位到they interact with the sensory world, looking at colours, feelings textures, constructing mental and physical images of what they see and experience.这句话，再追溯到这本书的名字Young Children as Artists可以得出答案D。‎ 考点：考查广告应用文阅读 ‎30.【2016·浙江】C A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.‎ Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the ground---and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).‎ Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has. for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.‎ ‎ Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”‎ ‎50. According to some developmental psychologists, ‎ A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.‎ B. scientific research into babies; games is possible C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment ‎51.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ‎ A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently B. scientists and babies often interact with each other C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do ‎52. Children may learn the rules of language by ‎ A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors ‎53. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?‎ A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.‎ B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.‎ C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.‎ D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.‎ ‎54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?‎ ‎ A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。‎ ‎50. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第一段的but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think，可知心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎51. 【答案】D 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎52. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第三段的句子For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering and finally overturning a theory可知孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎53. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据最后一段的句子viewing childhood development as scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好的了解科学，故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎54. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据作者在文中的用词appear to和may来弱化绝对性的表达，和通过引用其他人的观点some psychologist suggest/argue that 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 阅读理解有时理解文章的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子很难理解文章的大意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章中的长句。‎ 句子1：It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it.‎ 这句话使用分号连接两个并列分句，前面的分句使用It is likely that这个句型，还有knowing…作伴随状语，后面的分句是nor+倒装句的结构。‎ 句意：可能孩子不是天生就知道宇宙的基本事实，他们也没有被清楚的教过。‎ 句子2：For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.‎ 这句话使用强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory,这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意这个句式。主干部分中idea后面是同位语从句，from后面还有宾语从句。‎ 句意：例如，它可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿会接受其他人可以和他/她有不同的意见和愿望的想法。‎ 考点：考查说明类短文阅读 ‎31.【2016·浙江】D Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.‎ My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.‎ ‎ It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.‎ ‎ “It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”‎ I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”‎ ‎ I was desperate.‎ ‎“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.”‎ ‎“By the time I make enough it’ll bu gone!”‎ ‎“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.‎ ‎“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”‎ ‎“There might be another way,” she said.‎ And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting ‎ things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….‎ Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.‎ And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”‎ ‎55.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?‎ A. The children enjoyed doing housework.‎ B.The author came from s well-off family ‎ C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.‎ ‎56.When the author saw the basket in the window,she .‎ A. fell in love with it B. stared at her mother C. recognized it at once D.went up to the bike guy ‎57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?‎ A. She longed to do extra work. B. She was eager to have the basket.‎ C.She felt tired after standing too long. D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.‎ ‎58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was ‎ A..something she could afford B.something important to her C.something impossible to get D.something she could do without ‎59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that ‎ A. something spoiled her paying plan B. the basket cost more than she had saved C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind ‎60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?‎ A. Save money for a rainy day B. Good advice is beyond all price.‎ C. Earn your bread with your sweat D. God helps those who help themselves ‎【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。作者回忆自己母亲对孩子不寻常的教育方法。通过一个自行车篮子的事情，母亲教会作者什么事情都要自力更生，通过自己努力得到的东西才是珍贵的。‎ ‎55. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.可知，作者的母亲用不寻常的方法教育孩子。故选C。‎ 考点：考查推理判断 ‎56. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第三段的句子and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.可知，当作者在橱窗里面看见这个篮子就喜欢上了它。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解 ‎57. 【答案】B 考点：考查推理判断 ‎58. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第十二段的句子(washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的，使用“naked”这个词，说明这个篮子对她是重要的东西。故选B。‎ 考点：考查推理判断 ‎59. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。故选D。‎ 考点：考查推理判断 ‎60. 【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章内容可知，作者的妈妈教育作者要通过自己的努力获得想要的东西，也就是Earn your bread with your sweat。故选C。‎ 考点：考查主旨大意 ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以推理判断题为主，推理判断题不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。‎ 做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的55题，问：我们可以从前两段得出什么？第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not replaced.告诉我们作者的母亲教育孩子时使用的不寻常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59题，题目问：对作者什么是可怕的事情？文章没有直接表明，而是通过第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。所以答案是D。‎ ‎32.【2016·江苏】A Day school Program Secondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at their day school.‎ The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education These on-line courses ‎ are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers are part of the TDSB Student’s time table; and appear on the Student’s report upon completion Benefits of e-Learning Include:‎ Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school ‎ Using technology to provide students with current information: and.‎ assistance to solve timetable conflicts Is e-Learning for You?‎ Students who are successful in on-line course are usually;‎ ‎ able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities; ‎ ‎ capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner; and ,‎ able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.‎ ‎56. E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that .‎ A. they are given by best TDSB teachers.‎ B. they are not on the day school timetable.‎ C. they are not included on students’ reports.‎ D. they are an addition to TDSB courses.‎ ‎57. What do students need to do before completing e-learning courses?‎ A. To learn information technology on-line.‎ B. To do their assignments independently.‎ C. To update their mobile devices regularly.‎ D. To talk face to face with their teachers.‎ ‎【答案】56. D 57. B ‎ ‎56.D 推理判断题。根据Benefits of e-Learning部分Include:Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school.可知该网络学习涵盖一些TDSB学校里没有的课程。也就是说E-Learning中的一些课程是TDSB课程的一些有益的补充。故D项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在完成广告类阅读时，我们可以使用题干定向法和排除法解题。‎ ‎1.题干定向法： 如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个“ 处理”是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等等。 ‎ 以为例根据题干内容，定位于Benefits of e-Learning部分Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school可知E-Learning中的一些课程是TDSB课程的一些有益的补充。‎ ‎2.错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除， 但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其是那些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要看它是否回答了问题的主要方面， 也就是说看它是不是最佳答案， 如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。 ‎ 考点：考查广告类阅读 ‎33.【2016·江苏】 B ‎ Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.‎ ‎ In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.‎ Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.‎ There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social ‎ intelligence.Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.‎ ‎58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?‎ ‎ A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.‎ B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.‎ C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.‎ D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.‎ ‎59. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____.‎ ‎ A. have the instinct to help others B. know how to offer help to adults C. know the world better than chimps D. trust adults with their hands full ‎60. The passage is mainly about ____.‎ ‎ A. the helping behaviors of young children B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature D. the development of intelligence in children ‎【答案】58.A 59.A 60.C ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于主旨大意题。本文使用了正方形写作法。即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（自然段少的文章中心句不很明显。自然段多的文章，则比较好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的选项），文章段落的中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了。掌握了找主题句或中心句的方法，就可以依据主题句或中心句归纳主题。‎ 考生要特别注意： 首段陷阱。即首段虽然貌似主题句或中心句，但却没有完整概括文章全意，或只片面地说到文章的某一个层次，或者是作者设置的几个需要读者判定的文意。这样的信息用来做主题句或中心句就会落入陷阱。以本文为例：本文的第一段只是一个导入的段落，从第一段中猩猩的自私行为导入到第三段中人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。‎ 考点：考查科普说明文阅读 ‎34.【2016·江苏】C El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.‎ The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?‎ A.It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ ‎62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?‎ A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.‎ D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ ‎63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.‎ A.more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first ‎64. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.‎ B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.‎ C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.‎ D.To urge people to prepare for El Nino.‎ ‎【答案】61.D 62.C 63.A 64.D ‎ ‎63.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.根据ODI的观点，为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。故A项正确。‎ ‎64.D 目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们诺政府应该做更多的投资预防 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于阅读理解中的目的意图题。作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言､行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度｡  ‎ 本文最后一句Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.既然最贫穷的国家最不可能从厄尔尼诺这样的灾难中得到弥补，那么我们要把减少损失放在首要位置。从本句的措词中可以看出本文正是要敦促我们要为可能发生的厄尔尼诺做好准备。‎ 考点：考查科普说明文阅读 ‎35.【2016·江苏】D Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).‎ ‎“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73--- the fourth record ever.‎ Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but ‎ smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.‎ It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.‎ But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “ I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.‎ As Muhammad Ali puts it, “ Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.‎ ‎65. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?‎ A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.‎ B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.‎ C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.‎ D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.‎ ‎66. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?‎ A.She would become a promising star.‎ B.She badly needed to set higher goals.‎ C.Her sprinting career would not last long.‎ D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.‎ ‎67. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?‎ A.Her success and lessons in her career.‎ B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.‎ C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.‎ D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.‎ ‎68. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?‎ A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.‎ B. She was eager to do more for her country.‎ C. She became an athletic star in her country.‎ D. She was the envy of the whole community.‎ ‎69. By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that .‎ A. players should be highly inspired by coaches B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience C. hard work is necessary in one’s achievements D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top ‎70. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Making of a Great Athlete B. The Dream for Championship C. The Key to High Performance D. The Power of Full Responsibility ‎【答案】65. B 66. C 67. C 68.B 69.D 70. A ‎66.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs.当2008年奥运会上Shelly-Ann获得冠军以后，很多人都质疑她是一个流星而已，认为她的成功不会延续很长时间。故C项正确。‎ ‎67.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.可知Shelly-Ann的母亲Maxime很早进入要承担很多责任的成人世界，她决定要让女儿Shelly-Ann离开混乱的Waterhouse，唯一的方法就是让女儿练习田径。故C项正确。‎ ‎68.B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后四句“ I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.可知Shelly-Ann计划为牙买加建立无家可归儿童基金会，鼓励牙买加人放下武器。说明她很迫切地想为祖国做一些事情。故B正确。‎ ‎69.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段拳王阿里的名言：冠军不是体育馆里造出来的。造就冠军的是冠军内心深处的某种东西─渴望、梦想、愿景。他们需同时拥有技能和意志，但是意志必须强于技能。作者是在鼓励运动员们达到巅峰。故D项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题。文章标题通常有如下要求：不能过大、过于笼统，放之四海皆适用；也不能过小、以偏概全，挂一漏万。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强｡做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。 好的文章标题具有较强的针对性、独特性，能够准确地概括出这篇短文的主旨大意，而不是其它文章的大意。本题中BCD三项的内容都与文章内容不够贴切，范围显得过大。我们可以使用逆向推理方法识别范围过大的标题。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读