十年高考20002010英语分类汇编非谓语动词46页

十年高考20002010英语分类汇编非谓语动词46页

十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----非谓语动词 u 状语从句在高考中的考查重点：‎ ‎1.不定式的时态和语态；‎ ‎2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；‎ ‎3.不定式的省略；‎ ‎4.不定式的否定形式；‎ ‎5.不定式的搭配形式；‎ ‎6.独立主格结构；‎ ‎7.v-ing分词名词性功能；‎ ‎8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；‎ ‎9.v-ing分词副词性功能；‎ ‎10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；‎ ‎11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；‎ ‎12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别；‎ u 非谓语动词的做题步骤 ‎ ‎ 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 ‎ ‎ 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 ‎ ‎ 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 ‎ ‎ 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。‎ ‎〖10福建〗Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.‎ 高考资源网 A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗表示伴随。从“were working” 可以判断是进行时态, 排除C。‎ ‎〖10福建〗In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗remain后接动词的用法 ‎〖解析〗remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.‎ ‎ A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意, sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系, 故选A.‎ ‎〖10上海〗 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考察现在分词作状语, 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语, 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. ‎ A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此处考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do…,we can imagine 做定语, 前面省略了that.‎ ‎〖10安徽〗He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词作状语。‎ ‎〖解析〗主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系, 故用traveling作原因状语。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help?‎ A. calling B. call C. to call D. called ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补, 根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to, 由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救, 故选A项。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗该空, 分词短语作时间状语, 其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系, 故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前, 故用现在分词的完成主动式。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.‎ ‎ A. discovered B. to be discovered ‎ C. discovering D. having discovered ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现” 的意思, 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱” 可判断选A项。‎ ‎〖10江西〗The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.‎ A keep B kept C keeping D to keep ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语。‎ ‎〖解析〗句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。‎ ‎〖10江西〗There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.‎ A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语。‎ ‎〖解析〗演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.‎ ‎〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.‎ ‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词的使用。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意应为“这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。” 由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间, 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来, 充当readings的定语。‎ ‎〖10天津〗It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.‎ A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：南方下了大雨, 在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果, 而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系, 所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语 ‎〖10四川〗A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. ‎ A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词作定语。‎ ‎〖解析〗question与students 存在被动关系, question表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。‎ ‎〖10四川〗The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point. ‎ A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作, 故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.‎ A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。题干中空格划在名词maps后, 空格后部分是对maps解释说明, 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语, 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系, borrow和maps是被动关系, 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done, to be done表示动作将要发生, being done表示动作正在发生, done表示用作已经完成, 根据句意borrow的动作已经完成, 因此选择C。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.‎ A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B。‎ ‎〖10江苏〗The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms. ‎ A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled ‎〖答案〗A.‎ ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果 ‎〖1010陕西〗_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . ‎ ‎ A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成, 用过去分词, 选A。‎ ‎〖1010陕西〗His first book next month is based on a true story. ‎ ‎ A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published ‎〖答案〗B.‎ ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做后置定语, 由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 用动词不定式, 其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式, 选B。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.‎ A. urprising B. as surprised C. urprised D being surprised ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗省略结构和非谓语动词考查。‎ ‎〖解析〗补完整为：Though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省略主语和系动词。‎ ‎〖10湖北〗________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)‎ ‎〖答案〗 “painted” ‎ ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗过去分词作状语, 主语“the building” 是动作“paint” 的作用对象 ‎〖10湖北〗After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)‎ ‎〖答案〗nothing to worry about　　‎ ‎〖考点〗不定式作后置定语 ‎〖解析〗动词 “worry” 与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系, 由于“worry” 是不及物动词, 后面须加上加上介词 “about” 。‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.‎ A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.‎ A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎〖10北京〗 at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.‎ A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗look与句子主语I为主动关系, 因此用looking.‎ ‎〖10北京〗I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily.‎ A. advertised B. to be advertised ‎ C. advertising D. having advertised ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position肯定是被advertise, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised ‎〖10重庆〗The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.‎ A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这个消息使公众震惊, 也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系, 并作shocked的伴随状语, 所以用leading。‎ ‎〖10重庆〗Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.‎ A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系, 由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后, 所以用to be repaired.‎ ‎〖10浙江〗The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. ‎ A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干 为：young children must be in a child safety ‎ seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系, 所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。‎ ‎〖09全国1〗Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______? A. taking    B. take    C. taken   D. to take 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗既然我们已讨论了我们的问题, 大家对作出的决定是否满意？根据句意, 决定是经过讨论后作出的, 因此用take的过去分词作decisions的后置定语。答案C。‎ ‎〖09全国1〗The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at   B. to look at  C. to looking at     D. look at 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗当那女明星走进教室时, 所有的孩子都转向她。用不定式表目的。答案B。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back. A. flooding     B. to flood   C. flood    D. flooded 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗当我们参观我的旧居时, 回忆如潮水般涌入我的脑海。memory与flood是主动关系, 作伴随或方式状语。用现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。答案A。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A  Being a winner  B To be a winner  C Be a winner   D Having been a winner 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗为了成为一名赢家, 你需要全力付出并且尽你所能。用不定式表目的。答案B。‎ ‎〖09安徽〗The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ‎ A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词和时态 ‎〖解析〗那部下个月开拍的戏剧主要目的是反映本土文化。根据时间状语（next month）判断, 该剧下个月才开始拍摄, A、D均表示完成, B表示正在进行都可以排除。答案C。‎ ‎〖09北京〗For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. ‎ A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。水果成熟了才会拿来做果汁, 因此用过去分词作后置定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案A。‎ ‎〖09北京〗All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way. ‎ A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗他们都想争取用工作站的能量以一种更有效的方式来展示信息。用不定式表示目的。答案D。‎ ‎〖09北京〗 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ‎ A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于被咬过两次, 除非我们把狗拴起来, 否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman与bite是被动关系, 排除C；A表示正在被咬, D表示目的“为了被咬”, 都可以排除。答案B。‎ ‎〖09福建〗 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. ‎ A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生, 非谓语动词用过去分词, 选B。‎ ‎〖09福建〗In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. ‎ A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词做状语, 其后有宾语, 故与逻辑主语是主动关系, 且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行, 用现在分词, 选A。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. ‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.‎ A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查分词的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker, and 为并列连词, 连接相同的成份。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词不定时的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开, 以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作, 而且是被动的。故选D。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.‎ A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友Smith先生今晚7:30到青年剧院。invite结构和favor构成同位语, 故用动名词结构, 答案为B项。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Every evening after dinner, if not        from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.      ‎ A. being tired  B. tiring   C. tired   D. to be tired 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗每天晚饭后, 如果不是因为工作太累, 我都会花点时间遛狗。if not        from work是条件状语从句的省略形式, 完整句子是：If I’m not tired from work, 由此判断该填tired。答案C。‎ ‎〖09江西〗_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. ‎ A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系, 所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则, 连词if 也可省, 所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……‎ ‎〖09江西〗The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. ‎ A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗现在分词短语作后置定语, 修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...‎ ‎〖09海南〗The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.‎ A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室, 所有的孩子都转过头去看她。‎ turn to 表示 “转向, 求助” 的意思。‎ ‎〖09海南〗Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?‎ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系, 故用过去分词表示被动 ‎〖09山东〗We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. ‎ A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎〖解析〗我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的一个聚会。party与hold是被动关系；再根据时间状语（next Friday）判断, 用不定式表示还没发生。答案A。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. ‎ A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语, 而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing表示的动作已经完成, 也可用动词不定式, 表示的动作还未发生, 根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成, 且与逻辑主语是被动关系, 用v-ing的被动式, 选D。‎ ‎〖09上海〗A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. ‎ A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗一架小型飞机在这城市以东5公里处坠毁于山坡里, 机上四人全部死亡。用现在分词表示伴随状态。答案B。‎ ‎〖09上海〗With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. ‎ ‎ A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。affect该用过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those。答案C。‎ ‎〖09上海〗Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. ‎ ‎ A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除B、D；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除A。答案C。‎ ‎〖09上海〗David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. ‎ ‎ A. to be reported B. reporting ‎ ‎ C. to report D. having reported ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗戴维威胁说, 他邻居如果不赔偿损失, 他就要报案。Threaten后可接不定式, 不接动名词, 而且。report和David是主动关系。答案C。‎ ‎〖09四川〗Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语, 在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词, 所以正确答案为A。‎ ‎〖09四川〗He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法 ‎〖解析〗分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。‎ ‎〖09四川〗________ many times, he finally understood it. ‎ ‎ A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗说过很多遍后他才理解。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系, 所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。 ‎ ‎〖09天津〗______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.‎ A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗为了按时完成此项目, 全体员工周末都在工作。表示目的要用不定式, 排除A、B；C表示已经完成, 与句意不符, 也排除。答案D。‎ ‎〖09天津〗_____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.‎ A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗受科技进步的鼓舞, 许多农民已经在他们的土地上建造风电厂。根据句意, encourage动作已经完成, 它和famous是被动关系, 因此用过去分词。答案C。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.‎ A. the; a B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗安迪和卢比第一批到达泰山之巅, 筋疲力尽且呼吸困难。形容词作伴随状语, 主语是人, 因此用tired。答案B ‎〖09浙江〗There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.‎ A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗evidence与indicate之间是主动的关系, 所以用现在分词作定语, 可以恢复为which indicates。大量证据显示音乐活动要动员到大脑的各个部分。在There be结构中, 作主语的名词或代词后有时带不定式或现在分词作其定语。定语用不定式表示未做或要去做的动作;用现在分词表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作所表示的动作几乎同时发生, 或表示某个经常的动作或状态。答案B。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _______reduce unemployment pressures. A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗全国各地学校预计今年要招聘50000名大学毕业生作为短期老师, 差不多是去年招聘的三倍, 目的是帮助减少就业压力。去掉插入部分“almost three times the number hired last year”,并把时间状语放在句末, 句子结构就清楚了, hire 50,000 college graduates to help reduce unemployment pressures。不定式表目的。答案C。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. ‎ ‎ A. comparing    B. compares C. to compare   D. compared ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗与他的旧房子比较, 麦克尔的新房子像座大宫殿。new house与compare是被动关系, 因此用过去分词表被动。答案D。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.‎ ‎ A. deal         B. dealt C. to deal      D. dealing ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗世界变化太快, 我们每天都得独自应付新事物。考查have sth. to do的结构。此处have作“有”解, 不定式to deal with作定语修饰something。答案C。‎ ‎〖09全国2〗They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. ‎ ‎ A. being run B. run C. to run D. running ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词Ving ‎〖解析〗这儿构成(keep sth. doing。‎ ‎〖09江苏〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. ‎ A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗China are expected to help reduce unemployment pressures. to help 与to hire 位置相同。‎ ‎〖09江苏〗Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school,  the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.‎ A. Attend      B. To attend         C. Attending        D. Having attended ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗各界来宾朋友们, 欢迎来到我们学校。参加今天早上50年校庆仪式的是我们海内外的校友们。alumni与attend是主动关系, 因此用现在分词。Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning在句中作主语。答案C。‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅰ〗I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .‎ A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗在“主语+be+adj.+to do” 结构中, 动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎〖08北京〗—Did the book give the information you needed? ‎—Yes.But it, I had to read the entire book. A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗答语句意为：是的, 但是为了找到它, 我不得不阅读了整本书。表示目的要用动词不定式形式。由于不表示正在进行, 故不用进行时态。‎ ‎〖08北京〗I feel greatly honored into their society. A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗welcome与 “I” 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故welcome须用被动语态形式。该句语意相当于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.。‎ ‎〖08北京〗It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of your own. A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题句意为：值得考虑一下什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎, 并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些 “食品” 。and连接consider与introduce, 故introduce也要用v.ing形式作为worth的宾语使用。‎ ‎〖08北京〗 that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗see这一动作由句子的主语 “I” 发出, 故空格处须用现在分词。‎ ‎〖08天津〗 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being thrown ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗throw与句子主语the fans之间为主谓关系, 故用现在分词作状语。A项表示动作还未发生；B、D两项表示被动, 均不符合句意。‎ ‎〖08江西〗I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone. A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D.to be promoted ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, 此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示, “被提拔” 的动作在mention前发生。‎ ‎〖08江西〗We finished the run in less than half the time . A.allowing B.to allow C.allowed D.allows ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语, “时间” 与 “允许”之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。‎ ‎〖08湖南〗The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down D.to blow down ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。“树木” 的后面缺少定语, 因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系, 且是已经完成的动作, 故用过去分词短语blown down。‎ ‎〖08湖南〗 the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.‎ A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To complete ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：为了按计划完成工程, 我们不得不每天多工作两个小时。此处用动词不定式作状语, 表示目的。‎ ‎〖08湖南〗Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A.living B.to live C.to be living D.having lived ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活, 但不喜欢这样, 又搬回家去了。try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do sth.尽力去做某事。‎ ‎〖08陕西〗 around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗show与take之间有明显的时间先后关系, 且句子的主语与show构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故该空格处用现在完成时的被动形式。‎ ‎〖08四川〗We had an anxious couple of weeks for the results of the experiment.‎ A.wait B.to be waiting C.waited D.waiting ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我们度过了焦急的几周, 等待着实验结果。本题用现在分词waiting作伴随状语。‎ ‎〖08重庆〗 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.‎ A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词作状语 ‎〖解析〗考查非谓语动词作状语, 与主语构成主谓关系。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗 that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A.Not realized B.Not to realize ‎ C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗realize与句子的主语构成主谓关系, 故排除A项；B项和D项都指将来的动作, 故选C。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗found此处为过去分词作后置定语, 用来修饰things, 与things构成被动关系。句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。‎ ‎〖08福建〗 in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗逗号前的部分是时间状语, 不定式一般不作时间状语, 首先排除B、D两项；wait的动作在realize之前, 故用分词的完成式。‎ ‎〖08福建〗—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me? ‎—No problem.‎ A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗 at the back of the classroom为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词, 可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词, 常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat 与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用其过去分词作定语。‎ ‎〖08辽宁〗He was busy writing a story, only once in a while to smoke a cigarette.‎ A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：他在忙着写一个故事, 只是偶尔停下来抽支烟。此处应为现在分词短语作伴随状语, 表示与write伴随的动作。A项通常作目的状语和结果状语。‎ ‎〖08辽宁〗Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.‎ A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。seat是及物动词, remain/be seated保持坐着的状态, 坐着。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处考查hear+宾语+do/doing/done结构。因为English是 “被说” , 故用spoken作宾补, 表示被动。‎ ‎〖08山东〗Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗working in the restaurant为现在分词短语在句中作状语。‎ ‎〖08安徽〗_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.‎ ‎ A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗选项B. Walking在这里是现在分词短语用状语, 表示时间, 相当于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon。选项A.To walk不定式放在句首一般作目的状语；选项C. Walked表示被动, 此处句子主语he与动词walk之间是主动关系；选项D. Having walked是现在分词的完成式作状语, 表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词（feel the warmth of spring）之前, 显然不合题意。非谓语动词的用法是高考的必考考点, 准确掌握不定式, 现在分词和过去分词作状语的不同含义是答好本题的关键。‎ ‎〖08上海〗My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it. A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗意思是：我妹妹骑车经验不丰富 她被发现正在做着车上 努力去平衡！  我相信既然妹妹被看到了这一幕, 一定是被发现正在平衡咯那么选择正在平衡, 可以和情景对应, 不能使将要努力平衡, 也不可能是平衡完了, trying做主语补足语 ‎〖08上海〗If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗A work 和 do 存在动宾关系 主语I和do存在主谓关系, 此时可以用to do做后置定语, 但是事实上这是个被动。‎ ‎〖08上海〗Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. ‎ A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句谓语动词是 clear和relive. 意思是: 某某可以清醒头脑和减轻压力. Something 正是主语！就是这个某某, as simple as 插入进去的是干扰, 意思是: Something和xxxx一样简单. 那么到底是什么呢？管他是什么反正是个事物 , 也就是少一个事物, 这个事物是可以清醒头脑和减轻压力的.表示具体的一个事物, 当然是动名词咯 ‎〖08上海〗Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗表示某个地方位于哪里 用located ‎〖08上海春〗As a new driver, I have to practise ________ the car in my small garage again and again. A. parking B. to park C. parked D. park ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：作为一个新司机, 我不得不一次又一次地在我的小车库中练习停车。practise doing意为“练习做某事”, 答案为A项。‎ ‎〖07全国I〗—It’s a long time since I saw my sister. ‎ ‎—_______________ her this weekend?‎ ‎ A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗Why not…意为“为什么不……呢?”用于提出建议。Why not后面必须接动词原形, 即Why not do….‎ ‎〖07全国I〗—The last one __________________ pays the meal. ‎ ‎—Agreed! ‎ ‎ A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗 “the last/next/first...” 后常接不定式作定语。‎ ‎〖07全国I〗I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? ‎ ‎ A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗smell something burning闻到有东西在烧焦了, 由下句可知此处表示动作正在进行。‎ ‎〖07全国II〗At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. ‎ A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed ‎ C. being opened and closed D. to open and close ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词作定语。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语表示正在进行。本题题意：开始上课时, 在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。由句意可知表示开关课桌的动作正在进行, 因此用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎〖07上海〗After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. ‎ ‎ A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词作宾补, 和前面的his mother’s voice（宾语）, 存在逻辑主谓关系, 不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 主动含义；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。由句意“孩子听到妈妈叫他……”, 可知表示主动含义, 故选A。‎ ‎〖07上海〗There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. ‎ ‎ A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗try to persuade...尽力去说服……。I can try you to stay为定语从句, 省略了作try的宾语的关系代词that。‎ ‎〖07上海〗The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.‎ ‎ A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall, 二者之间为被动关系；D项表示动作正在发生, 不合题意；B项不能作限制性的定语。‎ ‎〖07山东〗The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.‎ A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“……, 最近的是在去年三月发射的。”从句子结构上看, 此句既无并列连词, 又无从句引导词, 为简单句, the most recent ________at the end of last March不是句子, 而是独立结构作状语, 排除谓语动词形式, 即A项, the most recent与launch为被动关系, 且launch在谓语动词之前, 故答案为B项。‎ ‎〖07山东〗Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ‎ A. to seal B. to be seated C. seating D. seated ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“保持坐着, 直到飞机完全停下来。”remain后可用现在分词或过去分词, 表示状态, 取决与句子的逻辑主语和动词的关系。本题中逻辑主语you与seat为被动关系, 故用过去分词, 答案为D项。此题的正确解答还依赖于seat的用法seat sb., 其被动形式为sb. is seated, 可见sb.与seat为被动关系。‎ ‎〖07安徽〗John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. ‎ ‎ A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗 “with+宾语+宾补” 结构中, 宾补表示完成用过去分词。‎ ‎〖07安徽〗—Robert is indeed a wise man.‎ ‎ —Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! ‎ A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗regret (not)doing/having done sth表示“后悔（没）做了某事” ；regret to do sth表示“遗憾去做某事”。结合句意, “我时常后悔没有听他的话。”故选D项。‎ ‎〖07北京〗—Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?‎ ‎ —Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. ‎ A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗have sb do sth意为“命令或安排某人做某事”, 使役动词make, let, have接宾语补足语省略不定式to。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。have sb doing sth表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。‎ ‎〖07北京〗He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. ‎ A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“他是个牛津大学的学生, 正在攻读计算机科学的学位。”此句为简单句, __________ for a degree in ‎ computer science为状语, 主语He与study为主动关系, 应选择现在分词, 答案为B项。注意, C项和D项不符合句意。‎ ‎〖07福建〗Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English __ in a short period. ‎ A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。have在此处为使役动词, “使, 让” , 后可接do, doing或done作宾补, 宾语her written English与improve之间为动宾关系, 故应用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎〖07福建〗—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.‎ ‎—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. ‎ A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。with复合结构中, 宾补可以是adj., adv., prep.phrase, doing, done或to do, 此处so much work与fill之间为主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词短语作宾补。‎ ‎〖07湖南〗As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. ‎ ‎ A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“……, 我站了一会儿, 没有动, 自问要做什么。”此句有As引导的从句, 故为复合句。主句部分为并列句结构, 有and连接两个分句, 在前一个分句中, stood为谓语动词, 故move应为非谓语动词作状语, 主语I与move为主动关系, 故用move的现在分词形式, 答案为B项。‎ ‎〖07湖南〗“Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. ‎ ‎ A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：错过的事情不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词, 作things的定语, 相当于一个定语从句that are lost。‎ ‎〖07江苏〗—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎ —Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. ‎ ‎ A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词allow后接动词作宾语时, 习惯上只能是动名词, 不能是不定式; 但若其后接有sb, 则sb, 则后要接不定式, 不接动名词。也就是说它的两个常用句型是：allow doing sth和allow sb to do sth。‎ ‎〖07江苏〗My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. ‎ ‎ A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据情况, 使役动词make后可接动词原形(不带to的不定式)或过去分词作宾语补足语, 但不能接现在分词, 故可排除选项A和B; 在剩下的C和D中, 要选D不选C, 是因为feel作为连系动词, 其后要接形容词作表语, 不接副词。‎ ‎〖07江苏〗He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. ‎ ‎ A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词interested在此已转化为形容词, interested in意为“对……感趣”。  ‎ ‎〖07江西〗When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. ‎ ‎ A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式, 而不用分词, 首先排除A、B两项；另外he承受train这一动作, 应用被动语态, 排除C项, 故D项正确。‎ ‎〖07陕西〗_____ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. ‎ A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。由句子结构分析, 此处应为现在分词短语作状语, 排除A、C两项；并且say动作发生在从句动作didn’t do之前, 故应用having done。‎ ‎〖07四川〗Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon.‎ ‎ A. said B. says C. saying D. to say ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句子结构, 此处应用非谓语动词作定语。现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生, 此处的saying相当于which said;不定式作定语表示将来, 不合题意。‎ ‎〖07四川〗The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. ‎ A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗unless, if, when, though等引导状语从句时, 如果主从句的主语一致, 又含有be动词时, 常把主语和be动词省略。此处应为unless they are watered。因此A项正确。‎ ‎〖07天津〗The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. ‎ A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木头门, 在白天能让自然光进来。空白处在句中作状语, let与句子的主语之间是主谓关系, 且动作是同时发生的, 故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎〖07浙江〗The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.‎ ‎ A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。又因I与hear之间存在被动关系, 故应用不定式的被动语态。‎ ‎〖07浙江〗______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. ‎ ‎ A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使, 农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语, 其逻辑主语为farmers, 与drive之间存在被动关系, 故用被动形式。‎ ‎〖07重庆〗The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. ‎ A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句子结构判断, 此处为独立主格结构, 且功课是被完成, 因此用过去分词形式。‎ ‎〖07重庆〗Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A.is said to be buying B.is said to have bought C.had said to buy D.has said to have bought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗sb./sth.is said to do sth.据说某人/某物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前, 因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. ‎ A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗sb./Sth.is reported to do sth.为常用的表达方式, to do不能用doing形式, “打破世界记录” 是已经发生的事情, 故用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. ‎ A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗注意句型：have difficulty （in）doing sth 由于句子中in可以省略, 所以该题目虽然将宾语前置, 后面用了一个定语从句, 但是结构不变, 在某方面依然是in doing sth只是in被省略。补全：You can't imagine what difficulty which we had （in）walking home in the snowstorm.‎ ‎〖07上海春〗All the staff in our company are considering______ to the city centre for the fashion show.‎ A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗consider to do, 考虑做什么事。‎ ‎〖07上海春〗_____the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.‎ A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗To do置于句首常作目的状语。‎ ‎〖07上海春〗She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.‎ A. display B. to display Cdisplaying D. displayed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖06北京〗There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. ‎ A.add B.to add C.adding D.added ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗add为及物动词, 常用于add sth.to sth.结构中, 本题中应为add several new events to the program。因此add与new events之间为动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎〖06北京〗I can’t stand with Jane in the same office.She just refuses talking while she works. A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping ‎ C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗stand doing sth.容忍做某事；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。句意为：我不能容忍跟珍妮在一个办公室工作, 她工作时总是喋喋不休。‎ ‎〖06江苏〗Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______the same thing.    A. saying  B. said  C. to say  D. having said ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题考查非谓语动词。由 “he” 与 “say” 的逻辑关系判断, 应为主动关系, 故B项可排除；此处表示一个经常的习惯性动作, 故C项不定式表具体的未做的事情在此不合适；D项完成式也不符合句意；只有A项为最佳答案, 在句中作方式状语。‎ ‎〖06江苏〗--- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.    --- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.    A. to be  B. to have been  C. being  D. having been 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗imagine想像, 设想, 后可跟名词、代词、动名词, that, wh-从句作宾语, 或用于imagine+宾语+to be结构。由此知A、B两项不符合其用法；由句中时态判断, 此处应用一般式而非完成式。‎ ‎〖06安徽〗My cousin came to see me from the country,  ______me a full basket of fresh fruits. ‎ A. brought               B. bringing C. to bring                  D. had brought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗bringing与句子主语my cousin在逻辑上存在主谓关系, 在此句中用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎〖06安徽〗Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____  . A. blamed        B. blaming     C. to blame  D. to be blamed 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗to blame作the one的定语。关于blame一词, 常用主动形式。如：It is Tom that is to blame.‎ ‎〖06湖南〗The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. ‎ A. covering    B. covered            C. cover              D. to cover 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词作定语。因blanket与cover之间是主谓关系, 因此应用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎〖06湖南〗If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again. A. gets     B. got             C. to get        D. getting 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗mean有两个用法, 一是表示“打算”, 此时后接动词要用不定式, 不用动名词, 如：What do you mean to do with it? 你打算怎样处理它? 二是表示“意味着”、“需要”等, 此时后接动词要用动名词, 不用不定式, 如：  This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。比较： If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting up before five. 要想赶早班车, 我们就得在五点钟以前起床。‎ ‎〖06湖南〗As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____. A. to use     B. to be used          C. to have used        D. to be using 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查不定式的时态与语态。因use与the raw materials之间是动宾关系, 因此此处用不定式的被动语态。B项符合题意。‎ ‎〖06天津〗Don’t respond to any e-mails ______ personal information, no matter how official they look.‎ ‎ A. searching      B. asking         C. requesting         D. questioning 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗ask for sth.和request sth.都可表示“要求某事物” , 而question sth.为“对某事物提出质疑” , search a place表“搜某处” 。‎ ‎〖06天津〗A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .‎ A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying ‎ C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题的选项处含有 “leave+宾语+宾补” 结构, 分词和不定式都可作该结构的补语；但据题意此处应为“使某人感到不满意的” , 故应用过去分词形式的形容词unsatisfied作补语。 ‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most  _____were from Germany. A.study; of whom           B.study; of them ‎ C.studying; of them         D.studying; of  whom 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词作定语和定语从句。‎ ‎〖解析〗在这所学校学习中文的外国学生, foreign students与study是主谓关系, 第二空是非限制性定语从句, 关系代词用whom。‎ ‎〖06四川〗The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______    in Beijing in 2008.     A.hold  B.holding  C.held  D.to be held 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于2008年奥运会还现在(指2006年)还没有举行, 故要用不定式; 又因为奥运会与hold之间为被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎〖06四川〗_____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.     A.Faced  B.Face  C.Facing  D.To face 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗face with常用被动语态：使面对（问题、不愉快局面等）, 使面临。如：You are faced with a choice.你面临抉择。‎ ‎〖06福建〗_______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming          B. Blamed                  C. To blame         D. To be blamed 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗blame为及物动词, 后面必须跟宾语, blame与Alice是动宾（被动）关系, 这里过去分词作状语表被动、完成。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. ‎ A. to accept    B. accept    C. accepting    D. accepted 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗imagine后接动名词。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______. A. an extra job has been given to John   B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken    D. John has taken an extra job 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则, 只有A才是对的。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.  A. to be told    B. to tell    C. told     D. telling 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗only后接不定式表示出人意料的结果, 又如：I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。‎ ‎〖06浙江〗When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.   A. compared  B. being compared  C. comparing  D. having compared 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于句子主语we与动词compare之间为主动关系, 所以用现在分词的主动式。其中分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.    A. that it is         B. to be       C. that it has been   D. to have been 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗。“某人(某物)+is said+不定式”是一个很有用的句式, 其意为“据说”, 又如：The company is said to be in trouble. 据说这家公司遇到了困难。再根据句中的over the past few years可知, 不定式要用完成式。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.    A. do  B. to do  C. doing  D. and doing 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗doing nothing表示的动作是伴随sit同时发生的, 因此选C。‎ ‎〖06山东〗Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing   B. have got lost   C. be missing   D. get lost 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题考查不定式的时态和语态, 同时考查了现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。从“since the flood hit the area last Friday”可知强调“对现在造成的结果和影响”, 先排除 C和D选项。现在完成进行时强调动作仍在持续进行；而现在完成时则侧重已经完成。故从“Police are now searching for a woman…”不难看出正确答案是A.‎ ‎〖06山东〗Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.‎ A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句式结构可知a title是the “China’s Green Figure” award的同位语, 所以a title to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection是一个词组而不是一个句子, give与title又构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以空白处用过去分词given, 它相当于which was given。‎ ‎〖06江西〗After he became conscious, he remembered and on the head with a rod.‎ A.to attack;hit B.to be attacked;to be hit C.attacking;be hit D.having been attacked;hit ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的具体用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗remember to do sth.记着要做某事（此事未做）；remember doing sth.记着做了某事（事已完成）。因为he与attack和hit之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态。‎ ‎〖06江西〗It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness . A.to make B.to be made C.making D.being made ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查结构It takes/took (sb.) +一段时间+to do sth.（某人花费时间做某事）。题中connection与make之间为动宾关系, 所以用动词不定式的被动语态。‎ ‎〖06广东〗_______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.      A. Having made       B. Make      C. To make     D. Making 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于是表示目的, 故要用不定式, 句意为：为了要做这块蛋糕, 你需要2只鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。‎ ‎〖06广东〗No matter how frequently ________ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the  world.     A. performed   B. performing      C. to be performed     D. being performed 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。‎ ‎〖05北京〗It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help.    A. To have had   B. Having had    C. Have    D. Having 〖答案〗‎ ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动名词“Having the answers ready”作主语。动词不定式也可以做主语, 但显然这儿不可用完成形式, 所以选A是错误的。‎ ‎〖05北京〗When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not __________.    A. to arrive, leaving  B. to arrive, to leave  C. arriving, leaving  D. arriving, to leave 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查remember后的宾语用动名词和不定式用法的区别。在remember, forget, regret等动词后接不定式时表示将来的动作；后接动名词时, 表示已完成的动作。句意为：当警察向他询问时, 他说他记得已到了晚会现场但没有记住是否离开。‎ ‎〖05北京〗The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China.    A. paying    B. paid     C. to be paid   D. being paid 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查过去分词短语作后置定语。由句意“这次比赛的奖品是3万美元和到中国的免费假期。” 可看出, expense与pay之间的关系是修饰限定关系, 即pay作expense的后置定语。两者之间是被动关系, 因此排除A答案；C项表示将来的被动；D项表示正在进行的被动, 故只能选B答案。‎ ‎〖05北京〗I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.    A. going on   B. goes on    C. went on   D. to go on 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 即“that noise went on”。故本题选择A选项。‎ ‎〖05山东〗Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.  A. have reached  B. reaching   C. to reach  D. to be reaching 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查现在分词短语作结果状语。从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二, 逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的结果, “达到……记录” 。此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.‎ ‎〖05广东〗He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting    B. noted      C. to note        D. having noted 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据上下文这里只能是用ing的一般式作状语表示结果, noting 这一动作和句中谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生, 因此要用ing的一般式。完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.‎ ‎〖05广东〗He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had ‎ left.   A. to find       B. finding     C. found     D. to have found 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定式前有 only, never等副词时, 通常作结果状语, 常译作：“结果……”。‎ ‎〖05湖北〗The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.  A. to spend  B. spent  C. being spent   D. spending 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于money与spend之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词。‎ ‎〖05湖北〗______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.  A. Being separated   B. Having separated   C. Having been separated  D. To be separated 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为Australia与separate是被动关系, 且separate发生在谓语动词has之前, 所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。‎ ‎〖05湖南〗_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed      B. To dress       C. Dressing    D. Having dressed 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：他穿着白色制服看上去与其说像大夫倒不如说像厨师。dress是及物动词, 其用法为dress sb./oneself（表动作）；be dressed in（表状态）。dress与句子的主语he之间是动宾关系, 故用过去分词作状语, 表被动。‎ ‎〖05湖南〗I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. A. follows   B. followed     C. to follow    D. being followed 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗从题中in a year这一时间状语暗示将来, 可知A、B两项错误；the rest与follow之间是主谓关系, 故D项错误。不定式表示将要发生的事情, 故C项正确。‎ ‎〖05江苏〗---- Is Bob still performing? ---- I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official A. to have left        B. to leave       C. to have been left        D. to be left 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查不定式的完成式。动词不定式的完成式表示过去发生的事或已经完成的动作或表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I’m afraid not. 表明Bob现在不再演出, 已经离开了舞台。‎ ‎〖05江苏〗________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost       B. Lost               C. Being lost           D. Losing 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词Lost=Having been lost=Having been missing表示一种持续的状态。‎ ‎〖05江西〗________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.  A. Having given up hope of cure    B. With no hope for cure  C. There being hope for cure    D. In the hope of cure 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗逗号前的内容作状语, 该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease 构成的, 介词with有两个宾语, 分别是 no hope for cure和 no way to reduce her pain。句意是：这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法, 她饱受疾病煎熬, 于是请求大夫结束她的生命。‎ ‎〖05江西〗I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.  A. liking  B. to be like  C. to like  D. to be liking 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我认为当你对他比较了解后, 会慢慢喜欢他的。grow此处的意思是“逐渐, 慢慢” , to like是不定式作结果状语。B项中like为介词“像” ；而grow liking及grow to be liking均讲不通。‎ ‎〖05江西〗The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made  B. having made    C. made     D. making 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为The manager与make是主动关系, 且make发生在谓语left之前, 所以用现在分词的完成式作状语, having made ... 相当于who had made...的意思。‎ ‎〖05全国II〗While watching television, __________.   A. the doorbell rang                B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring       D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为题干使用了watching, 可以推断该句主语为人, 排除A、B两项。又因为hear是感官动词, 其后要使用动词原形作宾语补足语, 所以D项不对。‎ ‎〖05全国II〗_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. ‎ A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗现在分词短语作为习语（一般说来）不需要遵守分词的附着规则：分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 否则就是“垂悬分词”。‎ ‎〖05全国Ⅲ〗“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away. A. run   B. running    C. to run    D. ran‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗running away在此作shouted的伴随状语, 由Janet发出这一动作, 故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎〖05全国I〗The storm left ,  _____a lot of damage to this area . A. caused   B. to have caused   C. to cause   D. having caused 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗having caused a lot of damage to thisarea在句中作结果状语, 因The storm与cause是主动关系, 排除选项A；不定式作状语, 前面通常不用逗号, 排除B和C；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。相当于After n had donea lot of damage to this area。‎ ‎〖05上海〗He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. A. to lose    B. losing      C. to be lost     D. being lost 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗risk doing sth.冒险做某事, 为常用搭配, 故排除A、C。此处无被动意义, 排除D, 故选B。‎ ‎〖05上海〗______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put   B. Putting   C. Having put   D. Being put 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查过去分词作状语。句子的主语是the hotline与“投入使用”存在着被动关系, 而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。‎ ‎〖05上海〗It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. A. had     B. having  C. to have  D. have 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意为：“……为了看一看体育明星” , 可知, 此处用动词不定式来表示目的, 故选C。‎ ‎〖05上海〗More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking    B. taken   C. having taken    D. having been taken 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。句中的主语people和take是逻辑上的主谓关系, 所以排除B, D两项, 再根据语境所提供的前后发生的关系, 应用一般时态。‎ ‎〖05浙江〗_________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. A. To find out  B. Finding out   C. Find out    D. Having found out 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗作目的状语要用动词不定式。‎ ‎〖05重庆〗Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun. A. had     B. have     C. to have          D. having 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗从句中的have fun和谓语动词were是在同一时间出现的状态, 因此空白处应该用现在分词的一般式, 故答案为D。‎ ‎〖05重庆〗—What should I do with this passage? 　　—_____ the main idea of each paragraph. ‎ A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此处考查祈使句的用法 ‎〖解析〗故用动词原形。其实，此题也可视为 You should find out... 之省略。 〖05天津〗You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it_______ often enough. A. explaining    B. to explain        C. explain       D. explained 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗have +宾语+ done的结构, explain和it构成被动关系。explained作宾语补足语。‎ ‎〖05天津〗I don’t want _______like I’ m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager’ s plan is unfair. A. to sound      B. to be sounded   C. sounding       D. to have sounded 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定式作宾语, sound是连系动词不用被动式, 与谓语动词更没有时间的先后, 这里不能用它的完成式。‎ ‎〖05安徽〗I really can’t understand ______ her like that. A. you treat    B . you to treat    C. why treat   D. you treating 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗答案是 you treating, 加主语或者why to treat 不定式, 因为动名词短语做宾语, 而其中的逻辑主语you 也可以换成your。意思是“我真的不明白你那样对她...”‎ ‎〖05辽宁〗All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for ‎ Christmas.  A. in order to have received   B. in order to receive C. so as to be received       D. so as to be receiving ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗不定式so as to/ in order to表目的。礼物当然是在圣诞前夕被及时收到。‎ ‎〖05福建〗When_______ help, one often says“Thank you. ” or “ It’ s kind of you. ” ‎ A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗从句主语和主句一致, 而且和offer之间是动宾关系, 故可以省略从句的主语和be动词is,选D。‎ ‎〖2004全国III〗Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.‎ A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据本题提供的语境, “看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而there are 句子中are是谓语动词, 所以本题应填非谓语动词, 可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”, 排除A、D项, 故选C, 作定语。‎ ‎〖2004全国II〗Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party.‎ A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗get+done.固定搭配, 构成系表结构。‎ ‎〖2004全国II〗When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.‎ A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据题干提示, 此题省略了主语和be动词, 补全后应为When these products are first introduced to the market, 因products与introduce之间构成动宾关系, 所以应用过去分词形式, 正确答案为B。‎ ‎〖2004全国IV〗It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ____ at the meeting by my boss.‎ A. questioning B. having questioning C. questioned D. to be questioned ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据文中时间, 应该是(当时)我被老板询问的时候, 我撒了谎。过去分词表被动, 表完成。‎ ‎〖2004全国IV〗Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. ‎ A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear   ‎ ‎ C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗不定式作目的状语, make＋宾语＋过去分词作宾语补足语, 表被动。‎ ‎〖2004上海〗The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.‎ A.recorded B.recording C.to be recording D.having recorded ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查学生对非谓语动词的运用能力。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词作定语, 和被修饰词the disc构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎〖2004上海〗Having been attacked by terrorists, . A.the tall building collapsed B.doctors came to their rescue C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 只有A项正确。‎ ‎〖2004上海〗The discovery of new evidence led to _________.‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief ‎ C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗led to中to是介词, 后跟ving, 小偷当然是被抓到。the thief作ving的逻辑主语。‎ ‎〖2004北京〗_____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.‎ A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查现在分词完成式的用法。根据语法规则, 当一个句子中前后两个部分被“,”隔开, 而前一部分又不是一个完整的句子, 则非完整的部分往往需要用非谓语动词, 即用分词来连接句子, 故排除A、B、D项。从题意可看出, “wait”这个动作发生在主句谓语动作realize之前, 故用分词的完成式, 即C项。‎ ‎〖2004天津〗Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗leave+宾语+宾补。让水不间断的流。‎ ‎〖2004上海〗The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.‎ A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗believe可以接不定式作宾语补足语；这里不定式又表示被动关系。‎ ‎〖2004 广东〗______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题考查分词的完成式的否定形式的用法, 依据题意, “未完成”和“逗留”两者有明显的时间先后, 且分词的否定形式应在分词前加not, 故选C。‎ ‎〖2004重庆〗Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _________.‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗Sth get sb done.那些因小孩的违法行为惩罚他们父母的法律让父母们闷闷不乐（忧心）。‎ ‎〖2004湖北〗____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.‎ ‎ A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查现在分词作时间状语的用法。实际上这是一个时间状语从句, 它的完全形式应为“when the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth”。而在when/if等引导的时间/条件状语从句中, 如主句与从句的主语一致, 从句的主语及其后的be动词均可省略, 故选D项。‎ ‎〖2004辽宁〗 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted.‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系, 所以用过去分词短语作状语。答案为B。D项只表示完成,‎ ‎ 不能表示被动。‎ ‎〖2004辽宁〗I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. ‎ A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗不定式的完成式, 表示动作在谓语动作之前已经完成。‎ ‎〖2004江苏〗The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.‎ A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗v.-ing作状语, work发生在 “回国” 之前, 所以用v.-ing形式的完成式。从句意来分析, 那个老人在国外工作20年后, 现在正在返回祖国的路上。很明显, 分词短语与主句之间为前后关系。而不定式作状语表目的、结果或条件, 此处显然不合适, 可先排除A和C项。分词的一般式作状语表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作或伴随状态, 故排除B项, 只有D项符合题意。‎ ‎〖2004四川〗“We can’t go out in this weather, ” said Bob, out of the window. A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗分析句子成分知空处需要的是said的伴随状语, 故A正确。‎ ‎〖2004浙江〗Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_____as 3M. ‎ A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题考查过去分词作定语的用法。known as相当于一个非限制性的定语从句 which was known as 3M, 故选B项。‎ ‎〖2004福建〗The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.‎ A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定式与 only 连用表示未曾预料的结果, to be told 的意思为“被告之”, 用不定式的被动语态.。‎ ‎〖2004上海春〗After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, .‎ A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗exhausting令人疲惫不堪的, exhausted（人）感到疲惫不堪的, 表示Richard Jones当时处于 “感到疲惫不堪的” 状态要用exhausted。‎ ‎〖2004上海春〗I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ______ ? ‎ A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定式做定语, have用作实义动词, 表示“你有什么要买的东西吗？”‎ ‎〖03 NMET〗A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ____ in kitchen.‎ ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗find后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据immdiately可判断出, 厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除。‎ ‎〖03北京〗My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.‎ A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。‎ ‎〖03北京〗The teacher asked us ______so much noise. ‎ A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查不定式的两个知识点。在动词ask后面用不定式作宾语补足语, 其否定形式是 not to do。常见的这类动词还有tell ,warn, order , advise等。‎ ‎〖03北京〗____ time,he’ll make a first-class tennis player. ‎ A .Having given B.To give C. Giving D. Given ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗依据题意句子的主语he与give是被动关系, 而选项中只有过去分词given表被动, 故选D项。A项只表示完成, 不能表示被动。‎ ‎〖03北京〗Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech,started to read a novel. ‎ A.tired,boring B.tiring,bored C.tired,bored D.tiring,boring ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗tired “感到厌倦”表示人的心理感受, 要用过去分词；boring“令人厌烦的”表示事情本身所具有的性质或特点。‎ ‎〖03上海〗Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.‎ A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗when+非谓语作状语。本句话的主语the drug与take直接是动宾关系, 故应选B.完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同, 因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when ‎〖03上海〗An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warning before firing any shot.‎ A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句中不定式作主语补足语。order 后应接不定式, 即order sb to do sth ,因此B被排除。又因为issue clear warnings的主语是all the soldiers,, 也就是说all the soldiers是issue的施动者, 所以issue要用主动形式, D也被排除。而且句子也没有强调动作对现在造成的影响, 不必用完成时态。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗_____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.‎ A.The president will attend B. The president to attend C.The president attended D.The president’s attending ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语,句中the president’s为名词所有格充当动名词attending的逻辑主语。‎ ‎〖03年京皖春〗The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____whether he was going in the right direction.‎ A seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗原句应为---and looked as if he was seeing whether he was---,改为简单句就变成---looked as if to see ‎〖02北京〗-- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?‎ ‎ --The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.‎ A. to solving; making B. to solving, made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗the key to中的to是介词, 所以后接动词的ing形式；所以本题选A. made这里是过去分词作demand的后置定语。‎ ‎〖02上海〗Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.‎ A．lacked B．lacking of C．lacking D．lacked in ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查现在分词lacking作状语 ‎〖解析〗本题考查lack（缺少）的用法以及 “连词+现在分词”作状语。lack用作及物动词, 直接接宾语；用作不及物动词, 常接介词for；be lacking in表示缺乏某种品质、性格等, 后接抽象名词；名词lack后则接of。本题应选现在分词lacking作状语, money直接作lacking的宾语。‎ ‎〖02NMET〗Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语, whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth.作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系, 所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。remain to be seen尚待见分晓。‎ ‎〖02 NMET〗It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______ . A. it what to do with B. what to do it with ‎ C. what to do with it D. to do what with it ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查“疑问代词+动词不定式”结构。‎ ‎〖解析〗“疑问词+不定式”作动词knows的宾语, 而to do with sth．“处置, 对付是固定搭配, it是with的宾语, 指the land。what to do with it当于宾语从句what the government should do with it, 比较难理解的是因为它深略掉一部分, 把它补齐了就好翻译了。It is said in Australia there is more land that the government doesn't know to do with than the land which the government knows what to do with.据说, 在澳大利亚, 更多的土地是政府不知道如何开发利用的。‎ ‎〖02NMET〗The research is so designed that once _______nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好, 以致于一旦开始, 什么也无法改变它。 句中once begun作状语, 相当于一个条件状语从句once it is begun, 而主句的主语the research与begin是动宾关系, 所以答案D是正确的。 ‎ ‎〖01 NMET〗_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗题干already暗示suffer的动作已在谓语动作之前发生。由于前半句是阐明后半句too late的原因, 故用现在分词完成时作状语。本题中分词的逻辑主语, 并非句子主语it, 而隐含在句子的宾语river中, 这种特殊情况, 在英语中也是常见的。如：Falling off the bike, the teacher’s leg was hurt.（falling的逻辑主语暗含在主语的定语the teacher之中。）‎ ‎〖01上海春〗In order to improve English,  ________ A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.   B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself. C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.      D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father. 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词逻辑主语。‎ ‎〖解析〗In order to improve English在句子中作目的状语, 它的逻辑主语要和句子的主语(Jenny)一致。这句话的意思是“为了提高自己的英语学习, 珍妮为自己买了许多磁带。”答案选B。 ‎ ‎〖00NMET〗The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.‎ A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗四个选项均为短语动词carry out的不同形式。题干中关系代词that引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词the plan, that表示the plan的意义, 并在定语从句中充当see的宾语。see后跟的是复合宾语结构, 其中宾语that是其后宾补carry out动作的承受者, 故宾补用过去分词, 答案选C。例如：They found the room crowded with people 他们发现屋里挤满了人。‎ ‎〖00NMET〗I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗该题考查疑问词十不定式的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗 “疑问词十带to的不定式”结构, 起名词词组的作用, 在该句中作know的宾语。疑问代词what与不定式to expect之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系, 故最佳答案选B。例如:The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble．孩子太小, 不知道在困境中该怎么办。‎ 十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----非谓语动词 考 点 解 析 ‎【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。‎ ‎【考点PK】 名师考点透析 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 ‎ 英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如： ‎ ‎1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. ‎ 根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。 ‎ 考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 ‎ 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题： ‎ ‎1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. ‎ A) To get B) To have got ‎ C) Getting D) Have got ‎ 一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired ‎ of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。 ‎ 考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨 ‎ 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题： ‎ ‎1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home. ‎ ‎2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. ‎ 这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。 ‎ 请再看下面例题： ‎ ‎3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home. ‎ ‎4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors. ‎ 同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。 ‎ 考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握 ‎ 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如： ‎ ‎____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. ‎ A) Heard B) Having heard ‎ C) Hear D) To hear ‎ 依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。 ‎ 考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变 ‎ 非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题： ‎ ‎1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher. ‎ ‎2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this. ‎ 根据对句式的分析，可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式，即to be，第2题应该填动名词，即waiting。‎ 六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断 [来源:学.科.网]‎ 非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如： ‎ ‎1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother. ‎ 依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。 ‎ ‎【考点汇总】 知识点归纳小结 I.概述 ‎1.基本形式的变化：‎ 不定式：‎ 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have built to have been built John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态） He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式) He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态) This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态) v-ing形式：‎ 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 注意：不及物动词没有被动式 动名词 I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time） He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.） I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)‎ ‎（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）‎ He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)‎ 现在分词 He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)‎ Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)‎ Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)‎ All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)‎ ‎2.所做成分 项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 动词的ing形式 现在分词 ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ 动名词 ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ 不定式 ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ 过去分词 ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ ‎△‎ 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。‎ II.基本知识 ‎1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分 ①作主语。‎ To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.‎ To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。‎ It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。‎ ②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：‎ help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，‎ manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) ‎ He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。‎ He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。‎ I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。 在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。‎ He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。‎ I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。‎ ③作定语（常置于名词之后）。‎ 由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词 代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, ‎ intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)  ‎ She is always the first student to arrive at school.‎ He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。‎ I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。‎ I have no desire to travel. You’ll find something to interest you here. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。‎ I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.‎ I found no one to play with.‎ ④作状语 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒）  (表目的)‎ They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)‎ He tried only to fail. （结果没有成功） ‎ She was  happy to hear the news. (表原因)‎ 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：‎ able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, ‎ frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, ‎ thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.‎ French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。‎ I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.‎ ⑤作独立副词成分。‎ To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.‎ ⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。‎ When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。‎ The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。‎ 注意：‎ ①在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider, ‎ understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。‎ He didn’t know what to do next. I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。‎ ②不定式的复合结构 由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。‎ It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。‎ His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。‎ 由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless, clever, courageous, foolish, good, honest,kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。‎ It’s kind of you to say so.‎ It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!‎ 你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 ③不带to 的动词不定式 ‎▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。‎ The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。‎ 将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. I heard her say that she was fed up.‎ ‎▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, ‎ do nothing but等。‎ I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.‎ They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。‎ ‎▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接 带to的动词不定式。‎ We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。‎ There is no choice but to go there.‎ There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.‎ ‎▲在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to Why argue with him?‎ Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去？‎ ‎2.动名词在句中充当的成分 ①作主语 Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。 Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。 Teaching offers something besides money and power.‎ ②作补语、表语 Seeing is believing. We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。‎ ③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语 建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to 忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop 放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss 坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish 注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to 考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help 允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind 值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河 His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.‎ 他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。‎ All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.‎ 他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。‎ I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.‎ Being ill for a few days,she doesn't feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西 另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻 辑上的动宾关系）。‎ My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)‎ ⑤作定语 它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。‎ The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池 Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法 ⑥作同位语 His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.‎ 注意：‎ ①动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：‎ Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?‎ My closing the door made him angry.‎ I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.‎ ②动名词的某些固定结构 ‎▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.‎ It is no use crying.哭没有用。‎ It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。‎ ‎▲It is + useless+doing sth．‎ It is useless speaking.光说没用。‎ ‎▲There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。‎ There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)‎ There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)‎ ‎▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”‎ Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every ‎ Sunday.)‎ ‎▲be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”‎ He was on the point of leaving.‎ ‎▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”‎ On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)‎ ‎▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)‎ He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.‎ ‎▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中 have difficulty (in) + doing sth ‎ have trouble (in) + doing sth have fun (in) + doing sth/ ‎ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth ‎▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? I don't feel like reading tonight．今晚我不想读书。‎ ‎3.分词在句中充当的成分 ①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。‎ The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went ‎ home.)‎ China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家 The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend. ‎ ‎(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)‎ The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯 注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。‎ ②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。‎ The story is boring.‎ I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)‎ I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)‎ ③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。‎ Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.（时间）‎ Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.（原因）‎ Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.（原因）‎ If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.（条件）‎ Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.（条件）‎ The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.（结果）‎ He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.（伴随）‎ 注意：分词的特殊结构 ①独立主格 有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。‎ That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.‎ Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.‎ ②“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构 常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.‎ ③某些固定结构 generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。‎ Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断 Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.坦率地说 ④catch+宾语+doing I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。‎ If she catches me reading her diary，she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的 注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。‎ Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄 I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲 III.非谓语动词比较 ‎1.做主语和宾语时的比较 一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 Looking after children is her job.照看小孩 To clean the classroom is his job today.打扫教室 I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well. 注意下列重点内容：‎ ①begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式 When we came in, they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.‎ ②有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意 A.remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义 Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Don't forget to write to me soon. I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time. I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔) ‎ ‎ I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry) B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……‎ mean doing：意味着，就是 I am sorry I didn't mean to hurt your feelings， I meant to call on you, but I was so busy. Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. C.stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事（不定式作目的状语）‎ stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语） After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.‎ D.try：try to do，努力，试图干……‎ try doing：试着干……‎ He searched everywhere and tried to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself. They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.‎ E.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要i用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。 These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）. The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).‎ F.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事（不定式作目的状语） go on doing继续干原来同一件事（动名词作宾语） After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing the composition he went on to work out his maths problems.‎ G.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。‎ Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.（放弃）‎ The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. （放弃） She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.（允许）‎ H.be considered to have done被认为已经做了……‎ consider…to be认为是……‎ consider doing考虑做某事 I.be（get）used to doing习惯于……‎ be used to do被用来做……‎ J.can’t help doing情不自禁做……‎ can’t help to do不能帮助做…… 2.做宾补时的比较 不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。 When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. I often hear her sing songs in English in her room. They had the lights burning all night long. I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now. The mother will have the doctor examine her son again. Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut. When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already. When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed. 3.做表语时的比较 ‎ 不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。 Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (=Cleaning offices is her job.) Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.) The news is very exciting.(How is the news?) They are very tired after a long walk. The door is locked now. The children are well dressed these days. 4.做定语时的比较 不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。 a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming a swimming pool=a pool for swimming the boiling water=the water that is boiling 　　drinking water=water for drinking Today I have a letter to write.　　Please find a man to help us. It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.练习你的口语 I like reading books written by Lu Xun. The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的 The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library. The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library. The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now. 5.做状语时的比较 不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末；分词 ‎ 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。‎ ①目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。 The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays. I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report. In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.‎ ②时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。 Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there. Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine. Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination. Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed. After finishing his homework, he went to bed. Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world. When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时 Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复 ③原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。 I am sorry to hear that you are not well. I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让你久等了 We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide. Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium. There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted. 由于没有钱 ‎ ‎ Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away. Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.‎ ④条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。‎ Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.‎ United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.‎ Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.‎ ⑤结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。 He arrived late to find the train gone. I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job. He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbors. His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy.‎ I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath. The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.‎ ⑥让步状语：通常由过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。 Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.‎ ⑦伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。 Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. She came running towards us. They walked along the streets, talking and laughing. He went into the house, followed by some children. He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.‎ IV.关于there be 的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语 ‎1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。‎ ‎2.作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语)  It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)  There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry．‎ 因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) 3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be.‎ It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．‎ 老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。‎ There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．‎ 校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。‎ ‎【考点前瞻】 高考展望及备考建议 随着高考命题改革的深入，命题的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎样变化，还是脱离不了词的基本词义、词与词在使用上的细微差别和基本的语法框架。通过对近几年高考非谓语动词考点的分析、探究，可以看出高考对非谓语动词的考查非常稳定，2011年非谓语动词仍然是重点考查项目。另外，高考考点的“稳定性”告诉我们：高考英语命题有很强的规律性。在复习迎考过程中，一定要反复研究近几年高考试题，将高考热点落到实处，反复咀嚼，反复演练，确保精通。‎ 十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----非谓语动词 知识清单 ‎ 规律方法 ‎1．考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。‎ ‎2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。‎ 命题趋势w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。‎ 突破方法 ‎1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：‎ ‎① 具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。‎ ‎② 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。‎ ‎③ 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动高考资源网词的用法应当烂熟于胸。‎ ‎④ 具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。‎ ‎2．理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。‎ ‎3．解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：‎ ‎① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；‎ ‎② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；‎ ‎③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；‎ ‎④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。‎ 知识清单 清单一 非谓语动词的句法功能 名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 现在分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 过去分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 清单二 分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 ‎1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：‎ I heard her sing an English song just now. ‎ 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。‎ I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.‎ 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。‎ I heard the English song sung many times.‎ 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。‎ 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：‎ I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)‎ I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)‎ ‎2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave ‎ 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。‎ leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）‎ leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）‎ leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做 ‎（不定式表示将来的动作。）‎ 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. ‎ 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）‎ The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. ‎ 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）‎ He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. ‎ 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）‎ We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. ‎ 我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）‎ ‎3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。‎ ‎① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.‎ 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football.‎ Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. ‎ ‎② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）‎ get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. ‎ 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。‎ The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. ‎ 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。‎ 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：‎ I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.‎ 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。‎ Don’t have the water running all the time. ‎ 不要让水流个不停。‎ ‎③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. ‎ I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me. ‎ 二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：‎ advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。如：‎ ‎① An army spokesman stressed that all thd soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. ‎ ‎② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.‎ ‎③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.‎ 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：‎ 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：‎ At that time, I found him crying in the street. ‎ He was caught stealing. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. ‎ The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. ‎ 清单三 不定式、分词作定语用法要点 一、不定式作定语 ‎1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：‎ The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. ‎ There is nothing to worry about. ‎ Please give me a knife to cut with.‎ Here is some paper for you to write on.‎ 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：‎ He had no money and no place to live (in).‎ We found a way to solve this problem (in).‎ ‎2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：‎ Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？‎ ‎（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）‎ Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？‎ ‎（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）‎ ‎3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ 不定式表将来：‎ I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. ‎ 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：‎ He was the best man to do the job.‎ She was the first woman to sin the gold medal in the Olympic Games. ‎ Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. ‎ 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：‎ Do you have the ability to read and write English ?‎ I have to chance to go sight –seeing. ‎ 二、分词作定语 ‎1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V –ing; being + 过去分词；过去分刻画 。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V –ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：‎ The houses being built are for the teachers. ‎ The broken glass is Tom’s. ‎ I have never seen a more moving movie. ‎ ‎2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：‎ falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子 boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）‎ 三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别 这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：‎ Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?‎ He is man loved and respected by all. ‎ Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. ‎ 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：‎ Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. ‎ 不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：‎ The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one. ‎ 清单四 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点 一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help ‎ 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：‎ ‎① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.‎ ‎② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.‎ ‎③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state – run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. ‎ 二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk ‎ 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. ‎ ‎② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. ‎ ‎③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. ‎ 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。‎ ‎1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)‎ can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 例如：‎ ‎① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. ‎ ‎② — The light in the office is still on. ‎ ‎— Oh, I forgot to turn it off. ‎ ‎③ — I usually go there by train. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m ‎— Why not try going by boat for a change ?‎ ‎④ — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ‎ ‎— Well, now I regret having done that. ‎ ‎2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：‎ I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.‎ I’d like to go swimming this weekend. ‎ ‎3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. ‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. ‎ 如：We don’t allow smoking here. ‎ We don’t allow students to smoke. ‎ ‎4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ need / require / want doing / to be done ‎ need / require / want sb. to do sth. ‎ be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing ‎ be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done ‎ 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. ‎ The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.‎ 窗户需要擦一下。‎ The place is worth visiting. ‎ The place is worthy of a visit. ‎ The place is worthy of being visited. ‎ The place is worthy to be visited. ‎ 那个地方值得一去。‎ 如：① only one of these books is worth reading. ‎ ‎② — What do you think of the book ? ‎ ‎— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time. ‎ 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh – 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。‎ 注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：‎ He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)‎ I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)‎ Can you tell me why do it ?‎ 五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：‎ We could do nothing but / other than wait. ‎ We had nothing to do but / other than wait. ‎ We have no choice but to wait. ‎ I can’t choose but laugh. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 清单五 不定式、分词作状语用法要点 一、不定式作状语 He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)‎ They went there to visit their teacher. ‎ 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）‎ He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. ‎ 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）‎ My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. ‎ 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）‎ 在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：‎ I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。‎ I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。‎ 在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：‎ He was too excited not to say a few words. ‎ 他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。‎ He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。‎ She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。‎ 注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。‎ He got up early in order to catch the first bus. ‎ 他早起为了赶上第一班车。‎ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. ‎ 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。‎ To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)‎ To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. ‎ To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)‎ 二、分词作状语 ‎1．分词作状语形式的选择 形式 意义 V + ing (doing)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。‎ having + V + ed ‎(having done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。‎ V + ed (done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ being + V + ed ‎(being done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。‎ having been + V +ed ‎(having been done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。‎ ‎2．分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。‎ 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。‎ ‎3．分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：‎ Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)‎ Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)‎ Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)‎ Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)‎ The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)‎ Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)‎ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)‎ ‎4．独立成分作状语 有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：‎ Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说 Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……‎ To tell you the truth … 说实话 清单六 非谓语动词其它用法 一、疑问词 + 不定式结构 疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：高.考.资.源.网 I didn’t know what to do. (宾语)‎ When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)‎ My question was how to get so many books. (表语)‎ 注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?‎ 二、不定式的主动和被动 ‎1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：‎ Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?‎ ‎(A knife cuts the watermelon.)‎ ‎2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：‎ She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)‎ I know what to do. (I do what.)‎ ‎3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：‎ This book is difficult to understand. ‎ This kind of fish is nice to eat. ‎ ‎4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：‎ There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )‎ There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )‎ 请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：‎ There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)‎ There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)‎ 三、不定式符号to 的保留问题 有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。‎ 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：‎ I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. ‎ ‎— Are you on holiday ? ‎ ‎— No, but I’d like to be. ‎ ‎— I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。‎ ‎— Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的。‎ 四、动名词作主语 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。‎ It is / was no use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.‎ It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was useless ‎ 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。‎ It is of little good staying up too late every day. ‎ 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。‎ Seeing is believing. ‎ To see is to believe. ‎ 眼见为实。‎ 五、注意以下表达的意义区别 falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶 boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. ‎ Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. ‎ The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) ‎ 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。‎ His frightening shout scared the boys again. ‎ ‎( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )‎ 他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。‎ 类似的还有：‎ an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He ‎ He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。‎ He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。‎ I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. ‎ ‎(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。‎ I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. ‎ ‎(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。‎