2018高考英语专题短文改错

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2018高考英语专题短文改错

‎2018高考英语专题---短文改错 压轴题高分策略之错词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错中,错词所占比重最高,常占整篇短文改错10题中的的6个小题左右。错词的情况也最为复杂,常见的有:动词错误;名词错误;连词错误;冠词错误;形容词和副词错误;代词错误;非谓语动词常见错误;介词错误;习惯用法错误以及逻辑上的错误等。‎ ‎1. 动词的常见错误 ‎① 一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ‎ ‎② and前后动词时态不一致;‎ ‎③ 主谓不一致; ‎ ‎④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词; ‎ ‎⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用; ‎ ‎⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。‎ They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.‎ ‎【答案】did改为do As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. ks5uks5uks5u]‎ ‎【答案】visiting改为visited ‎【思路分析】‎ 通读全句可知,句子的整个时态为一般过去时,有三个并列的谓语动词,分别为fed,visiting和told。很明显,并列连词and前后的动词时态应该保持一致,所以应该把visiting改为visited。 ks5uks5uks5u]‎ One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.‎ ‎【答案】was改为were ‎【思路分析】‎ when引导的从句的主语是her parents,因此谓语动词应该用复数形式were。‎ There will an important game next month.‎ ‎【答案】will后加be ‎【思路分析】‎ will是情态动词,不能单独作为谓语使用,需在will后边加上对应的谓语动词。在这里需要加上系动词be。‎ ‎【触类旁通】‎ ‎ 情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), dare(dared), need(needed), ought to等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语。‎ ‎2. 名词的常见错误 ‎ I’ll get good marks in all my subject.‎ ‎【答案】subject改为subjects ‎【思路分析】‎ ‎ subject作“学科”讲时,为可数名词。再根据前边的修饰语all可以得出,subject应该用复数形式。‎ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)‎ ‎【答案】knowledges改为knowledge Their word were a great encouragement to me.‎ ‎【答案】word改为words ‎【思路分析】‎ ‎ 句子的谓语为复数形式were,所以主语应该用word的复数形式,words指的是“所说的话”。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 名词的常见错误主要有:单复数名词错用;可数名词与不可数名词的区分;根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断名词的单复数形式。‎ ‎3. 连词错误 I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.‎ ‎【答案】but改为and ‎【思路分析】‎ 根据句意可知,teach them,play with them和watch them growing up为并列关系,不存在转折的意思,所以应该把but改为and。ks5u ‎【触类旁通】‎ 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。‎ 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。主要包括:1. 表示转折:but,yet,while等;2. 表示选择:or,either…or…,neither…nor…,otherwise等;3. 表示联合:and,not…only…but also…,when(=and just at this time就在这时)等;4. 表示因果:for,so等。‎ You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球,但我爱看书。‎ Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。‎ Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅讲得更正确,而且也更不费劲了。‎ He told me to do it, so I did it. 他让我这样做,于是我就这样做了。‎ 从属连词主要用来连接两个或两个以上的分句。主要包括:1. 引导时间状语从句:when, while,as,whenever,before,after,since,until,till,as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,no sooner…than,hardly…when等;2. 引导条件状语从句:if,unless,as/so long as,in case等; 3. 引导目的状语从句:in order that,so that,in case,for fear等;4. 引导结果状语从句:so that,so…that,such…that等;5. 引导原因状语从句:because,as,since,now that等;6. 引导让步状语从句:although,though,even though/if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等;7. 引导方式状语从句:as,like,as if/though等;8. 引导地点状语从句:where,wherever,everywhere等;9. 引导比较状语从句:than,as…as等。 ‎ We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。‎ He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。‎ Most men worked until/till they’re 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。‎ In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记了,请提醒我一下。‎ ‎4. 冠词错误 We may be one family and live under a same roof. ‎ ‎【答案】a 改为the ‎【名师点拨】ks5uks5uKs5u.Com]‎ 单数可数名词前用a还是an,由名词的第一个音节决定,第一个音节是元音,用an;第一个音节是辅音,用a。另外在平时的学习中,还要注意对含有a和the的固定搭配的用法的记忆。‎ ‎5. 形容词和副词错误 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]‎ ‎【答案】wonderfully改为wonderful ‎【思路分析】time是名词,所以要用形容词wonderful修饰。‎ My pronunciation was terribly.‎ ‎【答案】terribly改为terrible ‎【思路分析】was为be动词,后跟形容词terrible。ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ ‎(1) 系动词后用形容词:be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel等;‎ ‎(2) 词性的误用:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰实义动词和形容词。‎ ‎6. 代词错误 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. ‎ ‎【答案】me改为myself Each of them learned to work for his team and not for him on the football field.‎ ‎【答案】him改为himself ‎【思路分析】由句意可知,应该用反身代词himself。ks5uks5uKs5u]‎ What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.‎ ‎【答案】him改为them ‎【思路分析】your pupils为复数形式,应该用跟其对应的代词them。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 代词错误一般有以下几种情况:‎ ‎(1) 代词的主格和宾格:I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us ;they/them;‎ ‎(2) 反身代词:myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves;‎ ‎(3) 代词的单数和复数。‎ ‎7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. ‎ ‎【答案】talk改为talking ‎【思路分析】enjoy后需跟动名词形式。‎ But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.‎ ‎【答案】go改为going ‎【思路分析】going to the college作think引导的宾语从句的主语。‎ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.‎ ‎【答案】read改为reading ‎【思路分析】the habit of是固定搭配,后跟动名词,意思是“……的习惯”。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 非谓语动词错误常包括以下几种情况:‎ ‎(1) 不定式、动名词作主语或宾语;‎ ‎(2) and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时);‎ ‎(3) 介词后用动名词形式作宾语;‎ ‎(4) 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。‎ ‎8. 介词错误 There are too many people among my family. ‎ ‎【答案】among改为in ‎【名师点拨】‎ 短文改错中介词错误通常包括:词组中介词的误用以及由于理解错误而造成的介词错用。考生除了要准确把握介词的用法外,也要准确记忆固定搭配中的介词的用法。ks5uks5uKs5u.Com]‎ ‎9. 习惯用法错误 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 ‎ It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of ‎【答案】for改为of ‎【思路分析】it is kind of sb. to do sth.是习惯搭配,意思是“某人做某事很友善。”‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 习惯用法在短文改错中的错误主要考查的是对英语中习惯搭配方面基础知识的掌握情况。也需要考生特殊记忆。‎ ‎10. 逻辑错误 ‎… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. ‎ ‎【答案】someone改为everyone ‎【名师点拨】‎ 短文改错中逻辑方面的错误通常指的是,‎ 与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误等。‎ 二、解题技巧与方法总结 短文改错中,错词涉及到的知识点非常多,主要包括词法错误、句法错误、行文逻辑等。具体来说就是,一致原则、非谓语动词的误用、词性混用、词语搭配错误等。‎ ‎1. 一致原则 判断一致原则使用是否正确,大家可从以下几方面考虑:主谓是否一致;连词连接的两个成分的词性是否一致;时态是否一致;观察上下文,看代词的指代内容是什么;连词使用是否符合逻辑。‎ ‎2. 非谓语动词的误用ks5uks5uKs5u]‎ 由于自身特点和复杂性,非谓语动词是中学生较难掌握语法项目之一,也是短文改错命题的一个热点。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外,还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。‎ 短文改错中关于非谓语动词类的错误,可以遵循下面规律进行修改:‎ ‎ (1) 对比时间:对照谓语动词的时间,确定非谓语动词的时态形式。‎ ‎(2) 辨明逻辑:从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态。‎ ‎(3) 两方面结合,判断时态、语态混合形式 ‎3. 词性混用 词性混用主要指的是,名词和形容词之间、形容词和副词之间词性的变化及其用法。需要考生在平时的学习中准确掌握这类词的用法。‎ ‎4. 词语搭配错误 词语搭配涉及的知识点也比较多,最为重要的有介词和名词的固定搭配,动词与介词或副词的搭配,动词与非谓语动词的搭配,以及某些句型的固定搭配等都会成为短文改错的考查点。这类错误的类型很多,内容涉及宽泛,需要考生在平时的学习中加强积累。‎ 总的来说,短文改错应该遵循以下几个原则:‎ 第一,错误以改动最少为原则。这是指每行最多只能改动一处,即在一个词上进行改动,可以是增词、减词、改词,但无论是何种改动,只能是增加一词,减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。没有错误的一行只需打勾表明正确而无需改动。‎ 第二,虚词以添加或者删除为原则。需要添删的词一般都是冠词、代词、介词、关系词等;而动词、名词等轻易不能添删,否则会改变句子原意。‎ But he was even more surprised to see few children near the tiger’s cage .‎ 第三,实词以改变形式为原则。在改错过程中,对实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式,不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词,更不能随便添删。ks5uks5uKs5u]‎ Would you mind do me a favour ?‎ ‎【思路分析】‎ do改为doing。但有些考生把mind给删去了,使原句成为Would you do me a favour? 这样改虽然纠正了语法错误,但是句子的语气却变得很不委婉。故不是正确答案。‎ 第四,原意以保持不变为原则。一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则(即不能改变文章或作者所要表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系),只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑错误进行改正,且要小改而不大改。‎ 三、针对性训练ks5uks5uks5uKS5U]‎ ‎1. I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort.‎ ‎2. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.‎ ‎3. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.‎ ‎4. After learning the basic of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me.‎ ‎5. I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends that a great time I had.‎ ‎6. I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together.‎ ‎7. As we climbed the mountains, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.‎ ‎8. Now someone at home reads instead.‎ ‎9. We had a pleased trip, but we were all a little tired.‎ ‎10. We all thought high of him who reduced the high price.‎ ‎【答案及解析】‎ 1. watch改为watching ‎【解析】and连接的是并列结构,and后缺少主语,所以将watch改为watching。‎ 2. is改为are ‎【解析】句中my picture and the prize为并列主语,所以谓语动词应用复数形式,故将is改为are。‎ 3. his改为their ‎【解析】句子主语the Smiths为复数,与之对应的人称代词应该是their,不是his。‎ 1. practically改为practical 2. that改为what ‎【解析】句中的感叹句作told的宾语,that应该改为what。‎ 3. when改为which或that,或者删掉when ‎【解析】spend是及物动词,需要关系代词作宾语,所以要把when改为which或that,或者删除when。‎ 4. visiting改为visited ‎【解析】句中用了三个并列谓语,所以应该将visiting改为visited。‎ 5. someone改为everyone ‎【解析】根据上文可知,电视机卖掉以后全家人都看书,故应someone 改为 everyone。‎ 6. pleased→pleasant ‎【解析】形容词应用错误。pleased"感到高兴的",用于说明人的情感;pleasant"令人高兴的",用于说明事物的特征。‎ 7. high→highly ‎【解析】副词搭配错误。high用作副词,表示具体概念上的"高地",highly用作副词,表示抽象意义上的"高度地"。ks5u 版权所有:高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)‎
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