语法填空高考真题

语法填空高考真题

语 法 填 空 ‎2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题08 语法填空 一、2019年高考真题 ‎ I.记叙文 ‎1. 【2019·全国卷I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。‎ ‎ 61. ‎ ‎【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。‎ ‎ 62. ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。‎ ‎ 63. ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。‎ ‎ 64. ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。‎ ‎ 65. ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。‎ ‎ 66. ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。‎ ‎ 67. ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。‎ ‎ 68. ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎ 69. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。‎ ‎ 70. ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。‎ ‎2. 【2019·全国卷II】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time ‎ employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”‎ Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。‎ ‎61.‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。‎ ‎62.‎ ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。‎ ‎63.‎ ‎【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。‎ ‎64.‎ ‎【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。‎ ‎65.‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。‎ ‎66.‎ ‎【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。‎ ‎67.‎ ‎【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。‎ ‎68.‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。‎ ‎69.‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。‎ ‎70.‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。‎ ‎3. 【2019·全国卷III】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.‎ We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.‎ When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。‎ ‎61.‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。‎ ‎62.‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。‎ ‎63.‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。‎ ‎64.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。‎ ‎65.‎ ‎【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。‎ ‎66.‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。‎ ‎67.‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。‎ ‎68.‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。‎ ‎69.‎ ‎【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。‎ ‎70.‎ ‎【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。‎ ‎4. 【2019·浙江卷】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___‎ ‎ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.‎ But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.‎ School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。‎ ‎56. has/will have ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。‎ ‎57.the ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。‎ ‎58. that/which ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。‎ ‎59. cycling ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。‎ ‎60. easily ‎【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。‎ ‎61. to ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。‎ ‎62. improved ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。‎ ‎63. to wear ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。‎ ‎64. connection/connections ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。‎ ‎65. traditional ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。‎ ‎5. 【2019·北京卷】‎ 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ A On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。‎ ‎1.voiced ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。‎ ‎2.facing ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。‎ ‎3.myself ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。‎ B Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。‎ ‎4.marked ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。‎ ‎5.in ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。‎ ‎6.activities ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。‎ C Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的 等的广泛使用，睡眠已从其自然水平上减少了。 该空修饰后面的名词level，应该用形容词性物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎5. expectation ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：人们期望我们每晚睡八到九个小时，如果我们将现代科技拿开，我们就会睡得更多。该题【解析】考查There be+n.结构，该空作表语，因此应该填名词。且根据“There be+n.结构中，be动词和n.保持形式上的一致”原则，该空应该填单数名词expectation。‎ ‎6. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们第一次证明这不是事实。truth经常和定冠词the连用，故该空填the。‎ ‎7. who ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大多数接受研究的人每晚睡眠时间不到7个小时，平均睡眠时间只有6小时25分钟。___7___were studied是定语，修饰those，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，当先行词为those时，引导词只能用who。故填who。‎ ‎8. recommended ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这比西方社会经常推荐的8小时要少得多。该空作定语，修饰the eight hours，the eight hours和recommend之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作定语，故填recommended。‎ ‎9. with ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：尽管如此，与工业化社会的人相比，研究人员身体健康，肥胖率更低，血压水平更好，心脏更健康。该空后面是三个名词，且该空表示伴随情况，故该空填介词with。‎ ‎10. healthier ‎【解析】考查比较级。句意：尽管如此，与工业化社会的人相比，研究人员身体健康，肥胖率更低，血压水平更好，心脏更健康。该空修饰名词hearts，应用形容词。且根据前文的lower，better可知，该空应该填healthy的比较级，故填healthier。‎ ‎3.湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟（三)英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”, they are full of reasons. 1 America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change. Since 2 start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3 45% of the gain in world GDP. In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme poverty; today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing-power, 4 (rise) ten times since 1990.‎ China’s amazing 5 (perform) has greatly affected the world’s economic output. The Economist has worked out a geographic center of the global economy by 6 (take) an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7 (measure) by its GDP. At the height of America’s control, this point 8 (previous) sat in the north Atlantic. But China has pulled it so far east 9 the global center of economic gravity 10 (be) now in Siberia.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国对世界经济的影响。‎ ‎1. Although/While/Though ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然美国仍然是唯一的超级大国。但中国在全球变化中负有重要责任。根据句意可知此处表示“虽然、尽管”，故填Although/While/Though。‎ ‎2. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：例如，自2008年金融危机爆发以来，中国占全球GDP增长的45%。此处特指2008年金融危机的爆发（开始），故填the。‎ ‎3. for ‎【解析】考查固定短语。句意参考上题解析，account for表示“（比例）占”，故填for。‎ ‎4. has risen ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：按购买实力计算，中国人均GDP自1990年增长了10倍。主语是GDP per person，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“since 1990”表明用现在完成时，故填has risen。‎ ‎5. performance ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：中国惊人的表现极大地影响了世界经济的产值。此处用名词作主语，故填performance。‎ ‎6. taking ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：《经济学人》用每个国家的经纬度平均值计算出了全球经济的地理中心，这是通过GDP来衡量的。介词by后用动名词作宾语，故填taking。‎ ‎7. measured ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，an average of each country’s latitude and longitude与measure之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故填measured。‎ ‎8. previously ‎【解析】考查副词。句意：在美国的高度控制下，这个点以前位于北大西洋。修饰动词或句子用副词，故填previously。‎ ‎9. that ‎【解析】考查状语从句。句意：但是中国将其拉得如此之远以至于全球经济中心现在在西伯利亚。根据句意可知此处用so…that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，故填that。‎ ‎10. is ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题解析，主语是the global center of economic gravity，谓语用第三人称单数，“now”表明用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 注意so that与so…that只差了一个省略号，差别却很大，二者的区别在于：so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，相当于in order to，常放于句中，如，She studies hard so that she can get a good grade in the final exam.她努力学习是为了在期末考试中取得一个好成绩；so…that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，如，I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。‎ ‎4.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟（二)最后一卷 ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A group of students from China’s Tibet Autonomous Region set out from Lhasa on Friday to kick off a sports tour in Beijing. ‎ The eight middle school students from Damxung County， 1 (locate) in the north of Lhasa, will visit the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube. Afterwards, the group will take training classes with professional football 2 (coach) from Spain. ‎ ‎ “I started playing football in primary school. Now I’m a little nervous but 3 (excite) about the journey. It’s my first time 4 (leave) my hometown,” said sixteen-year-old Teazin Phuntsok，35. (add) that the place he wants to visit the most in Beijing is the Bird’s Nest. ‎ Tenzin, along with 6 (he) fellow students, was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of 7 are from remote regions in Tibet. The tour they are about to take is a part of “Free Football for All,” 8 project launched by Samaranch Foundation in 2013. In order to promote football and the country’s new national fitness program, the project has organized football training for young people in grassroots football leagues across China. Samaranch Foundation 9 (found) in 2012. It is named 10 former International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方，这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2013年发起的“全民自由足球”项目的一部分。‎ ‎1. located ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自拉萨北部大雄县的八名中学生将参观鸟巢和水立方。be located in表示“位于”，此处去掉be作状语，故填located。‎ ‎2. coaches ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：之后，他们将与来自西班牙的职业足球教练一起上训练课。coach是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填coaches。‎ ‎3. excited ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：我有点紧张但又很兴奋。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到……的”，故填excited。‎ ‎4. to leave ‎【解析】考查不定式。句意：这是我第一次离开家乡。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语，故填to leave。‎ ‎5. adding ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的Teazin Phuntsok说“这是我第一次离开家乡”，他又补充说在北京他最想参观的地方是鸟巢。Teazin Phuntsok与add之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填adding。‎ ‎6. his ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：Teazin和他的同学是从60多名候选人中选出来的，他们都来自西藏偏远地区。修饰名词fellow students用形容词性物主代词，故填his。‎ ‎7. whom ‎【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意参考上题解析，关系词指代先行词candidates，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。‎ ‎8. a ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：他们即将参加的这次旅行是萨马兰奇基金会2013年发起的“全民自由足球”项目的一部分。此处泛指一个项目，故填a。‎ ‎9. was founded ‎【解析】考查时态语态。句意：萨马兰奇基金会是2012年成立的。Samaranch Foundation 与found之间是被动关系，而且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was founded。‎ ‎10. after ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：它是以前国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇的名字命名的。name after表示“以……命名”，故填after。‎ ‎5.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模英语试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Future Life on Mars Compared with the life we 1 (live) on the earth now, the future life on Mars will be 2 (total) different.‎ Firstly, without pollution on Mars, people will be able to drink cleaner water 3 breathe fresher air, so they will be 4 (health).The food on Mars will be different from 5 food now. People will just take 6 (pill) and drink man-made juice instead of eating bread and meat. Secondly, people will travel back to the earth or to other planets for sightseeing by spaceship. Additionally, there will be no 7 (fix) school and classrooms. Children will just fly to 8 classroom 9 the school spaceships. And people won’t work in factories or companies. They can stay at home, 10 ( work) with computers.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了未来火星上的生活。‎ ‎41. are living ‎【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：与我们现在地球上的生活比较，未来火星上的生活将完全不同。由“ now”可知，本句为现在进行时。故填 are living 。‎ ‎42. totally ‎【解析】考查副词。句意：与我们现在地球上的生活比较，未来火星上的生活将完全不同。totally 为副词修饰形容词different。故填totally 。‎ ‎43.and ‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：首先，火星上没有污染，人们将能喝更干净的水，呼吸更新鲜的空气，所以他们会更健康。分析句意可知，本句表示两个动作的并列，所以连词为and。故填and 。‎ ‎44.healthier ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：首先，火星上没有污染，人们将能喝更干净的水，呼吸更新鲜的空气，所以他们会更健康。由“ cleaner ，fresher ”可知，空处填healthy的比较级healthier。故填healthier。‎ ‎45.our ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物。分析句意可知，本句在说明火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词来修饰food。故填our。‎ ‎46.pills ‎【解析】考查名词复数。句意：人们将只吃药片，喝人造果汁，而不是吃面包和肉。take pills“吃药”，其中pill为可数名词，其前无任何修饰词，所以用pill的复数pills。故填pills 。‎ ‎47.fixed ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：此外，将没有固定的学校和教室。fixed为形容词修饰名词 school and classrooms。故填fixed 。‎ ‎48. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞到教室。分析句子可知，本句特指教室，所以用定冠词the来特指教室。故填the。‎ ‎49. in ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞往教室。 in the school spaceships“乘宇宙飞船”。in“……内部”。故填in。‎ ‎50.working ‎【解析】考查现在分词。句意：他们可以呆在家里，用电脑工作。分析句子可知，they与work在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填working。‎ ‎6.江西省上高二中2019届高三5月全真模拟 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Almost all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted(融化), scientists have confirmed, 1 (throw) communities living around 2 (it) shores into disorder. The region’s ice cover 3 (normal) lasts for at least another month, and this year it has disappeared earlier than any other year except 2017.‎ Living in 4 northern Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia, the Bering Sea is experiencing the climate change and has drawn attention this year for record-breaking levels of winter melting. In February, rising Arctic temperatures 5 (lead) to around half the region’s disappearing in the space of two weeks.‎ A report 6 (send) by the International Arctic Research Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has outlined the real-world effects of these surprising environmental 7 (change) on the many communities 8 live in the Bering Sea region.‎ In their report, the International Arctic Research Centre scientists wrote that while not every year will be as bad as this one, ice 9 (form) is likely to remain low if the Bering Sea’s waters remain warm. They also warn that communities will need to “prepare for more winters 10 low sea ice and stormy conditions”.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已经融化，影响了周围地区的生活。‎ ‎1. throwing ‎【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知throw在句中做状语，与逻辑主语“all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted”为逻辑上的主谓关系，要用其现在分词形式，故填throwing.‎ ‎2. its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：科学家们已经证实，几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已融化，使生活在其海岸周围的社区陷入混乱。分析句子可知空格处修饰shores, 是指白令海（它的）的海岸，故填its。‎ ‎3. normally ‎【解析】考查副词。空格处修饰动词cover, 要用副词，故填normally。‎ ‎4. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。northern Pacific Ocean为地名，海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称前一般要加定冠词the, 故填the。‎ ‎5. led ‎【解析】‎ 考查时态。分析句子可知lead在句中为谓语，与主语之间是主动关系，根据时间状语In February可知应用一般过去时，故填led。‎ ‎6. sent ‎【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知send在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语a report之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用send的过去分词形式，故填sent。‎ ‎7. changes ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。change为可数名词，根据these可知要用其复数形式，故填changes。‎ ‎8. which/that ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知 ___ live in the Bering Sea region.为定语从句，缺少引导词。先行词为many communities指物，引导词在从句中做主语，所以用which/that引导。故填which/that。‎ ‎9. formation ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：在他们的报告中，国际北极研究中心的科学家写道，虽然不是每年都会像这次一样糟糕，但如果白令海的水域保持温暖，冰的形成（概率）可能会很低。空格处做句子的主语，要填名词，form的名词形式为formation, 且ice formation为固定搭配，意为“冻结成冰，成冰作用”符合句意。故填formation。‎ ‎10. with ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：他们还警告社区要为以后更多具有低海浮冰和暴风雨天气状况的冬天做准备。with意为“具有带有”符合句意，且with放在这里形成with结构做winter的后置定语，故填with。‎ ‎7.山西省太原市第五中学2019届高三下学期阶段性检测 ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ While not everyone will have pondered (思索) the subject while staring out of the window during 1 flight, the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.‎ Over the years, aerospace engineering 2 (make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology, meaning planes can carry 3 passengers and go faster. The planes have also changed shape to increase safety — including the windows.‎ In the 1950s, 4 jetliners were starting to become mainstream, the De Havilland Comet came 5 fashion. With a pressurised cabin, it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.‎ ‎ 6 , the plane had square windows and in 1953 two planes fell apart in the air, 7 (kill) 56 people in total.‎ The reason for the 8 (crash) ? The windows.‎ ‎ 9 there’s a corner, there’s a weak spot. Windows, having four corners, have four potential weak spots, making them likely to crash under stress — such as air pressure.‎ By curving the window, the stress that would 10 (eventual) crack the window corner is distributed and the likelihood of it breaking is reduced.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但飞机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户这个问题很有趣。文章讲述了飞机窗户改进的有关事宜。‎ ‎61.a ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但飞机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户这个问题很有趣。此处用不定冠词来表示一类事情，故答案为a。‎ ‎62.has made ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：多年来，航空航天工程在飞机技术上取得了巨大的飞跃，这意味着飞机可以搭载更多的乘客，速度更快。根据Over the years“在最近的这些年里”，所以句子用现在完成时态，且主语是aerospace engineering，单数第三人称形式，故答案为has made。‎ ‎63.more ‎ 【解析】考查比较级。句意：多年来，航空航天工程在飞机技术上取得了巨大的飞跃，这意味着飞机可以搭载更多的乘客，速度更快。根据faster，可知此处用比较级，故答案为more。‎ ‎64.when ‎ 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪50年代，喷气式客机开始成为主流，the De Havilland Comet成为时尚。此处the 1950s是先行词，在后面的定语从句作时间状语从句，故答案为when。‎ ‎65.into ‎ 【解析】考查固定词组。句意：20世纪50年代，当喷气式客机开始成为主流时，the De Havilland Comet开始流行起来。固定词组：come into fashion“流行起来”。故答案为into。‎ ‎66. However ‎【解析】考查表示转折的副词。句意：然而，这架飞机的窗户是方形的，1953年，两架飞机在空中解体，造成56人死亡。此句与上文构成一种转折关系，故答案为However。‎ ‎67.killing ‎ 【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：然而，这架飞机的窗户是方形的，1953年，两架飞机在空中解体，造成56人死亡。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语，故答案为killing。‎ ‎ 68. crashes ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。句意：事故的原因是什么?结合上文的“两架飞机在空中解体”，说明此处的名词用复数形式，故答案为crashes。‎ ‎69.where ‎ 【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：有角落的地方，就有弱点。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。故答案为Where。‎ ‎70. eventually ‎ 【解析】考查词形转换。句意：通过弯曲窗户，最终会使窗户角开裂的应力分布，从而降低了窗户破裂的可能性。此处crack是动词，由副词修饰，故答案为eventually。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为the 1950s，再分析先行词the 1950s在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the 1950s带到从句中可知，只能作时间状语，故确定关系词为when。‎ ‎8.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模 ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck once 1 (write), “Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but 2 manner of traveling.” But traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the movie Green Book.‎ The movie 3 (adapt) from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires Italian-American Tony to drive him to performances, but they face problems because of Shirley’s skin color. These problems enable them 4 (form) a special friendship.‎ ‎“There’s something so deeply right about this movie, so true 5 the time, said US film critic LaSalle. The time La Salle is talking about was between 1876 and 1963, 6 African-Americans experienced a very different and difficult period. Many parts of the country had Jim Crow laws, which allowed 7 （race） segregation (隔离). But in 1936, a blackmail carrier named Victor H. Green published a list of friendly 8 (business) as a small book with a green cover. The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely. Then in 1964, Jim Crow laws went away. The book went away, too.‎ Today many US people still remember the time of Jim Crow laws. But they 9 (probable) don’t know ‎ about The Green Book. It’s a 10 (forget) part of the story.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第91届奥斯卡最佳影片《绿皮书》，这个影片讲述了一位黑人雇主和白人司机一路向南的旅行故事。如今，很多美国人还记得《吉姆-克劳法》存在的那个年代，但是他们可能不知道《绿皮书》。它是这个故事被遗忘的部分。‎ ‎1. wrote ‎【解析】考查一般过去时态。由once可知这题要用一般过去时态，故答案为wrote。‎ ‎2.a ‎ 【解析】考查不定冠词。a manner of...“……的方式（与前面的a station对应。“幸福不是你要达到的一个车站，而是一种旅行的方式。”故答案为a。‎ ‎3. was adapted ‎【解析】考查一般过去时态的被动语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事，且时间为过去，故答案为was adapted。‎ ‎4. to form ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。enable sb. to do使某人能够做某事。故答案为to form。‎ ‎5.to ‎ 【解析】考查介词。true to sth.“精确的，真实的，逼真的”。故答案为to。‎ ‎6.when ‎ 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：La Salle所说的时间是在1876年到1963年之间，当时非洲裔美国人经历了一个非常不同和困难的时期。此处between 1876 and 1963是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。‎ ‎7.racial ‎ 【解析】考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词segregation，故答案为racial。‎ ‎8.business ‎ 【解析】考查名词复数。由a list of可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。‎ ‎9.probably ‎ 【解析】考查副词。此处probably修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。‎ ‎10. forgotten ‎【解析】考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：这是故事中被遗忘的一部分。由文意可知，forget和part 之间是一种被动关系，The Green Book是被人们遗忘的部分，所以用过去分词来做前置定语。故答案为forgotten。‎ ‎9.河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评 ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.‎ In China, calligraphy is referred to8 2 shufa. Chinese calligraphy has 3 long tradition, and is today regarded as one of the arts in the countries 4 it is practiced. Chinese calligraphy 85. (focus) not only on methods of writing but also on cultivating one's character.‎ Chinese calligraphy is a farm of aesthetically pleasing writing. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been 6 ( general) held in high esteem across East Asia.‎ Calligraphy 7 (consider) as one of the four best friends of ancient Chinese literati, along with playing stringed musical instrument, the board game "go", and painting. There are some general standardizations of the 8 (vary) styles of calligraphy in this tradition.‎ Chinese calligraphy and ink and wash painting are closely related: they are accomplished 9 (use) similar tools and techniques, and have a long history of shared artistry. Distinguishing features of Chinese painting and calligraphy include an emphasis on motion charged with dynamic life. Calligraphy has also led to the development of many 10 (form) of art in China, including seal carving, ornate paperweights, and inkstones.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统艺术形式——书法。‎ ‎1. related ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related to与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。‎ ‎2.as ‎【解析】考查短语。短语be referred to as被认为是。句意：在中国，书法被称为“书法”。故填as。‎ ‎3.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。名词tradition为可数名词，前用不定冠词a。句意：中国书法有着悠久的传统。故填a。‎ ‎4.where ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句中先行词countries，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。句意：在今天的国家书法被认为是一门艺术。故填where。‎ ‎5. focuses ‎【解析】考查时态。根据文章可知，用一般现在时，主语为单数形式，故用第三人称单数。句意：中国书法不仅注重书写方法，而且注重品格的培养。故填focuses。‎ ‎6. generally ‎【解析】考查副词。修饰动词held，前用副词形式。句意：这种表达方式在中国得到了广泛的应用，在东亚地区也受到了普遍的尊重。故填generally。‎ ‎7. is considered ‎【解析】考查语态。主语Calligraphy与动词consider之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：书法被认为是中国古代文人最好的四个朋友之一。故填is considered。‎ ‎8.various ‎【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词styles，前用形容词形式。句意：在这一传统中，各种书法风格都有一些普遍的规范。故填various。‎ ‎9.using ‎ 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中的逻辑主语为人，与动词use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，句意：它们都是用相似的工具和技术完成的，并且有着悠久的共同艺术历史。故填using。‎ ‎10. forms ‎【解析】考查名词数。名词form为可数名词，根据前面的many修饰可知，用复数形式。句意：书法也促进了中国许多艺术形式的发展。故填forms。 ‎