上海高考英语词汇手册新增词汇详解版

上海高考英语词汇手册新增词汇详解版

‎2019上海高考英语考纲词汇新变化（详解版）‎ ‎（说明：黄色字体代表新增加的词汇及新语义；蓝色字体代表语义新变化；红色字体代表语义已删除。）‎ ‎1. about prep. 关于；在……周围；在……各处；在……附近；（时间上）在……前后（或左右）‎ ad.在四周；到处 ‎2. allowance   n. 津贴，补贴；零用钱 Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance.（2013嘉定一模）‎ 很多孩子首先通过领取津贴来学习金钱的价值。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. alphabet  n.（一种语言的）全部字母，字母表；初步，入门；基础知识 V lies in U and W in the English alphabet.‎ 在英语字母表中，V位于U与W之间。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. annual  a. 每年的；年度的   n. 年刊 She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.‎ 她将帮助温迪准备她的年度报告。（2017普陀一模）‎ King's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. ‎ 国王学院暑期学校是一项针对各级高中生，希望提高英语水平的年度培训课程。(2017金山中学)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. anymore  ad.再也（不），（不）再 He noticed that he didn’t think about smoking anymore.  他注意到他不再考虑吸烟了。(2016徐汇区二模)‎ You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore.‎ 你不会有任何理由再逃课了。(2018奉贤二模)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. app n.（下载到智能手机或平板电脑等设备上使用的）应用软件；应用程序（application的缩略）‎ You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after using the app for a while. 在使用该应用程序一段时间后，您可能会惊讶地发现星巴克的菜肴数量。(2018徐汇一模)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. applaud ‎ vt. 向…鼓掌；向……喝彩；称赞 vi. 鼓掌；喝彩 ‎8. appliance  n. 器具；器械 They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for each appliance.‎ 他们将能够收集有关每个器械的能源使用情况的实时信息。（2013闵行二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. application ‎ n. 应用；申请（表）；（计）应用程序 I was actually hoping you could write me a reference letter for my law school application.‎ 我实际上希望你能给我写一封我的法学院申请的推荐信。（2017崇明一模）‎ The robotic fly has been put into wide application.‎ 机器人飞行已被广泛应用。(2013上海高考)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. arouse ‎ vt. 唤醒；引起；使……奋发；使……行动起来 ‎ vi. 醒来；发奋 Welcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. 欢迎来到一个前所未有的奇迹世界，在这里您可以唤起内心的神奇梦想。（2017虹口一模）‎ But I strongly support this kind of activity which may arouse people's concern about the environment by using less power.‎ 但我强烈支持这种可能会通过减少用电来引起人们对环境的关注的活动。 （2011普陀二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11. arrive   vi. 到达；到来；达成(at)‎ Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions.‎ 太多的研究测试的受试者太少，无法得出确切的结论。（2018徐汇二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12. awake a. 醒着的；意识到的；认识到的(to)‎ vi. 醒；觉醒 vt. 唤醒；使觉醒 Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.‎ 也许保持大脑的一侧清醒可以使睡眠动物偶尔浮出水面以避免溺水。‎ ‎（2011交大附中）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13. awaken ‎ vt. 唤醒；使意识到；认识到的(to)‎ vi. 醒；觉醒；意识到；认识到(to)‎ Not only does traveling force you to awaken your inner word bank, but it also teaches you about the large number of cultural quirks.‎ 旅行不仅强迫你认识到你内心文字库，而且它还教你大量文化怪癖。（2017复旦附中）‎ We suddenly awakened to the realization that our friendship was over.‎ 我们突然意识到我们的友谊结束了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎14．background ‎ n. 背景；背景资料；出身背景 Success does not depend on family background, but depends on diligence and good family education. 成功不取决于家庭背景，而是取决于勤奋和良好的家庭教育。（2017七宝中学）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎15. bargain ‎ n. 协定,协议；特价商品；交易；廉价（品）‎ vi. 讨价，讨价还价 The cost of tuition and the availability of financial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generally a better financial bargain than private ones.‎ 学费和经济援助的可用性是其他考虑因素，公共机构通常比私人机构更便宜。 （2015闵行一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎16. bed  n. 床；就寝时间；（河）床；（湖、海的）底 Your mind may start to connect your bed with work, which will make it harder for you to fall asleep.‎ 你的思绪可能会开始将你的床与工作连接起来，这将使你更难入睡。 （2012宝山一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17. behalf n. 利益；方面；支持 on behalf of 代表......一方；作为......的代言人；为了......的利益 Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf… 咨询会议中的许多成年人仍然感激地回忆起一个陌生人进来代表他们…（2018徐汇一模）‎ MPAA is a nonprofit organization formed by six large studios to work on behalf of the film industry.‎ MPAA是由六家大型工作室组成的非营利组织，代表电影业工作。（2015黄浦一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎18. behave ‎ vi. 举止端正；表现 vt. (∽ oneself)检点（自己的）行为 ‎ Parents must provide the best environment and behave themselves better.‎ 父母必须提供最好的环境，让自己更好地行事。（2010十校联考）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19. bonus n. 额外给予的东西；奖金；津贴 I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital.‎ 我发现拥有男护士是一个真正的奖金，他们肯定在我们医院占有一席之地。（2014浦东一模）‎ Parents and teachers are sometimes reluctant to offer a reward to a young person for doing something he or she "should" like for its own sake---a monetary bonus for reading a book, for example.‎ 父母和老师有时不愿意为年轻人做出他或她“应该”喜欢的事情而给予奖励 ------例如，读书的金钱奖金。（2017八校联考）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎20. boom n. 低沉有回响的声音；隆隆声；嗡嗡声；（经济等思维）繁荣（期）；（价格等的）暴涨；（事业等的）突然好转 v. 发出低沉有回响的声音；发出隆隆声（或嗡嗡声）；使繁荣；（使）迅速发展 Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile.‎ 也许书籍繁荣只影响了教育的最高层。（2012吴淞中学）‎ Websites about dieting would boom.‎ 关于节食的网站将会迅速发展。（2017普陀一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎21. botany n. 植物学；（一个地区的）植物生态 Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years. 研讨会组织得非常松散，大多数代表了多年来在经济植物学会（SEB）会议上进行的讨论。（2014青浦一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎22. bow2‎ n. 狐状物；弓，弓形物 Practicingfighting with a sword and using a bow and arrow skillfully.‎ 练习用剑战斗，巧妙地使用弓箭。‎ ‎23.brochure n. 小册子；情况介绍手册 People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in the brochure.‎ 拥有Globe-trotter门票的人可以享受手册中列出的任何折扣。（2015长宁二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎24. buffet n. 餐具架（或柜）；自助餐，快餐 ‎ With sandcastle contests, Swedish buffet night, and family bingo, this classic northern Minnesota lodge is right out of Garrison Keillor.‎ 这家经典的明尼苏达州北部小屋位于Garrison Keillor的对面，提供沙堡比赛， 瑞典自助餐之夜和家庭宾果游戏。（2018静安一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎25. category n. 种类，类，类别 Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category.‎ 已知在许多不支持其他生活形式的环境中存活的常见细菌属于这一类。 （2018徐汇一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎26. caution n. 小心，谨慎；警告 ‎ Educators urge caution in using a ranking table and emphasize that better choice for one student may be very different for another.‎ 教育工作者在使用排名表时要求谨慎，并强调一个学生的更好选择可能与另一 个学生的选择截然不同。（2015黄浦一模）‎ Cell phone users err on the side of caution until more definitive  studies can be conducted.‎ 手机用户在谨慎方面犯了错误，直到可以进行更明确的研究。‎ ‎（2010徐汇一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎27. centigrade a. 摄氏的；百分度的 n. 摄氏 In Finland the temperature is sometimes40 degrees below zero centigrade.‎ 在芬兰，温度有时比零摄氏度低40度。（2012虹口二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎28. chapter n. (书等的)章，回，篇 ‎ You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class.‎ 在你上课之前，你应该阅读我将要讲授的章节。（2015静安一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎29. check ‎ v. 检查；核对；（使）突然停止 n. 检查；核对；（主美）支票 Be sure to check ahead of time what you will need for each activity.‎ 请务必提前检查每项活动所需的内容。（2012徐汇二模）‎ People with destructive patterns should check their lives for signs of unresolved pain… 具有破坏性模式的人应该检查他们的生活是否有未解决的疼痛迹象……(2017青浦二模)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎30. climate n. 气候；（某一社会、时期等的）风气；环境气氛 This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contributes to Australians‘ relaxed attitude. 这一点，以及相当多的休闲时间和有利的气候，都有助于澳大利亚人放松的态度。（2018黄浦一模）‎ The financial climate, the job market, family tensions, Obama moving into the Lincoln bedroom.‎ 金融气候，就业市场，家庭紧张局势，奥巴马搬入林肯卧室。（2012虹口分层）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎31. content2‎ vt. 使满意；使满足 a. 满意的；满足的 n. 满意；满足 Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are.‎ 我们很少有人满足于接受自己。（2010徐汇二模）‎ They are happy so long as their children are content.‎ 只要孩子满意，他们就会很开心。（2018杨浦二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎32. crawl vi. n. 爬，爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢（或费劲）地行进 They may be so small that they can crawl along the edge of a coin.‎ 它们可能很小，以至于它们可以沿着硬币的边缘爬行。（2013奉贤一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎33. dinosaur n. 恐龙 A collection of more than 30,000 ancient fossils, including dinosaur skeletons, are facing the risk of destruction in Hebei Province, north China, unless effective measures are taken to protect them from further damage. 除非采取有效措施保护他们免受进一步破坏，否则包括恐龙骨骼在内的3万多件古代化石的集合将面临中国北方河北省的破坏风险。‎ ‎（2011十三校联考）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎34. discourage vt. 使泄气，使灰心；阻止，阻挡 When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity.‎ 当责任感采取达到期望的形式时，它可以阻挡创造力。（2018闵行二模）‎ Some people are discouraged by failure while others don't believe in this way.‎ 有些人因失败而泄气，而有些人则不相信这种方式。（2010晋元中学）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎35. emergency n. 紧急情况；急症（病人）‎ When a call comes in, a worker in the emergency center answers the  phone quickly, writes down the caller’s information, and then helps  the caller contact the emergency agency.‎ 当有来电时，紧急中心的工作人员会快速接听电话，记下来电者的信息， 然后帮助来电者联系应急机构。(2011虹口二模)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎36. ever adv. 在任何时候，从来 Despite the great effort made by governments, more effective measures should be made to deal with the ever worsening problem of global warming. 尽管各国政府付出了巨大努力，但应采取更有效的措施来应对日益恶化的全球变暖问题。（2010闵行二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎37. full a.（充）满的；完全的；（口）饱的 Take full advantage of what matters most.‎ 完全利用最重要的事情。（2009黄浦二模）‎ The hospitals in Qatar were full at that time.‎ 那时卡塔尔的医院已经满员了。（2016奉贤二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎38. fundamental a. 基本的；基础的；主要的 When it comes to investing in such staff training, however, there is a fundamental paradox. 然而，当涉及投资员工培训时，存在一个基本的矛盾。（2017八校联考）‎ The hill was a fundamental part of my childhood life.‎ 山是我童年生活的主要的组成部分。（2013七宝中学）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎39. genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability.‎ 如果你想描绘一个典型的天才如何发展，你会选择一个拥有略高于平均水平的 语言能力的女孩。（2018闵行一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎40. grave2‎ a. 认真的，严肃的；庄严的；严重的；重大的 Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted.‎ 没有人能够注意到醉酒驾驶一直是我们面临的严重的问题。（2011普陀一模）‎ The manager was a grave, calm man. 经理是一个严肃，冷静的人。（2017奉贤一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎41. kangaroo   n. 袋鼠 Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence contains no methane and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas. 由于胃里有特殊的细菌，袋鼠肠胃气胀不含甲烷，科学家们希望将这种细菌转移到产生大量有害气体的牛羊身上。（2013七宝中学）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎42. marathon   n. 马拉松赛跑 One must be able to cover the Half Marathon within 3.5hours.‎ 一个人必须能够在3.5小时内完成半程马拉松比赛。（2015奉贤一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎43.modify vt. 修改，更改；缓和；（语）修饰 I consider how I might modify some of the things that I’m doing. 我考虑如何修改我正在做的一些事情。(2012七校联考)‎ How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? 科学家如何修改植物以使其比父母更多地摄取食物？（2017浦东二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎44. mutual ‎ a. 相互的，彼此的；共有的 To promote mutual understanding, they should listen to each other and ask question.‎ 为了促进相互理解，他们应该互相倾听并提出问题。（2018浦东一模）‎ Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.‎ 共同反思是相互鼓励，可以反复讨论问题，预测未来的问题并关注负面情绪。 （2018徐汇二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎45. myth n. 神话；谎言；（美语事实根据的）虚构信念（或观点、理论）‎ This workshop will expose the myth of a social change-maker.‎ 本次研讨会将揭示社会变革者的神话。（2015黄浦二模）‎ The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.‎ 害羞的人比那些即将离任的人更不有效的领导者的神话只是一种误解。 （2017格致中学）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎46. nonfiction n. 非小说类文学作品，写实作品 The degree of involvement of the ghostwriter in nonfiction writing projects ranges from minor to significant.‎ 代笔作家在非小说写作项目中的参与程度从轻微到重要。（2009黄浦二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎47. novel  n. （长篇）小说 I thought the novel was going to be really boring. 我觉得这部小说真的很无聊。（2003上海春考）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎48. onion  n. 洋葱 ‎ Then he added two slices of onion.‎ 然后他又加了两片洋葱。（2014徐汇一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎50. prey n. 猎物，捕猎物；捕食 vi. 捕食 Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease.‎ 较低猎物种群水平为捕食者提供的食物不足，导致捕食者数量减少。（2015长宁二模）‎ In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey as well as predator and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.‎ 在侏罗纪和白垩纪，它们既是猎物也是捕食者，因此经常不得不迅速退出。（2018闵行二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎51. punctual  a. 守时的；准时的 Mr. Zhang said that he would be punctual for the appointment, but what if he were late? 张先生说他会准时约会，但如果他迟到怎么办？(2012吴淞中学）‎ The everyday signs of conscientiousness being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities. 日常的责任心表现为准时，勤勉工作，自律，谨慎地履行职责。‎ ‎（2018闵行二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎52. rock2‎ n. 摇动，摇摆；摇滚乐（或舞）‎ v. （使）摇动，（使）摇摆；奏摇滚乐，跳摇滚舞 WhenI came back inside, light and air bursting in with me, Grandma, her hair up, would rock a little and smile.‎ 当我回到里面时，光线和空气一起冲进来，奶奶，她的头发，会摇动一下，微笑。（2012卢湾一模）‎ What a wonderful performance! Your rock band has never sounded better. 真是太棒了！你的摇滚乐队从来没有听起来更好。（2017浦东一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎53. subject n. 学科，科目；主题；题材 adj. 易受……的，常受……的，易患……的（to）‎ vt. 使服从；使经受；使遭受；使易受（to）‎ Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.‎ 由于玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，因此它们并未受到成人使用发明特征的技术飞跃。（2012十校联考）‎ Many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.‎ 许多骑车者甚至认为他们不受道路基本规则的约束。（2014闵行一模）‎ ‎54. suspicion  n. 怀疑，疑心 This gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere.‎ 贸易逻辑带来的收益往往引起怀疑，因为好处似乎来自无处。（2014闵行二模）‎ Because he wasn't very confident about his suspicion, he used a three-step process to search for the truth. 因为他对自己的怀疑不太自信，所以他用了三个步骤来寻找真相。（2013杨浦二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎55. volcano  n. 火山 It was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. 单独的火山可能导致这种混乱，这似乎不合理。(2018普陀二模)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎56. where adv. 在哪里；到哪里 conj. 在……处；到……的地方 Don't waste time worrying about where your competition is.‎ 不要浪费时间担心竞争对手的位置。（2013七宝中学）‎ Leaving situations that fail to bring you joy can leave you with sufficient time to explore where your heart is truly leading you. 离开无法带给你快乐的情境可以让你有足够的时间探索你的心灵真正引领你的地方。（2017宝山二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎57. wind2‎ vi. 弯曲前进；迂回；（缠）绕；上发条 vt. 绕；包；裹；给……上发条 But as my creativity wound down, a new thought popped up.‎ 但随着我的创造力减弱，一个新想法突然出现了。‎ The insight into how whales hear might explain whether sonar testing  by military ships is causing the animals to wind up on beaches.‎ 对鲸鱼如何听到的洞察力可以解释军舰的声纳测试是否会导致动物在海滩 上结束。（2011崇明一模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎58. worse a. 更坏的，更糟的；健康状况更坏的 adv. 更坏，更糟；健康状况更坏地 Unusual weather indicates that our living environment is getting worse, which is the warning to us from nature.‎ 不寻常的天气表明我们的生活环境正在恶化，这是我们对大自然的警示。（2010黄浦二模） A hot drink makes me feel much better and a cold drink would make me feel worse.‎ 喝一杯热饮让我感觉好多了而冷饮会让我感觉更糟。（2018崇明二模）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎59. worst a. 最坏的，最糟的；健康状况最坏的 adv. 最坏地，更糟地；最有害地 This was the period of the worst deforestation.‎ 这是最严重的森林砍伐时期。（2016浦东二模）‎ The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. ‎ 寻找工作的最糟糕时间是当你感到绝望并且必须立即换新工作时。‎ ‎（2017闵行二模）                             ‎