高考英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

高考英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习 句子成分 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。‎ The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）‎ Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） ‎ To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）‎ It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）‎ 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。‎ We study English. He is asleep. ‎ 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。‎ ‎ He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）‎ Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） ‎ His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)‎ My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）‎ To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）‎ The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）‎ ‎（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, ‎ remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...‎ ‎ It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.‎ Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.‎ The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.‎ The door remains open. Now I feel tired.‎ 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）‎ How many do you need? We need two. （数词）‎ We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）‎ I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）‎ ‎ 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.‎ ‎ 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）‎ He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.‎ 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。‎ We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）‎ We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )‎ ‎ Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）‎ His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）‎ Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （‎ 过去分词） ‎ 主补：对主语的补充。‎ He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.‎ He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.‎ 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。‎ Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）‎ We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）‎ The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)‎ The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）‎ The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） ‎ I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）‎ You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）‎ 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 ‎ ‎（以下例句按上述顺序排列）‎ I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.‎ The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.‎ He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. ‎ If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. ‎ Though he is young, he can do it well. ‎ ‎ ‎ 句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. ‎ 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.‎ 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．‎ 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．‎ She bought a book for me.‎ 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． ‎ The teacher asked me to read the passage.‎ ‎（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）‎ Exercises ‎ 分析下列句子成分 ‎ ‎1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you ‎ ‎3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.‎ ‎5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．‎ ‎7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.‎ ‎9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. ‎ ‎11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching ‎13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. ‎ ‎15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.‎ ‎17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. ‎ ‎19. The old man lives a lonely life. ‎ ‎20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.‎ ‎ 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．‎ ‎ 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．‎ ‎23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.‎ ‎24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.‎ ‎26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? ‎ ‎28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?‎ ‎30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.‎ 翻 译 练 习：‎ 主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）‎ ‎1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。 ‎ ‎5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 ‎ ‎6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 ‎ ‎7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 ‎ ‎8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。 ‎ ‎10五年前我住在北京。‎ 主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）‎ ‎1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 ‎ ‎3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 ‎ ‎5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。‎ ‎7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 ‎ ‎8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 ‎ ‎9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 ‎ ‎10他不知道说什麽好。‎ 主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）‎ ‎1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。 ‎ ‎3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 ‎ ‎5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。 ‎ ‎7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。 ‎ ‎9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。 ‎ 双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）‎ ‎1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。  2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 ‎ ‎3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ ‎ ‎5. 他把车票给列车员看。  6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。  ‎ ‎7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。  8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 ‎ ‎9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？‎ 复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）‎ ‎1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John. ‎ ‎3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。 ‎ ‎5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。 ‎ ‎7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。 ‎ ‎9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。 ‎ ‎11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 ‎ ‎13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。 ‎ ‎15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 ‎17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 ‎ ‎19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。 ‎ ‎21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 ‎ ‎23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 ‎ There be 句型 ‎1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。 ‎ ‎3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 ‎ ‎5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 ‎ ‎7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。 ‎ ‎9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。 ‎ ‎11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 ‎ ‎13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。 ‎ KEYS 分析下列句子成分 ‎1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ‎ ‎3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾 语补足语+宾语 ‎7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ‎ ‎9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ‎13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ‎ ‎15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ‎ ‎17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ‎ ‎21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ‎ ‎23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ‎25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ‎ ‎27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎ ‎29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 翻 译 练 习：‎ 主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）‎ ‎1You should study hard. ‎ ‎2 She went home very late yesterday evening. ‎ ‎3That morning we talked a great deal. ‎ ‎4The meeting will last two hours. ‎ ‎5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. ‎ ‎6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. ‎ ‎7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. ‎ ‎8Classes begin at eight every day. ‎ ‎9This box weighs five kilos. ‎ ‎10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.‎ 主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）‎ ‎ 1.I wrote a letter last night.  ‎ ‎2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.  3.He has read this book many times. ‎ ‎4.They have carried out the plan successfully.  5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. ‎ ‎6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.  7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. ‎ ‎8.Jim cannot dress himself.  9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.‎ ‎10.He did not know what to say. ‎ 主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）‎ ‎1My brothers are all college students. ‎2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. ‎ ‎3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. ‎ ‎5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States. ‎ ‎7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work. ‎ ‎9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting. ‎ 双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）‎ ‎1Mr Johnson taught us German last year. ‎ ‎2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. ‎ ‎3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. ‎ ‎4Would you please pass me the dictionary? ‎ ‎5He showed the ticket to the conductor. ‎ ‎6This term I have written three letters to my parents. ‎ ‎7My father has bought me a new bike.‎ ‎ 8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. ‎ ‎9Will you please get me a new copy? ‎ ‎10 Shall I call you a taxi? ‎ 复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）‎ ‎1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John. ‎ ‎3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open. ‎ ‎5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful. ‎ ‎7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.‎ ‎9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine. ‎ ‎11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out. ‎ ‎13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month. ‎ ‎15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling. ‎ ‎19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. ‎ ‎21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. ‎ ‎22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. ‎ ‎23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. ‎ ‎24I thought it no use talking with that man There be 句型 ‎1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.‎ ‎2There was only a well in the village. ‎ ‎3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. ‎ ‎4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. ‎ ‎5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6‎ ‎6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. ‎ ‎7There used to be a cinema here before the war. ‎ ‎8There happened to be nobody in the room. ‎ ‎9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. ‎ ‎10There comes the bus. ‎ ‎11There remained just twenty-eight dollars. ‎ ‎12In‎ front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. ‎ ‎13There goes the bell. ‎ ‎14There are twenty-eight days in February