2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great Scientists 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Two world championships were decided this weekend on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.In England,the Rugby World Cup was decided.In New York,the baseball season saw its final match.‎ ‎    More than 80,000 audiences watched New Zealand win the Rugby championship 34-17 over Australia.The match was held on Saturday at the famous Twickenham Stadium near London.‎ ‎    It was the second world title for New Zealand.Fans call the team“All Blacks”because of their black uniforms.A day later,the baseball World Series came to a close with a win by the Kansas City Royals over the New York Mets.‎ ‎    In the World Series,the first team to win four games claims victory.The Royals won four of the first five games played with the Mets.Kansas City last won in 1985.‎ ‎    The Rugby World Cup opened on September 18,when England defeated Fiji.Forty-eight matches and six weeks later,New Zealand won the title.Going into the tournament,the All Blacks were ranked No‎.1 in the world.‎ ‎    Every tournament like this has a“favorite,”or the team expected to win.The tournament also has an“underdog,”or the team less likely to win.But the underdog often becomes a favorite.This year in the Rugby World Cup,the“underdog”team was Japan.‎ ‎    Coming into the tournament,Japan was ranked 13th in the world.But after an inspiring showing in the group stage of the tournament,Japan moved up three places to 10th.Aside from the championship game itself,the match that created the biggest surprise came when Japan defeated world No.3 South Africa 34-32.The Associated Press called it“the biggest shock in Rugby World Cup history.”‎ ‎    South Africa was a two­time World Cup champion.Japan had only ever won one match in the World Cup before that game.‎ ‎1.Why were the two major sports events reported together? A.They were both held in developed 9‎ ‎ countries. B.Their results both came out at the same time. C.The winners were both not expected. D.They both belong to sports competitions. 2.The underlined word“favorite”in Paragraph 6 refers to________. A.a player regarded as the most valuable B.a team whose players are most killed C.a player who is the most popular D.a team more likely to come first27.How did Japan perform in the matches? 3.How did Japan perform in the matches? A.It created a big surprise. B.It tried their best to play. C.It acted as it was expected. D.It surprisingly won third.‎ 参考答案： 1.B; 2.D; 3.A 解析： 1.[推理判断题。这两大重要赛事因为在相同时间决出了冠军,才被放到一起报道。由第一段得出。] 2.[词义猜测题。此处favorite指的是最有可能获胜的队。由本段第一句...or the team expected to win得出。] 3.[细节理解题。日本队在比赛中创造了一个大冷门,由最初的第13名,却战胜了世界第三名的南非队。由第七段最后两句得出。]‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin.‎ 答案：did　“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句when he arrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。‎ ‎2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.‎ 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，故填is。‎ ‎3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.‎ 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神贯注于……”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。‎ ‎4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.‎ 9‎ 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接触……”。‎ ‎5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future.‎ 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是没有意义的”。‎ ‎6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields.‎ 答案：attending　attend to “处理；照料”，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。‎ ‎7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk.‎ 答案：to blame　be to blame “应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。‎ ‎8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children.‎ 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“为……奉献……”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。‎ ‎9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV.‎ 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。‎ ‎10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver.‎ 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I worried about my personal image and how I could be remembered during my boyhood.In the fifth grade，there seemed to be only one __1__ —to be cool.In the sixth grade，suddenly，there were two choices：be cool，or be invisible.__2__ ，one day，when a teacher had us fill out a questionnaire with __3__ questions，I found the __4__ option.‎ Assuming(假定)the teacher would read our answers privately，I felt it was __5__ to share my privacy.To my __6__ ，she collected and redistributed(重新分发)them to us.We were asked to __7__ the name and our three favorite answers to the whole class.My answers went to the meanest boy in class.‎ 9‎ The first question was“What's your favorite movie？” My answer was Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted and my cheeks __8__.The next was“Where would you like to travel？” My answer was __9__ special—“Wherever a book takes me.”The __10__ this time had an explosive quality.‎ I could __11__ remember what happened next；all that I had in mind was the laughter.But something amazing happened.A(n) __12__ came，“Guys，cut it out.”The room went __13__ .It's Michelle Siever，a popular and cool girl.Then she __14__ ，“Why are you laughing? What is the point of __15__ if we just laugh at others？”‎ I can't remember the teacher or other kids' names，but I remember Michelle's.When she __16__ for me that day，she __17__ me we actually have three choices if we want to be remembered.‎ Be cool，and you might be remembered __18__.Stay invisible，and you won't be remembered at all.But if you stand up __19__ someone when he or she __20__ you most，then you will be remembered as their hero for the rest of their life.‎ ‎1．A.tool　　　　　　　　　B．choice C．chance D．purpose ‎2．A.However B．In addition C．Therefore D．In fact ‎3．A.personal B．funny C．various D．strange ‎4．A.wrong B．former C．third D．latter ‎5．A.terrible B．safe C．nervous D．interesting ‎6．A.surprise B．anxiety C．delight D．expectation ‎7．A.repeat B．remember C．compare D．read ‎8．A.ached B．paled C．changed D．burned ‎9．A.even B．still C．never D．always ‎10．A.laughter B．question C．air D．class 9‎ ‎11．A.nearly B．exactly C．hardly D．surely ‎12．A.request B．message C．order D．voice ‎13．A.crazy B．silent C．angry D．empty ‎14．A.announced B．smiled C．added D．stopped ‎15．A.talking B．chatting C．arguing D．sharing ‎16．A.talked about B．calmed down C．left behind D．spoke up ‎17．A.reminded B．promised C．showed D．persuaded ‎18．A.for a while B．finally C．again and again D．hopefully ‎19．A.before B．with C．for D．by ‎20．A.misses B．needs C．values D．loves ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在老师组织的全班问卷调查活动中，“我”的回答引起全班同学哄堂大笑，这时一个女生站起来帮助“我”走出困境。同时，“我”明白了一个道理：在别人需要你的时候站出来会被别人永远记住。‎ ‎【核心词汇】image n．印象，形象　invisible adj.无形的，看不见的　fill out填写　cut out阻挡，删除，住口 ‎1．B　根据空后一句中的“In the sixth grade, suddenly, there were two choices”可知，此处表示，在五年级，似乎只有唯一的选择(choice)来让别人记住自己—装酷。‎ ‎2．A　根据下文内容可知，老师让同学们填调查问卷这件事使“我”改变了原先的看法，故前后为转折关系，所以选A。‎ ‎3．A　根据下文中的“share my privacy”可推知，此处表示老师要求回答的是我们的私人(personal)问题。所以选A。‎ ‎4．C　根据上文内容可知，到六年级，“我”突然认为被别人记住有两个选择，但是通过老师让同学们填调查问卷这件事，“我”发现了第三种选择。所以选C。‎ 9‎ ‎5．B　根据上文内容可知，假如老师私下阅读我们的回答，“我”就感觉分享的隐私是安全的(safe)。所以选B。‎ ‎6．A　根据上下文可知，老师没有私下阅读我们的回答而是重新分发，让同学之间互读，这种做法让“我”感到吃惊。所以选A。‎ ‎7．D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．D　根据空前的“A laugh erupted”及常识可知，“我”对第一个问题的回答引起了同学们的大笑，由此可知，“我”当时面颊发烫(burned)。选项D符合语境。‎ ‎9．B　根据下文中的“this time had an explosive quality”可知，“我”对第二个问题的回答仍然(still)是特别的，因此这一次笑声(laughter)更加强烈。still“仍然，还是”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11．C　根据空后的“all that I had in mind was the laughter”可知，此处指“我”几乎不能(hardly)记得后面发生了什么，所以选C。‎ ‎12．D　根据下文中的“Guys, cut it out”可知，Michelle Siever的声音(voice)传来，所以选D。‎ ‎13．B　根据上下文可知，这个声音使整个房间安静(silent)了下来。‎ ‎14．C　根据空后的两个问句可知，Michelle Siever继续在说，即补充道(added)。‎ ‎15．D　根据全文的内容，尤其是老师要求我们填调查问卷然后交换并在全班朗读这一活动过程可知，这是同学们之间的一次交流分享(share)活动。所以选D。‎ ‎16．D　根据上文内容可知，“我”对两个问题的回答引起全班的大笑，这时Michelle Siever的话使全班安静下来，据此可推断她在替“我”辩护。所以选D。 speak up(for sb./sth.)“(尤指为……)说好话，辩护”。‎ ‎17．C　她替“我”辩护这件事向“我”展示(showed)了如果想要被人们记住，我们有三种选择。所以选C。‎ ‎18．A　通过这件事，“我”知道装酷只能被别人记住一时(for a while)。所以选A。‎ ‎19．C　根据上文内容可知，“我”之所以能够摆脱困境是因为Michelle Siever为“我”辩护。所以“我”总结出想要被别人记住的第三种选择是：当人们需要(needs)你时，你站出来为(for)他们说话，这样你就会被他们当做英雄一样被铭记一生。所以选C。‎ ‎20．B　参见上题解析。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：defeating→defeated　此处表示在比赛中被打败，故应用过去分词表被动。‎ 9‎ ‎2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神贯注于……”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，为固定用法，故去掉a。‎ ‎4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 连接两主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。‎ ‎5．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　该句中已有谓语动词is, 故put forward at yesterday's meeting为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作主语的名词plan；也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan，因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以在was前加which/that。‎ 五、七选五 The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 　 1 　But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.‎ ‎1. If you’re obese, blame your genes.‎ ‎  　 2 　Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.‎ ‎2. If you’re obese, you lack self-control.‎ 9‎ Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.　 3 　Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be good controllers of themselves.‎ ‎3. 　 4 　‎ Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the ＂food deserts＂, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.‎ ‎4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise.‎ Michelle Obama’s ＂Let’s Move＂ campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease.　 ‎5 ‎　In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.‎ A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.‎ B. Obesity rates have increased.‎ C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity.‎ D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s.‎ E. People hold different views on obesity.‎ F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.‎ G. Our world has become so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand.‎ ‎【语篇解读】肥胖是现代社会的主要问题之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一书中，作者介绍了人们对肥胖问题的几种误解。‎ ‎1.E 【解析】根据下句由转折意义的内容＂But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.＂（但该书认为下面几点是关于肥胖的几点误解）可知，人们对肥胖问题观点不一，故E项正确。‎ 9‎ ‎ 2.B 【解析】根据下句内容＂Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.＂（然而，在1980年到2000年，美国肥胖的人数就翻了一番。该速度太快，可见肥胖并非遗传因素所致）可知，此处表示＂肥胖比例有所增加，故B项正确。‎ ‎ 3.G 【解析】根据上句＂Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.＂（研究表明，如果我们面临太多信息，我们很可能会就节食作出糟糕的选择）可知，该句应表示＂我们现在的食物如此丰富以致于我们会被引导以自己难以想象的方式去消耗食物＂，故选G项。‎ ‎ 5.D 【解析】根据下句＂although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.＂（尽管跟工作相关的体力活动减少导致人们少燃烧多达100卡路里，但休闲体力活动似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，人们的体力活动并未明显减少，故选D项。‎ 9‎