高考英语词汇手册

高考英语词汇手册

高考英语词汇手册 词汇手册整理 ‎1. ability  the ability to do            the capability of doing  be (un)able to do           be capable of sth/doing                            1 主语可以是物  2 可以加不好的事    Cf. was able to do ( = managed to do = succeeded in doing sth)      Could   enable sb. to do 2. (ab)normal  adj.      n.  above normal     below normal     return to normal    Cf. average  adj. 平均的； 典型，有代表性的         n. above/below average      on (the) average      against an average of …  the average ‎ drivers      common  adj. 人人都有；到处可见 It’s common to have a mobile phone now.                   共同；共有 have …in common; common interest      ordinary  adj.      general  adj. 总的the general manager     the general idea/outline                 社会一般的the general public     general knowledge                           general election     generally speaking                 in general   VS     in detail      usual  adj.      universal  adj. a universal truth/rule                   a universal language/universal peace/donor                   topics of universal interest                n. the universe    Cf. space 3. aboard   adv. prep go aboard the ‎ ship. On board 4. abroad adv. go/study abroad; from home and abroad 5. absence  n.   one’s absence from      in the absence of = for lack of    absent  adj.  be absent from    VS    be present at      absent-minded 6. absorb  vt.   absorb light/water/heat/the training/what he says     (sb.) be absorbed in sth/doing sth 7. accept  vt.  Cf  accept an invitation                  receive an invitation              Cf. be accepted by all                 be well/coldly/poorly received by ‎ all              Cf. be accepted by a company                 be admitted to/into a company  (un)acceptable  adj. be acceptable to sb. 8. access  (u)n. the access to the village                have (easy/no) access to the library                the Internet access    (in)accessible  adj. be ~ to 9. accident  n. Cf. accident                  event                  incident                  issue    by accident = by chance = accidentally = unintentionally    on purpose = by intention = by design = purposefully = intentionally 10. according to the chairman/report according to the specific situation according to me (此表达法错，正确为so/as far ‎ as I am concerned) 11. account account for 1)占据 Girls account for 30% of the whole class. 2)解释…的原因 The student could not account for his absence. Give a detailed/full account of sth Take sth into account/consideration On no account should we give up. We should not on any account give up. 12. with great accuracy Cf. accurate    exact    actual 13. accuse sb. of sth charge sb. with sth arrest sb. for sth. blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. scold sb. for ‎ sth. criticize sb. for sth. 14. accustomed  adj.  his accustomed seat/ an accustomed smile                     be accustomed to sth./doing sth. = be used to sth./doing sth.                     get accustomed to sth./doing sth. = get used to sth./doing sth. 15. ache  n.  have a bad headache/stomachache          vi. = hurt             I ache all over.             My heart aches for you.             My leg has been hurting/aching since yesterday.    Cf. hurt (hurt, hurt)   vt. hurt my leg/have my leg hurt/hurt my feelings          vi. My leg hurts.      wound  vt. a wounded solider              n. =‎ ‎ injury      injure  vt. injure his leg / injure his feelings             n. injury      damage  vt. damage the table/chairs                 damage one’s health/eyesight              n. do/cause damage to                Cf. damages      destroy  vt.      spoil  vt.  Spare the rod, spoil the child.                a spoilt child                spoil his birthday party/the picnic               Cf. offend him harm  vt. harm sb.          harm one’s eyes        n. do harm to sb. = do sb. harm         = be harmful to = be bad for 16. achieve  vt.  achieve success/ fame/recognition/an effect  达到（较抽象）     achieve a task/one’s aim  完成     achievement  n. make achievements ‎ in     accomplish  vt. accomplish a task/one’s aim   完成             accomplish something/nothing/wonders/whatever you do  做到（具体）    fulfill  vt. fulfill a promise/contrast  履行             fulfill a task  完成             fulfill one’s needs/requirements = meet; satisfy  满足 17. acquire  vt.  acquire sth.  获得 acquire a knowledge of French/a bad reputation 学得；养成     gain  vt .gain sth.  gain/lose five minutes a day     obtain vt. obtain sth. obtain one’s goal     earn  vt. earn sb. sth.     win  vt. win sth.  win sb. sth.  win over sb. 18.  across  ~~ the desert; shout across the room; run across the ‎ plain  Come across 19. act as act  n. Cf. act          behaviour          action          deed 20. actual  adj. the actual price/ the actual cost/ his actual words/ in actual fact       Cf. real    real leather/silk                 a real person in real life          true   It’s not true. She made up the story.                true love/friends 21. adapt  v. adapt sth. to sth.             adapt oneself to sth. = adapt to sth. adopt  vt. adopt a child          adopt a good attitude/the proposal adjust  vt. adjust the focus/ the clock          adjust oneself to sth. = adjust to ‎ sth. 22. add  v.  add sth. to sth.             add up A and B             add that 接着说             add to sth. = increase sth. 增添了 add to our helplessness             (sth) add up to 总和    addition  n. in addition to = besides               in addition = besides = furthermore = what’s more 23. address  n. 注意词义             vt.  address the envelope                  address the meeting/ a large audience 24. admire  vt. admire you/ admire your bravery /admire you for your bravery                admire the beautiful sunset = appreciate ~ 25. admit  vt. admit sb. to/into sp.               admit doing sth.    VS  deny doing ‎ sth.    Cf. permit  vt. permit sth.  permit doing sth.    permit sb. to do       allow   vt. allow sth.    allow doing sth.     allow sb. to do                                advise doing        advise sb. to do                                recommend doing    recommend sb. to do 26. advance  v.               n. C/U  make advances in = make progress in    advancement  n. U    advanced technology / advanced course 27. take full advantage of = make full use of = make the most of                                  Cf. make the best of     have an advantage over sb. 28. adventure  n.‎ ‎ 冒险的活动 Cf. venture  n. 冒险的事业 Every venture has the possibility of making or losing money.    Risk 29. advertise the new car model in the newspaper advertise for a job/roommate 30. advise sb. on sth.                          suggest sth. advise sb. to do                           suggest one’s doing advise doing                             suggest (to sb.) that … (should) do advise that…(should) do    give advice to sb. on sth.                    make a suggestion to sb.    give tips to sb. on sth. 31. affair (usu. pl.)  foreign affairs/ political affairs                   household affairs/ a love affair    Cf. business  ‎ ‎   do business with    business hours    on business or for pleasure         It’s none of your business.         set up/start a business        matter     It’s a matter of choice/of personal tastes/life and death.        Is there anything the matter with you? 32. affect  vt . affect a child’s growth (不良影响)              be affected by the story = be moved/touched by the story              be affected by a disease = be infected with/by a disease = develop/catch/pick up/(carry) a disease    Cf. influence  vt. influence a child’s thought/opinion                 n. U  have influence on       effect  n. have an effect on                achieve the intended effect            cause and effect create a wonderful sound ‎ effect (sth.)take effect       bring sth. into effect       effort  n. make effort(s) to do    without effort(s)    in one’s efforts to do                spare no efforts to do   through combined efforts       impact  n. have an impact on 33. afford  vt. 买得起      afford sth.          afford to do              承受得起后果 A language learner cannot afford not to have a dictionary. 34. afraid  adj. be afraid to do              be afraid of doing        Cf.  I am afraid of dogs.            I fear dogs.            Dogs frighten me.            I am frightened at dogs. 35.  agree to do    agree to my plan    agree with me/my words/what I ‎ said His words don’t agree with his actions.  相符  The food/weather here does not agree with me.  适合，适宜       (All of them) agree on (a date)  come to/reach/arrive at an agreement  agreeable(= pleasant) people/weather 36. ahead of me  在前面;胜过 ahead of time/schedule    VS   behind time ahead of one’s time/the times    VS  behind the times 落后于时代 37. aid  n.  a knowledge of first aid              hearing aids      audio-visual aids     teaching aids            come to/ go to one’s aid/help/rescue/assistance            with the aid of = with the help of aid   v. = help; assist      aid (sb.) with sth.      aid sb. in doing 38.  aim his gun at the target     aim his words at ‎ me    aim at sth.         aim to do = aim at doing    The advert aims at promoting good service.    aim high    achieve one’s aim to do sth. 39.  alike  (adv.) The boss treats us all alike. (=in the same way)  (adj.) The two brothers look much alike.  Cf. A looks like B. 40. Cf. alive  the oldest man alive   catch sb. alive keep sb. alive living  the oldest living man      the living and the dead     a living language lively  a lively boy/lesson live   (adj.)a live broadcast/match     experiment on live animals (adv.)be broadcast live 41. all students/all the students/all of the students all of them in ‎ all all in all after all above all first of all all over (not) at all 42. almost nobody/nothing/no… not nearly satisfactory = far from satisfactory/perfect/enough almost/nearly everybody Cf. almost/most/mostly 43. alone  adj. She is alone, but she is not lonely.            adv. do it alone = do it on one’s own = do it by oneself            Money alone(光，仅仅) can’t make me happy.    lonely  adj. She is lonely.               a lonely girl               a lonely village = a remote/faraway village 44.  amaze  vt.‎ ‎      amuse  vt. 45. have an ambition to do sth achieve/realize/fulfill one’s ambition 46. a large amount of; a great deal of  + U plenty of, a large quantity of; large quantities of + U/C masses of; a good many; a large number of + C 47. in ancient times  VS  in modern times the ancients 48. be angry with sb. at/about sth. 49. announce  vt. 公开宣布 announce sth. ( announce their marriage)                 announce that…  declare  vt. (权威.政府)宣布; 申报关税 declare sth. (declare peace/war)            declare sth/sb. (to be) + n./adj.  (declare the meeting open)            declare that… claim  vt. 要求获得权利;认领某物 claim sth. (claim the wallet/ claim the reward)‎ ‎            自称  claim to do ( 无claim sb. to do)                  claim that…  demand  vt. 需要  demand sth. ( demand great care/patience)  = need sth.= call for sth. = require sth.             (强烈)要求  demand sth. ( demand an apology/ demand a reasonable explanation) demand to do (无demand sb. to do)                   demand that…(should) do  require  vt. 需要require sth.= need sth. = demand sth. = call for sth.                 require doing = require to be done ( = want; need; deserve)            (规定) 要求require sb. to do                       (sb. ) be required to do               require too much of sb. = ask too much of sb. = expect too much of sb.            ( = beg sth. of sb.)               require that…(should) do         n. requirement     meet/satisfy admission/entrance requirements   inquire  vi.‎ ‎ 咨询,询问 inquire for sth. = ask for           inquire about sth. = ask about           inquire into the matter           inquire after sb.         n. inquiry   make inquiries for/about/into/after…   request  vt. 请求   request sth. (from sb. )                   request sb. to do                   request that…(should) do         n. make an request for sth.           a pamphlet will be sent on/upon request           at one’s request = at the request of sb.   command   vt. command the army / command silence   指挥              command respect/ command a high price  博得              command a large vocabulary/ command English = master              command sb. to do              command that…(should)‎ ‎ do            n. have a good command of English = have a good mastery of English 50.  annoy  vt.  惹恼annoy sb. (with sth.)  be annoyed by the poor bus service     disturb  vt.  打搅disturb sb. (with sth.)      Don’t disturb.              扰乱disturb the smooth surface of the river                   disturb the balance of nature              使…心烦意乱be disturbed by the news        disturbance  n.  interrupt  vt. 打断interrupt us (with sth.)      interrupt our conversation  bother  vt . 打搅bother sb. with sth.        vi. 麻烦;费心Don’t bother to do that.                    Don’t bother about supper.      He hasn’t even bothered to write to his parents.      他甚至懒得写信给他爸妈 51. answer  vt. answer the question = reply to the ‎ question               answer the telephone/doorbell/the appeal of the government      answer for …为。。。负责            n. = reply 52.  be anxious for sth. = be eager for=be desperate for     be anxious about sth. = be worried about    53. anyhow = anyway  adv. 无论如何 Cf. somehow  adv. 不知怎么的; 以某种方式    somewhat  adv. = a bit; a little 54. apologize to sb. for sth. make an apology to sb. for sth. 55. appeal  vi.恳求;要求 appeal to sb. for sth./ appeal to sb. to do sth.                       = call on sb. to do = urge sb. to do              诉诸appeal to war/arms              吸引appeal to me    appeal  n. make an appeal for sth. 56. Cf.  sb. appear/seem/happen to be/to do           ‎ ‎         There appear/seem/happen to be It appear/seem/happen that…            Cf.  sb. is said/reported/known/assumed/thought/believed…to be/to do It is said/reported/known/assumes/thought/believed…  that…   As is known, ….. 57.  have an appetite for sth.     lose/stimulate one’s appetite 58.  burst into applause    warm applause  join in the applause 59.  electrical appliances = electrical equipment         household appliances   Cf. appliance  器具electrical/household appliances equipment  U tool   carpenter’s tools /gardener’s tools instrument   lab/musical/medical instruments             an instrument for/of communication device   a device for peeling apples/for ‎ closing the door automatically implement  用具farming/writing/gardening implements facility   U 便利 be used with great facility          pl.设施  kitchen/airport/educational/language teaching facilities 60. complete/fill in/fill out an application form approve/refuse/reject/turn down an application make an application to sb. for sth. the new application(s) of sth. in (a field) apply to sb. for sth. apply the rule to this occasion (The rule does not) apply to the case The rule applies(be effective) till next May. 61. appoint him (as/to be) chairman of the board meet at the appointed time see patients by appointment only make/have an appointment with ‎ sb. 62. have an appreciation of modern art/paintings  appreciate you/your talent appreciate modern art/paintings appreciate your help/appreciate your kindness in doing sth. = thank you for your help = be grateful/thankful to you for your help = show my gratitude to you for your help 63. 批准approve the plan         wait for the fund to be approved 同意approve (of) your opinion 64. area  n.  cover an area of 100 square meters             be outstanding in his area = in his field    Cf. region       district       zone       field 65. argue with sb. over/about sth.         augue for/against ‎ sth. argument  n. 66. arise  vi. = come up; appear; emerge              arise from rise  vi. = stand up = raise oneself         rise to one’s feet      The flag is rising.         a rising flag  VS   a risen sun      n. on the rise = on the increase    rise and fall of an umpire raise  vt. raise oneself              raise a flag     at the flag-raising ceremony         raise one’s voice /the rent         raise money = collect money             raise pets = keep pets  arouse vt. arouse curiosity/interest 67.  arrange flowers     arrange books     arrange for sb. to do sth.  Mom has arranged for me to study abroad.  arrange with sb. to do sth.  I’ve arranged with Jack to meet at the square.  make arrangements/preparations for sth./to ‎ do sth. 68.  arrive at   VS.  arrive in      The letter reached me yesterday. (不可用get to/arrive at)  arrive at an agreement/decision/conclusion 69. article  n. 文章write an article on sth.              物品see articles of all kinds    Cf. item  n. 一则新闻a news item = an item of news               一项many items on display/on the list/in the test paper                    I love the last item on the program. 70.  artificial  adj.  an artificial flower/ snow/ leg/hand/eye/satellite                an artificial smile/artificial manners  Cf.  synthetic fibers/materials      false teeth      a false statement/alarm      fake money    a fake painting by Picasso  a faulty electric fan 71.  such…as      the same…as   such a great man as he=a great man like ‎ him  Cf. She is such a nice girl as is loved by all of us.       She is such a nice girl that she is loved by all of us.       She is such a nice girl as to be loved by all of us.  Cf.  as, like             as, though, although       as, when, while       as, which       as…as, so…as 72. be/feel ashamed of sth.     Cf. shameful  adj. 73. be/fall asleep  VS   a sleeping baby   be fast/sound asleep    VS    be wide awake 74. assign sth. to sb.  assign sb. to sth.   I was assigned to that project. assign sb. sth. assign sb. to do sth. 75. 联系;联想associate A with B      A be ‎ associated with B 有关联relate A to B            A be related to B 结合combine A with B         A combine with B  连接; 联系link A to/with B = connect A to/with B 系 tie A to B     76.  假定assume  sth. (assume his innocence)  assume sb. (to be) + adj./n.  assume that  承担assume office/responsibility 77.  assure sb. of sth.     assure sb. that…    ensure sth.         ensure sb. sth.        ensure that…    guarantee  vt. 保修 guarantee the clock for a year               保证guarantee to do = guarantee that…               担保guarantee the painting genuine             n. have a two-year guarantee          under guarantee               a guarantee of happiness               a guarantee to ‎ do               a guarantee that…   insure his house against fire 78. attack  vt.  a disease/disaster attack/strike/hit a place           n. make/launch an attack on             die of a heart attack 79. attach sth. to sth. attach to sth. be attached to sth. 80.  attempt sth.               attempt to do sth.   make an attempt at sth.     make an attempt to do sth. 81. attend a meeting/a concert/school/church attend (to) a sick child = tend (to) = look after = take care of attend to the matter 82. pay attention to sth./doing sth. attract/draw/catch one’s attention     catch one’s eye call one’s attention to sth. 83. adopt/assume/take/maintain a ‎ positive/negative attitude towards/about sth. 84. attract sb./sth. attract sb. to/into sp. distract sb. from sth./doing sth. a tourist attraction (U) 85.  a large /small audience ( =  vocabulary)    an audience of 100 86. have authority over sb. 87. be available to sb.    make sth available to sb.  Three basketball playgrounds are available to students. 88. avenge sth. on sb. 89. avoid sth.    avoid doing sth. Cf. prevent a disease 90. awake  adj. awaken  vt. awaken sb. wake   vt. wake sb. (up)        vi. wake up waken  vt. waken sb.         vi. 91. award  vt. award sb. sth. = award sth. to ‎ sb. Cf. reward sb. with sth. for sth.    give/offer/hand sb. sth. = give/offer/hand sth. to sb.    present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb.    provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.    supply sb. with sth. = supply sth, to sb.    award  n.  Cf. reward, prize 92. Cf. be (un)aware of sth.       be conscious      remain conscious after the accident                        be conscious of sth. 93. be set in a background look nice against the black background 94. backward  adv.  go backward  VS  go forward             adj.  a background country 95. be badly needed/wanted       be more badly needed/wanted be badly done               be worse done be in bad/urgent need of sth 96. break/disturb/upset the balance of ‎ nature keep/lose one’s balance    be in/out of balance  eat a balanced diet 97. ban  vt. ban sth.            ban sb. from doing sth.         Cf. prevent/ stop/prohibit sb. (from) doing sth.            keep sb. from doing sth.            forbid sb. to do sth. 98.  a bare mountain/branch         bare feet/shoulders    Cf. empty        an empty bottle/ room       vacant       a vacant job/post       rare          a rare stamp/species/flower/metal                      Air is rare in the mountains.       scarce        Fruit is scarce during the winter/war.   short    be short of sth.   give me short weight (短斤缺两) 99.  make a bargain with sb. = make a deal ‎ with sb.    pick up a bargain 100. Cf. base        an air base                     the base of the vase/statue       basement      in the basement       basis (pl. bases)   the basis of the theory    on a regular basis       foundation     lay a solid foundation for sth.                      the foundation of the PRC                      the Nobel Foundation                      the foundation of the building 101. have/take a bath           the bathing suit 102. Cf. beach    go to the beach    play on the beach   coast    off the coast       along the coast         on the coast  seaside  bank       along the river bank 103.  bear  vt.  忍受(can’t) bear to do/doing sth.                        bear=stand=endure=put up with=tolerate ‎ ‎          怀有bear/keep sth. in mind      bear love/hatred for her          带有bear no date/your signature/the Red Cross          承受bear the weight/the expense/the responsibility          生育bear flowers/fruit   born  adj.  be born of poor parents               be born in/into a rich family               be born lucky               be born to succeed               be born for the profession               a born actor 104.  beat (beat, beaten)  vt./vi.  Cf. beat  反复击打 My heart/the drum is beating fast. beat a naughty boy raindrops beat the window waves beat the beach  strike(struck, stricken)       钟敲 The clock struck 12.      敲击Strike while the iron is ‎ hot. He struck me on the head. 擦亮strike a match 袭击An earthquake struck the country. = attack.; hit          打动；留下印象Her beauty struck me.      突然想到The idea struck me. = The idea occurred to me.          It struck me that she was right. = It occurred to me that she was right. hit(hit, hit)      击中The ball hit me on the back.      撞上The car hit the lamppost and blew up.      袭击An earthquake hit the area.      突然想到I hit on an idea.    A strange idea hit him. Cf. beat (beat, beaten)   beat sb. /a team    defeat (defeated, defeated)  defeat sb. /a team    win     win a game/match            win a prize/some money            win over sb. / a team    lose    lose a ‎ game/match           lose to sb. /a team 105. 铺床make one’s/the bed   read sb. a bedtime story ‎106. before   It was (not) long before she came back.                two days                a long time           It won’t be long before she comes back.  since     It is/has been long since she came back.                       two days  when     It was two o’clock when she came back.  that      It was at two o’clock that she came back.           It was long ago that she came back.           It was yesterday that she came back.‎ Cf .before long = soon    She came back before long.                       She will come back before ‎ long.    long before 107. beg (for) sth. beg sth. of sb. = ask sb. of sb. beg sb. to do 108. begin with sth. begin sth. with sth. to begin with Cf. start  出发   We will start at 7am tomorrow.        （使）开始   When did the lesson/party/quarrel/fire start.                      start a business/company = set up        （使）启动  The car won’t start.                    I can’t start the car.    begin Cf. begin to do 进行时     She is beginning to do her homework.              非人做主语    It began to snow.              加认知情感动词    I began to ‎ love/realize/understand/know…    begin doing from beginning to end at/in the beginning (of)‎ ‎109. Cf. behave    behave oneself        She always behaves well.       act    It’s time to act.    We should act quickly.          Don’t take her seriously. She is acting.             She acts well in the play.    She acted (the role of) Queen in the play.             My teacher acted as the interpreter in the interview.      function     The machine is not functioning properly.      perform     perform a trick/a play    perform on the piano = play the piano                  She performed well in the interview.  The machine performed properly.                 perform an operation/an experiment/one’s promise = conduct(=do)=carry out ‎ ‎110. Cf. believe       believe in     I believe you/your words this time but I don’t believe in you. = I don’t trust you.                    She believes in God/Christianity/the existence of ghosts.                    She believes in jogging for her health. 111. sth. benefit sb. sb. benefit from sth. sth .be beneficial to sb. Cf.  sb. gain sth./a lot from sth.      sb. profit from sth./doing sth.‎ ‎112. You’d better do Better do It’s better to do know better than to do ‎* be better-off        be better-known ‎* beyond the river/the mountains  beyond all praise/expression/description/imagination ‎113. draw up a bill    adopt/pass a bill pay the bill ‎114. bind(bound,bound) Cf. bind    bind a package with strings = tie           bind papers into a bundle           bind the soil    fasten   fasten the seat belt/safety belt/your coat    lock    stick(stuck, stuck)  刺；扎stick his fork into the meat        粘贴stick the stamp onto the envelope = attach        坚持stick to your idea        陷入困境be stuck/get stuck    tie  扎tie a package with strings        绑tie his dog to the tree        联系tie your success into others’ opinions        束缚be tied to the desk all day long    attach  attach a stamp to the envelope =‎ ‎ stick           附属be attached to the university    fix   fix a bike = repair         安装；固定fix a cupboard to the wall/ fix a table to the ground    install  install a telephone in the room    equip   equip the room with a telephone ‎115. give birth to 116. bit Cf.     a bit                                        a little         a bit happy             =                   a little happy         a bit of food            =                   a little food       not a bit happy = not happy at, all                not a little happy = very happy ‎ do one’s bit for  bit by bit = little by little= step by step = gradually ‎117. be written in black and white 118. blame sb. for sth. = blame sth .on sb. be to blame    (be to let)‎ ‎119. Cf. blank   fill in the blanks               a blank in one’s memory/in one’s life        gap   watch the film from the gap between the two heads              the gap between her teeth              close/fill/narrow the generation gap       crack   There is a crack in the wall       leak   stop a leak in the roof/pipe ‎120. a blanket of air 121. blare one’s horns all day long 122. bleed(bled, bled)     bleed to death (starve to death/be bored to death)‎ ‎123. He is blind in both eyes.        不能说成His left eye is blind.      (同样用法: dumb, deaf) be blind to sth. a blind choice ‎* block  n.   block  vt. The street/water pipe was blocked.         Cf. hold up/crowd ‎124. be born with a certain blood type a blood test/a blood transfusion/ the blood bank stop the flow of blood indicate one’s blood type ‎* blow(blew, blown)   Cf. flow(flowed, flowed)   v. blow a whistle blow up = explode = go off blow out the candle    Cf. put out the fire         the candle go out   n. give sb. a heavy blow on the head It was a great/deadly blow to me. 125. be on board go on board on the school board   ( on a committee/on ‎ the school team//on a list) a notice board ‎* body temperature    the body language   body  VS  mind      physical  VS  mental      spiritual  VS   material ‎ ‎126. book a ticket = reserve booking office ‎127. Cf. border   a border conflict cross the French border              the lace border of a handkerchief / a border of flowers round the lawn       edge   the sharp/dull edge of a knife              on the edge of a table on/at the edge of a river/the town ‎128. bore sb. to death be bored with = be fed up with = be sick of = be tired of ‎* borrow sth. from sb.      VS    lend sth. to sb.  Cf. You can keep (不能用borrow) the book ‎ for two weeks.   some borrowed words in English ‎129. both…and… 用复数 Cf. not only…but also… / not…but…/either…or…/neither…nor… 就近分配 ‎130. 面on the bottom of the bottle     VS       on the top of the car    on top of the world 点at the bottom of page 10       VS       at the top of page 10 from the bottom of my heart           (at the top of the mountain  VS  at the foot of …) from top to bottom on the bottom shelf ‎131. Cf. brain    a brain disorder/damage       brains    have (good/no) brains                use one’s brains       mind   头脑have a quick mind              理智lose one’s mind    absence of mind                 注意Out of sight, out of mind.       have sth. in ‎ mind                                              with sth in mind                                           Cf. have sth. on one’s mind             意向make up one’s mind(s) to do       head   a man with a big head * brave  adj.         bravery  n. * breed  n.  Cf. species * break one’s heart    break a rule   break a promise    break a record * have breakfast     have a light/good breakfast     have sth. for breakfast * take/draw a deep breath     hold one’s breath    lose one’s breath = be out of breath   breathe air 132. give/offer a bribe to sb. take bribes 133. brief  adj.  in brief = in short = to put it brief = briefly               a brief stay / a brief fashion * (sb.)bring sth. to an end     (sb.)put an end to sth.      (sth) come to an end  ‎ ‎   * have broad shoulders        Cf. open one’s eyes/mouth wide  have a broad view/horizon/mind   broaden one’s horizon/view/mind ‎134. browse through a book = skim a book=leaf through a book Cf scan   glance at   stare at   watch observe ‎135. budget  n. a family/government budget for the coming year 136. build up  vt. /vi.       build up one’s muscles/health/reputation/fortune/experience/character… 137. bump my head on/against a tree bump into the wall = hit the wall bump into sb. = meet with = run into =‎ ‎ come across 138. relieve/lighten/bear/share a burden 139. burn  vt. be burned to ashes           vi. Fire burns.            smell sth. burning (不是burned)            have the fire burning all night            a burning candle = a lighted candle ‎* burst into tears/laughter/applause/leaves   burst out crying/laughing ‎* bury oneself in a book/one’s studies   with his head buried in a newspaper ‎140. anything but nothing but none but none other than not…but…= not…but rather… not that…but that… but for = without  虚拟 虚拟 + but + 事实             Cf.  事实 + otherwise +‎ ‎ 虚拟 Cf. but/except do    but/except to do ‎* business  n.   do business with sb.     drive…out of business      business hours                start/set up/have a business on this road                Mind your own business.  It’s none of your business.                get down to business ‎* Cf. be busy with sth.         be busy doing ‎ ‎* by day   VS   by night  by and by = soon = before long  by oneself  Cf. by oneself = on one’s own               in oneself               of oneself               to oneself               for oneself be late by 10 minutes    be taller than I by a head    follow me by 10 meters be written by hand   VS   be written with the left ‎ hand succeed by working hard   VS   succeed through hard work by way of be paid by the hour    be sold by the jin   (Cf. by sold in hundreds) The room is 10 meters by 5. by 的时态   By the time I was 5, I was already able to speak English.                By the time I was 5, I had already learned to speak English.                By the time I got to the station, the train had already left.                By the time I got to the station, the train was already moving ‎141. call on sb. = drop in on sb. call at sp. = drop in at sp. call sb. (up) = ring sb. (up) = give a ring to sb. = make a phone call to sb. 142. a calm sea  VS.  a rough sea 143. go on a camping trip 144. campaign  n.（一连串）军事行动                  Cf.‎ ‎ war                     battle                 运动run/start/launch a political/election a campaign                  Cf. movement                     activity 145. as poor as poor can be can not but do Cf. cannot help doing    cannot help to do 146. cancel = call off 147. capture 掌握词义  capture one’s attention 148. care  n. free from care            handle with care            give medical care to            leave my baby in/under the care of you            take care of = look after = see to = attend to            take care not to do    care  v.  (not) care for a cup of coffee/the ‎ idea             (not) care about my clothes             (not) care to tell the truth    careful  adj. be careful with money/the vase               be careful not to do    careless  adj. It’s careless of sb. to do 149. career  n. follow a nursing career = take up nursing as one’s career = make nursing her career              climb up the career ladder              abandon one’s stage career              read about the careers of her           adj. a career woman    Cf. job      work      occupation    by occupation      profession     by profession 150. case  n.  a (typical/successful/famous) case of = example             in this/that/no/any case    in some cases    in most cases             in a case  ( on an occasion; in a ‎ situation; under a condition/circumstance)             as is often the case             in case of fire             in case it rains = in case it should rain             in the case of ‎* pay in cash     Cf. pay by check    pay by credit card    buy sth. on credit * casual  VS   formal ‎* catch me by the arm/hair/collar   catch the early train   catch a disease   catch sb. (in the act of) doing   catch hold of   catch sight of   catch up with     Cf. keep up with the times ‎* cause  n. 原因cause and effect                do sth. without good cause                the cause of the accident   Cf. the reason for                the cause of SARS = the source ‎ (不是origin) of SARS           事业 a noble/just cause         vt. cause sth.            cause sb. to do sth.‎ ‎*cease to do = cease doing        Cf. stop to do,  stop doing  cease fire     VS    open fire ‎151. celebrate sth. observe sth. congratulate sb. on sth. 152. central  adj.  the central nervous system centre   n.   in the certre of      a shopping centre             a political/economic/cultural centre      ‎ ‎* the wedding/flag-raising/graduation/opening/closing ceremony   Cf. ceremony      celebration      anniversary ‎153. I’m sure/certain that… It’s certain(不可用sure) that… for sure/certain a certain book = some book (sb.) be sure/certain of/about  （人）对此肯定 (sb.) be sure/certain to do   说话者肯定（人）一定会。。。 Be sure/certain to do   务必。。。 Make sure/certain that… = See to it that… （不可用将来时）‎ ‎* a chain of      a mountain chain = a mountain range  a chain store     a chain reaction     a chain smoker ‎* Cf.  certificate          diploma       licence ‎154. challenge  n.  be faced with both an opportunity and a challenge                  accept a challenge              vt. 挑战challenge sb. to sth.   ‎ ‎ (challenge me to a race)                      challenge sb. to do                 质疑challenge sth.     (challenge the data/the authority)‎ ‎155. champion  n. (sb) the world’s heavy weight champion              adj. a champion team    championship  n. (sth) win a championship ‎* chance  n. C = opportunity    a chance to do                             a chance of doing            U=possibility   Sb. have/There is no chance of + n.                          Sb. have/There is no chance of + one’s doing                          Sb. have/There is no chance that…                          Chances are (that)…‎ ‎156. on Channel 8 157. character  n. = personality  * character(不用personality)‎ ‎ training characteristic  n. = feature              adj. be characteristic of = be typical of = be unique to ‎* charge  vt. charge sb. some money for sth.   VS   pay sb. some money for sth.            charge the battery            charge sb. with sth.          n. 费用the charge for admission        service charge       free of charge            掌管Cf. be in charge of               take charge of               be in the charge of            控告make a false charge 158. chase = run after 159. a cheap product       Cf. a low price 160. check  vt. Cf.  check       check the door locks/the correct answers/the shopping list                  examine    have my suitcase examined                             The doctor examined him thoroughly.                             examine the students on ‎ vocabulary/in English                  test   test the new sports car/medicine                       test the air for radioactivity                        test the students’ ability           n. Cf. check    make a check on the data                examination    a medical/physical/oral/written examination                test    a blood test       a nuclear test    an IQ test                       a test of a new medicine                       stand the test of time * chemical  n.          adj.  a chemical change            Cf. a chemistry teacher/book/lesson/lab/test ‎* in one’s childhood        his childhood home * choose  vt.  choose sth. from              There are many books to choose from.              choose sth. for sb.‎ ‎              choose sb. (as/to be) chairman = elect; make              choose to do              can’t choose but do      Cf. select         elect   choice  n.  make a careful choice of friends              a wide choice of goods              There is no choice but to do ‎* classify my books into three groups  classify my books by/according to subjects ‎* clean  vt. Cf. clean      clean the table              clear       clear the table (of books)      clear the road (of snow)                         clear the rubbish           clear the debts                         The sky cleared up.                         The problem cleared up.       clear up a problem         adj. Cf. clean   a clean table         have a clean ‎ record                clear   a clear voice/explanation/sky/fact                       a clear view/space                       be clear of traffic/debt                       have a clear conscience  VS   have a guilty conscience ‎161. be clever with one’s fingers 162. cloth  n. U  3 meters of cloth            C   a table cloth    clothes  n. (pl.)  have many beautiful clothes                   a suit of clothes    clothing  n.    an article of clothing                  food, clothing and transportation * by a strange coincidence             What a coincidence! * collapse = break down * What color shoes do you prefer? * combine  vt. (sb.) combine A with B           vi. A combine with B   combined  adj. be combined with                through our combined efforts ‎163. comfort  vt.             n. words of comfort        live in comfort ‎* commit  vt. 犯commit an error/a crime/suicide/robbery             交付commit the patient to the hospital                commit a poem to flames/the fire/paper/memory                commit his body to the earth/flames ‎*communicate with sb. by means of e-mail  communicate sth. to sb. = convey sth. to sb.  a major means of communication ‎* compare  vt. compare A with/to B              compare A to B              compare sth.              Compared with A, B still has a long way to go.            vi. A (can’t) compare with/to ‎ B  comparison  n. make a comparison between A and B               by comparison               in comparison with               beyond comparison         Cf. opposite   adj. the opposite way                      n. the opposite (of sth.)            contrary  n. on the contrary            contrast  n. in contrast to/with                       be in beautiful/sharp contrast to/with                      a funny/sharp/nice contrast to sth./sb.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎* compete  vi.  compete with sb. for sth.  competition  n. U stand out in the keen/fierce/intense competition                  in competition with sb. for sth               C  join in/take part in/participate in/take an active part in a competition  competitive  adj. a competitive ‎ person/society/spirit                 a competitive price/product ‎* complain to sb. of/about sth.  make a complaint to sb. of/about sth.‎ ‎164. pay compliments to sb. 165. be composed of = be made up of = consist of 166. conceal sth. from sb. = hide/hold back sth. from sb. 167. concern  vt. 关系到The matter concerns all of us.                      To whom it may concern                       everyone concerned                担心；关心be concerned about = concern oneself about                      as far as I am concerned             n. 担心show concern about/for               关心的事My first/greatest concern is your health.    concerning  prep. = about; as to; as for; in/with regard to…‎ ‎* in conclusion    as a conclusion ‎* condition  n. 环境;情景  under a condition = under a circumstance                    Cf. situation  处境   in a favorable/awkward situation                                形势；局面 the present political/social situation              状况  be in good/poor condition                   the condition of weightlessness                   working conditions/ housing conditions                 Cf. state（抽象）情况  in a state of emergency/decline                       心理状态one’s emotional state/one’s state of mind/ in an excited state                        （物质）三态    exist in a solid/liquid/gaseous state              条件 meet one’s conditions                   on condition that 168. conduct  vt.   conductor  n. 注意词义丰富 169. confess  vt.  confess (to) sth. to sb.                confess (to) doing sth . to sb.‎ ‎ Cf. expose sth. to sb.    admit sth./doing sth. 170. be confident of/about sth. have confidence in 171. confirm  vt. 证实  confirm sth.(his theory/the news)                      confirm that…                确认  confirm my belief                      confirm me in my belief 172. conflict  vi. conflict with sb./sth. conflict  n.  a conflict of feelings/opinions             a conflict between them             be in conflict with 173. consider  vt. 考虑  consider doing                      All things considered, he has done a good job.                认为  consider sb .(to be/as) + adj./n.                      be considered to do    considering  prep. = given                  Considering/Given his age, he has done a good ‎ job.               conj.                  Considering that/Given that he is still young, he has done a good job.   Cf. considerate      considerable    take sth. into consideration = take sth. into account ‎174. constant  adj. 不停的constant complaints/ noise / pain                 固定不变的constant temperature / speed/weather                 忠诚的a constant friend    Cf. continual  频繁的；反复的；陆续的  continual rain/invitations/complaints       continuous （时间空间）连续不断的  a continuous body of water                                         a continuous line of cars                                         continuous rain ‎* be under construction    (be under ‎ repair/treatment/examination/way/observation)                           Cf. be in progress the construction site    Cf. site                        location                        scene 175. consult sb. about sth. consult a dictionary = turn to a dictionary = refer to a dictionary = look up a word in a dictionary 176. Cf. contact  vt. 联络contact sb.       touch  vt. 触摸touch me on the shoulder                感动The story touched me.                涉及 The matter touches your future.                      I’d like to touch on the topic.    Cf. contact  n. 接触explode on contact     spread by contact    make eye contact with                 联络make contact with sb.                     be in/keep in/get in contact with                       lose contact with       touch  n. 触觉It feels cold to the ‎ touch.                联络be in/keep in touch with                     lose touch with                    be out of touch with 177. contain  vt. 装着 The box contains my toys.   The bottle contains some wine.               容纳 How much can this bottle/hall contain?               含有 contain a high level of carbon dioxide    include  vt. 包括…为一部分 The toys include some of mine.    The price includes postage charges.               把…包括在内 They included me in the team.                            Everyone should come here, including you and me.                                                  , you and I included.    involve  vt. 把…卷入/牵扯/连累  involve sb. with sb.         involve sb. in sth.                                  (sb.) be involved with sb.     (sb. ) be involved in ‎ sth.                (必然)包含;意味着 Winning the game involves both skills and fortune.                                Taking the job involves traveling all around the world. 178. be contemporary with sb. 179. the content   VS   the form a table of contents (contents 常用复数) 180. continue sth. = go on with sth. continue to do = continue doing    Cf. go on to do       go on doing To be continued. 181. sign a contract with sb. 182. contribute  vt. 捐助;提供 contribute a lot of money/some good ideas to the school vi. 有助于contribute to good health/the growth of the suburbs    Cf. devote  vt. devote time/energy/one’s life/oneself to sth./doing sth.                 (sb.) be devoted to sth./doing ‎ sth.               专用于devote each Saturday/two pages/the space to sth./doing sth.        donate  vt. 捐赠donate money/blood to a blood bank            donor  n.  VS   recipient  n. *　control  n. U   have control over sb./sth.                  be in control     VS   be in the control of                  be/get out of control                  take/bring/have sb./sth. under control    control  vt. (controlled, controlled) * convenience  n. at one’s (earliest) convenience                 convenience stores                 for the sake of convenience  convenient  adj. Come to my office if it is convenient to/for you.                         不能说 if you are convenient. 　　　　　　　  be located in a convenient place 183. convey sth from …to. ..= carry ‎ convey sth.(an idea) to sb. = communicate 184. corner  n. in the corner of the house/one’s mouth              at/on the corner of Road A and Road B              around the corner    It’s just around the corner. You can’t miss it                                The Entrance Examintions are around the corner.                                See her appear/disappear around the corner.           vt. fight like a cornered animal * correct one’s homework    Cf. mark one’s papers * cost  vt.  sth. cost (sb.) some money        Cf. It take sb. some time to do sth.           It take some time for sb. to do sth.           sb. spend some time on sth.           sb spend some time (in) doing sth.                     cost sb. sth. = cause sb to lose sth.        n. at all costs = at any cost = anyway =‎ ‎ anyhow          at the cost of = at the expense of          at one’s own cost = at one’s own expense          at cost price 185. Cf. country, nation, state the country = the countryside * a couple of 　一对（可分）；　一两个；几个 * in the course of   take/do a course in economics * cover  vt. 覆盖cover the baby with a blanket   Cf. wrap the baby in a blanket                 cover an area of                 (sp) be covered with sth.           掩盖cover up one’s mistake = hide/conceal           包含The story covers only 3 days.                The report covers all aspects of the problem.           走过cover 800 meters in 3 minutes           够用;够付Will 100 yuan cover the bill?          报导cover the Iraq War/the election ‎ campaign         n. a cover girl           from cover to cover 186. craft  n.  learn some old crafts              a spacecraft / many spacecraft ‎* crash  vi. crash into another car = bump into = run into = hit            A vase crashed onto the ground.         n. be killed in an air/plane crash            fall to the ground with a loud crash.       Cf. crush vt. 压碎;压坏crush grapes/a tablet/my hat         smash  vt.使粉碎  smash (up) all the windows   187. Cf. create   God created the world.               create a character/a painting/a dress/a fashion create a system/organization/state = set up create confusion/an awkward situation/an effect = produce = bring about       invent   invent the bell/the ‎ dictionary               invent a story/an excuse = make up       discover       produce   produce cars = manafacture                 produce fine crops/wheat/eggs = bear = give birth to                 produce your licence = take out                 produce a play/a book/a film                 produce confusion/an effect 188. credit  n. 信用; 贷款; 存款 189. crew集合名词用法 190. crowd  n.  a crowd of              a crowd gather/form around the scene           vt. (sp) be crowded with sth. 191. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 192. cultivate some plants = grow = raise              (= plant 表示瞬间)    cultivate a child = bring up a child = educate a child * cure  vt. cure me    cure a disease    cure me of a ‎ disease          (治愈)       Cf. treat me    treat a disease    treat me for a disease with a medicine          (治疗)              对待treat me well/like his daughter              认为treat me as his friend = think of = regard = consider = look on/upon             招待treat me to dinner = entertain me to dinner(= entertain me with a film)          relieve me   relieve the pain/symptom    relieve me of the heavy bag/work           (使宽慰)   (减轻)                    (减轻)        n.C  There is no cure for AIDS.      Cf. treatment U  under treatment                 C   try different treatments for cancer ‎* be curious about      be modest about    be economical about * current  adj. the current year/ the current chairman current ‎ affairs              the current issue of the magazine              Doing sth. is current. = fashionable         Cf. latest            recent          n. an electricity/air/warm/cold current * custom  n. Cf. custom      ,          habit            Cf. custom               Customs 193. cycle  n.  the cycle of the seasons     the business cycle              = bicycle          vt.  使…循环cycle sth. vi. 循环 骑车cycle to work         Cf. circle  vt./vi. 环绕            recycle  vt. ‎ ‎* Cf. dairy (dairy products)         diary (keep a diary)     daily * Cf. damp      wet 194. danger  n.  be in ‎ danger                save sb. out of danger                a danger signal           a danger zone                a danger to sb. = a threat to dangerous  adj. a dangerous tiger              Cf. a girl in danger *Cf.  need   情态     直接否定,疑问                       无任何时态变化                       只加动词原形                       不用于肯定句              行为   need + to do                         + doing = to be done                         + n.      dare   情态     直接否定,疑问                      有过去时(dared) ,但无第三人称单数                      只加动词原形                      可用于肯定句 dare say              行为   dare + to do                     否定时to可省 (doesn’t dare to do = doesn’t dare do) 195. in the ‎ dark 196. dash  n. 短跑; 一笔; 猛冲; 破折号 197. deal  vi. how to deal with    VS    what to do with          n. make a deal with sb. = make a bargain with sb. * debate  n. Cf. debate               quarrel               argument 198. deceive sb. into doing sth. = cheat sb. into doing persuade sb. into doing = persuade sb. to do tempt sb. into doing 199. decide on sth. decide against sth. 200. decline  vt. Cf. decline   decline the offer/invitation/gift                  refuse    refuse the offer/invitation/gift                           refuse sb. sth. = refuse sth. to sb.                  reject    reject the ‎ offer/invitation/gift                           reject a job candidate                           be rejected by the army for his poor eyesight                           rejected products/ fruit/paper                  turn down            vi. Cf. reduce  vt. 201. decorate sp. with sth. fill the bottle with water crowd the bag with books line the streets with cars 202. decrease  vi. Cf. reduce  vt. 203. defend  vt. Cf. defend  保护  defend myself (from/against a drunken man)                         保卫(武力)  defend our motherland against attack                         捍卫  defend one’s ideas/right/claim                          防守 defend well in the match                  protect   protect my eyes from the sunlight/the rain/the ‎ cold                  preserve  保护(历史价值的古老东西) preserve the old temple/our culture/the dying language                           保存食物preserve fruit in sugar/salt/cans                           保持;维持preserve one’s strength/eyesight                  maintain  维持;维护maintain good health/world peace/law and order                           维修maintain a car/road/house                  remain    仍然是= is still      remain + adj.                                           + n.                                           + v.ed                                           + v.ing                                           + 介词结构                            留下来  Some students remained after class.                            剩下    Nothing remained after the earthquake.                            留待   remain to be ‎ done/said                 reserve 保留;储备reserve some money for future use = set aside = put aside                           预定reserve a seat/ticket/room = book                           保留reserve my comment/ my right to rufuse 204. be defined as by definition 205. a definite answer be definite about sth 206. degree  n. get/receive a bachelor’s degree              37 degrees              a high degree of ability/civilization              to some degree = to some extent 207. delay  vt. delay sth.             delay doing          Cf. delay      The flight was delayed by a heavy fog.             postpone = put off   The meeting was postponed/put off until next ‎ Friday.           n. after a delay of two hours             without delay 208. deliver  vt .deliver newspapers/milk/mail Cf. transmit information/a message/data 209. demanding  adj. a demanding job Cf. rewarding  adj. a rewarding job = worthwhile 210. deny  vt. 否认deny sth.                  deny doing                  There is no denying the fact that…             拒绝deny sb. sth. = deny sth. to sb. = refuse sb. sth. = refuse sth. to sb. 211. depart from sp. for sp. 212. depend on 依靠 = rely on = count on                   depend on sb. for sth.                   depend on sb. to do sth.              取决 It/That (all) depends!    be dependent on sb. for sth.                     to do sth.    be independent of one’s ‎ wishes   gain/win/achieve independence from   one’s dependence on 213. deposit  vt . 使沉积  A layer of soil was deposited by winds .                存放  deposit his bag in the cloakroom                储蓄               vi. 沉淀            n.  沉积物  There is some deposit at the bottom of the bottle.                存款                定金  charge deposit on sth. 214. depress  vt. depress sb.               depress the market/sales/economy    depressed  adj. (sb.) be depressed                 a depressed market/economy depressing  adj. the depressing news 215. describe sth. to sb. describe sb. /sth. as beyond description    a vivid/detailed description of sth 216. desert  n.‎ ‎ desert  vt. desert a house          a deserted house ‎* deserve  vt . deserve sth.              deserve to do              deserve to be done = deserve doing  (=need, want, require) Cf. worth  prep. be worth 100 yuan               be worth the efforts/the trouble/a visit               be worth doing (主动表被动)           n . the worth of friendship = value              a month’s worth of food              10 yuan’s/dollars’ worth of apples    worthy  adj. a worthy professor = respectable               a worthy cause               be worthy of praise/consideration/attention               be worthy to be done = be worthy of being done   worthwhile  adj. a worthwhile job = a rewarding ‎ job                  It is worthwhile to do/doing 217. design  n.           vt. 旨在 (sth.) be designed for sb. = be intended for sb. = be meant for sb.                   (sth.)be designed to do = be intended to do (= be meant to do) 218. desire  n. arouse /create a desire satisfy a desire a desire to do sth.    a desire for sth .    a desire that…(should) do           vt. desire sth. = want sth. = expect sth.             Cf. hope for sth. = wish for sth. = long for sth.             desire to do             desire that…(should) do leave a lot to be desired = leave room for improvement * despite = in spite of + n.  = for all + n.       + wh- 从句 (不可直接加that从句)       + the fact that… 219. detail  n. in detail    VS      in ‎ general             for further details detailed  adj. a detailed description 220. determine  vi. determined  adj. determine to do = be determined to do = decide to do = make up one’s mind(s) to do 221. develop  vt. 发展  develop one’s English speaking skills                      develop the store into a supermarket                    develop one’s body and mind                    develop one’s muscles = build up                开发  develop a new product / an estate / solar energy                养成  develop a habit = form = get into = build up                      develop an interest in art/ a taste = cultivate                患病   develop a disease = catch = be affected by = be infected with                详述   develop an ‎ idea                冲洗   develop the film            vi. 发展,生长  develop from…into… Cf. developing      developed 222. devote…to doing sth.:        look forward to /give time to / lead to / pay attention to / stick to / object to doing * die  vi. 时态   She has died.                 She is dead.                 She has been dead for 10 years.                 She died 10 years ago.         die a glorious death   (live a happy life)        Cf. die of a disease/cancer/a bad cold/a heart attack/shock                hunger/thirst/heat/cold                excitement/anger/sorrow           die from pollution/overwork/a wound in the chest         be dying to do sth.         be dying for sth.        Cf. dead   VS     dying           drowned      ‎ ‎ drowning           sunken        sinking 223. be on/go on a diet a healthy/balanced/vegetarian/meat diet ‎* A differ from B in … = A is different from B in…   It makes a difference/makes no difference to me whether you come or not.‎ ‎224. He is difficult to get along with.        hard, different, easy, fit, unfit, possible, comfortable … adj.后动词主动表被动    have some/no trouble/difficulty with sb./sth.    have some/no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.    with/without difficulty 225. digest food in the stomach Some books are to be digested. 226. Cf. digit   a three-digit salary       number    the number of the students in this school       figure    (数据) according to official ‎ figures                外型;轮廓  the dim figure of a ship on the horizon                人型     see a figure approaching in the dark               身材 227. Cf. dim  adj. 昏暗  in the dim light of a candle                模糊不清  a dim figure/outline/memory       faint  adj. 微弱  a faint sound/ smell/breath                      I don’t have the faintest/slightest/vaguest idea wh-… 暗淡 a faint color             vi. 昏       vague  adj. 含糊;不明确  a vague plan/answer/idea/memory                              vague knowledge about Shakespeare                             I don’t have the vaguest idea ‎ wh-… * dip  vt. dip the pen in/into the ink          dip one’s finger in/into the soup       vi. dip into the sea          dip into a book 228. direct  vt. direct sb. + prep.              direct sb. to do           adj.           adv. Cf. direct = straight   go direct home after school                         fly direct to Shanghai                  directly  be directly related to each other                          be directly opposite the store                          come here directly   direction  n.U  have no sense of direction                 go in the direction of the school                 in all directions                 under the direction of sb.              pl. follow one’s directions = instructions  director  n. a board of ‎ directors 229. Cf. dirt       dust       earth       soil       land * the disabled     VS   the normal * the disadvantaged * disappoint  vt. disappoint sb.               disappoint one’s hopes  be disappointed at sth.  a disappointed look/expression/voice  a disappointing result  to one’s disappointment      in disappointment 230. discipline  n. establish/keep/maintain discipline 231. disconcert  vt. 挫败  (sb.) be/feel disconcerted by sth. 扰乱. disconcert our original plan 232. be discouraged by sth. discourage sb. from doing encourage sb. to ‎ do encourage sb. in sth. an encouraging smile/encouraging words 233. have a discussion with sb. with./about/over sth. a heated discussion under discussion * a heart disease  (不用illness, sickness)                 (during his illness/sickness)   die of a disease   suffer from a disease   spread a disease   prevent (不用avoid) a disease   catch/develop/be infected with/be affected by a disease   carry a disease/virus   conquer/defeat/fight a disease * dislike sth.     dislike doing sth. Cf. like sth.      like to do       like doing    would like to do              feel like doing   have a dislike for sth.   likes and dislikes 234. dismiss  vt. dismiss an employee = fire ‎ = sack = lay off               dismiss the class/army 235. disorder  n. U in disorder = out of order = in a mess               C suffer from a mental disorder    (dis)orderly  adj.    friendly, likely, lovely, lively… 236. be on display = be on show = be on exhibition 237. Cf. dissolve  vt/vi.        melt    238. in the distance from the distance at a distance a distant village = faraway = remote    be distant to sb.    a distant relative * distinguish  v.  distinguish A from B = distinguish (between) A and B = tell A from B = tell A and B apart             distinguish oneself = become famous = make one’s name= make a name for ‎ oneself   distinguished  adj. a distinguished guest = an honorable guest = an honored guest                   be distinguished for = be famous for = be well-known for                   be distinguished as = be famous as =be well-known as 239. distress  n . in distress = in sorrow 240. distrust  n.U look on sb./sth .with distrust            vt. trust  n. 信任 be worthy of trust           command/enjoy one’s trust           have/put/place trust in sb.           hold a position of trust in the company           信托  a trust fund      an investment trust 241. Cf. divide sth. in two / in half divide sth. into two parts / into halves/ into two    Cf. divide the whole class into two groups       separate the first group from the second ‎ group       isolate the sick student from the rest of the class 242. divorce sb. = get a divorce from sb. = be divorced from sb. 243. see a doctor    send for a doctor 244. domestic service/life domestic products/affairs   VS   foreign domestic animals = tame animals     VS   wild animals * play a dominant role        a dominant figure           the dominant party * double  vi. 翻倍Sales doubled this year.             弯曲double up in pain          vt. double his salary within 5 years          adj. She is double my age.       I want double the amount.              a double room/bed    VS   a single room/bed              a double chin/character * doubt  vt. I doubt his honesty.           = I doubt that he is ‎ honest.           I doubt whether he is honest. = I don’t know whether he is honest or not.           I don’t doubt that he is honest. = I believe that he is honest.                                    = I believe in/trust his honesty.           Do you doubt that…?         Cf. doubt sth. /that…  疑惑,不肯定            suspect sth./that… 猜疑是            question sth. = doubt sth. question sb. on sth. 询问 doubt  n.  I have some doubt of/about/as to sth.                           wh-从句           There is some doubt of/about/as to sth.                            wh-从句           I have no doubt that…           There is no doubt that…           in doubt 245. be/come down with a bad cold 246. dozen 用法同 hundred,‎ ‎ thousand…        two dozen eggs        dozens of eggs             Cf. two score eggs = two score of eggs                scores of eggs       be sold by the dozen  Cf. be sold in hundreds 247. a great drain on The drain is blocked. 248. draw  vt. 拉;拖; 拔  draw the curtain                        draw me to her                        draw water from a well                        draw a knife/sword/nail                        have one’s teeth drawn out /pulled out /taken out              Cf. pull   pull a cart                      pull out a tooth/nail                 push  push me forward on my way to succeed                 drag  (用力或缓慢)拖  drag the heavy table into the corner                       (强迫)硬拖  drag myself out of ‎ bed reluctantly                                  drag the boy to the dentist’s             提取  draw some money from a bank   VS   deposit             画   draw his characters well             吸引  draw/attract one’s attention                   draw a huge crowd to the spot             获得  draw a lesson/conclusion/a profit 249. dream of doing sth. realize one’s dream of doing sth. dream a dream Cf. Your dream is likely to come true. Your dream is likely to be realized Your dream is possible to realize. 250. dress  n. U = clothes   in formal/casual dress             C 女裙a beautiful dress           vt. dress sb.              dress oneself           vi. She dresses ‎ well.             She dressed quickly to catch the train.   dressed  adj. 动作She got dressed quickly.                   = She put on her clothes quickly.               状态 She is dressed in a beautiful gown.                   = She is wearing a nice gown today.                   = She wears a nice gown today.                   = She has a nice gown on today. 251. drill vi. 钻孔  drill a hole/ drill a tooth           反复操练  Cf. drill    drill in English pronunciation         drill troops                   exercise  vi. 锻炼身体exercise more                            n.C 练习  do exercises in English                                操   do morning/eye exercises                              U 锻炼 do/take/have ‎ some exercise                                     lack exercise                  practis(c)e  vt. 练习 practis(c)e sth./doing sth.                                实习  practis(c)e Judo on your friends                       practice  n. It takes a lot of practice to…                                 put sth in/into practice                                 combine theory with practice                                 Practice makes perfect.                  train  vt. train sb. for the job                          train sb. as a nurse                          train sb. to do sth                       training  n. have no specialized/techical training                                  a training course/school                 teach  vt. teach sb. sth.                          teach sb .wh- to do sth. * drink tea/coffee/milk/beer/wine         take ‎ medicine         eat soup  a drunken man    be drunk 252. Cf. drip  vi. 滴       drop  vt. 洒  drop soup down his suit                掉  drop a book on the floor                降低  drop one’s voice = lower one’s voice             vi. 滴                掉落                降低  (price/wind/voice)    Cf. drip  n. 滴       drop  n. 滴               降落 * Cf. drought      flood         famine * due to 常用表语   because of = owing to = thanks to = on account of用状语 253. a dull lesson = boring a dull edge   VS  a sharp edge a dull boy = a slow boy 不鲜明的a dull color/ a dull thunder/ a dull ‎ pain 254. dump rubbish on the road dump low-quality products on foreign markets * at dusk    at dawn    at day-break    at mid-day    at noon    at night   at mid-night * It’s my duty to do have no sense of duty  do one’s duty the rights and duties of a citizen on/off duty duty free   Cf. tax 255. Cf. each  pronoun.      >=2       个性             adj.       every  adj.          >=3      共性         特殊用法:                                                 Not every man is honest.                                                = Every man is not honest.                                                 every two days = every second ‎ day                                                              = every other day                                                         every few lines 256. be eager for sth. be eager to do sth. be eager that… (should) do be eager in one’s studies    in one’s eagerness to do sth 257. earn/make a living earn/win sb. the respect of all  (不用gain/obtain) earnings 用作复数 (如savings, findings, beginnings…)‎ ‎258. Cf. on earth       on the earth       in the earth *  do sth. with ease = without difficulty    Cf. It is easy to find the answer.       The answer was found easily (= with ease). Cf. Take it easy  =  Don’t ‎ worry. Ttake your time. = Don’t rush. * east  n./adj.  The sun rises in the east.      Cf. in the east of         to the east of         on the east of    完全倒装  East of the country lies a mountain.            = To the east of the country lies a mountain.     an east wind   eastern  adj. in eastern culture/countries 259. economy  n. domestic/national economy                economy class       Cf. business class, first class economics  n. major in economics economic  adj.  economic growth / situation economical  adj. an economical car/woman               be economical of/about economist  n.  260. Cf. edition  the first/latest edition    a paperback/pocket edition   a revised edition       a rare ‎ edition       version   the simplified version    editor  n. the chief editor = the editor-in-chief    editorial  adj. the editorial office/staff                the editorial section                an editorial article = an editorial             n. ‎ ‎* Cf. educate  vt. educate sb.                educate sb. to do train  vt. train sb. to do / as/for guide  vt. guide sb. in their studies instruct  vt. instruct sb. in their studies            instruct sb. to do receive higher education well-educated  adj. ‎ ‎261. Cf. effective        efficient 262. respect the elders 263. elect/choose/make/appoint sb .(to be/as) chairman 264. Cf.‎ ‎ electric       electrical 265. element  n. a chemical element               Life in London is made up of many elements.              the elements of success = the secret of success = the key to success    Cf. elementary     in the elementary school = in the primary school                    elementary, intermediate and advanced level       primary   in the primary school                3 primary colors                of primary importance                my primary concern 266. an embarrassed expression an embarrassing situation 267. in case of emergency = in an emergency Cf. emergency    an emergency exit/box/ward/brake/measures    urgent    an urgent matter/call/letter/need 268. Cf. emotion  n. stir/arouse our ‎ emotions                  appeal to our emotions                  full of emotion      feeling  n. I have a feeling that something will happen. Understand/hurt my feelings      sense   n. a keen sense of smell/sight…               a sense of direction/duty/honor/music/humor/business…               lack common sense               make sense      mood  n. be in a good/bad mood               be (not) in the mood for sth                                to do sth.      humor  n. have a good sense of humor                = mood    be in a good/bad humor                          be (not) in the humor for sth.                                            to do sth.      temper  n. have a bad/hot/short temper                lose one’s temper 269. lay/put/place emphasis on ‎ sth. 270. create employment opportunities 271. flow into the sea = empty into the sea be empty of   VS   be full of   end  v. end sth. with sth.           end (up) with sth.           end (up) in prison/in failure           end (up) as a doctor         n. (sb.) put an end to sth.           (sb.) bring sth. to an end           (sth.) come to an end           at the end of           in the end 272. an endurance test 273. an enemy of/to   VS   a friend of 274. Cf. energy        power        force      , ;  strength *engage oneself in sth./doing sth.  (sb.) be engaged in sth./doing sth.  (sb.) be engaged to sb.  The line is ‎ engaged/busy. 275. Cf. enlarge  vt.   enlarge one’s vocabulary       broaden  vt.  broaden one’s mind/view/horizon       expand  vi. 膨胀Metals expand when heated.               vt. 展开expand one’s chest                     expand its wings/the sails               vt. 扩大expand business/trade/economic ties                    expand his article into a book       extend  vt. extend the subway to the suburbs               extend the meeting another 20 minutes               extend a building/an athletic field               extend one’s hand to               extend help to            extension  n. U the extension of the meeting/subway                        C build an extension to the ‎ house                          arrange a two-day extension to her holiday                        Extension 123            extent  n. 广/宽/长度 20 miles in extent                      范围 I’m amazed at the extent of his knowledge.                      程度 to some extent = to a certain extent                          = to some degree = to a certain degree            extensive  adj. an extensive knowledge of history                         extensive reading       stretch  vt.  stretch a rope/a rubber band                  stretch one’s arm/legs/potentiality                  stretch the shoes/gloves       spread  vt.摊,伸展,涂,洒  spread the map/the wet clothes/a new cloth                              spread its wings =‎ ‎ expand                              spread a blanket over the baby                              spread jam on his toast                              spread salt on his steak                传播  spread the news/information/knowledge                      spread a disease 276. enter for a contest = sign up for a contest 277. entertain sb. with sth.    Cf. entertain sb. to dinner places of entertainment 278. Cf. entire  整个  the entire mountain/ the entire morning = whole              抽象  in entire ignorance / an entire failure = complete = total complete  完备,完善的  a complete set of tools                      the complete works of Shakespeare          抽象  = entire = total whole  整块,完整的  eat the whole fish/cake        整个 the whole ‎ world/family             the whole morning = entire total  adj.总数的 the total amount         抽象 = complete = entire       n. work out the total * entitle  vt. 取名entitle the book Money = call/name the book Money                                    = refer to the book as Money            使某人享有权利  entitle sb. to sth.            使某人有权利做  entitle sb. to do sth.         Cf. qualify  vt. qualify sb. for sth.                      qualify sb. to do sth                      qualify sb. as… * protect the environment  the environment/the surroundings in which a child is brought up * equal  adj. (大小,数量，程度)相等be equal to            平等be born equal  equivalent  adj.等值的 What is 7 dollars equivalent to in RMB?               相当的 = equal 279. equip(equipped,‎ ‎ equipped)   vt. equip sp. with sth .    Cf. install sth. in sp.            equip sb. for sth. = prepare sb . for sth.            equip sb. to do = prepare sb. to do sth. 280. erect  vt.  erect a monument = build erect a tent/ a flagpole = set up = post (up) 281. Cf. error       mistake       fault 282. escape  v. 逃跑  escape from a burning house                    escape from reality                    escape doing                    escape my attention/my lips/my memory              逸出  Gas is escaping from/out of the hose.            n. have a narrow escape    an escaped prisoner    (a retired worker) 283. Cf.‎ ‎ especially       Specially 284. It’s essential/important/necessary that …(should) do 285. establish a company = start = set up= found establish a system/rule/law = create = form 286. estimate  vt. estimate his age at/to be 30                It is estimated that… * Cf. everyone          VS          every one      anyone                        any one      no one                         none ‎287. 要B   exchange A for B = trade A for B replace A with B = substitute B for A = B substitute for A          exchange seats/gifts/opinions with sb.‎ ‎* excuse  vt. excuse sb / sth.           excuse sb. for doing sth. = excuse one’s doing   Cf. forgive  vt. forgive sb. /sth.                 forgive sb. sth. = forgive sb. for ‎ doing sth.   excuse  n. find an excuse for sth.             invent/make up an excuse ‎* expect  vt. 期待; 预料           希望                 希望           expect sth.             wish for sth.             hope for sth.           expect too much of sb.           expect to do            wish to do              hope to do           expect sb. to do         wish sb. to do                      expect that…           wish that + 虚拟        hope that…      Cf. He is younger than I expected. than expected. than was expected. He came back earlier than I had expected.                          than expected.                          than had been expected. * expense  n.  at the expense of = at the cost of ‎               at one’s own expense = at one’s own cost               living expenses = living cost = the cost of living               spare no expense to do               cut down on expenses    Cf. fee  n. 会费;入场费an admission fee/ a club fee/ a membership fee              酬金 a doctor’s fee/a lawyer’s fee / a fee for consultation/ tuition fees              = tip       fare  n. 车费       charge  n. 费用the charge for admission    service charge    free of charge                掌管Cf. be in charge of                        take charge of                        be in the charge of                控告make a false charge ‎* experience  n. U (in)               C             Vt. = go through = undergo  (in)experienced  adj. ‎ ‎(in) 288. experiment  n. make/do/conduct/perform/carry out an experiment on                  be proved by experiment             vi. experiment on/with sth. 289. an expert in/on/at             a specialist in be expert in sth./doing sth.     be specialized in sth. 290. exploit  vt. exploit natural resources = develop               exploit one’s skills/talents/friends/authority  = make use of = take advantage of               exploit the poor 291. explore the unknown / the moon 292. expose sth to sth. (the wind/rain/dangers/the sunlight)         She was sleeping, with her arms exposed to the air. expose the secret/his identity to sb. expose children/oneself to the language ‎ ‎ 293. express  n. expression  n. wear a delighted expression on his face             beyond expression             an expression of politeness 294. be threatened with extinction 295. catch one’s eye = catch/draw/attract one’s attention do eye exercises keep an eye/a close eye on sth. see sth .with one’s own eyes with jealous/sleepy eyes the eye of a needle 296. face  n. in (the) face of            face to face            look sb. in the face         v. The room faces south. = faces to the south.           A problem faces us. = We are faced with a problem.           We should face the problem bravely. = face up to a ‎ problem           face the music 297. fail  vi. fail (in) a test            fail to do            Her health is failing. = She is failing in health.    failure  n. one’s failure to do sth. 298. Cf.         修饰比较级和too                语序                 意思 fairly                            a fairly hard problem          正好       rather   rather too tall              a rather hard problem          太过了              rather taller than I           rather a hard problem       quite                            a quite hard problem                                       quite a hard problem 299. faith  n. 信任   put/place one’s faith/trust in                    lose one’s faith/belief in God                    have blind faith in what she ‎ says             信念   Faith moves the mountain. * sb. be familiar with sth.  sth. be familiar to sb. 300. fancy  n. 幻想live in a world of fancy             喜爱;迷恋 have a fancy for sth.= take a fancy to sth *It’s fashionable to do sth. * do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb.   ask a favor of sb. 301. feature  n. a feature on the Olympics              the features of the city           vt. feature sth.              feature sb. 302. feed  vt. feed a dog on meat             feed meat to a dog          vi. feed on = live on             be fed up with             feed back 303. a fierce animal fierce heat/anger fierce ‎ competition 304. fight sb/sth = fight with sb/sth = fight against sb/sth fight for fight one’s way   (make/feel/find/lose/squeeze/wind one’s way…) fight a fight 305. be filled with = be full of 306. Cf. find       find out 307. Cf. finish  v. 吃完;喝完  finish the food/drinks = finish up = finish off       complete v. 填好   complete an application form = fill in = fill out                 完工;竣工  complete a bridge                使…完备  complete my set of Shakespeare    Cf. finished  adj. 完成了的  a finished product       complete  adj. 308. fire  n. C make/build/lay a fire             light/start a ‎ fire             put out a fire      (the fire) go out           U play with fire             be on fire =  be in flames             catch fire             set fire to sth. = set sth. on fire             insure my house against fire 309. firm  坚定的 a firm faith                 be firm in one’s belief          坚固的 on firm ground                 a firm foundation                 be firm on its feet * first   It is the first time (that) I have come to Shanghai.         It was the first time (that) I had come to Shanghai.         In 1990, I came to SH for the first time.      When I saw her for the first time, she was still a little girl.      The first time I came to SH, she was still a little girl.      at first sight 310. fit  adj. be fit for the job = be suitable ‎ for the job            The water is not fit to drink.            It’s not fit for sb. to do            keep fit = keep healthy        vt. The dress fits you perfectly.           The key doesn’t fit the lock.            Cf. The dress doesn’t suit you, as you are too young for such a style.               The dress matches your shoes well.= go with               The dress matches the color of your hair/eyes.               The dress doesn’t match your age.           fit a speech to the occasion           Vocational training will fit you for a job. = prepare = qualify                              fit you to do the job. = equip = prepare = qualify        vi. fit in with 311. Cf. float  vi.  sth. is floating in the air/on the surface of the river                 a floating bridge/ floating ‎ population/ floating votes        flow (flowed, flowed) vi.  Water/River/Crowd/Traffic is flowing.                          n. the flow of blood/water/traffic        flutter  vi. Flag/Curtain/Flowers/Leaves flutter               vt. flutter the wings 312. fold sth. up He stood there, with his arms folded across his chest. folding chair/screen * follow sb.      be followed by sb.   follow one’s advice/the rules   It doesn’t follow that…   as follows   on the following day = on the coming day = on the day to follow = on the day to come 313. focus  n. adjust the focus             in /out of focus             the focus of attention/the argument           vi. focus (one’s attention) on = ‎ concentrate on 314. fool  vt. fool sb. into doing sth. (= cheat/persuade sb. into doing)          n. He is no fool.            be fool enough to do            make a fool of sb. = make fun of sb. = play a joke on sb.    Cf. foolish       stupid       simple * be for sb./sth.      VS   be against sb./sth.  for all = in spite of = despite for free for fun/pleasure or on business for good = forever He looks young for his age. = He doesn’ t look his age. for sale   Cf. on sale for the sake of for the good/benefit of 315. Cf. force sb. to do       oblige sb. to ‎ do 316. Cf. form   in the form of              take the form of        style   hair style               life style               writing style               a Japanese-style conversation        manner        way 317. the former   VS   the latter Cf. formal       former    Cf. former    our former English teacher       previous   in the previous line * back and forth * be free from/of worry and trouble   free of charge   be/feel free to do   set …free = release = free   for free ‎ ‎  freedom of speech   freedom from care   the freedom to do ‎ sth. 318. Cf. frozen food       freezing point       freezing cold 319. make friends with be friends with be friendly to in a friendly way 320. Cf. from then on  一般过去时       since then  现在完成时       from now on  一般将来时 321. fruit bowl 322. Cf. fuel      fume      flame      frame 323. It’s great fun doing Cf. fun   funny 324. furnish sp. with sth. (= equip, crowd, fill, line) a piece/article of furniture * Cf. in ‎ future in the future * No pains, no gains. * a close game  play a losing game 325. gather around sp. 326. have a talent/gift for 捐赠make a gift to the library  (不可用present) * a gold ring     a gold fish      a gold medal  golden hair     the golden rule about 327. It is no good/use dong Is it any good doing? Cf. The more you read, the more good it will do (to) you.       The more you read, the better it will be. 328. a university graduate graduate from a university = be graduated from a university the graduation ceremony 329. Cf. a grammar book/school       a grammatical rule/error * grasp  vt. grasp the boy by the collar           grasp the main ‎ idea         n. take a firm grasp on the rope           have a thorough grasp of the issue = understanding 330. express one’s gratitude to sb. for sth. out of gratitude * grave  adj. 严肃的in a grave voice     a grave situation             重大的a grave problem/decision   gravity  n. the gravity of the situation/problem             the force of gravity        the centre of gravity *be greedy of/for sth.  be greedy to do 331. greetings = regards= wishes= compliments give/send/offer/extend my greetings to sb. * grief  n. U  be in deep grief     die of grief          C  a grief to the family * group  vt. 聚集  group the students to take a picture            分组；归类 group the books into three ‎ fields         vi. 聚集  group around the teacher = gather around         n. group singing/discussion/therapy 332. a growing population    enjoy a growing popularity in the growth of the growth rate 333. on guard 334. guess right/wrong 335. the guest team     VS     the host team 336. under the guidance of TV guide    a tourist guide * have a guilty conscience     VS   have a clear conscience  be guilty of      VS     be innocent of 337. Cf. habit    develop/form/build up/cultivate/get into a habit                have/be in the habit of doing                get rid of/get out of/break away from a habit                break sb. of a ‎ habit                make it a habit to do                out of habit  (out of gratitude/out of curiosity)       hobby    take up/go in for/pursue a hobby 338. one and a half years = a year and a half cut it in half = cut it in halves half the amount = half as much as sth.    give up halfway 339. give/lend sb. a hand with sth. be written by hand     by written with the left hand be short of hands hand in hand on the other hand shake hands with from mouth to hand * handle the food          handle the vase with care handle the problem = deal with 340. hang (hanged, hanged) vt. hang(hung,hung)‎ ‎   vt.  The picture was hung on the wall by Mary just now. vi. On the wall hangs a picture. On the wall is hanging a picture. There is a picture hanging on the wall. 341. happen  vi. Cf. happen                  take place                  occur   Rain seldom occurs in this area.                         Two misprints occur on this page.            sb. happen to do            It (so) happen that… 342. be good/bad/cruel/kind…to sb. be hard on sb. be strict with sb. *  hardly/scarcely/seldom/barely….when… no sooner…than… 343. a hardworking child = a diligent child succeed through hard work succeed by working hard 344. have sb./sth.‎ ‎ do have sb./sth. doing have sb./sth. done have sb./sth. to do 345. head  vt.  head the Party/the crowd/the list              head the boat out to sea/head the boat for the shore          vi. head for the school = make for the school = go in the direction of the school             head home 346. heap  n. a heap of clothes on the floor / a heap of rubbish            a heap of difficulties = many          vt. heap these bricks up          vi. 347. I won’t hear of that. = I don’t allow that. Cf. hear sb. /sth.    hear of/about    hear from sb. 348. have heart trouble/disease die of a heart attack/die of heart ‎ failure lose heart (不是lose one’s heart) * the heavens = the sky      VS     the earth * a heavy blow/rain/drinker/smoker   traffic is busy/heavy is here.   heavy damage/loss/responsibility/punishment   with a heavy heart   VS    with a light heart 349. hesitate about/over sth. hesitate to do without (a moment’s) hesitation 350. hide sth. from sb. = conceal/keep back sth. from sb. be hidden from view a hiding place * Cf. adv.  jump high               think/speak highly of          go deep into the sea        be deeply moved          come closer to me         be closely related / be closely examined * Cf. hire a boat/bike by the hour   hire an employee/five more hands  =‎ ‎ employ       rent a house  borrow a bike (for free) * Cf. a historic event/site/spot/battle/building  a historical novel/background/ historical research/studies  a history teacher/lesson/book/test  a case history  Cf.  Chinese history     the history of China      American literature   the literature of America      the English language 351. hold  vt.  hold sth. in her hands              hold yourself still/ hold the door open for me              hold 800 people = seat              hold a large estate/an important post/a title              hold one’s breath/anger              hold a meeting              hold strange ‎ ideas 352. on holiday/vocation 353. honor  n. U  win honor for                show honor to sb. = show respect for sb.    show an appreciation of sth.)                in honor of   (in memory of)                do sb. the honor of doing                have the honor of doing/to do             C She is an honor to our school.               It’s an honor to do             pl. graduate with top honors     honorable  adj. respectable 354. Cf. hook       hoop 355. hope  n. There is no hope/chance/possibility of sth./doing sth. There is no hope/chance/possibility that…   hope  vi.  I hope so.               I hope not.             I fear so.                I fear not.             I guess so.               I guess not.             I am afraid so.            I am afraid not.‎ ‎            I say so.                 I don’t say so.‎ ‎           I think/believe….so.        I don’t think/believe…so.                                    I think/believe…not. 356. Cf. house      household  n. 一家人               adj. household appliances/chores/accounts       home       family   家庭; 家人 * 人类  man, mankind, (humanity)        humans, human beings  humanity  n. U 人性; 人类 357. hunt tigers/hunt big game hunt for a job = look for = search for = be after 358. identify the flower/the dead body identify sb./sth. as your own an unidentified body/an unidentified flying object make a fingerprint identification ID card = identification card = identity card 359. an ignorant fellow   VS   learned,‎ ‎ knowledgeable be ignorant of Cf. ignore   ignore the traffic rules/my advice    neglect   neglect one’s duties/health/family/ one’s meals and sleep             neglect to do = neglect doing    overlook   (由于粗心)忽略 overlook a spelling mistake              原谅 overlook my fault              俯瞰 overlook the whole city              监视;监管 overlook many employees 360. Cf. ill       Sick 361. Cf. illustrate the theory with a picture/many examples       explain sth. to sb.    illustration  n. give an illustration of sth. by way of illustration                 a book full of illustrations * image  n.  improve one’s image            Her image remains fresh in my mind.            have a false image of China =‎ ‎ idea  Cf. image   n. imagine  vt. imagine sth./doing /one’s doing  Cf. imaginable    every imaginable means = every means imaginable imaginary imaginative   an imaginative story/writer  have a vivid/active imagination  beyond imaginable 362. immediate  adj. 立即  an immediate answer/take immediate action/ have an immediate effect                   直接 = direct   an immediate cause/leader                   贴近  the immediate future 363. be patient of sth. be patient with sb. 364. Cf. personal       private       individual  adj.                 n. 365. Cf. It’s (im)possible for sb. to do       It’s (im)possible ‎ that…           adj. find it possible to do the best possible performance = the best performance possible a possible accident              if possible              as…as possible       It’s highly (im)probable that…            adj. a probable candidate for minister       It’s (un)likely that…       Sb. is (un)likely to do       There is (un)likely to be…            adj. a likely result       adv. He will very/most/quite likely pass the exam. 366. Vt. impress sb. (well/deeply/favorably/badly…) impress sb. with sth.             as sth. (sb) be impressed by/with/at sth./sb. n. give sb. an impression   leave/make an impression on sb.   What were your first impressions of ‎ SH? 367. improve  vt./vi.   Cf. improve                             increase                       advance                       develop    As her health improves = With her health improving = With her improving health    Improvement  n. make improvements in                   an improvement on/of/over sth.                   room for improvement 368. Cf  income         salary         wages 369. Cf. indicate  表示;指出  indicate the need of practice                          indicate interest/one’s feelings                象征;预示  indicate illness                标示  indicate the way to the park                      indicate the time left                      indicate my blood type 370. inform sb. of/about sth.               remind sb.‎ ‎ of                                      accuse sb. of                                      rob sb. of                                      assure sb. of    keep sb./oneself well-informed of inform sb. to do inform sb. that… give/offer/provide information on/about sth. collect/gather information an informative book/person * inherit sth. from sb.    VS    leave sth. to sb. * in ink = with a pen * Cf. insist that +  虚拟   “坚持要去做”             suggest that + 虚拟   “建议要去做”  insist that +  真实   “坚持认为”               suggest that + 真实  “表明;暗示”   Cf. insist on  坚持认为要去做      stick to  坚持原则   stick to one’s promise/principle/idea/viewpoint              坚守岗位  stick to one’s post              忠诚  stick to one’s friends      persist in ‎ ‎ 固执己见;刚愎自用      persevere in/at/with one’s work/studies  (工作/学习)坚持不懈 * Cf. initial  首字母  an initial letter            最初的  the initial stage         the initial symptoms of the disease      original 原本的 the original plan    the original inhabitants             原版的 the original edition/story      former      previous (primary  elementary) * inspire sb. to do * instant coffee/noodle  the instant/the moment = as soon as * intend to do  intended to have done = had intended to do             (was to have done/would like to have done/would rather have done         hoped/wished/meant/planned/wanted to have done = had hoped/meant… to ‎ do) intend sb. to do have an intention to do = have an intention of doing 371. interest sb. in sth. arouse/cultivate/lose interest in sth. have/take/show an interest in sth. topics of common interest = interesting topics with interest an interested reader          an interesting book 372. at intervals of 20 minutes/miles = at 20-minute/20-mile intervals 373. introduce sb. to sb. introduce sth. to/into Shanghai 374. perform well at the job interview interview sb. about sth. 375. invest (all his savings) in stocks make an investment of $100,000 in a certain business 376. be (in)visible to sb. 377. Cf. inviting    the inviting smell of the ‎ dishes       attractive       charming 378. a (ir)regular route/meeting/customer/visitor regular hours/habits the regular army regular teeth/features 379. issue  vt. 发行issue stamps/coins/stocks             出版issue the magazine weekly             发布figures/the statement issued by the government = released          n .(有争议)问题 a political/economic issue        the Taiwan issue            一期the latest issue of the magazine            发行an issue of licences/stocks 380. Cf. item      I love the last item of/on the program.       program       performance    the night permance                     give two performances every ‎ day                     the performance of the machine/interviewee 381. jam  vt.塞进jam my clothes into the suitcase = squeeze vi. 挤进jam into/onto a crowded bus = squeeze      Cf. squeeze  vt./vi. 挤进;塞进 = jam                 Vt. 拧;挤;榨squeeze out my wet clothes/a lemon                  Vt. 榨取squeeze the juice out of, /from a lemon          n. be caught in/get stuck in a traffic jam 382. Cf.  jewel   C          machine       poem      appliance          jewelry  U         machinery      poetry    equipment 383. join  vt. join the club/the army            join them in the game            join in the game/activity = take an active part in = participate in            be joined to/with = be connected ‎ to/with                 Cf. combine/relate/associate...    joint  adj. a joint venture     our joint property     our joint efforts          n.关节 * Cf. be jealous of 妒忌 envy 羡慕 384. Cf. journey  n. make/go on a journey to SH                  a 40-minutes journey on the way               vi. be ready to journey to the ends of the world       trip   n . make/go on a trip to SH               go on a fishing trip               make a trip from home to office every day       tour  n. make a tour of/around China/the world              make a lecture tour/concert tour              make a tour of the factory/my new hourse       travel  U  like travel very ‎ much              pl. come back from her travels abroad                 read and write travels       voyage 385. Judging from/by… 386. junior/senior/superior/inferior to 387. jump the fence = jump over the fence high jump     long jump 388. be keen on sth. = be crazy about sth. be keen to do = be anxious/eager to do be keen that…(should) do have keen sight/hearing/observation = sharp * 单复数: this kind of tree     this kind of trees     trees of this kind   kind of + adj. = a bit; a little 389. have a knack for/of doing sth. 390. knock on/at the door knock down an old man  Cf. run over 391. There is no knowing… Cf. know    know ‎ of/about a knowledge of first aid acquire/get/obtain/gain knowledge 392. lack sth. = be short of sth. = be lacking in sth. The/A lack of water … for/through lack of * Cf. lane   fast/slow lane            No. 123, Lane 345 road way   go/come/run all the way to SH route  take the cheapest/shortest route path avenue 393. last (for) 2 hours = go on = run Cf.  the last (one) to leave the room   主动用不定式做定语 the last thing done      被动用过去分词做定语    He is the last person I want to see. 394. Cf. late  adj. 迟到be late for the meeting   be late by 5 minutes   be late with one’s work                (时间上)晚的  VS  ‎ ‎ early in the late afternoon/in the late 20th century in late spring/in her late 20s                   adv. come to school late        later  adj. 较晚的   VS  earlier                 in one’s later life       his later works                    in later years          take a later train home              adv. later on       latter  adj./n.  the latter    VS    the former       lately   adv. = recently       latest  adj. the latest comer                 the latest news/fashion             adv. come to school the latest 395. launch  vt. launch a rocket/ a submarine/ a ship              launch a campaign/a project/a venture = start            n. the launch of a rocket/ship 396. keep/maintain law and order 397. lead  vt. lead us into/out of ‎ /across…            lead us to the station/ to a conclusion/to a clear understanding            lead you to do it again/to believe it            lead the precession/ lead his class in English          vi. lead to     The road leads to SH.                       = bring about = cause = give rise to = result in 398. vt. leak the news to him = give away = let out vi. (water/gas/electricity) leak n. smell a gas leak        stop a leak in the roof * lean on/against the wall * leave sb./sth.  alone/open               crying               closed/untouched/unfinished               on the spot  leave sth. behind  leave for  ask for leave *give/deliver a lecture on        make a ‎ speech  attend a lecture= go to a lecture (不能用join in) 399. be 30 meters long = be 30 meters in length along a 30-meter length *Cf.课  give sb. a  lesson       have a lesson    教训teach sb. a lesson        learn/draw a lesson from 400. 更不用说let alone = not to mention = still more of (上文肯定)= still less of(上文否定) let sb. do       be let do be to let    (be to blame) 401. level  n. a high level of ability/civilization             contail a high level of carbon dioxide 402. Cf. lie (lay, lain – lying)  vi.  躺                             位于 lie in/on/to = be located/situated in/on/to        lie (lied, lied – lying) vi. 撒谎                         n. tell a lie        lay (laid, laid – laying)  vt.‎ ‎ 放                               下蛋 403. life  C  性命  save their lives         C/U  生活;生命  a matter of life or death                       a form of life    no sign of life * lift  vt. (sth. heavy) too young to lift the bag                     too tired to lift my legs       Cf. raise the flag/one’s voice * light  n. cast/throw light on   vt. a lighted candle   adj. light rain/meal/music/reading/sleep/punishment 404. limit sth. to sth. = restrict sth. to sth. reach the limit of my patience set a limit to There is a limit to what I can do for you. a speed limit * line  n. wait in line         be in line with your idea = agree with       vi. line up       vt .line the students         Trees lined the river ‎ bank. * 活过而不死live through the night/this winter * load  vt. load the ship with bananas = load bananas onto the ship        vi. 装货; 上客        n. take a load off my mind  * long for sth.    long to do    Cf. long before       before long     Cf. no longer = not…any longer       no more = not…any more    a long-held dream    set a long-term/short-term goal    405. be at a loss for words be at a loss (as to) wh-从句 406. loud  adj.          adv.    Cf. adv.  aloud            loud/louder            loudly * lower one’s eyes/one’s voice/the rent/the flag   VS   raise ‎ * show loyalty to   be loyal to * Luckily, … = It’s lucky that… try one’s luck at * drive sb. mad 407. mail  n.U order by mail          vt. mail/post a letter to sb. 408. Cf. main  main idea              the main road/street/dish/character       major  a major subject              the major part of the work              重大;重要a major problem/writer/success/earthquake       chief       principal  adj. principal food/rivers                n. Cf. principle * the majority of the students are … *manage a firm/a house = run  I can manage = I can manage it. manage to do 409. Cf.‎ ‎ manner       manners   It’s(不是They are) good manners to do sth. 410. Cf. mark  记号   make a mark where you have questions                     the punctuation/quotation mark              分数 = grades       sign   符号  mathematical signs             招牌; 标志  a traffic sign       a “No smoking” sign   the sign of a store              手势  make a sign to us to be quiet     talk by signs              迹象  a sign of good weather/life       signal 信号  a danger/distress signal          a signal of emergency                   signal fire/flag       scene  景象(有人在)  terrible scene after the accident              现场 = spot   rush doctors to the scene    on the scene              (第几)场  Act I, Scene i              布景   behind the ‎ scene       scenery U 风景       view (某处所见)风景           视野  in/out of view   come into view  go out of view            观点   my view on sth     in my view           一看  be worth our view    my first view of SH       sight 景观 see the sights of SH            视野 = view            视力 have good/poor/long/far/short/near sight            看见  the sight of his mother                  at the sight of                  at first sight  第一眼就; 乍一看              catch sight of    lose sight of 411. marry  vt. Mike married Mary two years ago.              Mike married young.    married  adj. Mike got married two years ago.                Mike got married young.               Mike has been married to Mary for ‎ 2 years.               Mike is married to Mary.               Mike is married with 2 children.               Mike dislikes married life. 412. 一大块a mass of clouds/earth 许多a mass of things/information       masses of books/money 民众The masses are the makers of history. mass production        the mass media * master and servant     Cf.  host and guest  master a language = command a language = have a good command/mastery of a language. 413. It doesn’t matter to me wh-... = I don’t care. = I don’t mind. What matters to me/counts to me is… 414. Cf. mean to do       mean doing    Cf. meant to do       meant to have done/ had meant to do (sth) be meant for = designed/intended (sth) be meant to do =‎ ‎ designed/intended I mean what I say. What do you mean by… 415. 单复同: means, species, series, works(工厂;工事) by means of       in this way 416. Cf. vt. measure the table     (weigh) vi. The table measures 3 meters by 2.   (weigh)    Cf. take measures = take steps = take action * Cf. mechanic     mechanical *Cf. memorize recite remember 417. give sb. a message leave a message for sb. take a message 418. Cf. way   a way to do/of doing       method         a method of sth./doing sth       means      ‎ ‎ manner 419. Cf. mental       metal       medal       modern       model 420. a mild climate/punishment 421. mind  vt. Would you/Do you mind my doing…?                                  if I do…?             Mind your head/your steps. = look out for = watch for = be careful of           n. keep/bear sth. in mind             have sth. on one’s mind 担忧             make up one’s mind(s) to do 422. do/work/achieve/create miracles/wonders 423. missing = gone = (lost = stolen) 424. mistake A for B make a mistake about sth. by mistake 425. vt. 混合mix A and/with B 混淆mix A and B ‎ up vi A and B won’t mix adj. be mixed together 混淆be mixed up have mixed feelings about n. a mixture of feelings/ a mixture of happiness and sorrow a cough mixture * Cf. model  设计;样式 the model of the year (for a car/motorcycle/washing machine)             a model plane   a model house   a model student pattern  模式 follow the pattern of “the bigger, the better”              sentence patterns              the behaviour pattern of bees         图案 426. at the moment for the moment = for the time being at that moment the moment = the instant = as soon as 427. Cf. more than   只可加: more than 200‎ ‎ students                         more than my teacher                         more than happy       rather than    A rather than B 平衡       other than   除了            eg. Hard work rather than talents led to his success.               More hard work than talents led to his success.               You can’t succeed other than through hard work.    Cf. no more than        no taller than     no more intelligent than       not more than       not taller than     not more intelligent than (You can’t learn a language overnight any more than you can get fat after a single meal.) * the Rocky Mountains    Mount Tai * listen to music     listen to the radio * in the name of  以…的名义  Cf. be named be named after ‎ ‎ 428. Cf. nation        state        country        land 429. natural resources natural food    VS    synthetic food natural smile   VS   artificial smile It’s natural that…(should) do          for sb to do disturb/break/upset/keep/maintain the balance of nature the nature of in nature  本质上 by nature   生来 430. Cf. near   prep.              adj.  in the near future     a near relation                   不能说 a near city       nearby  adj. a nearby city= a city nearby = a city near my house = a city close to my house 431. There is a need for ‎ sth. There is no need to do    Cf. There is no point (in) doing sth.      It’s no use/good/useless doing be badly in need of sth. 432. note down sth = write down = put down make notes of sth. take notes notes to 433. have nothing/something to do with nothing of    Cf. something of nothing like   Cf. something like 434. notice sb./sth. do /doing/done Cf. take notice of  (take no/little/particular notice of)    notice Cf. notice    note give me a month’s notice at short notice wait for further notice be worthy of notice 435. object to sth. = oppose sth. = be ‎ opposed to sth. =be against sth. 436. observe sb. do observe the sky observe Chrismas observe the law/good manners be under observation 437. occupy the whole room = take up (sb.) be occupied with sth               in doing sth Is this seat occupied/taken/vacant/available? 438. Cf. be opened to the public/to traffic       be open to the public/to traffic be open to different opinions the opening ceremony 439. operate on sb . operate the computer the operating room    do/perform/conduct/carry out an operation on sb.    under operation 440. have a good/bad/high opinion of sb/sth 441. be oppressed ‎ by Where there is oppression, there is rebellion. 442. order  vt. order sth.             order sb to do             order that…(should) do           n. give orders that …(should) do                      for sb. to do             in the order of time     in alphabetical order             in order    out of order             place an order with a store for sth. orderly  adj.    VS   disorderly 443. Cf. origin   the origin of the river               the origin of life on earth/civilization/Jazz               He is white/noble by origin               words of Latin origin       source  the source of the river            the source of the information/money/trouble/SARS       resource 444. over the radio/phone over ‎ tea/coffee 445. owe sth. to sb. owing to * pack sth .in/into sp.   =  pack sp. with sth.  sp is packed with sb/sth 446. have a pain in one’s leg in great pain      cry with pain take pains to do = efforts No pains, no gains. Painful  adj. 447. be/run parallel to two parallel lines 448. pardon a fault = overlook= excuse = forgive 449. be particular about in particular Cf. particular    special       specific       peculiar  peculiar behaviour               be peculiar to = be unique to * a passenger train     VS    a goods train * be at peace    VS    be at ‎ war * be in a position to do  in position    VS   out of position * presence  n. one’s presence at    VS    one’s absence from             in the presence of  present  adj. be present at    VS   be absent from             everyone present             the present situation          vt. present sb. with sth. = present sth to sb.          n. a birthday present            the past, the present and the future  presently  adv. = now               = soon = before long 450. proceed  vi. proceed to Rome/the next question               proceed with sth else               proceed to do   Cf. process  n. in the process of      procedure  n. legal procedures                  the procedures for ‎ doing * v. Cf. prepare sth.        prepare for sth.     prepare sth. for sb. /sth.     prepare sb./oneself to do                   for sth.   adj. be well prepared for sth.                          to do   n. without preparation make preparations for sth /to do 451. propose a toast to your health propose sth.        to do = doing        that 452. promise sth. promise sb. sth. = promise sth to sb promise (sb) to do promise that keep/break one’s promise to do 453. a portion of the proportion of men to women is 4 to 3 454. be proud of = take pride in 455. Cf.‎ ‎ psychology       philosophy       physiology * in public     be open to the public * carry/publish/print an article/a feature   report the news 456. pump oil/air/water out of the well pump air into the flat tyre a stomache pump * pursue  vt. 追逐  pursue a thief = run after = chase = chase after             追求  pursue fame and pleasure = be after = seek (after)                  (Cf. 寻找 look for = search for = hunt for = seek (for))            继续;从事  pursue one’s studies                        pursue medicine = take up medicine 457. qualify  vt. qualify sb. for sth                        to do                        as            vi. qualify for                     to ‎ do                     as    qualified  adj. be highly/well qualified for/to do/as    qualifying  adj.  a qualifying match    qualification  n.  the qualifications needed for a job * form a queue     jump a queue * quote sb.    quote a line from * range  vi. range from…to…              eg. We have prices ranging from $ 1 to $ 1000. n. a mountain range = a range of mountains a wide range of interests/prices within/beyond my range of vision/hearing/knowledge  Cf. vary  vi. vary from person to person 458. Your letter reached me yesterday.  (不能用get to/arrive at) Cf. reach       &      reach for    shoot      &      shoot at 459. (sb) recall sth. = remember sth. (sb/sth) remind sb. of ‎ sth                to do sth                that… (sth.) bring back sth. (sth) call up sth. 460. Cf. relax    relax me/oneself    relax my muscles      relax my nerves             feel relaxed / a relaxed smile             relaxing music       refresh    a hot bath/a glass of drink/the breeze will refresh me from exhaustion.                refresh one’s memory             feel refreshed             a refreshing breeze/bath * regarding  prep. = concerning =in/with regard to = as to/for  regardless of sth = without considering sth    Cf. despite/in spite of/for all 461. relate  vt. relate his adventures to us              relate A to B    related  adj. be related to    relation  n. the relation between A and B =‎ ‎ relationship              (pl) business/human/public/economic relations              a near/distant relation = relative    relative  n. = relation3    relationship  n. = relation1 462. remark on sth. = comment on sth make remarks on = make comments on 463. resist the temptation/the police resist doing be resistant to cold weather show resistance to 464. make a resolution to do sth. carry out one’s New Year resolutions a person of resolution * Cf. rhythm   the rhythm of the music/heartbeat pace  一步  take 3 paces forward      步速  walk at a slow/fast pace           quicken our pace           keep pace with the times = keep up with the times tone 音色  the tone of the ‎ piano      口吻;语气  speak in a kindly tone                 the tone of the passage tune 调子;旋律  dance to the tune                in tune          out of tune * risk sth  risk doing sth.  take/run a risk  a risky venture * rob sb. of sth.       Cf.  steal sth. from sb./sp.  commit robbery * sale  n.  on sale      for sale  sales  n. Sales are up this month.       adj. sales manager/department/figures    after-sales service 465. satisfy  vt. satisfy one’s curiosity/hunger/thirst/a need/wish/requirement/the demand for sth. a satisfied smile a satisfying result far from satisfactory    less than satisfactory 466. score a ‎ goal/point 467. keep sth. a secret = keep sth. secret reveal/give away/let out a secret in secret = secretly 468. serve  v. serve the people             serve a purpose     serve the intended purpose            serve coffee hot/black            serve as            serve to do    service  n. be rewarded for his services to the country              the railway service              devote his life to the service of others 469. share sth. with sb.  share your opinion = agree to your opinion have a share in the profits    buy shares 470. be shy/timid of sth/doing sth. 471. smell sth. burning smell of milk/oil Cf. smell ‎ good    smell well 472. spare  adj. a spare tyre/room          vt. spare me a few minute     Cf. save me a few minutes             spare several students for other work            饶恕spare the criminal            spare no pains/efforts/expense to do            Spare the rod, spoil the child. 473. speech  n. C make a speech              U learn speech                the power of speech                by speech 474. sponsor = finance = fund = support by providing money 475. Cf. stable       steady * be up to the standard   VS   be below the standard   set a standard    meet a standard 476. stock sth in sp. = stock sp. with sth. (sp) be well stocked with sth.‎ ‎ a good/new/adequate/large stock of books in stock    VS    out of stock 477. Cf. still stand       stand still 478. be stranded in the mountains = be stuck in 479. strive for sth. strive to do 480. suffer  vt. suffer hunger and cold/ a heavy loss/ a drop in sales/pain/death           vi. suffer a lot/considerably/terribly              suffer from a disease/from overwork    suffering  n.    the suffering (人) 481. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth .to sb. supply and demand enjoy a good supply of water medical/office supplies * survive the air crash 482. be supposed to do = should do 483. surround sp. with sth. (sp) be surrounded by ‎    the surroundings are … 484. have/show/feel sympathy for sb./sth. out of sympathy 485. have/develop/cultivate a taste for 486. tend  vi.趋向 tend to/towards sth.                 tend to do          vt./vi照管  tend=tend to the patient = take care of =look after Cf. tendency  趋向  have a tendency to/towards sth.                               to do  trend  潮流  the latest trend              a new trend in English teaching  tide  潮汐 487. Cf. tense      feel tense   a tense boy   a tense expression                   a tense atmosphere        nervous    feel nervous   a nervous boy    a nervous expression                  the central nervous system 488. threaten sb./sth. threaten sb. with ‎ sth. threaten to do a threat to * ahead of time   VS   behind time ahead of the times   VS    behind the times in ancient/modern times   lose no time doing  give time to doing Cf. at one time       at a time   It’s time for sth.         to do         we started.         we should start. 489. Cf. tip   the tip of my finger/tongue       point  a turning point             the freezing/boiling point            to the point   VS   off the point           on/at the point of doing = be about to do 490. on tiptoe 491. Cf. be tired of       be tired ‎ from 492. Cf. tough   a tough steak               a tough job/task/game/guy       rough  a rough sea = a fierce sea   VS   a smooth sea          a rough surface * trace  n. leave no trace in the room        vt.  trace the animal = go after = run after            trace sth. back to = (sth) date back to 493. trap  n. a mouse trap            set a trap            fall into a trap         be caught in a trap         vt. be/get trapped in a tunnel            trap sb. into doing 494. trouble  n. get into trouble              have trouble with sb./sth.                         (in) doing sth.              take the trouble to do = go to the trouble to do 495. Cf. try to ‎ do       try doing    Cf. try sth.     try the new dishes                  try the case       try sth. on       try sth. out 496. up to the standard It’s up to you to do 497. upset  vt. upset the teapot             upset my stomach             upset my plan/the balance of nature 498. a room upstairs = an upstairs room 499. the very book/the exact book that I am looking for the very best = much the best = by far the best 500. The old man/The trees are full of vigor. vigorous men/plants Cf. energetic * vision  n. 视力= eyesight   have poor vision           远见a man with vision     have a vision    broaden one’s vision           幻想= dream; fantasy  sweet visions ‎ of little girls *  visit sb. = pay a visit to sb. = call on sb. = drop in on sb. visit sp. = pay a visit to sp. = call at sp = drop in at sp. visit with sb. = talk with sb 501. vivid colors/lessons a vivid performance/memory/description 502. wait for sb. = await sb. wait for sb. to do 503. in the way on one’s way to SH/becoming a star by the way by way of come/go/run all the way go out of the way to do in a way 504. take the wheel = sit behind the wheel at the wheel *  whisper sth in one’s ear 505. wild  wild flowers/animals/desert           be wild about sth          be wild with ‎ joy/anxiety          go wild 506. wonder  v. wonder wh;              wonder at sth. = be amazed at sth.            n. the seven wonders of the world              work/do/create wonders              No wonder (that) = It’s no wonder that… 507. word  n.C  in a word               word for word               have the last/final word             U Word came that…               He sent word/received word of…                                      that…             U keep/break one’s word * work  n.C  a work of art          U  in work     VS    out of work             at work     VS    off work        works(单复同)   a gas works    2 gas works  work  vi. work on sb.           work at sth.‎ ‎           work on sth           work sth out 508. vt.  sth .worry sb. vi.  sb worry about sth. adj.  sb. is worried about sth. 509. wrap a baby in a blanket = wrap a blanket around a baby cover a baby with a blanket 510. Cf. wreck    The ship was wrecked.       sink      The ship sank into the water.‎