高考英语易混淆词汇及短语必背

高考英语易混淆词汇及短语必背

高考英语易混淆词汇及短语（必背）‎ ‎1. clothes, cloth, clothing ‎　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 ‎ clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of ‎2. incident, accident ‎　incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.‎ ‎3. amount, number ‎　amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students ‎4. family, house, home ‎　home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.‎ ‎5. sound, voice, noise ‎　sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.‎ ‎6. photo, picture, drawing ‎　photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture.‎ ‎7. vocabulary, word ‎　vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.‎ ‎8. population, people ‎　population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.‎ ‎9. weather, climate ‎　weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.‎ ‎10. road, street, path, way ‎　road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 ‎　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.‎ ‎11. course, subject ‎　course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course ‎12. custom, habit ‎　custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. ‎ I've got the habit of drinking a lot.‎ ‎13. cause, reason ‎　cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，‎ reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late ‎14. exercise, exercises, practice ‎　exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.‎ ‎15. class, lesson ‎　作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5‎ ‎16. speech, talk, lecture ‎　speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，‎ lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…‎ ‎17. officer, official ‎　officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer ‎18. work, job ‎　二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job ‎19. couple, pair ‎　couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers ‎20. country, nation, state, land ‎　country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 ‎ The whole nation was sad at the news.‎ ‎21. cook, cooker ‎　cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.‎ ‎22. damage, damages ‎　damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages ‎23. police, policeman ‎　police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 ‎ The police are questioning everyone in the house.‎ ‎24. problem, question ‎　problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，‎ question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 ‎25. man, a man ‎　man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.‎ ‎26. chick, chicken ‎　二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.‎ ‎27. telegram, telegraph ‎　当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph ‎28. trip, journey, travel, voyage ‎　travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip ‎29. sport, game ‎　sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；‎ game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.‎ ‎30. price, prize ‎　price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. ‎ ‎31. a number of, the number of ‎　a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。‎ The number of students is increasing.‎ ‎32. in front of, in the front of ‎　in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.‎ ‎33. of the day, of a day ‎　of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day ‎34. three of us, the three of us ‎　three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.‎ ‎35. by bus, on the bus ‎　by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.‎ ‎36. for a moment, for the moment ‎　for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. ‎ ‎37. next year, the next year ‎　next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.‎ ‎38. more than a year, more than one year ‎　more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）‎ ‎39. take advice, take the(one's) advice ‎　take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.‎ ‎40. take air, take the air ‎　take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.‎ ‎41. in a word, in words ‎　in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.‎ ‎42. in place of, in the place of ‎　in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.‎ ‎43. in secret, in the secret ‎　in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 ‎ My mother was in the secret from the beginning.‎ ‎44. a girl, one girl ‎　a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?‎ ‎45. take a chair, take the chair ‎　take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会 ‎46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea ‎　go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea ‎47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher ‎　the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，‎ the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is ‎48. in office, in the office ‎　in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.‎ ‎49. in bed, on the bed ‎　in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.‎ ‎50. in charge of, in the charge of ‎　in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 ‎ He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.‎ ‎51. in class, in the class ‎　in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.‎ ‎52. on fire, on the fire ‎　on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.‎ ‎53. out of question, out of the question ‎　out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 ‎ ‎54. a second, the second ‎　a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.‎ ‎55. by day, by the day ‎　by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.‎ ‎56. the people, a people ‎　the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.‎ ‎57. it, one ‎　it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.‎ ‎58. that, this ‎　that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…‎ ‎59. none, nothing, no one ‎　none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 ‎　--- How many…/How much…? --- None.‎ ‎60. anyone, any one ‎　anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you ‎61. who, what ‎　who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.‎ ‎62. what, which ‎　what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?‎ ‎63. other, another ‎　other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student ‎64. not a little, not a bit ‎　not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。‎ ‎65. many, much, a lot of ‎　many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 ‎ I haven't many books.‎ ‎66. much more…than, many more…than ‎　much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful ‎67. no, not ‎　no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water ‎68. no more than, not more than ‎　no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过 ‎69. majority, most ‎　majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people ‎70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself ‎　by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，‎ ‎71. at all, after all ‎　at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.‎ ‎72. tall, high ‎　tall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.‎ ‎73. fast, quickly ‎　fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 ‎ run fast, answer the question quickly ‎74. high, highly ‎　high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of ‎75. healthy, healthful ‎　healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise ‎76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy ‎　sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 ‎ a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.‎ ‎77. gold, golden ‎　gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring ‎78. most, mostly ‎　most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly…‎ ‎79. just, very ‎　just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man ‎80. wide, broad ‎　wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders ‎81. real, true real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，‎ true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story ‎82. respectful, respectable ‎　　respectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged ‎ ‎83. outwards, outward ‎　　二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage ‎84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 ‎ a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.‎ ‎85. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 ‎ an understanding girl, an understandable mistake ‎86. close, closely ‎　　close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close ‎87. ill, sick ‎　　ill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy ‎88. good, well ‎　　good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.‎ ‎89. quiet, silent, still quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 ‎ He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。‎ ‎90. hard, hardly ‎　　hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.‎ ‎91. able, capable ‎ ‎　　able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing…‎ ‎92. almost, nearly ‎　　二者均为"几乎,差不多" 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody ‎ ‎93. late, lately ‎　　late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately.‎ ‎94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，‎ lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive ‎95. excited, exciting ‎　　excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.‎ ‎96. deep, deeply ‎　　deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep ‎97. aloud, loud ‎　　aloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)‎ ‎98. worth, worthy ‎　　二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done ‎ ‎　　It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.‎ ‎99. bad, badly ‎　　bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常" go bad I need the book badly. ‎ ‎100. before long, long before ‎　　before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long ‎101. quite, rather ‎　　quite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级 quite impossible ‎102. happy, glad ‎　　happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl ‎103. instead, instead of instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中 He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.‎ ‎104. too much, much too ‎　　too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy ‎105. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重打算，想法，‎ be to do侧重意志，计划，安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)‎ ‎106. raise, rise ‎　　raise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.‎ ‎107. bring, take, carry, fetch ‎　　bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk ‎108. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; ‎ pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱 ‎109. join, join in, take part in join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, ‎ take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.‎ ‎110. learn, study ‎　　learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 ‎ ‎　　study the problem ‎111. want, hope, wish want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现），‎ hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.‎ ‎112. discover, invent, find out discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明 ‎ At last he found out the truth.‎ ‎113. answer, reply ‎　　answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter ‎114. leave, leave for ‎　　leave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.‎ ‎115. rob, steal ‎　　rob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb. ‎ ‎116. shoot, shoot at ‎　　shoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.‎ ‎117. drop, fall ‎　　drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.‎ ‎118. search, search for ‎　　search后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.‎ ‎119. used to, be used to sth./doing sth, be used to do sth used to过去常常，be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. ‎ He is used to getting up early.‎ ‎120. win, lose, beat ‎　　win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them ‎121. live on, live by ‎　　live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing ‎122. beat, hit, strike ‎　　beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings ‎123. meet, meet with ‎　　meet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到 meet with an accident ‎124. lose, miss ‎　　lose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过sth. is missing, miss the chance ‎125. be tired of, be tired with/from ‎　　be tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters ‎126. care about, care for care about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意 ‎ He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.‎ ‎127. catch a cold, have a cold ‎　　catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以 ‎　　She has had a cold for a week.‎ ‎128. change for, change into ‎　　change for调换成，change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.‎ ‎129. continue, last 二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 ‎ The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.‎ ‎130. feed, raise ‎　　feed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)， raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family ‎161. at, in (表地点)‎ ‎　　at小地点，in大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai ‎162. at work, in work ‎　　at work在工作，在上班，in work 有职业，有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.‎ ‎163. increase to, increase by ‎　　increase to增长到…，increase by增长了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.‎ ‎164. at ease, with ease ‎　　at ease舒适地，安逸地；with ease容易地，无困难地 do it with ease ‎165. day after day, day by day ‎　　day after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day.‎ ‎166. like, as ‎　　like相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体 Don't treat me as a child. (In fact, I'm a child.)‎ ‎167. after, in (表时间)‎ ‎　　after接时间点，in接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes ‎168. between, among ‎　　between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间 ‎　　Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.‎ ‎169. after, behind (表位置)‎ ‎　　after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.‎ ‎170. since, for (完成时间状语)‎ ‎　　since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00‎ ‎171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner on the corner物体表面的角上，in the corner物体内部的角落里，‎ at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）on the corner of the table ‎172. warn sb. of, warn sb. against warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事 ‎ warn him against swimming in that part of the river ‎173. at peace, in peace ‎　　at peace平静地，in peace和平地 live in peace with one's neighbors ‎174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth on earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，‎ in the earth在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth ‎175. in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise in surprise惊奇地，to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是，by surprise使…惊慌 ‎ The question took the professor by surprise.‎ ‎176. in the air, on the air, in the sky ‎　　in the air正在酝酿中，on the air播送，广播，in the sky在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.‎ ‎177. in the field, on the field ‎　　in the field在野外，on the field在战场上 He lost his life on the field.‎ ‎178. in the market, on the market in the market表示场所或地点，在市场上，on the market出售 ‎ He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.‎ ‎179. in the sun, under the sun ‎　　in the sun在阳光下，under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun ‎180. in a voice, with one voice ‎　　in a voice出声地，with one voice异口同声地 They refused with one voice.‎ ‎181. through, across ‎　　through穿越空间，across在…上穿过 through the forest, across the desert ‎182. on the way, in the way ‎　　on the way在前往…的路上，in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.‎ ‎183. above, on, over ‎　　above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方 fly over the hill ‎184. until, not…until ‎　　until到…为止， not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）I waited until 3:00. He didn't come until 3:00. ‎ ‎185. besides, except, except for besides除了…还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），except for整体…除了某一点以外 ‎ The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.‎ ‎186. weather, if 当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用weather，当如果解时用 if I don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let you know.‎ ‎187. and, or ‎　　and并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I don't like apples or bananas.‎ ‎　　Hurry up and you'll catch the bus. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.‎ ‎188. because, since, as, for 原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for. ‎ 在句中的位置如下：1)…because… 2) Since/as…, … 3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didn't go.‎ ‎189. when, as, while (表时间)‎ when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，‎ while从句动词为持续性动词 While I slept, a thief broke in.‎ ‎190. the same…as, the same…that the same…as和…一样的（相似但不同一）， the same…that 同一物体 ‎ This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔)‎ ‎191. as well, as well as as well也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又；as well as并列连词，不但…而且… ‎ He is a professor, and a writer as well. ‎ ‎192. such…as, such…that such…as像…样的，such…that如此…以至于 ‎ He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.‎ ‎193. because, because of because连词，连接两句话，because of介词短语，后接词或短语 ‎ He didn't go to school because of his illness.‎ ‎194. in order that, in order to 表目的，in order that后接句子，in order to后接动词原形 ‎ I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. ‎ ‎195. for example, such as for example一般只列举一个，such as列举多个例子 ‎ I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.‎ ‎196. used to, would ‎　　表过去常常，和现在相对应用used to，不提现在用would I used to get up early, but now I don't.‎ ‎197. All right. That's all right. That's right.‎ All right. That's all right. 当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用 That's all right. That's right. 那是对的 ---Sorry. --- That's all right. ‎ ‎198. such…that, so…that 当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有 many, much, little, few修饰用so…that，不用such that so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy ‎199. so + be (have, can, do)+主语， neither(nor) + be (have, can, do)+ 主语 ‎　　也一样，肯定用so…否定用neither (nor) ---I can't play tennis. ---Nor can I.‎ ‎200. Shall I…? Will you…?‎ Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？ ‎ Will you…? 请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？Will you help me? Yes, I will.‎