2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

Great Scientists 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ They say if you love your job, you’ll never work a day in your life. We say if you travel for work, you’ll never have a boring commute(上下班往返) a day in your life. If the typical 9-to-5 isn’t working for you, here are some options that will pay you to travel. No matter your current skill set, you can probably do it somewhere else.‎ Represent abroad ‎ The State Department is actively hiring Foreign Service Officers, and it’s probably easier than you think to become one. You’ll have to a lot of tests, but if you pass, you’ll spend the next years of your life working around the world. A Junior Foreign Service Officer starts at $‎71,000 a year.‎ ‎ Teaching English as a Second Language abroad is one of the best ways to deepen understanding of another culture. There’s no need to be a certified English teacher in order to go abroad. In this program in China, soon-to-be teachers go abroad to obtain their Teaching English as a Foreign Language(TEFL) certifications. A beginning teacher in China will earn $2,500 for working six months, plus room and board.‎ ‎ A cruise ship is a floating village. Therefore, any job that you could have in a village you could have onboard a ship-even auctioneering(做拍卖师). Carnival is hiring an art auctioneer to work aboard a luxury cruise ship. The only qualifications necessary are a college degree and public speaking skills. Going…going…sold.‎ Write the rails ‎ Writers can reimagine themselves as rail-surfing Jack Kerouacs, crossing the country and writing from coast to coast on the Amtrak Writer’s Residency. The application process consists of two questions, as well as the opportunity to provide up to a 20-page writing sample. Amtrak will select 24 writers to participate in the program with the help from a panel of judges. Although the project won’t replace a full-time job, it’s really a fun opportunity. The application period for 2016 has closed, but applications will reopen in the fall.‎ 9‎ ‎1. Which job requires a college degree?‎ ‎ A. Representing abroad ‎ ‎ B. Teaching English in ‎China ‎ C. Selling art on the seas ‎ ‎ D. Writing the rails ‎2. The advertisement is intended for .‎ ‎ A. those who are tired of their present jobs ‎ B. those who want to have a job with traveling ‎ C. those who just graduate from university ‎ D. those who want to go on vacation abroad ‎3. What may Jack Kerouacs be?‎ ‎ A. Director of the Amtrak Writer’s Residency ‎ B. A sportsman devoted to rail-surfing ‎ C. An applicant of the program ‎ D. A famous writer ‎ 【语篇解读】这则广告是为那些想要在旅行中工作的人，推荐了一些职位。‎ ‎1. C【解析】细节理解题。由Carnival is hiring an art auctioneer to work aboard a luxury cruise ship. The only qualifications necessary are a college degree and public speaking skills. Going…going…sold.可知在海上卖 艺术品要求大学学历，选C。‎ ‎3. D【解析】细节理解题。由Writers can reimagine themselves as rail-surfing Jack Kerouacs, crossing the country and writing from coast to coast on the Amtrak Writer’s Residency.可知Jack Kerouacs可能是一位著名作家，选D。‎ 二、语法填空。‎ China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__ (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.‎ The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the 9‎ ‎ challenge of an aging population, according to a communiqué (公报)__3__ (issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.‎ The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.‎ China‎'s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__ (control) the rapid __6__ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.‎ The onechild policy was __10__ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。‎ ‎1．giving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与give up之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词ing形式作状语，故填giving。‎ ‎2．announced　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．issued　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communiqué之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。‎ ‎4．before　考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before “在……之前”。‎ ‎5．to control　考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎6．growth　考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。‎ ‎7．to　考查介词。limit ... to ... “限定……到……”是固定搭配。‎ ‎8．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。‎ ‎9．a　考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。‎ 9‎ ‎10．further　考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Though Dad looked tired and weak，his smile was as sure as ever.It was another __1__ of pneumonia(肺炎)．My husband and I stayed with him for the__2__ but had to return to our jobs by Monday morning.Local relatives would see that Dad was home from the hospital，and they would visit him __3__，prepare his meals and take him to his doctor appointments.But I __4__ to be able to let him know that we __5__ ，too，even when we weren't with him.‎ Then I remembered a family __6__ I started when our children were small.When leaving their grandparents' home after a visit，each child would __7__ a love note in the house for them to __8__ after we were gone.They hid notes somewhere.For days after our __9__ ，their grandparents would __10__ as they discovered these reminders of our love.‎ So as I __11__ Dad's rooms，I began writing notes.Some were __12__.“Dad，I put the milk in the fridge so it wouldn't __13__.”Some expressed my love.“Dad，I hope you sleep well in your new bed.”Most notes were __14__ where he would lived for several weeks until he regained __15__ ，but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow.“Dad，if you have found this note，you must be feeling better.We are so __16__ ！”‎ While others cared for Dad's daily __17__ ，we，of course，would stay in touch by phone.But our notes were a __18__ reminder of our love and concern for him during this recovery period.Just like his medicines improved him physically，these“__19__ vitamins”(维生素)would improve his spiritual health.Several weeks later，Dad phoned and said，“I'll tell you that I just found your __20__ under my upstairs pillow！”I smiled at last.‎ ‎1．A.experience B．attack C．disaster D．pain ‎2．A.weekday B．night C．weekend D．holiday ‎3．A.regularly B．rarely C．suddenly D．occasionally 9‎ ‎4．A.happened B．dreamed C．agreed D．longed ‎5．A.feared B．cared C．calmed D．regretted ‎6．A.hobby B．game C．tradition D．business ‎7．A.hide B．write C．copy D．leave ‎8．A.recall B．remember C．enjoy D．find ‎9．A.exchange B．departure C．arrival D．escape ‎10．A.weep B．sigh C．smile D．scream ‎11．A.tidied B．entered C．designed D．equipped ‎12．A.brief B．serious C．sincere D．practical ‎13．A.spill B．spoil C．boil D．freeze ‎14．A.upstairs B．downstairs C．outside D．indoors ‎15．A.sense B．wealth C．strength D．consciousness ‎16．A.glad B．fortunate C．anxious D．busy ‎17．A.exercises B．needs C．feelings D．sufferings ‎18．A.final B．visual C．smooth D．concrete ‎19．A.emotional B．expensive C．effective D．excellent ‎20．A.gift B．love C．note D．letter 9‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。父亲得了肺炎后，作者夫妻俩由于工作日要工作，不能照顾父亲，心中感到非常难过。这时作者想起了家庭的传统，于是便带着孩子一起在父亲家里藏各种各样的表达爱的纸条，帮助父亲一起从疾病中康复过来。‎ ‎1．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指父亲第二次肺炎发作。A项意为“经历”；B项意为“发作，侵袭”； C项意为“灾难”；D项意为“疼痛”。故选B项。‎ ‎2．C　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“but had to return to our jobs by Monday morning”可知，此处指“我”和丈夫周末陪父亲。A项意为“工作日”；B项意为“晚上”；C项意为“周末”；D项意为“假期”。故选C项。‎ ‎3．A　考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“prepare his meals and take him to his doctor appointments”并结合四个选项可知，此处指亲戚们定期地去家里看望父亲，给他准备吃的，带他去看医生。A项意为“定期地，有规律地”；B项意为“很少”；C项意为“突然”；D项意为“偶尔”。故选A项。‎ ‎4．D　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“我”渴望让父亲知道“我们”也关心他，甚至在“我们”不在他身边的时候。A项意为“发生”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“渴望”。故选D项。‎ ‎5．B　考查动词辨析。上文提到亲戚们会定期去家里看望父亲，照顾他，此处承接上文，指“我”渴望让父亲知道“我们”也关心他。A项意为“害怕”；B项意为“关心，关怀”；C项意为“使镇静”；D项意为“后悔，遗憾”。故选B项。‎ ‎6．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处指一个家庭的传统。A项意为“爱好”；B项意为“游戏”；C项意为“传统”；D项意为“生意”。故选C项。‎ ‎7．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文“They hid notes somewhere.”可知，此处指每个孩子在屋子都会藏一张爱的纸条。A项意为“藏，隐蔽”； B项意为“写”；C项意为“复制，抄写”；D项意为“离开”。故选A项。‎ ‎8．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“their grandparents would ________ as they discovered these reminders of our love”可知，此处指当“我们”离开后，“我”的父母会找到这些爱的纸条。A项意为“回忆”；B项意为“记得”；C项意为“喜欢，享受”；D项意为“找到，发现”。故选D项。‎ ‎9．B　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“after we were gone”可知，此处指当我们离开后的几天里。A项意为“交换”；B项意为“离开”；C项意为“到达”；D项意为“逃跑”。故选B项。‎ ‎10．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“as they discovered these reminders of our love”可知，此处指当他们找到这些爱的纸条后，会露出笑容。A项意为“哭泣”；B项意为“叹气”；C项意为“微笑”；D项意为“尖叫”。故选C项。‎ 9‎ ‎11．A　考查动词辨析。根据语境并结合四个选项可知，“我”整理父亲的房间时，开始写纸条。A项意为“整理，使整洁”；B项意为“进入”；C项意为“设计”；D项意为“装备”。故选A项。‎ ‎12．D　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“Dad, I put the milk in the fridge so it wouldn't ________.”可知，一些纸条的内容是实用的。A项意为“简洁的”； B项意为“严肃的，严重的”；C项意为“真诚的”；D项意为“实际的，真实的”。故选D项。‎ ‎13．B　考查动词辨析。根据常识和语境可知，此处指把牛奶放在冰箱里，这样它就不会变质了。A项意为“溢出，泼出”；B项意为“变质，变坏，腐败”；C项意为“烧开，煮沸”；D项意为“冷藏”。故选B项。‎ ‎14．B　考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow”可知，此处指“我”把大多数纸条放在了楼下。A项意为“楼上”；B项意为“在楼下”；C项意为“在外面”；D项意为“在室内”。故选B项。‎ ‎15．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“Dad, if you have found this note，you must be feeling better.”可知，父亲会在楼下待几周直到他体力恢复。A项意为“感觉”；B项意为“财富”；C项意为“体力，力气”；D项意为“知觉”。故选C项。‎ ‎16．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上下文和常识可知，当得知父亲身体恢复健康后，“我们”都非常高兴。A项意为“高兴的”；B项意为“幸运的”；C项意为“焦急的”；D项意为“忙碌的”。故选A项。‎ ‎17．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“we, of course, would stay in touch by phone”可知，其他人来照顾父亲的日常需要。A项意为“练习”；B项意为“需要”；C项意为“感觉”；D项意为“痛苦，苦难”。故选B项。‎ ‎18．D　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“reminder of our love and concern for him during this recovery period”可知，这些纸条是我们对父亲的爱的具体表达。A项意为“最终的”；B项意为“视觉的”；C项意为“光滑的”； D项意为“具体的，确实的”。故选D项。‎ ‎19．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“would improve his spiritual health”可知，这些情感的维生素改善了父亲的精神状态。A项意为“情感的，情绪的”；B项意为“昂贵的”；C项意为“有效的”；D项意为“卓越的”。故选A项。‎ ‎20．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow”可知，此处指父亲告诉“我”，他找到了“我”藏在楼上的纸条。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“爱”；C项意为“便条，短笺”；D项意为“信”。故选C项。‎ 长难句分析：When leaving their grandparents' home after a visit，each child would hide a love note in the house for them to find after we were gone.(第二段第二句)‎ 分析：When引导时间状语从句，此处省略主语each child和be动词；after引导时间状语从句。‎ 9‎ 译文：当每一个孩子拜访他们的祖父母之后要离开的时候，他们都会在房子里藏一张充满爱的纸条让祖父母在他们走后寻找。‎ 四、短文改错。‎ One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was!‎ Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.‎ 答案：‎ One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was!‎ Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.‎ 难项分析：‎ 第二处：his→the　考查冠词。动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位为固定用法，此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部”。‎ 第四处：Dropped→Dropping　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语he与分词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ 第九处：other→others　考查代词。other为形容词“其他的”；others为代词，指代“其他人”。‎ 五、七选五 9‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 9‎