高考专题之介词考点梳理

高考专题之介词考点梳理

高考专题之介词考点梳理 一、方位介词 ‎ 1. 图解方位介词 ‎ ‎ Be careful. There is a heavy box over your head. 小心，你头上方有个很重的箱子。‎ The sun is above the mountain in the east. 太阳就在东方那座山的上方。‎ There are some stamps on the desk. 桌子上有一些邮票。‎ The position he pointed to was below the sea level. 他所指的那个位置低于海平面。‎ The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it.‎ ‎ 那只小老鼠在桌子底下，因此很不容易找到它。‎ The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts, over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东越过沙漠，跨过高山，穿过深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直抵大海。‎ ‎ The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square.一群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。‎ ‎ It's quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.‎ 我难以想象为什么能允许这样的事情发生。‎ ‎【题组训练】 完成句子：‎ ‎①The sunlight came in （穿过）the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.‎ ‎ ②The bicycle is （不能）repair.‎ ‎ ③He hit his head （对着）the wall and hurt himself.‎ ‎①through ②beyond ③against ‎ ‎ 2. at ,in．on ‎ 三个词均可和表示地点的词连刖，表示“在……处”。at用于指较小的地方，如在门牌号码前；in用于 指较大的她方；on 一般指与面或线接触的地方如：‎ ‎ We'll meet. each other at the park 我们将在公园见面。‎ ‎ Mr. White has lived in Hong Kong for 20 years. 怀特先生在香港生活了20年。‎ ‎ The flood advanced on the village. 洪水向村庄冲来。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. in, on，to在方位名词前的区别 ‎ 三个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻”、 “接壤”。如：‎ ‎ Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China．（在某范围之内）山东省在／位于中国东部。‎ ‎ Zhejiang is/lies to the southeast of Hebei Province.（在某范围之外）‎ ‎ 浙江在/位于河北省东南边。‎ ‎ Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.（接壤） 蒙古在／位于中国北边。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】用介词in，to填空：‎ ‎ ④Japan is/lies the east of China.‎ ‎ ⑤Beijing lies the north of China.‎ ‎ ④to ⑤in ‎ ‎ 4.among，between ‎ 二词均表示“在……中间”或“在……之间”。among指在三者或三者以上之间，而between表示在二者 之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语，但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间 的相互关系。如：‎ ‎ We'll visit the town among the mountains. 我们将参观那个群山环绕的镇子。‎ ‎ This secret is only between you and me. 这个秘密只限于你我知道。‎ Near the cemetery between the trees, there is something that shines. ‎ 在墓地附近，树中间，有闪闪发亮的东西。‎ ‎ He divided his money between John and his nephew. 他把他的钱分绐了约翰和他的侄子。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 用介词between，among填空：‎ ‎ ⑥The town lies the mountains.‎ ‎ ⑦Switzerland lies France, Germany, Austria and Italy.‎ ‎ ⑥among ⑦between ‎ ‎ 5. from,out of ‎ 二同均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为“从……”；out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从……里出来”。 如：‎ The shouting of the soldiers' drilling could be heard from the playground. ‎ 人们可以听到从操场上传来的士 兵们操练的声音。‎ She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. ‎ 她从手提包里拿出了护照让那名警察看了看。‎ ‎ We are moving out of our flat. 我们要搬出我们的这所公寓楼。‎ ‎ The train from London arrives here at nine o'clock. 从伦敦开来的列车9点到这里。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 用介词from，out of填空：‎ ‎ ⑧The young student is Tibet.‎ ‎ ⑨When we were listening to che news,a man rushed the room.‎ ‎ ⑧from ⑨out of ‎ ‎ 6. in ,on ‎ 二词均可表示“在……上”，描写两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触，而in侧重于接触的深度。 英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时，用in。而打击头、 额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时，用on。表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等“在树上”，用 on the tree，但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”，用in the tree，意指被枝叶遮掩其中。如：‎ ‎ We found a square hole in the wall. 我们发现在墙上有个方洞。‎ ‎ The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.‎ ‎ 老师轻轻拍着那个男孩子的头并且安慰他。‎ ‎ There are lots of apples on the tree. 树上有很多苹果。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】用介词in，on填空：‎ ‎ ⑩There is a map of the world____the wall.‎ ‎ Birds are singing____the tree.‎ ‎⑩on in ‎ 二、时间介词 ‎ 1. at ,in．on ‎ (l)at的用法 ‎ ①表示时间的一点，时刻等，如：at 12：00，at noon，at night，at midnight ,at dawn, at daybreak ‎ ②表示较短暂的一段时间，可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子，如：at Christmas ‎ (2)in的用法 ‎ ①表示在某个较长的时间内（如：世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等），如：in the 1980s， in Qing Dynasty，in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening ‎ 说明：当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，ever等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。‎ ‎ ②表示在一段时间之后，如：‎ ‎ I'll be back in an hour. 我一小时后回来。‎ ‎ (3) on的用法 ‎ ①用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间，如：某日、某节日、星期几等，如：on October the first，on National Day，on Monday ‎ ②用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，如：on the eve of victory（胜利前夕），on the morning of January the third，on the afternoon of his arrival.‎ ‎ ③准时，按时：on time ‎ 【题组训练】 翻译下列词组：‎ 在星期天上午 ‎ 在三月初 ‎ 在儿童节 ‎ ‎ 在19世纪20年代 ‎ ‎ on Sunday mornings at the beginning of March on Children's Day in the 1820s/1820's ‎ 2. in,after ‎ in表时间，常表示“在……时间之内”，有时in还有“在……时间之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具 备两个条件：①所修饰的动词必须表将来；②后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after 或later。‎ ‎ after表时间，意为“在……之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用；“after+时间点”与将来时连用。 如：‎ ‎ My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在3天以后同来。‎ ‎ My father will be back after 3 o'clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。‎ ‎ My father came back after 3 days/3 days later. 我父亲3天后回来的：‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 用in，after，later填空：‎ ‎ It will be finished an hour.‎ ‎ He returned a few days.‎ ‎ They finished their lessons at four and a little while they went out to take a walk.‎ ‎ in after later ‎ ‎ 3. for ,from, since ‎ for后接表时间段的名词词组，表示行为或状态持续了多久；from后接表时间点的名词（词组），表示 行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短；since后接表时间点的名词词组，不仅表示行为或 状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻，因而常与延续性动词的现在 完成时连用。如：‎ Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.‎ 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年了。‎ ‎ My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five. 我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。‎ ‎ Tom has been doing his homework since 7o'clock. 汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】用for，from，since填空：‎ ‎ then on she knew she would win.‎ ‎ I lost my money and I have been worried ever then.‎ The meeting lasted 3 hours yesterday.‎ ‎ From since for 三、工具、手段、方式介词 ‎ 1. by，in，on ‎ 三个词都表示旅行的方式。‎ ‎ (1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea,by water,by land,by air等。‎ ‎ (2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词须用单数，其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如：by bike，by taxi， by plane，by ship/boat ,by train, by spaceship等。‎ ‎ (3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰 语。如：travel to New York in this plane,leave on an early train,go to school on my bike等。‎ ‎ 说明：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如：on foot，on horseback/on a horse，on the camel。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】句型转换（每空一词）：‎ ‎ He went to Beijing by car.‎ ‎ He went to Beijing .‎ ‎ I prefer to travel by ship.‎ ‎ I prefer to travel . ‎ ‎ in his/a car by water/sea ‎ 2. with，by，in 三个词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。‎ ‎ (1) with用于有形的工具或某些身体器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如：‎ ‎ They are digging with a pick/spade．他们正在用一把镐／铲挖。‎ ‎ We see with our eyes,hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，并用腿走。‎ ‎ (2) by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如：by hand,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。‎ ‎ 说明：①使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示，如：in English/Japanese;in blue ink ②表达“用……方法 ／方式”时，所用介词分别为：‎ ‎ in this/that/the same way by means of by this/that means with this/that method ‎ 【题组训练】用by,over,in,on填空：‎ ‎ This form is to be filled in ink.‎ ‎ This toy is not machine-made.lt is made hand.‎ ‎ In the morning I usually listen to the news the radio.‎ in by over/on 表原因的介词短语 ‎ 意义 例句 because of ‎ “因为，由于”通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。‎ The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because of 'the heavy rain.‎ 由于下大雨，这次运动会将推迟到下周六。‎ due to ‎“由于，因为”，通常作表语。‎ His illness was due to smoking and drinking.‎ 他的病是由于抽烟和喝酒。‎ thanks to ‎ ‎“幸亏，多亏”，既可用于褒义，又可用于贬义，多用于句首。‎ Thanks to the Party's good policy, the farmers are now living a happy and rich life. 多亏有了党的好政策，农民们现在过着既幸福又富有的生活。‎ ‎【题组训练】用because of.due to,thanks to填空：‎ ‎ I came back late the rain.‎ ‎ His absence is the heavy rain.‎ ‎ The company has had a successful year, the manager.‎ because of due to thank to 四、 常考易混介词 ‎1. for与of后接不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 ‎ (l) It is +adj.+of sb. to do sth.=Sb.+be+ adj.+to do sth.‎ ‎ 当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用of。常见的形容词有：kind，good，nice，clever，stupid， foolish，considerate，polite，impolite，cruel等。如：‎ It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students.‎ ‎= The teachers are kind to help support the poor students.‎ ‎ 这些老师们帮助支持那些贫困学生，他们真是太好了。‎ ‎ (2) It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.‎ ‎ 当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有：important. necessary, possible ,impossible等。 如：‎ ‎ It is quite important for us to protect our environment. 保护环境对我们来说相当重要。‎ ‎【题组训练】用for或of填空：‎ ‎ ①It is very considerate you to remind me.‎ ‎ ②It is necessary the students to know some learning ‎③It is possible him to come here soon.‎ ‎①of ②for ③for ‎ ‎ 2. on与in表示处于某种状态 ‎ on用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如：on business出差；on a visit在访问；on strike在罢工；on sale在出售；on show在上映；on watch在站岗／放哨；on fire在着火；on vacation/holiday在度假。‎ in多用于表示静态状况，如安全、危险、健康，涉及人的情绪等。如：in trouble陷入困境；in danger处于危险中；in order有序，有条理；in surprise惊讶地；in silence沉默地；in high/low spirits情绪高涨／低落。‎ ‎【题组训练】用介词on或in填空：‎ ‎ ④The patient's life is danger.‎ ‎ ⑤The guard is watch now.‎ ‎ ⑥The house is fire.‎ ‎ ④in ⑤on ⑥on ‎ ‎3.besides ,except, but, other than, except for的区别 ‎ (1) 用于否定句时，besides，except与but可相互替换。如：‎ ‎ No other students passed the difficult maths exam except／besides/ but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.‎ ‎ 除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。‎ ‎ (2) 用于肯定句时的区别 ‎ ①except意为：not including除……之外（不再有）。如：‎ ‎ We all passed the exam except Tom. 除汤姆没及格外，我们都及格了。（汤姆没及格）‎ ‎ ②besides意为：in addition to除……之外（还有）。如：‎ ‎ We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了。(汤姆也及格了)‎ ‎ 说明：besides在句中的位置较灵活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而except多放在句中。此外，except 前几乎总有all，any，every，no及其复合词等，而besides前可用也可不用，依句意而定。如：‎ ‎ He answered all the questions except the last one.‎ ‎ 除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。‎ ‎ I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。‎ ‎ All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，他们去年夏天也都去了北京。‎ ‎ ③except for表示“除了（因为）……”之意，表示除去整体中的一部分，它所并叙述的事实或细节部 分用来修正句子的主要意思。如：‎ ‎ The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇文章写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。‎ ‎ Your coat is good except for its color. 你的外套很好，就是颜色不太好。‎ 说明：当except用于句首时，后面往往要加上for。如：‎ ‎ Except for this，everything is in good order. = Everything is in good order except this.‎ 除此之外，一切正常。‎ ‎ ⑶Except，but和other than都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形，可以互换；但except后接副词、介 词短语、when从句等时，but和other than不可替换except。如：‎ ‎ He has always been in high spirits except recently. 近来外，他总是精神饱满。（副词）‎ ‎ The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外，这扇窗户从不打开。（介词短语）‎ ‎ He has always been busy except when n is Sunday. 除星期日外，他总是很忙。（when从句）‎ ‎ (4) but,except后都可接that从句作宾语；but, except可以互换。如：‎ I asked nothing from him but / except that he should write to me every other week.‎ 我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。‎ ‎ (5) 以上比较了except，besides，but作介词时的区别，另外，besides还可作副词，意为“in addition；also； moreover；furthermore（而且，还有）”。如：‎ ‎ I don't want to go;besides,I am too tired. 我不想去，再说，我也太累了。‎ ‎ This is my best suit; besides,I have two others. 这是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 用except，except for, besides填空：‎ ‎ ⑦I know nothing about the young lady that she is from Beijing.‎ ‎ ⑧I don't mind picking up your things from the store. , the walk does me good.‎ ‎ ⑨The car is nice the color.‎ ‎ ⑩We all went to the park Tom. Tom was ill in hospital.‎ ‎ ⑦except ⑧Besides ⑨except for ⑩except ‎ ‎ 4. in与of表示比较范围 ‎ 二词均可引出一个可供比较的范围，适用于形容词和副词的最高级，指三者或三者以上的人或事物的 比较。‎ ‎ in表示限定在某个范围内的最高级。‎ ‎ of表示同一类人或事物中的最高级；用于同类两者之间的比较时，比较级前须加定冠词the。如：‎ ‎ Mary sings best in the school. 在这所学校，玛丽唱歌最棒。‎ ‎ Of all the boys,Jack runs fastest. 在所有的男孩里，杰克跑得最快。‎ ‎ Tom seems to be the more diligent of the two brothers. 在这对兄弟中，汤姆好像更勤奋。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 单项填空：‎ ‎ The home improvement has taken what little there is my spare time.‎ ‎ A. from B. in C. of D. at ‎ John is the tallest the students his class.‎ ‎ A. of;in B.in; of C.on; by D.by; on ‎ C A ‎ ‎ 5. for与to接后置的间接宾语 ‎ (1) buy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save/sing...+ sth.+ for + sb.‎ ‎ (2)bring/give/leave/lend/offer/pay/pass/promise/read/refuse/return/send/show/teach/tell/throw/write...+ sth. + to + sb.‎ ‎ 6. 形容词后的for与to ‎ 英语中经常遇见一些形容词与介词for或to搭配。这种搭配非常灵活，现将几种常见的搭配情况简述 如下：‎ ‎ (1)当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时，其后只能用for。如：‎ ‎ The shirt is too large for me. 这件衬衫对我来说太大了。‎ ‎ (2)当侧重于与别人比较，有“就……而论”之意时，常用for 如：‎ ‎ Chinese is very difficult for me.I can't learn it. 中文对我来说太难了，我学不会。‎ ‎ (3)当侧重于主观看法，有“以……看来”之意时，常用to。如：‎ ‎ Chinese is very difficult to me,but I'll try my best to learn it. 中文对我来说很难，但是我会尽全力学习的。‎ ‎ (4)如果无特定的语境，则用for或to都可以。这时主要看说话者的态度，若说话者侧重第二条所述，则 用for；若说话者侧重第三条所述，则用to。如：‎ ‎ The text is very easy to/for me. 这篇课文对我来说很容易。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 用介词for或to填空：‎ ‎ These maths problems are too difficult me.‎ ‎ Smoking will do harm your health.‎ ‎ This book is good you.‎ ‎ The manager seems very good you.‎ ‎ This book is not easy me to read.‎ ‎ The house is big enough us two.‎ ‎ for to for for for for ‎ 7. at，from，in的有关表达 ‎ (1) at:at dawn在黎明；at daybreak在拂晓；at sunrise日出时；at sunset/sundown日落时,at noon在中午； at dusk在黄昏；at night在夜晚；at home在家；at table在用餐；at school在上学；at college在上大学； at risk有危险，冒险；at last最后,at rest静止不动 ‎ (2) from:from memory凭记忆；from cover to cover从头至尾；from day to day日复一日；from beginning to end从头到尾；from head to foot从头到脚 ‎ (3)in:in a hurry匆忙；in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨／低落／差；in tears热泪盈眶；in fear在恐惧中； in danger在危险中；in peace和平地；in safety很安全；in need被需要；in good order很整齐；in silence 静静地；in good health身体好；in love恋爱中；in public在公共场所；in doubt拿不准，不肯定；in print 在印刷；in flower在开花；in store就要到来 ‎ 【题组训练】 汉译英：‎ ‎ 在手边 ‎ ‎ 目前 ‎ ‎ 处于战争状态 ‎ ‎ 挨家挨户 ‎ 在上班 ‎ at hand at present at war from door to door at work ‎ 8. of+抽象名词 = 形容词 ‎ of+ great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词；‎ ‎ of+ no+抽象名词=not+形容词。如：‎ ‎ It is of great／much value.=It is very valuable. 这非常有价值。‎ The camel is of great help to the Arab.= The camel is very helpful to the Arab.‎ 骆驼对阿拉伯人来说很有帮助。‎ It is of no use = It is not useful.=It is useless 它没用。‎ This matter is of much importance. = This matter is very important. 这件事非常重要。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 同义句转换：‎ The meeting is very important. = The meeting is .‎ He is as old as Tom. = They are .‎ ‎ of great/much importance of an age / of the same age ‎ 9. to与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”‎ delight delight surprise surprise ‎ to + one's + horror = to the horror of sb.‎ sorrow sorrow joy joy regret regret 这种表达法表示结果，作状语，位于句前、中、后皆可，意为“使某人……的是”。为了强调，可在 前面加much。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 10. as ,like ‎ 两个词都有“像……”的意思，但作此意讲时，as为连词；like为介词，后面加名词、代词等；当前 面有such，as，the same时，后面用as。此外as作介词时，还有“作为……”等其他意思。如：‎ ‎ Do as I do. 像我这样来做。（as后面跟句子，美国人也常说Do like I do.）‎ ‎ I have the same book as you( have). 我和你有同样的书。‎ ‎ He looks like his father. 他长得像他父亲。‎ Adult as he is,his mother always treats him as a child. ‎ 虽然他已长大成人，但他妈妈总是像待孩子那样待他。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 汉译英：‎ ‎ 让我高兴酌是，他得了一等奖。 ‎ 我的笔记本电脑和你的一样。 ‎ 他找到了一份当记者的工作。 ‎ 这块大石头看上去像只猴子。 ‎ ‎ To my joy / delight, he got the first prize. My notebook is the same as yours. He got / found a job as a journalist. The big stone looks like a money. ‎ ‎ 11. with的用法 ‎ with在英语中用法繁多，在中学英语中也不例外，因此成为高考热点并不稀奇。其主要用法如下：‎ ‎ (1)表示“和……在一起”、“由……陪同”或“有……在场”的意思。如：‎ Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there,with their family of three small children.‎ 史密斯夫妇带着他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。‎ ‎ Would you like to go to the theatre with us? 你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？‎ You cannot see Mr. Johnson at the moment,as he is with the manager.‎ 你此刻见不到约翰逊先生，因为他在经理那儿。‎ ‎ (2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如：‎ ‎ With time passing by,they have grown into big boys and big girls. ‎ 随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。‎ ‎ Temperatures vary with the time of the year. 温度随着时节而变化。‎ ‎ (3)表示“带有、带来、带走、携带”等，表伴随的意思。如：‎ ‎ The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee. 服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。‎ ‎ He came downstairs with his coat over his arm. 他把外衣搭在胳膊上走下楼来。‎ ‎ It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows closed. 由于所有窗户都关着，屋子里非常闷。‎ ‎ (4)引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如：‎ ‎ The stranger spoke with a foreign accent. 那个陌生人说话带外国口音。‎ ‎ He looked at me with a frown. 他皱着眉头看我。‎ ‎ 同样用法的有：with a sneer嘲笑地；with a sigh唉声叹气地；with a sob抽噎地；with a laugh哈哈一笑， 大笑着。‎ ‎ (5) 指原因或理由。如：‎ ‎ She was shivering with cold．她冷得发抖。‎ ‎ The small child trembled, with fear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。‎ ‎ His face was red with anger. 他的脸气得通红？‎ ‎ My wife is in bed with influenza. 我的妻子得了流行性感冒卧病在床。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】介词填空：‎ ‎ production up by 60% ,the company has had another excellent year.‎ ‎ —What do you want to do those old boxes? —To put things in when I move to the new flat.‎ ‎ It was a pity that the great writer died his work unfinished.‎ ‎ With with with ‎ 12. by的用法 ‎ (1)表示“不迟于（某时间）”的意思。如：‎ ‎ We have to be home by ten o'clock. 我们10点钟之前得到家。‎ ‎ I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week. 我已经答应本周末完成这项工作。‎ ‎ (2)表示“在……期间（一段指明的时间）”的意思。如：‎ ‎ They decided to travel by night．他们决定在夜里旅行。‎ ‎ (3)指人体或物体的某一部分。如：‎ ‎ He seized me by the arm．他抓住了我的胳膊。‎ ‎ (4)表示“由于……的结果；凭借……”的意思。如：‎ ‎ He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。‎ ‎ (5)含有“以……的幅度”的意思。如：‎ ‎ This one is shorter than the other by three inches. 这一个比那一个短三英寸。‎ ‎ We lost the match by one goal. 我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。‎ ‎ (6)表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按以计算的时间。如：‎ Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.‎ 牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，蛋类论打卖。‎ ‎ (7)表示“按照……”、“根据……”的意思。如：‎ ‎ By my watch,the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是11:30。‎ ‎ By the expression on his face,he seemed to be displeased. 从他的面部表情来看，他似乎不高兴。‎ ‎ We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky. 看天色，暴风雨就要来了。‎ ‎ 【题组训练】 翻译下列句子：‎ ‎ Can you finish the work by five o'clock? ‎ The bullet missed him by two inches ‎ We sell ice creams by the thousand in the summer. ‎ 你能在5点钟以前完成这项工作吗？ 那颗子弹差两英寸就打中他了。 我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。‎ ‎13. 介词与某些词类的搭配 ‎ (1)名词与介词的固定搭配 ‎ ①要求用to的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude, monument, devotion ,journey,‎ ‎ entrance 等。‎ ‎ ②要求用in的名词：interest，expert等。‎ ‎ ③要求用on的名词：mercy，congratulations，effect等。‎ ‎ ④要求用其他介词的名词：prize( for)，respect( for)，victory(over), struggle( with), excuse( for),( for) fear( of) 等。‎ ‎ (2)形容词与介词的固定搭配 ‎ ①要求用at的形容词：angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited, puzzled ,frightened.‎ ‎ ②要求用of的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full, tired，fond，proud，worthy。‎ ‎ ③要求用with的形容词：angry，strict，careful, busy，popular，patient。‎ ‎ ④要求用in的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful，slow。‎ ‎ ⑤要求用to的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel, rude，known, married, close, similar, due.‎ ‎ ⑥要求用for的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，‎ ‎ hungry。‎ ‎ ⑦要求用from的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent。‎ ‎ ⑧要求用about的形容调：sorry，worried，curious，anxious，sure，certain。‎ ‎ 说明：同一形容词与不同的介词搭配，其含义不同。如：‎ ‎ He is good to her. 他对她友好。‎ ‎ The advice is good for her. 这条建议对她有益。‎ ‎ He was tired of the work. 他厌倦了那份工作。‎ ‎ He was tired with／from the work. 他因工作而疲劳。‎ ‎【题组训练】用适当的介词填空：‎ —You know,Bob is a little slow understanding, so ... ‎ ‎ —So I have to be patient him.‎ People have always been curious how living things on the earth exactly began.‎ In order to change attitudes employing women, the government is bringing in new laws. ‎ in；with about toward(s) to Step 3 高考真题练习 A 组 2011年全国高考题组 ‎3. ( 2011江苏,32 ) We'd better discuss everything before we work out the plan.‎ ‎ A.in detail B.in general C. on purpose D. on time ‎4. ( 2011课标·全国 I ,30 ) The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.‎ ‎ A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than ‎5. ( 2011金国II,14 ) This shop will be closed for repairs further notice.‎ ‎ A. with B. until C. for D. at ‎6. (2011山东,30 ) I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy the past couple of weeks.‎ ‎ A.beyond B.with C.among D.over ‎8. ( 2011天津, 11) He was a good student and scored average in most subjects.‎ ‎ A. below B. of C. on D. above ‎10.(2011 北京, 35 ) With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color.‎ ‎ A.by B.for C.with D.in ‎11. (2011 福建, 22 ) good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.‎ ‎ A.Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of ‎13. (2011 浙江，5)I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained .‎ ‎ A.on B.for C.by D.of ‎16. ( 2011安徽,25 ) Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems.‎ ‎ A.in B.to C.on D.after 18. ‎( 2011湖北, 30 ) When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step ‎ ‎ aside younger men.‎ ‎ A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of ‎19. (2011 重庆, 24 ) Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read the library.‎ ‎ A.in B.for C.by D.from ‎20. ( 2011 四川 ,8 ) Nick,it's good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there.‎ ‎ A.in B.for C.of D.on ‎1~5 C A A B B 6~10 D A D D D 11~15 B B B B B 16~20 B D C D D 21. C B 组 2007—2010年新课标地区高考题组 ‎9. ( 2010 江苏,29 ) So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy,but it is ideal. We have to work still harder.‎ ‎ A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to ‎10. ( 2010天津, 13 ) My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.‎ ‎ A. by B. on C. for D. against ‎11. ( 2010土海 ,25 ) Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.‎ ‎ A. between B. along C. below D. with ‎12. ( 2010北京,29 ) Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.‎ ‎ A. in B. at C. for D. to ‎13. ( 2010 江西,29) We give dogs time, space and love we can spare,and ,clogs give us their all.‎ ‎ A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return ‎14. ( 2010福建 , 27 ) More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.‎ ‎ A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of ‎15. ( 2010淅江,7 )1 guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just .‎ ‎ A. by nature B.in return C. in case D. by chance ‎16. ( 2010辽宁,3j ) I agree to his suggestion the condition that he drops all charges.‎ A. by B. in C. on D. to ‎17. (2010湖北,Ⅻ )It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.‎ ‎ A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for ‎18. ( 2010江西,34 ) Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name,not case number.‎ ‎ A. of B. as C. by D.with ‎25. ( 2009 11苏; 30 ) This special school accepts all disabled students, educational level and background.‎ ‎ A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of ‎26.(2009宁夏●海南，34）Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.‎ ‎ A.beyond B.without C.of D.in ‎27. (2009 陕西，8）He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.‎ ‎ A.at B.on C.in D.by ‎28. (2009 湖南，22) Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves and solve their problems themselves.‎ ‎ A.to;by B.by;to C.for;to D.in;on ‎29. (2009 北京，29 )The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, little foreign ownership.‎ A.by B. of C.with D. from ‎30.(2009 辽宁，32) Children need friends their own age to play with.‎ ‎ A. of B. for C.in D. at ‎31.（2009 福建,23 ) —How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!‎ ‎ —It's a challenge,I guess, man against nature.‎ ‎ A. of B.for C. by D. about ‎32. ( 2009山东,33 ) It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach.‎ ‎ A.near B.upon C.within D.around ‎33. ( 2008 江苏，25)—I can't repair these until tomorrow, I'm afraid. —That's OK,there's .‎ ‎ A. no problem B.no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry ‎36.(2008福建, 23 ) A great man shows his greatness the way he treats little men.‎ ‎ A.under B.with C.on D.by ‎37. (2008 辽宁 ,35 ) I like Mr. Miner's speech;it was clear and the point.‎ ‎ A. at B. on C. to D. of ‎ ‎38. ( 2008 天津，10) Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students financial aid.‎ ‎ A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of ‎39. (2007 天津，4) fire,all exits must be kept clear.‎ ‎ A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of ‎40. ( 2007 浙江，19 ) The open-air celebration has been put off the bad weather.‎ ‎ A. in case of' B. in spite of C. instead of D. because of ‎1~5 B A A A C 6~10 C A A B D 11~15 B C D D C 16~20 C D C B C 21~25 A D C A B 26~30 A B A C A 31~35 A C D D B 36~40 D C D C D 把今天所讲的名词、介词短语记住