2019高考英语复习专题专题词义猜测题无答案

2019高考英语复习专题专题词义猜测题无答案

高三阅读理解技巧 — 词义猜测 序号 题型 题型分类标记词 ‎1‎ 细节理解题 无特殊词汇 ‎2‎ 词义猜测题 closest in meaning, most probably means, be replaced by, refer to ‎3‎ 主旨大意题 main(ly), theme, title, entitled, chiefly, primarily, major point ‎4‎ 写作目的题 purpose, goal, intend ‎5‎ 推理判断题 infer, imply, indicate, suggest, conclude 词义猜测题 ‎【提问方式】‎ 1. The word “…” underlined probably means/ refers to/ could best be replaced by ___. ‎ 2. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?‎ ‎3. The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______. ‎ ‎4. The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.‎ ‎【热身练习】‎ ‎1. On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily, because it is the first day for him to work. When first he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, ”take it easy, you are a green hand.” (新手)‎ ‎2. Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect. It can fly. Its wings are red. It is very small. (瓢虫)‎ ‎3. Tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货）. Some guides told them that fakes are good. They are worth buying. (诱骗)‎ ‎4. Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice. (厕所)‎ ‎5. We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. Oh, my god, we are very tied. (夜班)‎ ‎【解题策略】‎ 一、 根据上下文 猜词技巧1：定义释义法 通过定义，定语从句，词组，同位语从句来体现。其表现形式为：that is, in other words, or, mean, be called, refer to 或连系动词to be等定义或重述形式来解释生词。如：‎ 1. Anthropology is the scientific study for man. (人类学)‎ 2. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a month. (牧羊人)‎ 3. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. (木匠)‎ 猜词技巧2：重述法（相似法）‎ 根据同等关系猜测词义—指一组词组剧中作统一成分，且他们的词义属于同义或近义，如or, that is (to say), in other words, i.e.‎ ‎4. All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales. (有牙齿的)‎ ‎5. It will be very hard but also very brittle－that is, it will break easily.‎ ‎ A easily broken B soft inside C very hard D expensive ‎6. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields. (灌溉)‎ 猜词技巧3：对比法 句中多半有unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than 等信息词；另外，分号也可表示转折，对比的意义。‎ ‎7. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. "Good boy," Buster whispered. "What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death."‎ Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic”?‎ A. Messy and untidy B. Rich and expensive C. Comfortable and calming D. Unusual and foreign ‎8. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. (脏的)‎ ‎9. The main point of the plan is clear to me; but the details are still hazy. (模糊的)‎ ‎10. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.‎ A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly ‎ 猜词技巧4：因果法 文章借助关联词because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, therefore, lead to, cause, result in, result from, bring about等表示因果关系。‎ ‎11. Mary didn’t notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading.‎ ‎ A. 心不在焉的　　　B.紧张的 C.全神贯注的　　 D. 睡意浓的 ‎12. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. (浑浊的)‎ ‎13. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.‎ ‎ A very large B crowed C noisy D good 猜词技巧5：常识 根据上下文或则很难根据的理解，运用常识，自己的经验或社会等方面的知识猜测词义。‎ ‎14. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.‎ ‎ The phrase “mopping up” means ______.‎ ‎ A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out ‎15. Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They tell you how to take care of the clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. (标签)‎ ‎16. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. (麻醉剂)‎ 猜词技巧6：举例法 标志词：for example，for instance，such as ，like，as…as，etc.‎ ‎17. The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.‎ Q: The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.‎ A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers211‎ 猜词技巧7：根据上下文线索 ‎18. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of "roll call" where wolves all howl together to report their presence.‎ ‎ "Howling… is a contagious behavior" (in the last paragraph ) means ________.‎ A. howling is a signal for hunting B. howling is a way of communication C. howling often occurs in the morning D. howling spreads from one to another ‎19. "Why didn't you keep the money?" he asked. The professor replied: "I couldn't,‎ because it's not mine." Then he walked off, spurning the thief's offer of a reward.‎ ‎ The word " spurning " in the last sentence can be replaced by _____‎ ‎ A. accepting B. claiming C. rejecting D. canceling 二、根据构词法 英语中的构词法主要有3种：‎ u 派生—由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新单词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：‎ 前缀 （否定） un- in- im- dis- mis- non-‎ re- under-低于 mini- over- 过度 super-‎ 后缀 （名词）-ment -tion -ness -ist -ity -ism ‎ （形容词） -ful -ious -ous -al -ish -able -less -wards ‎ ‎ （动词） -ize -ify -en 转化—由某一词性转化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。‎ u 合成—两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。‎ Can you guess the right meanings?‎ rebuild microwave setback ‎ overwork mispronounce eastwards homeless nonsmoker a. The people present at the party all presented him with a present, so he thinks they are friendly at present.‎ b. The teacher said that that “that” that that student used there was right.‎ ‎20. It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man. ‎ What does the word “mispresent ” mean? ‎ A. Making a wrong judgment about ‎ B. Understanding somebody wrongly ‎ C. Giving a wrong description of ‎ D. Forming a wrong opinion about ‎21. ….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. (不能回收利用的东西)‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ 猜测词义 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ 定义法 重述法 对比法 因果法 常识法 举例法 上下文 构词法 ‎【巩固练习】‎ ‎1. Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. (强调，突出) 构词法 ‎2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. (爱交际的) 对比法 ‎3. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. (有害的) 重述法 ‎4. (2019年广东高考) When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. 因果法 Q：The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off ”(in para 3) means that the colors_______. ‎ A. attracted the customers strongly ‎ B. had weak effected on the customers ‎ C. tricked the customers into shopping ‎ D. caused the customers to lose interest ‎5. （2019上海卷） I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do. 常识法 ‎ A. full of respect B. too confident and rude ‎ C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet ‎6. （2019湖北卷B） There is no cure for Alzheimer's. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms . ‎ ‎ Q：The underlined part meams ______.‎ ‎ A. a medicine to cure Alzheimer's ‎ B. a medicine to delay signs of aging ‎ C. a medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's ‎ D. a medicine to cure brain damage ‎7. （2019广东高考） Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. 上下文 Q: The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________. ‎ A. basic        B. reliable         C. surprising     D. interesting ‎8. （2019广东高考） However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.‎ ‎ In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to ______.‎ A. being good at something B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life ‎【综合练习】‎ Passage 1 ‎ ‎ Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents’ road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins （帝企鹅）nesting on the Ross island rookeries（（企鹅群）群栖地） are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.‎ ² What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?‎ A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy Passage 2‎ A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.‎ ² The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.‎ A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame ‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. ‎ ² The underlined word “banished” mean_______.‎ ‎ A. killed by stoning B. sent away ‎ ‎ C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping ‎ Passage 4‎ ‎ My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. ‎ ² What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean?‎ A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. Challenging ‎ Passage 5‎ ‎ Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.‎ ² The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.‎ A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop Passage 6‎ ‎ After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. ‎ ² The underlined word “astounded” means ____.‎ A. very sad B. very sorry ‎ C. very pleased D. greatly surprised ‎