2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版选修8

2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版选修8

A land of diversity 李仕才 ‎***阅读理解。‎ Fidel Castro was born at his father’s farm on August 13, 1926. His father, Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growing sugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Oriente‎ ‎Province.‎ Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized(洗礼)into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school in Santiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the privately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geography and debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.‎ In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University‎ of ‎Havana, where he became involved in student activism, and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S.‎ interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of University Students on a platform of “honesty, decency and justice”. Castro became critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Grau’s government, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers.‎ In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated social justice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. Though Chibas lost the election, Castro remained devoted to working on his behalf. Social situation becoming worse, Castor soon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surrounding himself with armed friends.‎ ‎1.From paragraph 2, we know that Fidel Castro _______.‎ A. had no interest in history 9‎ B. performed very well at school C. spend much time playing sport D. attended the La Salle boarding school before 8‎ ‎2.What is the right order of the following events related to Fidel Castro?‎ a. delivered a public speech b. entered the ‎University‎ of ‎Havana c. joined the Party of the Cuban People d. transferred to famous school, De Belen A. dbac B. abcd C. dabc D. acdb ‎3.Fidel Castro carried a gun at university_________‎ A.to catch people’s attention B.to hang out with friend for fun C.to get involved in the political activities D.to defend himself against the death threat ‎4.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. the Party of the Cuban People B. Fidel Castro’s misbehavior at school C. Cuba’s political situations in the 1940s D. Fidel Castro’s early life and political activities ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. ”可知d的时间为1945年；根据第三段第一句话中的“In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana”可知b的时间为1945年，且在d之后发生；根据第三段最后一句话中的“…, delivering a public speech on the subject in November ‎‎1946”‎ 9‎ 可知a发生于1946年；根据最后一段第一句话中的 “In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People”可知c发生于1947年。正确顺序为dbac，故选A。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动，故选D。‎ ‎***语法填空。‎ Creativity is a mysterious idea. We seem __1__ (feel) that some people are naturally creative, but we don't know how they got that way. Is creativity a natural gift, or is __2__ something that can __3__ (acquire)? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process __4__ (careful), we might get some insight (洞察力) into what it is and __5__ it might work in our lives. The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts, but we should not think the creativity plays a part only in the arts. Every major scientific discovery began with someone __6__ (imagine) the world differently from the way others saw it. And this is __7__ creativity is all about. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imagination, we all have the potential to imagine the world in __8__ absolutely new way. In fact, you are born __9__ it. And what's more, you use it every day. It's your creative mind __10__ gets meaning from chaos of experiences and brings order to your world.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　‎ ‎5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　‎ ‎9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以获得？本文就这一话题展开了讨论。‎ ‎1．to feel 考查非谓语动词。我们感觉似乎某些人天生具有创造力。seem to do sth.“似乎要做某事”。‎ ‎2．it 考查代词。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以习得的？这里用it指代creativity。‎ ‎3．be acquired 考查被动语态。先行词something和acquire之间是被动关系，又因为情态动词can后要用动词原形，故此空填be acquired。‎ 9‎ ‎4．carefully 考查词性转换。也许如果我们仔细分析创造的过程，我们就会洞察到什么是创造力，它是如何在我们的生活中起作用的。这里用副词修饰动词analyze。‎ ‎5．how 考查特殊疑问词。此处表述创造力是如何在我们生活中起作用的。由语义可知填how。‎ ‎6．imagining 考查with的复合结构。每次重大的科学发现都以某个人以不同于其他人的方式看待这个世界开始。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此空填imagining。‎ ‎7．what 考查名词性从句的连接词。创造力就是用一种新的方式想象世界。空格处引导表语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填连接代词what。‎ ‎8．an 考查冠词。我们都有这种潜能，用一种全新的方式想象这个世界。absolutely的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表泛指。‎ ‎9．with 考查介词。事实上，你天生具有创造力。be born with “生而具有”。‎ ‎10．that 考查强调句。正是创造性思维使得你从混乱的经历中找到意义，给你的世界带来秩序。由强调句基本结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分”可确定答案。‎ ‎***完形填空。‎ I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves.It was such a __2__ and heavenly time.‎ My calm was broken，__3__，as I rounded a curve(拐弯处)．A huge UHaul truck was coming my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to __4__ it.It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as __5__.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them __6__ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to __7__.It was then that I __8__ a selfstorage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldn't fit their __9__ into their houses.I saw a(n)__10__ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed __11__ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff.‎ I lost my own __12__ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened __13__ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as __14__ any more.What was important was seeing Mom's smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair __15__ ‎ 9‎ a hard day's work.What was important was the stuff of __16__，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would __17__.I didn't want too much stuff to __18__ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and __19__ my family and others.‎ I assumed that only by doing so could I make my __20__.‎ ‎1．A.appreciating　　　B．reflecting C．admiring D．releasing ‎2．A.refreshing B．delightful C．peaceful D．dynamic ‎3．A.though B．too C．anyway D．instead ‎4．A.miss B．reject C．ignore D．desert ‎5．A.useful B．large C．new D．good ‎6．A.turned to B．referred to C．reacted to D．belonged to ‎7．A.beat B．pulse C．accelerate D．follow ‎8．A.noticed B．thought C．did D．established ‎9．A.furniture B．boxes C．possessions D．materials ‎10．A.old B．young C．middleaged D．small ‎11．A.curious B．apparent C．certain D．obvious ‎12．A.hope B．talent C．faith D．taste ‎13．A.in return B．in turn C．in time D．in vain ‎14．A.affordable B．significant C．beneficial D．practical ‎15．A.before B．in 9‎ C．after D．during ‎16．A.mind B．hand C．head D．soul ‎17．A.purchase B．donate C．waste D．need ‎18．A.put up B．crowd up C．bring up D．set up ‎19．A.helping B．abusing C．loving D．affecting ‎20．A.name B．day C．world D．way ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。‎ ‎1．B　根据“the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。‎ ‎2．C　根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。‎ ‎3．A　根据空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”；instead“相反”。‎ ‎4．A　根据空前一句中的“truck was coming my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。‎ ‎5．B　根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。‎ ‎6．D　根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belonged to)同一个人。belong to“属于”；turn to“转向，求助于”；refer to“参考，提到”；react to“对……作出反应”。‎ ‎7．D　根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。‎ 9‎ ‎8．A　该句中的It was then that是强调句型，意思是“就在那时”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，创办”。‎ ‎9．C　根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；material“材料”。‎ ‎10．B　根据空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。‎ ‎11．A　根据该句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。‎ ‎12．D　根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”； talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。‎ ‎13．C　根据空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(in time)醒来逃了出去。in return“作为回报”；in turn“反过来，轮流”；in vain“徒劳”。‎ ‎14．B　根据空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。‎ ‎15．C　根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。‎ ‎16．D　根据空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空处所填词与“this world”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”。‎ ‎17．A　根据上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。‎ ‎18．B　根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowd up符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”；bring up“抚养，养育，提出”；set up“建立”。‎ ‎19．C　根据空后的“my family and others”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。‎ ‎20．B　根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。make sb.'s day为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。‎ ‎***短文改错。‎ 9‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.‎ As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good for you. It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.‎ I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but worries me most is that you are in low when facing failure.‎ As senior three students, we all taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good you. It can give you some time to be in not only the body but also the mind so that can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.‎ 9‎ I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work together and turn our dream into reality.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 难项分析：‎ 第一处：which→what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，表示“所……的事”，故用what。‎ 第二处：spirit→spirits　考查名词的数。in low spirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。‎ 第四处：It→There　考查固定句式。There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。‎ ‎***‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 9‎