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英语分词讲解
现在分词&过去分词 一、本质区别 一般说来,现在分词表示一个持续的、或者正在进行的主动动作,主动和进行是现在分词的本质特征;过去分词表示一个已经完成的被动动作,被动、完成是过去分词的本质特征。另外,现在分词的被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作;现在分词的完成式表示一个发生在句子谓语动词之前的主动动作。例如: 1. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life span of around 20 years. 逗号后面是独立主格结构"some+分词"作状语;动词have与其逻辑主语some是主动关系,且表示一个持续的主动动作,所以用现在分词作状语。 2. Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? someone与call是主动关系,再由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救,所以用现在分词作宾补,表示一个正在进行的主动动作。 3. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 由于lay(搁放)与其逻辑主语table是被动关系,且动作已经发生,所以用过去分词作宾补,表示一个已经完成的被动动作。 4. Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. found与Tsinghua University是被动关系,且动作也已完成,故用过去分词作定语,表示一个已经完成的被动动作。 5. Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. struggle与其逻辑主语Dina为主动关系,且动作发生在句子谓语took之前,故用现在分词的完成式,表示一个已经完成的主动动作。 6. His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 动词不定式的被动式在句中作定语,表示一个将要进行的被动动作。 二、分词的逻辑主语 抓住分词的逻辑主语是选择两种分词的关键。一般说来,分词与其逻辑主语是主动关系就用现在分词;是被动关系则用过去分词。注意:不及物动词和系动词一律用现在分词。例如: 1. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument. 动词say与其逻辑主语Sarah为主动关系,因此用现在分词作状语。 2. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 此处weigh用作不及物动词,意为"重……",所以要用现在分词作定语。 3. Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 动词offer与其逻辑主语Andy是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。 4. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams. 动词remind和其逻辑主语himself是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。查看更多