高考真题中出现的熟词生义

高考真题中出现的熟词生义

高考真题中出现的熟词生义 ‎        《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。‎ ‎        一词多义的现象普遍存在，一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义，或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义，往往较难把握，因此造成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。为帮助学生提高在语境中学习、理解词汇的能力，笔者特此整理了近几年全国卷出现一词多义（熟词生义）的词汇，供教师、学生们作教、学参考。‎ ‎1. pick up ‎【真题原文】Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】pick up常用词义为“捡起，（用车）接人”。本句中的pick up后接两个并列的宾语“a wonderful science activity”和“souvenir”。“pick up”与“a wonderful science activity”搭配时可理解为“to join in, to participate（参加）”；与“a wonderful souvenir”搭配时则意为“to buy sth. （挑选/购买）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下，在这里你可以参加一个精彩的科学活动和选购一件精美的纪念品，以纪念你的到访。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】你可以花200美元就可以淘到一台二手笔记本电脑。‎ You can _____________ a second-hand laptop for about $200.‎ ‎2. feed ‎【真题原文】 Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】feed常见词义为“喂养，饲养”，本句中的feed则理解为“to satisfy a need, desire, ect. and keep it strong(满足)”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实，但你的身体呢？‎ ‎【小试牛刀】广泛地阅读是充实心灵的好途径。‎ Extensive reading is a good way to______________ .‎ ‎3. special ‎【真题原文】Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】special常用作形容词，意为“特别的”。在本句中，special用作名词，意为“a dish that is not normally available or is made for a particular purpose（特色菜）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】除了季节性的特色菜，我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食，任君选择。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】今天的特色菜写在布告板上。‎ Today’s ___________ are written on the board.‎ ‎4. work ‎【真题原文】Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】work常用意思为“工作”，此句中的work理解为“to be effective or successful（有效；成功）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的；（能否）活下来是不确定的。但是，当成功活下来时，活着就是很美好的。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】她关于部门重组的构想实际上永远都不会实现。‎ Her idea for reorganizing the department will __________ in practice.‎ ‎5. carrier ‎【真题原文】When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in acarrier for safety. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】carrier常见意为“运输工具，运送者”，此句中的carrier理解为“a temporary shelter or a rough nest（临时庇护处或简易的窝）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】当我到达时，我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见，它已经被安置到一个临时庇护处了。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】有些鸟自己不筑巢，甚至连个简易窝都不建。相反，他们喜欢在其他鸟的巢里下蛋。‎ Some birds don’t build their own nests, even a rough __________. Instead, they lay eggs in the nests of other birds.‎ ‎6. anchor ‎【真题原文】My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】anchor常见词义为“n. 锚；v. 抛锚”。本句的anchor意为“to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly（把……固定）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢，并把它安放在一棵树上。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。‎ We __________ ourselves to the rocks with a rope.‎ ‎7. rest ‎【真题原文】Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and therest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. (2017全国I卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】rest常用含义为“v. & n.休息”，本句中出现了两个rest，第一个rest为动词，意为“to lie or lean on something（躺；倚；靠）”；第二个rest为名词，意为“the other parts that remain or that have not been mentioned（剩余部分）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的剩余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①自行车靠墙放着。‎ The bicycle ____________ against the wall. (参考答案：is/was resting)‎ ‎②我会开一个派对，然后把剩下的钱用来投资。‎ I’m going to throw a party, then invest __________________.‎ ‎8. production ‎【真题原文】The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】production常用词义为“生产；产量”，此句中意为“a play, opera, or other show that is performed in a theatre（演出）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】这家公司的演出展示了21世纪中国剧院的新面貌。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】为了这次演出，她已经学会了用西班牙语演这个角色。‎ For this __________ she has learnt the role in Spanish.‎ ‎9. stand up ‎【真题原文】When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】stand up常见含义是“站起来”，本句的stand up意为“to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked（支持，维护）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】当制片方不想要我拍这部电影时——他们(制片方)想要像保罗那样出名的人——他维护了我。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】你需要用精神力量来支持自己。‎ You need strength of mind to __________ for yourself.‎ ‎10. dig ‎【真题原文】We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】dig常用含义是“挖掘，戳入”，本句的dig的含义为“to study something very carefully in order to discover or check facts（刻苦钻研）”，dig into为固定搭配，意为“探究，钻研”。‎ ‎【参考译文】事实上, 我们的车间刚刚开始研究这个问题.‎ ‎【小试牛刀】Our workshop, in fact, was just beginning to __________ the problem.‎ ‎ 11. deal ‎【真题原文】He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】deal常用含义为“v. 处理；n. 买卖，大量”，本句的deal意为“bad fortune or unfair treatment（坏运气；不公平的对待）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】他一直进出医院。他和我都知道这种霉运意味着什么，然后我们都不谈论这种事。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】利物浦人多年来一直没有得到公正的待遇。‎ The people of Liverpool have had a bad __________ for many, many years.‎ ‎12. put down ‎【真题原文】Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017全国II卷阅读C篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】put down常见意思是“写下，记录”，本句的put down意为“ to pay part of the price of something, and to pay the rest later（付定金）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】为买到一辆Transition飞行车，大约有100人已经支付了10000美元的定金，并且在Terrafugia公司后来的本周纽约汽车展上推介这款车之后，人数很可能会上升。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】他以10万美元买下一处投资性地产，并支付了2万美元的定金。‎ He bought an investment property for $100,000 and __________ $20,000.‎ ‎13. sit ‎【真题原文】When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】sit常用含义是“坐”，本句的sit意为“to remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually waiting for something to happen（无动于衷；坐以待毙；静观其变）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】当一种多叶植物遭到袭击，它不会静静地坐以待毙。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】生活依然会很艰辛，但是如果他们能静观其变，并且信任他，一切会慢慢好起来的。‎ Life would continue to be hard but if they __________ tight and trusted him things would get better.‎ ‎14. complex ‎【真题原文】Bradford sold the building and land to a local development film, which plans a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. (2017全国III卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】complex常用作形容词，意为“复杂的”；本句的complex为名词，意为“A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.（综合大楼）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司，这家公司计划在这家剧院所在的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】镇上拥有全国最好的休闲活动综合楼之一。‎ The town has one of the best leisure __________ in the country.‎ ‎15. duty ‎【真题原文】But others do double duty. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】duty常用含义是“职责，责任，义务”，此句的duty意为“function（作用，用途）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】但是另一些则起着双重作用。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】在一个小空间里，每一件家具都应该是双重用途的。‎ Every piece of the furniture in a small space should do __________.‎ ‎16. design ‎【真题原文】They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】design常用含义是“设计”，此句的design意为“to intend, to attempt（意图）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】它们散发出香味是为了吸引不同的昆虫，而这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】采取这些措施旨在降低污染。‎ These measures __________ to reduce pollution.‎ ‎17. average ‎【真题原文】Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. (2017全国II卷完形填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】 average常用含义是“平均的”，本句中的两处average均意为“usual or normal, neither very good nor very bad（普通的，不好不差的）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】弗雷迪是个成绩平平的学生，却是一个不寻常的人。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】再普通再一般的人也要比40年前富裕多了。‎ The __________ person on the street is a lot better off than they were 40 years ago.‎ ‎18. update ‎【真题原文】Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. (2017全国II卷完形填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】update常见词义为“更新；使升级”，本句的update意为“a news item containing the latest information about a particular situation（最新消息）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】这几年，我会偶遇到以前的学生，他们会向我透露他们老同学的最新情况。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我要定期了解你的最新进展。‎ I’ll need regular __________ on your progress.‎ ‎19. allow ‎【真题原文】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (2017全国II卷语法填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】allow常见词义为“允许”，本句的allow意为“enable; to creates the opportunity for ‎ sth. to happen（使能够，促使）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】它（地铁）在地下延伸七公里，并使得人们在上下班时可以避开地面公路的严重的拥堵。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】这些密集的树木，使得没空间扩种更多的树木了。‎ These crowed trees __________no room for more trees.‎ ‎20. delicious ‎【真题原文】This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. (2017全国III卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】delicious常用词义为“美味的”，此句中意为“pleasant or interesting（怡人的，有趣的，好玩的）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】这条好玩的旅游线路穿越这座城市到达金银岛，在那里我们将在著名的SF酒厂停留。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我有一些有趣的小道消息和你分享。‎ I have some __________ gossip to tell you.‎ ‎ 21. monitor / pack ‎【真题原文】The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. (2017全国III卷阅读C篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】①monitor常见的词义为“n. 班长”，此句中意为“to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it（v. 监控，监视）”。‎ ‎②pack常用词义为“n. 包，包装，v. 打包装”，此句中意为“a group of animals that live and/or hunt together（n. 一群动物）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①中央情报局正在对他的电话进行监听。‎ The CIA __________ his phone calls.‎ ‎②一群野狗正在扑向一只兔子。‎ A __________ of wild dogs were rushing at a rabbit.‎ ‎22. about ‎【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out andabout without having to rely on others. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】about常用词义为“大约，关于”，此句中意为“in many different directions（四处，到处）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说，特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人，驾车（外出）对于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我跑了一上午到处找你。‎ I’ve been running __________ all morning trying to find you.‎ ‎23. address ‎【真题原文】The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. (2017全国III卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】address常用词义为“地址”，此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problem（处理）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】‎ DriveLAB正在帮助我们搞明白老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在，以及我们如何使用科技去解决这些问题。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】这个男孩的学费问题尚未得到解决。‎ The boy’s problem of school fee hasn’t __________.‎ ‎24. constant / fine ‎【真题原文】For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at aconstant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of gettingfined. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】① constant，熟悉的词义为“经常的；连续不断的”，本句的constant意为“staying the same, or not getting less or more（恒久不变的；稳定的）”。‎ ‎② fine熟悉的词义为“adj. 好的，健康的，晴朗的”，此句中意为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law（v. 罚款）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】例如，我们大多数人都会希望老年人总是比其他每一个人都开得慢一点，但是我们惊讶地发现，在限速30公里时速路段，他们吃力地保持平稳的速度，同时他们更可能会超过限制速度而有被罚款的风险。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①冰箱在恒温下保存食物。‎ The fridge keeps food ____________________.‎ ‎②他因为有威胁恐吓行为而被罚100英镑。‎ He __________ £100 for using threatening behaviour.‎ ‎25. life ‎【真题原文】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. (2017全国III卷语法填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】life常用词义为“生命，生活”，此句中意为“energy or enthusiasm（活力，热情）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】她看起来和其他女生没有两样，又年轻又充满活力。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】这个城市本身充满活力，个性十足。‎ The town itself was __________ and character.‎ ‎26. offer ‎【真题原文】My dad thinks I should take the offer now (2017全国III卷语法填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】offer常用词义为“提供，提出”，此句中意为“invitation（邀请）”。‎ ‎【参考译文】我父亲认为现在我应该接受这个邀请。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】莎拉，打算专心学习，拒绝了出演节目的邀请。‎ Sarah, who wants to concentrate on her studies, refused the __________ to star at shows.‎ ‎27. kick off ‎【真题原文】It lasted for more than a year and kicked off the civil-rights movement. (2016 全国I卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】kick off 常见的意思为“踢开，踢掉”，在本句中的意思为“ If a meeting, event, or a football game kicks off, it starts (会议，活动)开始”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】这项运动持续了一年多，并拉开了美国民权运动的序幕。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】据说比赛中午开始。‎ It is said that the match will            at noon.‎ ‎28.land ‎【真题原文】Her simple act landed Parks in prison.(2016 全国I卷阅读A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】land常见的意思为“陆地；着陆”，在本句中为动词，意为“  to cause someone to be in a difficult situation 使（某人）陷入困境”。‎ 搭配：land sb. in prison/trouble/hospital/court(使某人入狱/陷入困境/住院/卷入官司)。‎ ‎【参考翻译】她简单的举动致使帕尔克斯入狱。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】康妮要是上班老迟到，她会给自己惹上大麻烦的。‎ Connie’s going to                if she keeps arriving late for work.‎ ‎29.raise ‎【真题原文】We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.(2016 全国I卷阅读B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】raise常见的意思为“举起，升起，提高”，在本句中意为“to look after your children and help them grow抚养，养育”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我们现在意识到家庭是那么重要，有父母在身旁是那么重要，尤其是在你养育孩子的时候。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】斯坦的父亲去世了，留下他母亲独自抚养三个儿子。‎ Stan’s dad died, leaving his mother to            three sons alone.‎ ‎30.harvest ‎【真题原文】In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. (2016 全国I卷阅读C篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】harvest常见的意思是“收获；收割”，在本句中的意思为“to take cells or other body parts from someone for medical use采集”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】总共，自干细胞从捐献者身上采集到它们被移植入病人体内，我们最多有72个小时。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】意外现场采集的捐献器官被迅速送往医院。‎ The donor organ            at the accident scene and rushed to a hospital.‎ ‎ 31.drop ‎【真题原文】So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient —— please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. (2016 全国I卷阅读C篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】drop常见的意思是“落下，(使)下降”，在本句中的意思为“to stop doing or discussing sth.; to not continue with sth.停止；终止；放弃”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】她直接放弃/停止了所有的事情。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我 14 岁后就没再学德语。‎ I            German (= stopped studying it) when I was 14.‎ ‎32.still ‎【真题原文】They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but  she thought the car was going to explore.  (2016 全国I卷完形填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】still常作为副词，意为“仍然，依旧”，在本句中still为形容词，意思为“ staying in the same position; not moving 静止的；不动的，安静的”。sit/stand/stay still 意为“坐着／站着／静着不动”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】 他们告诉她待在那里不要动，等紧急救援人员到来，但是她认为这辆车快要爆炸了。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】小孩子很难长时间坐着不动。‎ Children find it difficult to            for very long.‎ ‎33.call ‎【真题原文】One thing is certain ——Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! (2016 全国I卷完形填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】call既可作为名词，也可作为动词，意为“打电话，呼叫”，在本句中call为名词，意思为“ request/demand请求，要求”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】 有一件事是确定无疑的，那就是拉里靠近正在燃烧的车辆(救火)的做法远超越他的职责要求。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】每天放学后这位老师都帮助学生复习功课，尽管这不属于他的职责要求。‎ The teacher helped students after school every day, even though it was                     .‎ ‎34.switch ‎【真题原文】The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum —— she never suspects.(2016 全国I卷语法填空)‎ ‎【词义解释】switch常见的意思为“开关，转换”，在本句中switch为动词，意思为“ replace one thing with another, or exchange things交换; 调换”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】 (熊猫)保育队每隔几天就把他和他的双胞胎姐姐进行交换，这样当一只熊猫宝宝被人工饲养的时候，另外一只则由熊猫妈妈照顾——她从未怀疑过。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】要是把我的杯子跟她的换了,你认为她看得出来吗？‎ Do you think she’ll notice if I            my glass with hers?‎ ‎35.live ‎【真题原文】We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. (2016 全国I卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】live作为动词，常见的意思为“居住，活着”，作为形容词时，常见的意思为“活的”，在本句中live为形容词，意思为“ (of a performance表演) given or made when people are watching, not recorded现场演出的”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我们将会带上你去参加一个晚会，那有来自当地最棒的乐团的现场演出的摇滚乐和流行音乐表演。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的。‎ A            band is always a good draw at a party.‎ ‎36.book ‎【真题原文】‎ ‎①Book early to get a table. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎②Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book.(2015 全国I卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】 book常用作名词，意为“书”，book在本句中为动词，意思为“to arrange to have a hotel room  or a ticket etc. or use it at a particular time订，预订（旅馆房间、票等）”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】①(你需要)提前预定才能订上座位。‎ ‎②入场费按正常收费，你不需要预定。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】劳丽透露她昨晚已为自己预订了返家的机票。‎ Laurie revealed she             herself a flight home last night.‎ ‎37.shoot ‎【真题原文】In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.(2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】 shoot常见的意思为“射击”，在本句中shoot的意思为“to make a film/movie or ‎ photograph of something拍摄；摄影”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】事实上，这些照片是在1914年到1916年之间被拍摄出来的，其中的大部分照片都经历了一次毁灭性的海难，而这些拍摄者没有合情理的生还的可能。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】这部电影是在印度南部实地拍摄的。 ‎ The film             on location in Southern India.‎ ‎38.respect＆approach ‎【真题原文】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.(2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)‎ ‎【词义解释】 respect既可作为名词，也可用作动词，常见的意思为“尊重，尊敬”，在本句中为with respect to固定搭配，意为“concerning关于；就……而言”；approach常见的意思为“接近，靠近”，在本句中approach意为“to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude(以某种方式或态度)对付，处理”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】它始于窥探自己的内心，弄明白就自然世界而言你是谁，并且你要知道如何处理园艺工作流程。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】 ‎ ‎①这将会引起很多有关环境污染方面的问题。‎ It’s going to raise a lot of problems               atmosphere pollution. ‎ ‎②处理这个问题也许可以用一种不同的方式。‎ It might be possible to            the problem in a different way.‎ ‎39.matter ‎【真题原文】It’s our experience of the garden that matters——how being in those gardens made us feel. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)‎ ‎【词义解释】 matter常见作为名词，意为“问题，事情”，在本句中为matter为动词，意为“to be important or have an important effect on sb. / sth. 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我们对于花园的体验才是最重要的——在花园里会使我们产生怎样的感觉。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】你幸福就行了，这才是最重要的。‎ As long as you’re happy, that’s all that           . ‎ ‎40.figure ‎【真题原文】‎ ‎①Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷完形填空)‎ ‎②Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. (2016 全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇)‎ ‎③Your house may have an effect on your figure.(2015 全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】figure常见作为名词，意为“数字；画像；图表”，在第一个例句中为figure out固定搭配，意为“to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought 弄懂；弄明白；想出”；在第二和第三个例句中，figure意为“the shape of a body体形，身材”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】①坐回到车里，在直奔去机场的路上，我终于想明白了。‎ ‎②韦尔蒂坐在沙发上，身材纤瘦，穿着朴素的灰白色衣服，很高兴地解释着。‎ ‎③你的房子或许会对你的体形产生影响。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①我弄不明白他为什么要那么做。‎ I can’t            why he did it.‎ ‎②如果不多加注意，你就会失去女孩般的苗条身段。‎ You’ll lose your girlish            if you don’t watch out.‎ ‎41.season ‎【真题原文】‎ ‎①The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.(2016 全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎②First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调味). (2016 全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解七选五)‎ ‎【词义解释】season常见作为名词，意为“季节”，在第一个例句中season为名词，意为“ a period when a set of programmes, plays or musical events are broadcast or performed （一组节目、戏剧或音乐活动的）播出期，上演期；演出季”；在第二个例句中season为动词，意为“If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order to improve its flavour. 给……调味;加味于”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】①上演期从六月到八月，在三月和九月有额外表演。‎ ‎②首先，将鱼清理干净，并用相应的调料将其调味。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①下周,这部剧将在伦敦开始第二轮演出。‎ The play opens for a second            in London next week. ‎ ‎②我认为在把食物端上餐桌前应该先调味。‎ I believe in            food before putting it on the table.‎ ‎42.review ‎【真题原文】Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts andreviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. (2016 全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】review常见作为动词，意为“回顾，反思”，在本句中review为名词，意为“a report in a newspaper, magazine, or programme that gives an opinion about a new book, film, etc 评论”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】研究者们分析了口碑传播方式——电子邮件、帖子、评论及面对面的交谈——发现它更倾向于积极而不是消极，但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢积极的消息。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】德里克为报纸写影／剧／书评。‎ Derek writes                 for the newspapers.‎ ‎43.serve ‎【真题原文】Then, it’s ready to serve. (2016 全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解七选五)‎ ‎【词义解释】serve常见作为动词，意为“招待（顾客等）,服务”，在本句中serve意为“offer (food, drinks, a meal, ect.) for eating and drinking提供、端上(饭菜，食物）”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】然后，现在准备上菜了。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】我们开饭吧。谁来上菜呢？‎ Let’s start the meal. Who is going to           ?‎ ‎44. last ‎【真题原文】‎ ‎① I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (2016 全国III卷完形填空) ‎ ‎② Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. (2015 全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】last 为形容词，常见的意思是“最后的”。在第一个句子中last的意思是“You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or ‎ unlikely.最不想要的；最不可能的”；在第二个句子中last为动词，意为“to continue for a particular length of time持续”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】‎ ‎①我确定我是这个世界上他最不想接受帮助的人。‎ ‎②开始记录（用餐）时间吧，尽量让正餐的时间持续至少三十分钟。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎①他是最不可能干这种事情的人。‎ He would be the            person who would do such a thing.‎ ‎②炎热的天气在六月份持续了整整一个月。‎ The hot weather            for the whole month of June.‎ ‎45.talk ‎【真题原文】Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.(2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】 talk常见作为动词，意为“谈话，交谈”，在本句中为talk为名词，意为“a speech given to a group of people to teach or tell them about a particular subject演讲；讲座”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我们每月一次的讲座在每月的第一个星期四的晚上七点半举办，八月除外。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】他就他的美国之行举办了一个讲座。‎ He               about/on his visit to America.‎ ‎46.well ‎【真题原文】Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew. (2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解A篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】 well常见作为副词，意为“好；对；令人满意地”。在第一句话中well为副词，意为“a lot, or to a great degree大大地; 远远地”，well before为固定搭配，意为“很久以前”；在第二句话中well为名词，意为“ a deep hole in the ground from which people take water井”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】在冰柜出现之前，对冰块在食物的保存和饮食方面有需求量。马尔科姆将会解说引进天然冰块的历史，建造冰井的技术以及伦敦的冰块贸易是如何发展的。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】他们到达时早过了12 点。‎ It was            after 12 o’clock when they arrived.‎ ‎47.terribly ‎【真题原文】The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”. (2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇)‎ ‎【词义解释】 terribly常见的意思为“可怕地; 骇人地”。在本句中terribly意为“ very 很，非常”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】寒冷的东北地区从来不是度过今年冬天的极其有趣的地方，所以当有机会去佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔度过周末时，在你说出“阳光”之前我就将行李打包好了。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】上周六没有见到你，她感到非常遗憾。‎ She              not to have seen you last Saturday.‎ ‎48.home＆stand ‎【真题原文】But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. (2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇) ‎ ‎【词义解释】 home常见作为名词和副词，意为“(在)家”。在本句中home为动词，意为“to aim at sth. and move straight towards it朝向, 移向,导向(目标)”。home in on sth.为固定搭配，意为“对准并靠近(某事物或地方)”；stand常见意为“站立”，在此处为名词，意为“a table or small structure ‎ used for selling or showing things 货摊，摊位”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】但是迟疑之中，我还是走向了布朗的格鲁夫农场摊位的一张桌子，上面摆满了新鲜的、柔软的、和我拳头一般大小的西红柿。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】蝙蝠能凭借某种“雷达”对准昆虫飞去。‎ The bat can              insects using a kind of “radar”.‎ ‎49.draw ‎【真题原文】The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限).(2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇) ‎ ‎【词义解释】 draw常见的意思为“画，绘画”。在本句中draw意为“to attract attention or interest 吸引，引起（兴趣、注意）。‎ ‎【参考翻译】这次展览展示了达利如何在两个无限之间吸引观看者。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】他很擅长演讲，总能吸引大批的听众。 ‎ He’s an excellent speaker who always            a crowd.‎ ‎50.some ‎【真题原文】The customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session — are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论). (2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D篇) ‎ ‎【词义解释】 some常见的意思为“一些，有些”。在本句中some放在数字前，意为“used before a number to mean approximately; about大约”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】顾客们——大约30位每个时段只付不到两美元(包含酒水)的巴黎人——很快就高谈阔论起来。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】有大约三十个参加葬礼的人。 ‎ There are              who attended the funeral.‎ ‎51.regular ‎【真题原文】“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. (2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D篇) ‎ ‎【词义解释】regular常见作为形容词，意为“有规律的，定期的”。在本句中regular为名词，意为“a customer who often goes to a particular shop / store, pub, restaurant, etc.常客”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】“在巴黎，人们对交流有着强烈的需求，”La Chope咖啡店的一位常客莫里斯•弗里希说到，他是附近一座教堂的宗教导师。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】他是玫瑰王冠酒吧馆的常客之一。‎ He’s one of the            at the Rose and Crown pub.‎ ‎52.relative ‎【真题原文】I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. (2015 全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇) ‎ ‎【词义解释】relative常见作为形容词，意为“有关的，相关的”。在本句中relative为名词，意为“a member of your family家人; 亲属，亲戚”。‎ ‎【参考翻译】我让我的亲戚在我生日时给我钱而不是很多不合身的衣服。‎ ‎【小试牛刀】她所有的近亲／远亲都来参加她的婚礼了。‎ All her              came to the wedding.‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. pick up ‎2. feed your mind ‎3. specials ‎4. never work ‎5. carrier/nest ‎6. anchored ‎7.①is/was resting；②the rest of the money ‎8. production ‎9. stand up ‎10. dig into ‎11. deal ‎12. put down ‎13. sat ‎14. complexes ‎15. double duty ‎16. are designed ‎17. average ‎18. updates ‎19. allow ‎20. delicious ‎21.①were monitoring；②pack ‎22. about ‎23. been addressed ‎24.①at a constant temperature；②was fined ‎25. full of life ‎26. offer ‎27. kick off ‎28. land herself in big trouble ‎29. raise ‎30. is/was harvested ‎31. dropped ‎32. sit still ‎33. above and beyond the call of duty ‎34. switch ‎ ‎35. live ‎36. had booked ‎37. was shot ‎38.①with respect to；②approach ‎39. matters ‎40.①figure out；②figure ‎41. ①season；②seasoning ‎42. film/theatre/book reviews ‎43. serve ‎44.①last；②lasted ‎45. gave a talk ‎ ‎46. well ‎47. was terribly sorry ‎48. home in on ‎49. draws ‎50. some thirty people ‎51. regulars ‎52. close/distant relatives