高考英语全程训练计划专练4 词句猜测题

高考英语全程训练计划专练4 词句猜测题

专练(四)　词句猜测题 强化训练1—— A ‎(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中协作校高三下学期第三次联考)‎ Best friends may be priceless but the cost of keeping the relationship alive is ￡23,870.‎ According to a study，a BFF(Best Friend Forever)does not come cheap with devoted pals blowing￡4,679 on birthday presents alone over a lifetime.And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on，bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品)to get their mate through a rocky patch(艰难时刻)like the breakup of a relationship.‎ There's a further ￡242 spent on presents to show how much they mean from gifts bought on holiday to treats for no reason.And distance does not break up a close friendship as BFFs spend a whopping(巨大的)￡18, 000 on travel to see each other despite being miles apart because of university，jobs and marriage.‎ The study by cashback site TopCashBack found on average BFFs who wed can expect￡431 spent on them and a further ￡283 on gifts when they have children.And they can rely on their pals to help out when they move house as they will obtain ￡127 worth of housewarming presents and takeaways as well as putting in a shift with the packing and unpacking.‎ The survey based on a friendship lasting 40 years found more than eight in ten adults with a BFF felt their friendships were worth every penny.‎ TopCashBack spokesperson Natasha Smith said，“Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives.However，they come at a cost.From train tickets once a month to flights and a new dress for a wedding on the Italian coast，the price paid for having a best mate can soon add up.But when we asked people to compare their friendship with the monetary investment，only 14% thought their friendship was equal to their investment with the vast majority thinking it was worth more.”‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Ambitious.　　　　　　B．Generous.‎ C．Troublesome. D．Energetic.‎ ‎2．To keep the relationship，where do BFFs spend most money?‎ A．Buying birthday presents.‎ B．Cheering up a friend in low spirits.‎ C．Paying for holiday gifts and other treats.‎ D．Going a particular distance to visit friends.‎ ‎3．What is Natasha's understanding of BFF friendship?‎ A．It's costly and unaffordable.‎ B．It's expensive but worthwhile.‎ C．It's rewarding but hard to keep.‎ D．It's changeable but worth possessing.‎ ‎4．How is the passage developed?‎ A．By listing figures. ‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By analyzing causes. ‎ D．By making comparisons.‎ ‎【解题导语】最好的朋友也许是无价的，但维持一段友谊却是高价的。那么你知道维持一段友谊需要多少钱吗？一项研究给出了答案。‎ ‎【难句分析】And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on，bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品)to get their mate through a rocky patch(艰难时刻)like the breakup of a relationship.‎ 分析：本句为复合句。while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on为让步状语从句。主句为bighearted Britons go the extra mile...relationship。‎ 译文：虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠不需要花费什么，但是慷慨大方的英国人会为朋友付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买能令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。‎ ‎1．B　考查词义猜测。画线部分后的“go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品)to get their mate through a rocky patch(艰难时刻)like the breakup of a relationship”就是对它的进一步说明。此处指虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠并不需要花费什么，但是英国人会为朋友付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。画线部分的意思应该是“慷慨的”，故选B。‎ ‎2．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“blowing ￡4, 679 on birthday presents”“spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品)”以及第三段中的“￡242 spent on presents...from gifts bought on holiday to treats...”“spend a whopping(巨大的)￡18, 000 on travel to see each ‎ other”可知，为了维持一段友谊，花在旅途中的费用是最多的，所以选D。‎ ‎3．B　考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives.However，they come at a cost”可知， Natasha认为，经受得起时间考验的友谊通常是我们人生中最重要的东西，但那是要付出成本的。也就是说与一生的挚友的友谊很贵但很值得。所以选B。‎ ‎4．A　考查写作手法。根据文中的“￡‎23,870”‎“￡‎4,679”‎“￡‎168”‎“￡‎242”‎“￡‎18,000”‎等数据可知，本文作者是通过列数据的方法来行文的，故选A。‎ B ‎(2019～2019·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考)‎ Animals use many tricks to hide from predators(捕食性动物)．While different，they are all visual animals.Now scientists have uncovered a fish species that uses both visual and chemical disguise(伪装)．Rohan Brooker, one of the researchers who made the discovery said that he first thought of the idea after reading about a species which takes on the smell of the plant that it eats.Thus，its predators，ants walk right over it.Since Harlequin Filefish are picky eaters that feed totally off the Acropora—a beautiful species of blue/purple coral，Brooker theorized that they too may be using a similar trick to fool their predators.‎ To test his theory，Brooker's team acquired some filefish from the Great Barrier Reef and divided them into two groups.For the next four weeks，one group fed on their normal diet of the Acropora coral，while the other fed on the Pocillopora coral.In order to test if there was any difference in the way they smelled，the researchers did another experiment.They found the smells from the two groups were different.But there was still a question of whether the smell was strong enough to protect the fish from their natural predators.‎ To test that，Brooker's team added a predatory species of cod(鳕鱼)to the mix.Sure enough，the cod that were placed in the tank containing the fish fed on the Pocillopora coral were immediately able to sense them.In contrast，the cod in the tank where the fish had been fed on their natural diet—the Acropora coral，appeared oblivious to their existence and instead spent much of their time inside the tank's caves.This confirmed the team's suspicion that the filefish have figured out how to give off the smell of the Acropora coral to avoid being detected by predators.‎ While the smellbased disguise had been previously observed in some species of fresh water，this study was the first to prove that the fish's ‎ diet was the source of this disguise.Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals.Sure it gives a whole new meaning to the saying—“You are what you eat！”‎ ‎5．The underlined word “oblivious” in Paragraph 3 may mean “________”．‎ A．ignorant B．sensitive C．allergic D．cautious ‎6．What statement may Brooker agree to?‎ A．Freshwater fish all know the role of smell.‎ B．Sea animals use smell to cheat their enemies.‎ C．The smellbased disguise may work occasionally.‎ D．Humans are really what kind of fish they eat.‎ ‎7．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．A way to fight against predators.‎ B．A smell trick of all sea animals.‎ C．A fish smells like the coral.‎ D．Filefish in the Great Barrier Reef.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于Harlequin Filefish如何通过自身的伪装来抵御捕食性动物的研究。‎ ‎【难句分析】Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals.‎ 分析：本句包含Though引导的让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句。‎ 译文：尽管这个理论只在Harlequin Filefish身上得到验证，但Brooker猜想这种类型的化学伪装在海洋动物身上是相当普遍的。‎ ‎5．A　考查词义猜测。根据该词前面的描述及后面的“and instead spent much of their time inside the tank's caves”可知，此处为这些鳕鱼对于以the Acropora coral为食的鱼的存在看起来是不知道的。ignorant“不知道的，愚昧的”；sensitive“敏感的”；allergic“过敏的”；cautious“谨慎的”。‎ ‎6．B　考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals”可知，Brooker赞同的是海洋动物通过气味来欺骗它们的敌人。根据最后一段第一句中的“While the smellbased...in some species of fresh water”可排除A；根据最后一段第二句中的“Brooker suspects that this kind of ‎ chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals”可排除C；根据最后一段第三句“Sure it gives a whole new meaning to the saying—‘You are what you eat！’”可知，该句中的“You”指的不是人类，故排除D。‎ ‎7．A　考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Animals use many tricks to hide from predators(捕食性动物)”和“Brooker theorized that they too may be using a similar trick to fool their predators”可知，本文主要介绍了抵御捕食性动物的一种方法，故A项符合题意。‎ C ‎(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)‎ The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl，yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards.When somebody asks her，“How do you hear？” She responds，“How do you hear？Is it only with your ears？” For Glennie，and for us too，listening is not only hearing，but is understanding.We need to listen to what is said and unsaid，and also how it is said.‎ It's important to hear what people say accurately.As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug(萤火虫)．”If you miss something or you're not sure you've heard accurately，ask the speakers.At this point you're not evaluating what they say，but just looking for accuracy and understanding.Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and don't say.Why are they saying this now，instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points，instead of something else?‎ Listen to how it is said.People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say.While going through the next points，think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss.and see if any of these signals might come up.First，voices.When others speak，notice changes in their volume, pace，and tone.Second，body language.Notice gestures，eye contact，and facial expressions.Do these sync what they are saying，or do they tell a different story？Third，emotions.What is the person true feeling？Now you might not know for sure，but be considerate，open to understanding，and ask thoughtful questions.‎ ‎8．What's the writer's purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?‎ A．To give an example of wise words.‎ B．To introduce a worldfamous musician.‎ C．To help explain the meaning of listening.‎ D．To encourage us to fight against disability.‎ ‎9．What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?‎ A．It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.‎ B．People should know words can be used in many different ways.‎ C．English is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.‎ D．The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “sync” probably mean?‎ A．Match. B．Prove.‎ C．Describe. D．Analyze.‎ ‎11．Which is the best title of this passage?‎ A．Speak While You Listen B．Listen Beyond Words C．Read Between Lines D．Think as You Talk ‎【解题导语】本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。‎ ‎8．C　考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing，but is understanding”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。‎ ‎9．D　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It's important to hear what people say accurately”和“At this point you're not evaluating what they say，but just looking for accuracy and understanding”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。‎ ‎10．A　考查词义猜测。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact，and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。‎ ‎11．B　考查标题判断。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。‎ 强化训练2—— A ‎(2019～2019·郑州一中上学期高三入学测试)‎ You might make a disgusted face when you notice that the person waiting in their car at the red light next to you is picking their nose，but ‎ admit it，you do it too.And while it might be the natural option when there isn't a box of tissues around，it can be bad for you.The main reasons why people feel the need to pick their nose are to clear it of dried liquid，stop an itch(痒)，or just because it feels good.Boogers(鼻屎)form when dried liquid and cilium，the tiny hairs that line the nostrils(鼻孔)，trap the dust，dirt，and other things.When boogers build up in your nose，it can be uncomfortable，and sometimes just blowing them into a tissue doesn't do_the_trick.‎ Otolaryngologist Erich P．Voigt，MD，told Business Insider that picking your nose can cause injuries and bleeding within your nostrils.That's not terribly damaging，but when the bacteria from your hands get into your body，it can cause a cold.So doctors strongly suggest not picking the nose.‎ If dry winter air is causing the dirty liquid to harden in your nostrils，making you want to pick，consider damping the air at home，or taking a steam shower to soften things up in there.‎ Children，who are most famous for having a finger in their nose，sometimes don't realize how much injury they're causing，and sometimes it can lead to nose bleeding.‎ So，next time you go to pick your nose，think about how many bacteria are on your hands and in your boogers，and maybe reach for a tissue instead.Even if you're alone，and not waiting for the light to turn green，please，use a tissue.‎ ‎1．Why do people pick their nose?‎ A．Because they want to disgust others.‎ B．Because they have the need to do it.‎ C．Because they have nothing else to do.‎ D．Because they don't have tissues around.‎ ‎2．Which of the following can replace the underlined part“do the trick”in Paragraph 1?‎ A．act B．cheat C．play D．help ‎3．Which can help people avoid a cold and flu according to the text?‎ A．Stopping picking the nose.‎ B．Using tissues regularly.‎ C．Taking a shower every day.‎ D．Keeping the air wet at home.‎ ‎4．What should you do when you have to pick your nose?‎ A．Be careful not to cause bleeding.‎ B．Use a tissue instead of bare fingers.‎ C．Wait for the light to turn red if you are driving.‎ D．Wash your hands and clear your fingernails.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要分析了人们抠鼻子的原因以及抠鼻子所带来的不良后果，并呼吁人们需要时用纸巾而不是用手指抠鼻子。‎ ‎【难句分析】Children，who are most famous for having a finger in their nose，sometimes don't realize how much injury they're causing，and sometimes it can lead to nose bleeding.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Children；and连接两个并列的分句。‎ 译文：那些经常用手指抠鼻子的孩子有时候并没有意识到他们这样做会造成多大的伤害，有时候这样做会导致鼻子流血。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“The main reasons why people feel the need to pick their nose are to clear it of dried liquid，stop an itch(痒)，or just because it feels good”可知，人们抠鼻子的原因是他们认为有必要这样做，故选B。‎ ‎2．D　考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句中的“When boogers build up in your nose，it can be uncomfortable”可推知，鼻屎堵住鼻子的话，有时候擤鼻子并没有用。help意为“减轻，改善”，符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎3．A　考查推理判断。根据第二段最后两句“That's not terribly damaging, but when the bacteria from your hands get into your body，it can cause a cold.So doctors strongly suggest not picking the nose”可推知，抠鼻子有可能引起细菌感染，让人感冒，因此医生强烈建议不要抠鼻子，故选A。‎ ‎4．B　考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段第一句“So，next time you go to pick your nose，think about how many bacteria are on your hands and in your boogers，and maybe reach for a tissue instead”可知，下次要抠鼻子的话，不要直接用手指，而是用纸巾。‎ B ‎(2019·山东省实验中学高三第一次模拟考试)‎ Ivanka Trump，daughter of US President Donald Trump，has been given her own West Wing office，confirming her position as a key member of her father's White House team.‎ When she moved to Washington earlier this year，Ivanka said she would not be playing a formal role in the administration.‎ However，it was confirmed that the first daughter now has a West Wing office next to senior adviser Dina Powell，who serves on the National Security Council.‎ Ivanka will get access to classified information and be given security clearance.‎ Ivanka has been a very visible presence during Trump's first two months in the White House，participating in meetings with Shinzo Abe，the Japanese prime minister，Justin Trudeau，the Canadian prime minister，and Angela Merkel，the German chancellor.‎ Her regular presence has raised_eyebrows because she has no official position.‎ Jamie Gorelick，a lawyer and ethics adviser for Ivanka，detailed her new privileges and said she would follow the ethics rules that apply to government employees.‎ ‎5．Where is this passage likely to be read?‎ A．Magazine. B．Journal.‎ C．Newspaper. D．Document.‎ ‎6．How long has Ivanka been working in the White House?‎ A．Since the beginning of this year.‎ B．Since two months ago.‎ C．Since Trump came to power.‎ D．Since she was appointed.‎ ‎7．Who works together with Ivanka in the White House?‎ A．Dina Powell. B．Shinzo Abe.‎ C．Justin Trudeau. D．Angela Merkel.‎ ‎8．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “raised eyebrows”？‎ A．Drawn attention. B．Caused surprise.‎ C．Brought anger. D．Made argument.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，美国第一千金Ivanka Trump在白宫设立办公室，这确定了她在特朗普白宫团队中的关键地位。‎ 长难句分析：However, it was confirmed that the first daughter now has a West Wing office next to senior adviser Dina Powell，who serves on the National Security Council.(第三段)‎ 分析：本句是复合句。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；that引导的从句含有who引导的非限制定语从句，先行词是Dina Powell。‎ 译文：不过，Ivanka在白宫西厢拥有一间办公室，这一消息已得到证实，她的隔壁是国家安全委员会高级顾问Dina Powell。‎ 词汇积累：adviser n．顾问，劝告者　confirm v．证实，确认　get access to获得，接近，可以使用 ‎5．C　考查文章出处。本文讲述了美国第一千金Ivanka ‎ Trump在白宫设立办公室，这确定了她在特朗普白宫团队中的关键地位。故可推测这篇文章可能来自于报纸。故选C项。‎ ‎6．C　考查推理判断。Ivanka has been a very visible presence during Trump's first two months in the White House，participating in meetings with Shinzo Abe，the Japanese prime minister, Justin Trudeau，the Canadian prime minister，and Angela Merkel, the German chancellor.(倒数第三段)‎ 译文：在特朗普在白宫就职后的前两个月里，Ivanka的存在感一直很高，她出席了特朗普与日本首相Shinzo Abe的会晤、特朗普与加拿大总理Justin Trudeau的会晤以及特朗普与德国总理Angela Merkel的会晤。‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可知，Ivanka在特朗普执政初期就参与了与各国国家领导人的会晤；由此可推知，Ivanka在特朗普上台执政后就在白宫工作了。故选C项。‎ ‎7．A　考查细节理解。However, it was confirmed that the first daughter now has a West Wing office next to senior adviser Dina Powell，who serves on the National Security Council.(第三段)‎ 译文：不过，Ivanka在白宫西厢拥有一间办公室，这一消息已得到证实。她的隔壁是国家安全委员会高级顾问Dina Powell。‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可知，Ivanka和Dina Powell在一起工作。故选A项。‎ ‎8．B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“because she has no official position”可知，此处指因为Ivanka没有官职却经常亮相使公众感到惊讶。故选B项。‎ C ‎(2019·陕西省高三教学质量检测试题一)‎ Many people have bought insurance，either life or property(财产)，commercial or compulsory.Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function.‎ Insurance is the sharing of risks.Nearly everyone is exposed to a risk of some sort.The house owner，for example，knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea.If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.In other words，the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many.This is the basis of insurance.Those who pay the contribution are known as the insured and those who manage ‎ the_pool_of_contributions_as insurers.‎ The legal basis of all insurance is the policy.This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality.It states that every year the insured shall pay an amount of money，which is called the premium；in return，the insurer will pay an amount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happens.‎ The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.On the other hand，if they make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business.So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.‎ ‎9．The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means ________.‎ A．money paid by the insurers B．each premium C．money paid by all those insured D．the cost of administering insurance ‎10．Insurance premiums do not become too high because ________.‎ A．not many people insure themselves B．premiums depend on the risk of losses C．insurers have to be more competitive D．insurance companies can never lose money ‎11．According to the passage，insurance business gains profit because ________.‎ A．more and more people buy insurance B．the firms have sound management C．the premium is increased year by year D．only a few of those insured suffer losses ‎12．The purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．explain an insurance policy B．introduce insurance business C．persuade people to be insured D．warn people of possible losses ‎【解题导语】本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一段：许多人买保险，但一些人对其知之甚少并有误解。‎ 第二段：介绍保险的本质。‎ 第三段：保险的合法形式——保单。‎ 第四段：确定保险费的依据。‎ ‎【难句分析】The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。how引导宾语从句，as引导了一个省略了主语和部分谓语的状语从句，补充完整应该是：as it is suggested by past experience。‎ 译文：保险费(的确定)自然取决于风险发生的可能性，正如过去的经验所显示的那样。‎ ‎9．C　考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”可推知，the pool of contributions表示投保人所投的钱。A项错在paid，根据第二段的“who manage the pool of contributions as insurers”可知，这部分钱是由承保人来经营管理的；B项错在每一笔保险费，与语境pool不符；D项表示管理保险的成本，文章中并没有提到，故排除。‎ ‎10．C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business”可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能会失去业务，故选C。‎ ‎11．D　考查推理判断。根据第二段的“On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea”“enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”和“the losses of the few”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。A项表示越来越多的人买保险，文章只提到许多人买保险，并没有提到投保人增加的趋势；B项表示公司的经营很好，文章中并没有提到；C项错在保险费逐年增加，文章中并没有提到，故排除。‎ ‎12．B　考查写作意图。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍的是保险业务，故选B。A项错在介绍保单，只在第三段提及；C项错在劝说人们购买保险，本文作者对保险进行了客观的介绍，并没有劝说之意；D项只是本文中所提到的一点，并不是本文的写作目的，故排除。‎ 强化训练3—— A ‎(2019·石家庄市高中毕业班第二次模拟考试试卷)‎ It is certainly newsworthy that Julia is the first new Muppet (提线木偶)in a decade in Sesame Street, a TV program for children，but that is not the only thing that makes her special.The cheery , greeneyed ‎ ‎4yearold, who has autism(自闭症)，is also here to expose young kids to those with autism and teach them about acceptance.‎ The creators decided to bring the Muppet on air so that she would be able to reach millions more kids and families.However，as autism looks different in everyone，it can be hard to introduce such a character properly.Sesame Workshop consulted over 250 educators，psychologists，and autism organizations.‎ In Julia's first episode，viewers observe common problems with kids who suffer autism and similar disorders.For example，when the other Muppets want to play hideandseek，Julia starts jumping up and down with excitement.Instead of laughing at her or correcting her，the group of Muppets start jumping with her and it becomes a new game.And when Julia first meets Big Bird，another Muppet，she ignores him.At first，Big Bird is hurt，but he learns that it doesn't mean she dislikes him—she just communicates with strangers in a different way.‎ Julia was an instant hit.Families quickly connect with the little redhaired girl.Sherrie Westin，an executive vice president at Sesame Workshop，says her favorite feedback came from a mother，who used Julia to explain to her autistic daughter what the condition meant, inspiring the daughter to say，“So I'm amazing too，right？”‎ Autism affects ‎1 in 68 children in the United States and scores more worldwide.Hopefully，by watching Julia，kids will see that everyone should be treated equally and appreciated.‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．Sesame Street's Muppets.‎ B．Young kids.‎ C．Children with autism.‎ D．The creators of Julia.‎ ‎2．Why did Sesame Workshop consult many experts?‎ A．To make the new Muppet entertaining.‎ B．To get their advice on the cure for autism.‎ C．To make autism better known through Julia.‎ D．To make more money through the TV program.‎ ‎3．How do the other Muppets react to Julia's behavior in the game?‎ A．They follow her.　　B．They ignore her.‎ C．They correct her. D．They laugh at her.‎ ‎4．Why did the author mention the mother and her autistic daughter?‎ A．To make Sesame Street popular.‎ B．To help people with autism.‎ C．To show the influence of Julia.‎ D．To draw public attention to them.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国电视节目《芝麻街》中出现的新的提线木偶Julia。‎ ‎【难句分析】Sherrie Westin，an executive vice president at Sesame Workshop，says her favorite feedback came from a mother，who used Julia to explain to her autistic daughter what the condition meant，inspiring the daughter to say，“So I'm amazing too，right？”‎ 分析：这是一个复合句。says后面是宾语从句；在该从句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a mother，在从句中充当主语；what引导名词性从句，从句充当explain的宾语，what同时又在从句中充当meant的宾语；最后的现在分词短语充当状语。‎ 译文：芝麻街工作室的执行副总裁Sherrie Westin说她最喜欢的反馈来自于一位母亲，这位母亲用Julia向她患有自闭症的女儿解释了这种状况意味着什么，激励着女儿说出“所以我也非常棒，是吗？”‎ ‎1．B　考查代词指代。分析画线词所在句的结构可以看出，这里and连接了两个并列结构“expose young kids to those with autism”和“teach them about acceptance”；根据语境可知，画线词“them”指的就是前面的“young kids”，故选B项。‎ ‎2．C　考查推理判断。根据文章第一段中的“The cheery, greeneyed 4yearold，who has autism(自闭症)，is also here to expose young kids to those with autism and teach them about acceptance”和第二段中的“as autism looks different in everyone，it can be hard to introduce such a character properly”可知，提线木偶Julia的创作机构Sesame Workshop创作这个形象是想让孩子们接触患有自闭症的孩子并接受他们，但由于自闭症在每个人身上的表现看起来都不同，很难对一个这样的形象进行适当的介绍，为了更好地使人们通过Julia了解自闭症，Sesame Workshop咨询了很多专家，故选C项。A项的意思是为了使这个新的提线木偶显得有趣，文中没有提及；B项讲的是就治疗自闭症寻求建议，不符合文意；D项讲的是通过电视节目赚更多的钱，文中没有提到。‎ ‎3．A　考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Instead of laughing at her or correcting her，the group of Muppets start jumping with her and it becomes a new game”可知，别的木偶没有嘲笑和纠正她，而是开始和她一起跳，故选A项。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。作者提及那位母亲和她患有自闭症的女儿的例子是为了支持本段的主题句“Julia was an instant hit”‎ ‎，说明Julia一炮而红，影响很大，故选C项。‎ B ‎(2019·青岛市高考模拟检测)‎ Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans.A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish.And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.”‎ The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres，the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic，Indian，and Pacific Oceans，home of what some have called a plastic island.“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water.And in some parts of the oceans，scientists have found more plastic than plant.”‎ The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.“There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets(磁铁)．These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic，and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last.‎ China，Indonesia，the Philippines，Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters.The United States，although a leader in recycling，is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic.There are efforts around the world to address the problem，including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩)．But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on singleuse plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.‎ ‎5．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．There's an island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.‎ B．The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.‎ C．The United States is the least plastic polluters.‎ D．The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.‎ B．The plastic particles.‎ C．Seafood.‎ D．Fatty tissues.‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.‎ B．The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.‎ C．Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem.‎ D．People should stop using plastic products immediately.‎ ‎8．Which may be the title of the passage?‎ A．Plastic pollution in the World B．Plastic pollution—Oceans' Disaster C．Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans D．Plastic pollution and our health ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料垃圾对海洋的严重破坏。‎ 长难句分析：The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.(第三段第一句)‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。where引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词microscopic level。‎ 译文：塑料垃圾碎片会影响食物链，这种影响有时明显，但更多的还是反映在微观层面上，塑料微粒在这个层面上与其他污染物相互作用。‎ 词汇积累：disaster n．灾难　document v．记载　poisonous adj.有毒的　substance n．物质　tissue n．组织 ‎5．D　考查推理判断。　...what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.”(第一段最后两句)‎ 译文：……我们所看到的只是问题的一小部分。“实际上有一半的垃圾都沉入了海底，另一些残留在表面上的实际上已经分解掉了。”‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可推断出，海洋中的塑料垃圾远比我们看到的要严重得多。根据第二段第二句“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.”可知，A项与原文不符；根据关键句可知，B项与原文不符；根据最后一段第二句中的“one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic”‎ 可知，C项与原文不符。故选D。‎ ‎6．B　考查指代判断。These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.(第三段第三句)‎ 译文：这些有毒物质会吸附在塑料上，然后当海鲜吸收这些塑料时，有毒物质就会进入它们的脂肪组织。‎ 解题思路：根据画线词上句中的“the plastic particles interact with other pollutants”可知，塑料颗粒可与其他污染物相互作用；结合关键句可知，此处应指塑料颗粒就像磁铁一样，可以将毒素吸附到自己身上，然后带入海鲜体内。由此可推知，it指代上文中的“the plastic particles”，故选B。‎ ‎7．C　考查细节理解。But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on singleuse plastics，straws，plastic cups, plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”(最后一段第四、五句)‎ 译文：但是Andersen称，人们能做的不仅仅是这些。“减少一次性塑料、吸管、塑料杯、塑料水瓶和塑料袋的使用，并找到诸如可再用材料之类的替代品。”‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可推断出，Andersen对目前人们为解决塑料问题所做的努力并不满意，她认为人们可以做得更多。根据最后一段第一句可知，并非所有的亚洲国家都有严重的塑料污染，所以A项与原文不符；根据最后一段第三句可知，如今全世界都在努力解决这一问题，所以B项与原文不符；根据关键句中的“cut back”可知，D项与原文不符。故选C。‎ ‎8．B　考查标题概括。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了塑料污染对海洋的严重破坏。B项概括了文章主旨，最适合做标题。故选B。‎ C ‎(2019·山西名校联考)‎ I cherish being around people who are totally comfortable with who they are.There always seems to be an aura (光环) of love and acceptance that follows these people around.I think it's because they've figured out one of the biggest secrets of life：the chance of being loved and accepted grows so much when we can truly say we couldn't be more comfortable with ourselves.‎ People like being around those who are comfortable with themselves because they're less threatening.We all feel the need to protect ourselves from threats aimed at our insecurities.Insecurities are like open wounds and it hurts when people poke(捅；戳)at them.It can be exhausting to hang ‎ around with folks who constantly poke at us just to gain some kind of external recognition through making everyone else feel smaller.‎ My favorite thing about people who are comfortable with themselves is that they need no external recognition.They have discovered their worth is，by nature，something that cannot be taken away or added to based on what other people think.Ironically enough，this ends up providing comfortable people with more external validation than those who feel they need it most.Because comfortable people's worth comes from within，they see no point in tearing others down.To them，the only sensible way to speak about another is to be positive.‎ I guess when you realize your worth comes from within，you might as well build others up rather than tear them down，since their size is of no threat to your sense of selfworth.Plus，it's a lot more fun to speak love to others and watch their eyes glow than it is to hurt someone's feelings for a cheap laugh，anyway.When we become comfortable with ourselves through fully accepting who we are，we can silence the noise our insecurities make in public situations and enjoy the wonderful reality that unfolds before us.‎ The result is a world with fewer insecurities.To me，that sounds like a better world.‎ ‎9．Which of the following sayings best expresses the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Actions speak louder than words.‎ B．No pains，no gains.‎ C．Luck favors those who are comfortable with who they are.‎ D．Don't claim to know what you don't know.‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word“them” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Insecurities.‎ B．Open wounds.‎ C．People who are comfortable with themselves.‎ D．Threats.‎ ‎11．Why does the author love being around people who are comfortable with themselves?‎ a．Because there will be an aura of love and acceptance that follows these people around.‎ b．Because they are less threatening.‎ c．Because they always have a positive attitude toward others.‎ d．Because the author needs their validation.‎ A．ab. B．abc.‎ C．bc. D．bcd.‎ ‎12．What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To give a vivid description of people who are comfortable with themselves.‎ B．To ask people to make friends with people who are comfortable with themselves.‎ C．To offer some practical advice on how to be a person who is comfortable with himself/ herself.‎ D．To appeal to people to be comfortable with themselves so that we can live in a better world.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要讲述了悦己者高朋满座，光环环绕，总是和颜悦色，宽以待人，不会贬低别人，更容易有好运气。作者希望每个人都能够悦纳自我，排除内心不安的喧嚣，成就美好人生。‎ 长难句分析：I think it's because they've figured out one of the biggest secrets to life：the chance of being loved and accepted grows so much when we can truly say we couldn't be more comfortable with ourselves.‎ 分析：本句为主从复合句。句中because引导表语从句；冒号后的句子是对前面的one of the biggest secrets to life进行解释说明；couldn't be more comfortable with ourselves是“否定词＋比较级”用法，表示最高级含义；chance意为“概率；可能性”；when引导时间状语从句；we couldn't be more comfortable with ourselves为省略引导词that的宾语从句，作say的宾语。‎ 译文：我认为那是因为他们已经弄明白了人生最大的秘密之一：那就是只有当我们最大限度地悦纳自我，被爱和被接受的可能性才会更大。‎ ‎9．C　考查主旨大意。根据文章前三段的首句以及第四段的最后一句When we become comfortable with ourselves through fully accepting who we are，we can silence the noise our insecurities make in public situations and enjoy the wonderful reality that unfolds before us.可知，文章主要谈论了悦纳自我者更容易有好运。故选C项。‎ ‎10．B　考查词义猜测。第二段画线词所在句Insecurities are like open wounds and it hurts when people poke at them.意为“不安全感就像是裸露的伤口，只要人们去触碰就会疼”，由此可知， them指代句子前半部分提到的open wounds。故选B项。‎ ‎11．B　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句There always seems to be an aura of love and acceptance that follows these people around.可知a是原因之一；根据第二段第一句People like being around those who are comfortable with themselves because they're less ‎ threatening.可知b是原因之一；根据文章第三段最后两句Because comfortable people's worth comes from within，they see no point in tearing others down.To them，the only sensible way to speak about another is to be positive.可知c也是原因之一；根据文章第三段前两句可知，悦纳自我者是不需要他人认可的，因此d错误。故选B项。‎ ‎12．D　考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，作者写这篇文章的意图是呼吁读者悦纳自我。只有真正悦纳自我，才能摒除内心不安的喧嚣，享受展现在我们面前的美好世界。故选D项。‎ 强化训练4—— A ‎(2019·山西省省际名校联考)‎ This time last year I entered two longdistance massparticipation swimming events，including the Jubilee River ‎10 km swim.At the last minute，just before both swims，I decided to pull out.The reality is，I live in fear of coming last.‎ Last year，before the two events，I realized that I couldn't deal with coming last.I had looked at the swim times of those who had completed the previous year and calculated that，at my current swim pace，I would probably have come last in both.I just couldn't face it.But when next year came around，I decided to enter those same events again.‎ For a few months，I trained hard，but I didn't get any faster.Then it was June 5，the day of the Jubilee River ‎10 km.The event started at 9：‎30 a．m.，and the swimmers were anxious and eager to start.As I swam along，the river was quiet and clean and everything was peaceful.The sun shone.Meadows(草地)rolled by and every now and then someone would wave at the scene unfolding in the water.‎ As the day wore on，somehow I didn't mind that，predictably，almost everyone was ahead.There were at least some swimmers still near me，and although we shared the same river we quietly occupied our own spaces.As I concentrated on doing my own thing，watching the sky，the bank，the other swimming caps passing or not passing，I realized I was enjoying myself.‎ In the end，four hours and 29 minutes after I'd started，I staggered(摇摇晃晃地走)out of the water and was greeted with a smile and a“well done”from the race organizer.I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish，behind me，out of a field of around 300 swimmers.But it didn't matter.I_was_just_relieved，proud_and_happy_to_finish.‎ As I drove away，my thoughts turned to my next long race of the ‎ season and how much I was looking forward to it，my fears of coming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．‎ ‎1．The author intended to quit swimming mainly because ________.‎ A．she feared that she couldn't finish the two races B．she was afraid that she would let family members down C．she was unwilling to accept the possibility of finishing last D．she wasn't fully prepared for the two races ‎2．The author hopes to convey the message that ________.‎ A．never give up when facing challenges B．it is process that matters most C．failure is the mother of success D．winners always take it all ‎3．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 5?‎ A．She took pride in leaving all the other swimmers behind.‎ B．She was proud that she was not the last one in the race.‎ C．She was glad to finish the race and had a sense of relief.‎ D．She was proud to be praised by the organizer.‎ ‎4．It can be inferred from the end that the author is likely to ________.‎ A．participate in another race without any hesitation B．analyze the reason why she failed in the race C lose confidence completely D．decide whether she is suitable for the race ‎【解题导语】作者通过描述自己参加游泳比赛的经历告诉我们最后一名并不可怕，关键是要学会享受比赛的过程。‎ ‎1．C　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者放弃比赛是因为害怕自己是最后一名。故选C项(她不愿接受成为最后一名的可能性)。‎ ‎2．B　考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，在游泳的过程中，当作者关注自己的事情时，无论别人游得快慢，作者都不介意，并且意识到自己乐在其中。所以作者想要传达给我们的信息是：过程最重要。故选B项。‎ ‎3．C　考查词义猜测。结合前一句But it didn't matter.可知，relieved意为“减轻的；缓和的”，这和C项中的a sense of relief(解脱感)意思相符；proud and happy to finish在句中作伴随状语。该句意为“我只是松了一口气，为自己完成比赛感到骄傲和快乐”。故选C项。‎ 快解：本题可先分析选项，根据C项中的a sense of relief可判断，这是正确选项，该短语与画线句中的relieved为同义表达。‎ ‎4．A　考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的my thoughts turned to my next long race of the season and how much I was looking forward to it可知，作者盼望着参加下一次比赛，故选A项(毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛)。‎ B ‎(2019·山东省实验中学第二次诊断)‎ Space World theme park in the southwestern Japanese city of Kitakyushu has had to close their winter attraction after it froze around 5,000 fish into an ice rink(溜冰场)．‎ The park，which is described as a“theme park all about space”，launched their“Frozen Port”exhibition in an attempt to educate people about marine life as they skated over it.The Aquarium of Ice attracted people to visit by promising a worldfirst(possibly for a reason)experience of“skating across the sea”while looking down on fish，crabs，and a whale shark.‎ But it seems they_got_a_little_out_of_their_depth.Despite reported popularity since it's opening on 12 November,2019，the park received surprising criticism on social media.It could be put down in part to the caption(说明文字)they used when sharing some pictures：“I am d．..d...drowning，s...s...suffocating.”‎ In response，one commenter said the park was“disrespectful of life”，while another said it was displaying a“surprising lack of morality”．Still others urged the company to go out of business.‎ Asked if the theme park thought the“drowning”caption had any issues，Manager Toshimi Takeda replied，“Another employee wrote it，hoping people would find it funny.But I do feel that not enough caution was taken.I apologize.”‎ According to management，the fish were already dead when they bought them，sourced from markets and were chosen because they were unable to be sold.‎ Space World have decided to close the event and are considering holding an“appropriate religious service”once they have melted the rink—which could take over a week.Manager Toshimi Takeda said they have proposed to“hold a memorial service for the fish who worked hard for us”and then reuse them as fertilizer.‎ ‎5．What's the purpose of “Frozen‎ ‎Port” exhibition?‎ A．To encourage people to skate.‎ B．To educate people about sea life.‎ C．To make skating more enjoyable.‎ D．To look after sea animals.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined sentence probably mean?‎ A．The water is not deep enough for the fish.‎ B．The exhibition is well received on social media.‎ C．People's response is out of their expectation.‎ D．The program is not the first one in the world.‎ ‎7．How did Toshimi Takeda feel about the “drowning” caption?‎ A．He felt sorry for the result.‎ B．He took it as a humor.‎ C．He blamed himself for carelessness.‎ D．He was cautious about it.‎ ‎8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．The fish will be set free.‎ B．The theme park will be closed.‎ C．The fish should have been used as fertilizer.‎ D．The fish will be honored in a proper way.‎ ‎【解题导语】日本一家溜冰场因将大约5,000条鱼冻在冰面下而受到公众批评，并因此关闭。‎ 长难句分析：Space World have decided to close the event and are considering holding an“appropriate religious service” once they have melted the rink—which could take over a week.‎ 分析：本句为主从复合句，and连接两个并列分句，once引导时间状语从句，破折号后的which引导定语从句，修饰they have melted the rink整个句子，该从句中take意为“花费”。‎ 译文：太空世界已经决定关闭该项活动，并正在考虑一旦溜冰场融化会举行一个“适当的宗教活动”，溜冰场融化可能会花费一个多星期的时间。‎ ‎5．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句The park，which is described as a“theme park all about space”，launched their“Frozen Port”exhibition in an attempt to educate people about marine life...可知，这个展览的目的是向人们普及海洋生物的知识，故选B项。‎ ‎6．C　考查推理判断。根据Despite reported popularity since it's opening on 12 November,2019，the park received surprising criticism on social media.可知，尽管展览之初受到欢迎，但是在社交媒体上也受到了预料之外的批评，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．A　考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的But I do feel that not enough caution was taken.I apologize.可知，经理Toshimi Takeda对此次事件表示抱歉。故选A项。‎ ‎8．D　考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句中的“hold a memorial service for the fish who worked hard for us”可知，会以一种恰当的方式纪念这些鱼。故选D项。‎ C ‎(2019～2019·太原市第一学期阶段测评)‎ Diamonds are considered the most famous and valuable jewel in the world.The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth.Diamonds are made as a result of great volcanic heat and pressure.When a volcano is active，it sometimes explodes and causes great damage to the nearby towns.‎ However，at the same time of such a disaster，diamonds were pushed towards the surface of the earth by a number of great volcanic explosions millions of years ago.Thus，it may be very likely to find a diamond after a volcanic eruption.Besides，diamonds are also found among the sandy sandstone of certain river beds，and in a few places on the sea floor，for they were washed down the mountain sides by the rain.‎ Diamonds are very rare.There are not many places that produce such precious things in the world.During the last century adventurers from Europe went to Brazil，because they had heard that there were diamonds in the Amazon River.Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests.But some returned home rich.‎ The earliest known diamonds were found in India many centuries ago.The_most_recent_and_exciting_discoveries_have_been_made_in_eastern_Russia.But most of the world's diamonds now come from the Congo，from Tanzania，and also from South Africa—which has the largest diamond mines in the world.‎ ‎9．What do we know about diamonds according to the passage?‎ A．Diamonds are always accompanied by volcanic eruptions.‎ B．Diamonds are created by volcanic eruptions.‎ C．Diamonds are considered as a sign of wealth.‎ D．Diamonds could be always found in a few riverbanks.‎ ‎10．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a famous place producing diamonds?‎ A．The Congo. B．South Africa.‎ C．India. D．Western Europe.‎ ‎11．What can we know from the third paragraph?‎ A．Diamond mining can be dangerous for the miners.‎ B．Brazil plays a more important role in diamond mining.‎ C．The Amazon River has no large diamond mines nowadays.‎ D．Many miners returned home due to the risks in diamond mining.‎ ‎12．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?‎ A．Eastern Russia has been famous for diamond mining for a long time.‎ B．The diamond deposit in eastern Russia wasn't discovered until recently.‎ C．Eastern Russia is not as important as African countries in diamond mining.‎ D．The eastern part of Russia will replace all African countries in diamond mining.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了钻石的来源和产地。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一至二段：钻石的产生与火山爆发有关。‎ 第三至四段：钻石的产地。‎ ‎9．C　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth”可知，钻石被认为是财富的象征。‎ ‎10．D　考查细节理解。根据第三、四两段对钻石产地的介绍可知，西欧并不在有名的钻石产地之列。‎ ‎11．A　考查细节理解。根据第三段倒数第二句“Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests”可知，开采钻石对采矿者来说有可能是危险的，故A项正确。第三段并未提及巴西在开采钻石方面扮演着更重要的角色，因此B项错误；C项在文中也并未提及；根据第三段倒数第二句“Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests”可知D项错误。‎ ‎12．B　考查句意理解。画线句前一句提到已知的最早的钻石在印度被发现，后一句提到现在大部分钻石来源于刚果民主共和国、坦桑尼亚和南非。由此可推知，画线句讲的应是最近在俄罗斯东部发现了钻石，故B项“直到最近人们才在俄罗斯东部发现钻石矿床”正确。‎