高考语法专题冠词

高考语法专题冠词

高考二轮语法专题复习————冠词，一个磨人的小妖精 ‎【彭妈寄语】‎ ‎ Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.‎ I.【Warming up】‎ Where is the egg?‎ Teacher:Can you make a sentence with the word "egg"?‎ Student:Yes.I ate a piece of cake yesterday. ‎ Teacher:Then where is the “egg"?‎ Student:In the cake,Sir.‎ II.【Leading in】‎ 冠词是一个很神奇的词，虽然只有三个a, an, the，却在英语中使用得比较多，可很多初学者使用起来会觉得无从下手。这是为什么呢？因为我们中文中根本没有冠词这种说法，我们直接表达太阳，星星，月亮，但是英语要表达成the sun, the star, the moon这就很尴尬了，所以我们很多初学者使用这类词都是靠感觉，没错就是所谓的语感！‎ 冠词是处于限定词+形容词+名词的结构中，所以说冠词是限定词中的一种。比如a handsome boy, an unkind lady, the dangerous animal,看起来简单易懂，但是在使用中却有诸多的规则和要求，并且冠词和名词的关系非常的暧昧，二者相互影响相互制约。有时名词前有冠词，比如the invention，a great person, an article,有时名词前又不用冠词，比如go to bed, behind time, on Monday.更有甚者，用或者不用冠词，短语的语义都不同，这就是冠词的魅力或者磨人。比如：Miss White came into office in2019./ Miss White came into the office and saw her son working in the office.‎ 只有弄清冠词这个磨人的小妖精，我们才能更地道的使用英语。‎ III.【高考命题剖析】‎ 题型分类 高考真题 命题解读 语法填空 1. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ 2. ‎ Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 the top of her lungs. ‎ 近五年高考对冠词的考查主要集中在冠词表泛指，特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配的冠词上。‎ 短文改错 1. ‎(2019全国卷I)During my last winter holiday, I went to ∧countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. ‎ the ‎2.After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the→a sitting room. ‎ 1. 不定冠词a和an的错用；‎ 2. 不定冠词a(an)和the的错用；‎ 3. 单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；‎ 4. 冠词的多余；‎ 5. 常见固定搭配中冠词的多余与缺失。‎ IV.【基础知识回顾】‎ 考点1.不定冠词 不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，‎ 用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。‎ ‎1．不定冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。‎ ‎ Cities, usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.‎ ‎(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。‎ ‎—Excuse me，would you please give the book to Helen?‎ ‎—Sorry，but I don't think there's a Helen in our class.‎ ‎(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。‎ The two flowers look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．‎ ‎2．不定冠词的活用 ‎(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。‎ ‎(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.‎ ‎(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。‎ ‎(山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.‎ ‎(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。‎ ‎(2019·烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.‎ ‎3．用于固定搭配中 ‎1.take a chance 冒险 4.all of a sudden 忽然 7.get in a word 插话 ‎2.a waste of… 浪费 5.as a matter of fact 事实上 8.in a word 总而言之 ‎3.make a promise 许诺 6.as a matter of fact 事实上 9.at a loss 亏本地；困惑不解 考点2.定冠词 定冠词the，表示名词的特定者，表示“这”·“那”·“这些”·“那些”，用在可数名词单数、复数，不可数名词前均可。‎ ‎1．定冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。‎ ‎(2019·重庆高考)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.‎ ‎(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。‎ ‎(2019·四川高考)We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.‎ ‎(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，‎ 以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。‎ ‎(陕西高考)As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.‎ This book is the better one of the two.‎ 易错警示 a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。‎ ‎(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。‎ He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.‎ ‎(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。‎ ‎2．用于固定搭配中 ‎ 1.at the moment 此刻；当前 5.in the end 最后 ‎ ‎2.all over the world 全世界 6.take the place of… 代替 ‎3.in the distance 在远处 7.in the way 妨碍，挡道 ‎4.at the same time 同时 8.on the contrary 相反 考点3.零冠词 复数可数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词，也表泛指，有些语法专家称之为“零冠词”。‎ ‎1．零冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。‎ ‎(2019·福建高考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.‎ ‎(江西高考)The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.‎ ‎(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。‎ Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.‎ ‎(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。‎ ‎(四川高考)Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”‎ ‎(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。‎ Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.‎ ‎2.用于固定搭配中 1. at work 工作中 6.for instance 例如 2. in surprise 惊讶的 7.in advance 提前 3. on sale 廉价出售；打折促销 8.pay attention to.. 注意 4. come into effect 开始生效 9.take part in 参加 5. make use of 利用 10.for fear that 恐怕，唯恐 1. 易混辨析 (1) at desk 在读书或做作业 at the desk 在书桌旁 ‎ (2) at school 在校上学（指学生） at the school 在学校（指教职工） ‎ (3) in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱 ‎ (4) out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能，办不到 ‎ (5) go to sea 当海员 go to the sea 去海边 ‎ V.【过手训练】‎ ‎1.单句填空 ‎（1）Life is like ______ocean: Only ______strong－willed can reach the other shore.‎ ‎（2）I can't tell you ______ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ______ Wilson here in the village.______ village where I was born has grown into ______town.‎ ‎（3）With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ______ better command of computer skills.‎ ‎（4）Every time there was______outbreak，a great number of terrified people died.‎ ‎（5）______ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.‎ ‎（6）In Germany, ______ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”， has been running with a great success.‎ ‎（7）______ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.‎ ‎（8）Your son is in great danger and he needs ______ immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan.‎ ‎（9）Zinio is ______ platform for digital magazines, with more than 5,500 magazines from a wide range of publishers.‎ ‎（10）What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself ______ second chance.‎ ‎2.单句改错 ‎（1）I still remember how hard first day was. [2019·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ ‎（2）They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.[2019·全国卷II]‎ ‎（3）Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time.[2019·全国卷 III]‎ ‎（4）My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. [2019·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ ‎（5） And in that case, we will learn little about world.[2019·全国卷II]‎ ‎（6）At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.[2019·全国卷III]‎ ‎（7）When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in his hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen .[2019 四川)‎ ‎（8）Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet him at the door.[2019·浙江 ‎（9）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎（10）I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2019·浙江高考)‎ ‎3.短文填空 ‎ The Internet has become part of young people’s life. 1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get useful information on the Internet and use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it in 2____ good way. Some play 3____ games too much, some visit websites they shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen if 4____ students spend too much time on the Internet.‎ ‎ It is important for students to use 5____Internet properly. Now we have 6____ textbook,which uses many 7____examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.‎ ‎ Some students also make 8____ friends on the Internet. But if you want to have 9____ face-to-face meeting (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in 10____proper place. ‎ VI.【课后练习】(每组限时15分钟)‎ ‎（1）初入江湖 A Liu Xiang was 1.____ first Asian to win (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at 2.____ Olympics in Athens. After that he became 3.____ idol(偶像) to the young people.‎ ‎ “I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break 4.____ Olympic record.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese but for Asia. My race went wonderfully (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is 5.____amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for all their help. I think today we Chinese have showed 6.____ world we can run as fast as anybody else.”‎ ‎ Since his return from 7.____Athens, Liu Xiang has been at 8.____ center of a media circus and he has ‎ been to many press appearances and meetings. But Liu thinks 2019 is just 9.____ beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2019 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just 10.____ job. For me, it’s what I love.”‎ B As is known, that it is interesting to teach children to swim while they are still babies. Most large town in Florida and California have already run particularly lessons for babies. The idea has quickly spread to Europe which, in several countries, special courses were now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old. The first step is to have child get rid of the fear with water. Next, he is teaching to float in water. Once he can do that naturally and can swim with fear, the child can master the technique and push him forward through water.‎ （2） 小有名气 Snake dishes have become popular in recent years. Snake meat in various flavors (风味) is often seen in 1.____ restaurant ads. Eating snake seems to be now in vogue(盛行), and if you haven’t eaten snake yet, you are considered“out of date”. But I wonder whether all 2.____ trends are worth following. ‎ Some people may defend themselves by saying that snake meat is nutritious. But these people don’t realize that many parasites(寄生虫)，which do3.____ harm to our health, are found inside snakes. ‎ According to 4.____ survey, about 1000 tons of snakes are eaten every year in China and sometimes as many as 10 tons of snakes are served on dinner tables in Shenzhen in 5.____ single day!‎ These figures warns us that if no action is taken, 6.____ number of snakes will drop and make 7.____ increase in mice and worms population, which will result in 8.____ decrease of crop output. Who will see such tragedy happen? ‎ So let’s start not to eat 9.____ snakes any more because “to protect 10.____ snake is to protect ourselves.‎ B One year ago, I was in great trouble. I worked hard at English and devote all my spare time to practise it. But I failed to pass the mid-term examination, which made me great disappointed. So I asked my grandpa for advice when I got to home. Hearing that I told him, he said, “To some extent, examination results are sometime unexpected by your study level. You can’t judge your progress by one examination.” He encouraged myself to work hard for long time to check my results. I took my grandpa’s advice. Now I realize that the process of learning is much more important and my English is more better than before. From my experience, I feel that we should listen to opinion from old people.‎ （2） 一代宗师 A 1. ‎____ few years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed (kill) or nearly got close to death. The situation was so severe that there was no time to debate who is to blame. 2.____ most important thing for 3.____ government to do is to find out 4.____ cause of this deadly disease. They invited all 5.____ most experienced experts in this field to discuss and quite 6.____ few suggestions were put forward. Some of 7.____ top experts then tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had little hope of picking up and had 8.____ new medicine tested on him. To his great joy, this patient recovered! He made his way to his office and telephoned 9.____ top official, telling him this exciting news. For convenience, he moved to live in his office. His method did make10.____ sense. Not soon after that, the other hospitals also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.‎ B People often have troubles getting used to a new culture. They are usually curious when they first arrive a foreign country. Therefore, if they stay for a long time, they may start to feel different stages of culture shock. They can feel alone or sad because he can’t deal with the local people. How quick people get used to culture differences may be depend on the way they learn. That’s a problem if they can’t speak the language. On other hand, some can study the situation and make good guesses about the culture. When they finally began to understand some of the language and make some new friends, they will gradually enjoy themselves and feel satisfying. ‎