人教版新目标中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析

人教版新目标中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析

中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析 ‎（一）　知识概要  由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。 ‎（二）　正误辨析  ‎［误］ - What can I do for you? ‎- Yes， please help me  ‎［正］ - What can I do for you? ‎- I'd like to buy a sweater  ‎［析］ What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 ‎［误］ - Which colour do you like? ‎- Sorry， I don't like  ‎［正］ - Which colour do you like? ‎- I prefer blue  ‎［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it ‎［误］ Do you like to come with us tonight?  ‎［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight?  ‎［析］ Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种： Shall we go? 我们走吧! Let's go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．　All right， With pleasure ‎［误］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting Not at all  ‎［正］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting Never mind  ‎［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如： ‎- Do you mind my smoking here?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  Ａ．　Yes， do it please Ｂ．　No， of course not Ｃ．　Yes， take it please Ｄ．　No， you can't take it 这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：‎ Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry ‎［误］ What's that man? He is Mike  ‎［正］ What's that man? He is a teacher  ‎［正］ Who's that man? He is Mike (He is Mike's father)  ‎［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 ‎［误］ - How much are they? ‎- Half a kilo， please  ‎［正］ - How many bananas do you want? ‎- Half a kilo Please  ‎［析］ How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 ‎［误］ I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park?  ‎［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park?  ‎［析］ I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。 ‎［误］ - Have a good time tonight! ‎- You are the same  ‎［正］ - Have a good time tonight! ‎- The same to you  ‎［析］ The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。 ‎［误］ - What's the problem? ‎- I've got a headache  ‎［正］ What's wrong with you? I've got a headache  ‎［析］ What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 ‎［误］ - Now， I'm back Can I play? ‎- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first  ‎［正］ - Now， I'm back Can I play? ‎- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first  ‎［析］ Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有： I'm afraid that you are right 其后直接加宾语从句。 ‎- Will you come to my birthday party? ‎- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 其后＋not，表示否定。 ‎- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog 其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后＋ of ＋ 动名词，表示害怕做某事。 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam 其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。 ‎［误］ - How soon will you be ready? ‎- Two days  ‎［正］ - How soon will you be ready? ‎- In two days  ‎［析］ 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。 ‎［误］ - Would you mind if I have some time off? ‎- I don't mind ‎- Monday and Tuesday of next week  ‎［正］ - Would you mind if I have some time off? ‎- When exactly ‎- Monday and Tuesday of next week  ‎［析］ 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。 ‎［误］ Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?"  ‎［正］ Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?"  ‎［析］ 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm　××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××．"　就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。 ‎［误］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? ‎- I don't hope so  ‎［正］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? ‎- I hope not  ‎［析］ 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧! ‎［误］ - Is anybody there? ‎- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave  ‎［正］ - Is everybody there? ‎- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave  ‎［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave ‎［误］ - Your handwriting is very good! ‎- No， my handwriting is very poor  ‎［正］ - Your handwriting is very good! ‎- Thank you  ‎［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。 ‎［误］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first"  ‎［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go"  ‎［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。 ‎［误］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ‎- I'd like to， and I'm too busy  ‎［正］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ‎- I'd like to， but I'm too busy  ‎［析］ I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。 ‎［误］ - Where's Deter? ‎- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet  ‎［正］ - Where's Deter? ‎- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet  ‎［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。 ‎［误］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! ‎- Great You look well too  ‎［正］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! ‎- Thanks You look well too  ‎［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。 ‎（三）　例题解析  ‎1　 - Would you like to have some rice? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Yes， I like B　Yes， please C　of course D　Yes， I have  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如不想接受则用No， thanks ‎2　 - Nice to see you - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Good morning B　Happy to meet you， too  C　Nice to see you， too D　Pleased to meet you， too  ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。 ‎3　 - Would you please give me some water? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Yes， I would B　Certainly C　No， thanks D　Yes， please  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。 ‎4　 - Thank you very much for helping me ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　You're welcome B　It doesn't matter ‎ C　No need D　Don't say that  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ You're welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为：没关系。 ‎5　 - Hello， Lucy How are you? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ And you? A　Fine， thanks B　Yes， I am ‎ C　Glad to meet you D　Good afternoon  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!" ‎6　 - Help yourself to some meat ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　It sounds nice． B　Yes， please．  C　Yes， Let's help each other． D　Thank you．‎  ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ Help yourself to some meat． 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。 ‎7　 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Fine， How are you? B　Never mind Take care  C　Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon． D　I'm sorry to hear that ‎  ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。 ‎8　 - Meimei you speak English very well ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　No， I don't think so B　Thank you very much C　Not good enough D　That's all right  ‎［答案］ B. ‎9　 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?" ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , Mum I'll get it． A　Yes， I could B　No， thanks  C　OK D　Yes， but I have no time  ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。 ‎10　 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　No， thanks． B　With pleasure．  C　I'm not afraid． D　I'm sure you will．‎  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。 ‎11　 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Hold on， please． B　That's the headmaster， please．  C　Who are you ? please． D　Sorry I'm not the headmaster．‎  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。 ‎12　 - Happy birthday! ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Thank you． B　The same to you．  C　Good luck． D　Congratulations．‎  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。 ‎13　 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help ‎ ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Good night． B　That's nothing．  C　Very well． D　Thank you all the same．‎  ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。 ‎14　 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I'm sorry B　Don't worry ‎ C　Good luck D　Bad luck  ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能单用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。 ‎15　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  ‎- I have got a cough A　What's your trouble? B　What have you got?  C　Why did you come here? D　Have you got a cough?‎  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you? ‎16　 - Would you like to go shopping with me? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Yes， I'd love to． B　That's right． ‎ C　Yes， please． D　Quite well．‎  ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to I'd like to ‎17　 - What's the weather like today! ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　It's nice for a walk． B　I like autumn best of all． C　It will be fine tomorrow． D　It's rather cold today．‎  ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D ‎18　 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her ‎- Sorry， she is out You'd better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　visit her in the office B　call her later  C　see her this afternoon D　speak to her yourself  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ call her later 晚些时候再来电话。 ‎19　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  ‎- Very well， thank you， and you? A　How do you do? B　Good morning  C　How are you these days? D　How do you like English?‎  ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do? ‎20　 - How is your mother? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　She is old． B　She is no better than she was．  C　She is kindhearted． D　She is in her forties．‎  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。 ‎21　 - Thank you very much for your help ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　You're welcome B　Please don't ‎ C　There's no trouble D　No， no  ‎［答案］ A. ‎22　 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him ‎ He says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．" A　It was nothing B　I'm glad you enjoyed it  C　Don't say it D　No， needn't  ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。 ‎23　 - Thank you for your good present ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　It's not good B　No， no ‎ C　My pleasure D　Never mind  ‎［答案］ C. ‎24　 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you ‎［答案］ B. ‎25　 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ That's all right 没关系。 ‎26　 - I'm sorry if I hurt you ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I'm sorry B　It's not true  C　It doesn't matter D　Don't say sorry  ‎［答案］ C. ‎27　 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I'm sorry B　What a pity  C　It doesn't matter to me D　That's terrible ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。 ‎28　 - Help yourself to some fish ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　You are very kind B　Yes， I'm helping myself  C　Thank you D　Yes， don't worry about me ‎［答案］ C. ‎29　 - Are you ready?-______ ． A　I'm very sorry B　Try to be patient  C　Not yet， wait a minute D　Do you have the time， please?‎ ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ not yet 意为还没有完成。 ‎30　 - Mum， I have passed the exam ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　That's all right B　Congratulations ‎ C　You are luck D　Good luck to you ‎［答案］ B. ‎31　 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　All right B　That's all right ‎ C　OK D　I hope so， too ‎［答案］ D. ‎32　 Must I wait till he comes back?  ． A　No， you needn't B　No， you mustn't  C　No， you may not D　No， you can't ‎［答案］ A. ‎［析］ must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。 ‎33　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I pay you the house rent right away? ‎- Yes， you have to do it A　Shall B　Way C　Must D　Have ‎［答案］ C. ‎34　 - Don't you think this colour is too bright?  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　Yes， I agree． B　Yes， but I don't think so．  C　Yes， of course not． D　Yes， what's wrong?‎ ‎［答案］ A. ‎35　 - It was cold yesterday ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　So was it B　So it was ‎ C　I believe not so D　I believe not ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。 ‎36　 - What do you think of the song? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I like music very much B　I like it too  C　With pleasure D　It sounds sweet ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。 ‎37　 Do you like tea or coffee? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Yes， I do B　Thank you ‎ C　That's fine D　Either will do ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ either will do 为两者哪个都可以。 ‎38　 I like your sweater very much ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　No， it's ugly B　Sorry ‎ C　Thank you D　You're welcome ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ 这是英美语言的习惯。 ‎39　 He likes travelling by train  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　So do I B　I dos ‎ C　I like so D　I like it， neither ‎［答案］ A. ‎40　 - How do you like your school? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I like it very much B　It's very beautiful C　I doesn't like it D　Very well ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。 ‎41　 What a nice day!  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  A　You're right． B　No， isn't it? ‎ C　Yes， isn't it? D　Really?‎ ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ Yes， isn't it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗? ‎42　 - Hello， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ? ‎- This is Della speaking A　Who are you B　Are you Tom  C　Who is that D　Please tell me who are you ‎［答案］ C. ‎［析］ 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。 ‎43　 -What's he like?  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　He likes English B　He is old  C　He is like a farmer D　He is tall and this ‎［答案］ D. ‎［析］ 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。 ‎44　 How did you do your job?  Not very well， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　I'm sure B　I am afraid ‎ C　Thank you D　I'm sorry ‎［答案］ B. ‎［析］ I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。 ‎45　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ your aunt? ‎-She is a principal of a middle school A　What does B　Where does ‎ C　What is D　Whom is ‎［答案］ C. ‎46　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿  ‎- He is my boss A　What's the man? B　Who is the man?  C　How is the man? D　What does the man do?‎ ‎［答案］ B. ‎47　 - May I have your name?  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　No， no B　You're polite ‎ C　Call me John D　It's kind of you  ‎［答案］ C. ‎48　 - Shall I make coffee for you?  ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Yes， thank you B　No， don't trouble  C　Don't trouble this， thank you D　No， don't make it  ‎［答案］ A. ‎49　 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's office? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　Not at all B　I'm sure ‎ C　All right D　I can do it  ‎［答案］ C. ‎50　 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon? ‎- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． A　It's very kind of you B　You are so thoughtful  C　That's a good idea D　Yes， we'll go  ‎［答案］ C.