中考英语介词和连词专题复习

中考英语介词和连词专题复习

‎2011届中考英语专题复习六：介词、连词考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点直击】‎ ‎1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；‎ ‎2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。‎ ‎3. 并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法；‎ ‎4. 常用的从属连词的基本用法 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1. 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：‎ The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)‎ The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)‎ Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)‎ Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)‎ ‎2. 常用介词的用法辨析 ‎（1）表时间的介词 ‎1）at, in on 表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。‎ 2） since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：‎ I haven’t heard from him since last summer.‎ After five days the boy came back.‎ 3） in, after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：‎ He will be back in two months.‎ He will arrive after four o’clock.‎ He returned after a month.‎ ‎（2）表示地点的介词 ‎1）at, in, on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：‎ He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.‎ They arrived at a small village before dark.‎ There is a big hole in the wall.‎ The teacher put up a picture on the wall.‎ 2） over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：‎ There is a bridge over the river.‎ We flew above the clouds.‎ ‎ They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.‎ 2） across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：‎ The dog ran across the grass.‎ The boy swam across the river.‎ ‎ They walked through the forest.‎ ‎ I pushed through the crowds.‎ ‎4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：‎ There are some tall trees in front of the building.‎ The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.‎ ‎3. 介词的固定搭配 ‎ 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。‎ ‎（1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。‎ ‎（2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。‎ ‎（3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。‎ ‎4. 连词的功能 用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。‎ ‎5. 并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：‎ ‎(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。‎ ‎(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。‎ ‎(3)表转折关系的but, while等。‎ ‎(4)表因果关系的for, so等。‎ ‎6. 从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：‎ ‎(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。‎ ‎(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。‎ ‎(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。‎ ‎(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。‎ ‎(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。‎ ‎(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。‎ ‎(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。‎ ‎7. 常用连词的用法辨析 ‎（1） while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。‎ ‎1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：‎ As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.‎ ‎2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：‎ While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.‎ ‎3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：‎ As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.‎ ‎4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：‎ Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.‎ She looked behind from time to time as she went ‎5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：‎ When he finished his work, he took a short rest.‎ ‎6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：‎ When John arrived I was cooking lunch.‎ ‎（2）as, because, since , for 这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。‎ ‎1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：‎ I stayed at home because it rained.‎ ‎---Why aren’t you going?‎ ‎---Because I don’t want to.‎ ‎2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：‎ As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.‎ Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.‎ ‎3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：‎ I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.‎ ‎（3）if, whether if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：‎ I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.‎ I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.‎ 在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：‎ ‎1) 引导主语从句时。例如：‎ Whether he will come to the party is unknown. ‎ ‎2) 引导表语从句时。例如：‎ The question is whether I can pass the exam.‎ ‎3) 在不定式前。例如：‎ I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.‎ ‎（4）so…that, such...that ‎1) so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：‎ I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.‎ It was such a warm day that he went swimming.‎ ‎2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：‎ He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.‎ I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.‎ ‎（5）either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…‎ 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，‎ 谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：‎ Either you or he is wrong.‎ Neither he nor his children like fish.‎ ‎ Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.‎ ‎（6）although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is ‎ over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.‎ ‎（7）because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John ‎ was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.‎ ‎【实例解析】‎ ‎ 1.---When will Mr Black come to Beijing?‎ ‎ ---___________ September 5.‎ ‎ A. On B. To C. At D. In ‎ 答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。‎ ‎ 2.The boys felt sad as they lost ________ the girls in the talk show.‎ ‎ A. by B. in C. to D. on ‎ 答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。‎ ‎ 3---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.‎ ‎ ---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.‎ ‎ A. and B. or C. so D. but ‎ 答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。‎ ‎ 3. John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.‎ ‎ A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as ‎ 答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ 一. 单项填空 ‎ 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.‎ ‎ A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on ‎ 2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.‎ ‎ A. beside B. about C. except D. with ‎ 3. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.‎ ‎ A. on B. as C. for D. of ‎ 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.‎ ‎ A. since B. in C. on D. by ‎ 5. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?‎ ‎ ---It’s _______ writing and drawing.‎ ‎ A. with B. to C. for D. by ‎ 6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.‎ ‎ A. to B. for C. as D. by ‎ 7. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.‎ ‎ A. Under B. In C. With D. On ‎ 8. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.‎ ‎ A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in ‎ 9. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.‎ ‎ ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.‎ ‎ A. in B. of C. with D. off ‎ 10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.‎ ‎ A. to B. in C. about D. at ‎ 11. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?‎ ‎ ---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.‎ ‎ A. either…or B. not only… but also ‎ C. neither…nor D. both…or ‎ 12. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.‎ ‎ A. so B. because C. but D. though ‎ 13. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.‎ ‎ A. if B. so C. though D. as ‎ 14. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.‎ ‎ A. after B. when C. if D. until ‎ 15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.‎ ‎ A. when B. until C. after D. before ‎ 16. ---This dress was last year’s style.‎ ‎ ---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.‎ ‎ A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since ‎ 17. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.‎ ‎ A. and B. so C. however D. or ‎ 18. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.‎ ‎ A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to ‎ 19. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an?‎ ‎ ---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.‎ ‎ A. as soon as B. even though ‎ C. rather than D. as if ‎ 20. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.‎ ‎ A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since 二. 用适当的介词填空 ‎ 1. ---How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?‎ ‎ ---I’m going there _______ my car.‎ ‎ 2. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at Zhonglou Restaurant.‎ ‎ 3. Hangzhou is famous ______ the West Lake.‎ ‎ 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ______ a camera.‎ ‎ 5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ______ March, 25th?‎ ‎ 6. We all agree ______ you. Let’s start at once.‎ ‎ 7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.‎ ‎ 8. ---Which necklace have you lost?‎ ‎ ---The one you gave me _____ my birthday.‎ ‎ 9. You should take more exercise. It’s good ______ your health.‎ ‎ 10. It is clear that fish cannot live _______ water.‎ 三. 用适当的连词填空 ‎ 1. ______ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.‎ ‎ 2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.‎ ‎ 3. ---Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?‎ ‎ ---Sorry, I’ve no idea.‎ ‎ 4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.‎ ‎ 5. The war was over about a year ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.‎ ‎ 6. ---Is David at school today?‎ ‎ ---No. He is at home _______ he has a bad cold.‎ ‎ 7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.‎ ‎ 8. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.‎ ‎ 9. Please have a wash _______ you go to bed.‎ ‎ 10. The twins have learned a lot ______ they came to China.‎ ‎【练习答案】‎ 一. 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.D 二. 1.in 2.with 3.for 4.like 5.on 6.with 7.on 8.for 9.for 10.without 三. 1.Although/ Though 2.so 3.if/ whether 4.so 5.but 6.because 7.Either…or 8.and 9.before 10.since