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中考总复习英语百色精讲专题4 介词和介词短语
专题四 介词和介词短语 百色五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年百色中考考情分析 2019年百色中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年百色中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点。倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法。考查形式以选择填空、完形填空、综合填空为主。考查的小题数约2—3道。 2019 介词的用法 from表示从……到……的用法 27 1 2019 介词的用法 on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法 27 1 2019 介词的用法 介词在固定短语中的用法,如be proud of 27 1 2019 介词的用法 介词with表状态,伴随 27 1 介词短语的用法 辨析hand by hand,arm in arm,one by one,step by step 33 1 2019 介词的用法 区分over与above在具体语境中的用法 28 1 百色中考语法突破 介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或动名词。介词后的代词要用宾格形式。 时间介词 1.at,in与on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在具体的某一时刻 at 10:00 a.m.在上午十点钟 用于固定搭配 at noon/night 在中午/晚上 at the end of 在……结尾 in 常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份) in December 在十二月in winter 在冬天 in 2019 在2019年 表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等 in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天 “in+一段时间”表示“在……(多久)以后”,常与一般将来时连用 My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。 用于固定搭配 in the future 在将来 续表 介词 用法 示例 on 表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几) on October 7th在十月七日on Sunday 在星期天 表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上 on Monday morning 在星期一早上 表示在具体的节日当天 on National Day在国庆节 2.before与after 介词 用法 示例 before在……之前 +时间点 Jenny must get home before 5:00 p.m. every day.珍妮每天五点之前必须到家。 after在……之后 +时间点,常与一般将来时连用 She'll arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。 +时间段,常与一般过去时连用 She came back after two weeks.她两周后回来了。 3.from,since与for 介词 用法 例句 from 从……起 常与to构成词组from…to…,意为“从……到……” Today I have an English lesson from 8:00 a.m.to 9:00 a.m.今天早上八点到九点我要上一节英语课。 since自从……以来 +具体的过去时间点(常与现在完成时连用) I have lived in Baise since 2019.自从2019年我就住在百色了。 +时间段+ago(常与现在完成时连用) I have lived in Baise since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在百色了。 for 历经……之久 +时间段(常与现在完成时连用) I have lived in Baise for three years.我已经在百色住了三年了。 注意:“for+时间段”也可用于其他时态中。 4.till/until,during与by 介词 用法 例句 till/until直到……为止 till/until直到……才 用于肯定句。谓语动词需用延续性动词 I waited for you until eleven o'clock this morning.今早我等你等到11点。 用于否定句。谓语动词需用短暂性动词 Bob doesn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.鲍勃直到11点才睡觉。 during在……期间 +时间段,强调时间的持续性。不用于现在完成时 During the lunch time,we talked about the TV show.午餐期间我们谈论了那个电视节目。 by不晚于;在……之前 +将来时间点,常与一般将来时连用 It will be very hot by tomorrow morning.到明天早上,天气会变得很热。 +过去时间点,常与过去完成时连用 I had finished my homework by the end of the summer holiday.在暑假结束之前,我已经完成了作业。 选择填空。 ( A )1.(新信息题)China successfully hosted the SCO Summit(上合组织峰会) ________ June,2019. A.in B.by C.at D.on ( B )2.(新信息题)Mike didn't go to bed ________ his favorite TV show Go Fighting Season Ⅳ(《极限挑战第四季》) finished. A.by B.until C.during D.for 用适当的介词填空。 3.I have worked in this school __since__ 2019. 4.(热点题)Yesterday,I watched Hello,Mrs.Money(《李茶的姑妈》) with Tom __from__ 3:00 __to__ 5:00. 5.Mary will arrive here__in__ half an hour. 6.Mr.Li has been in Beijing__for__ nearly five years. 方位介词 1.in,at,on,与to 介词 用法 例句 in 多指较大的地方(如:国家、城市等) In China,people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.在中国,人们在端午节期间吃粽子。 表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围内) China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。 at 在较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置 I always read books at home.我经常在家看书。 on 表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤) Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.广西在广东的西部。 to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。 2.over,on,above,under与below 介词 含义 例句 over 在……正上方(垂直,两者不接触) There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。 on 在……上面(两者接触) There is a mobile phone on the desk.书桌上有一部手机。 above 在……上方(不一定垂直,两者不接触) There is a balloon above my head.我头上有一个气球。 under 在……正下方(两者不接触) My basketball is under the bed.我的篮球在床下面。 below 在……下方(不一定垂直) The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。 3.across与 through (考点讲解详见P24“考点4”【辨析】) 选择填空。 ( C )1.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city ________ the east of England. A.between B.with C.in D.under ( C )2.(新信息题)BTS(防弹少年团) is perhaps the most popular music group ________ South Korea these days. A.at B.on C.in D.to ( D )3.(2019连云港中考) —Bill,did you see Tom? —Yes,he just parked his car here and then hurried______ the street. A.through B.over C.past D.across ( D )4.(2019鄂州中考)—Oh,my god!I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in ________ the window. —It's dangerous.You'd better wait for your mom to come back. A.past B.over C.across D.through 方式介词 介词 用法 例句 by 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”,常与表示交通工具的名词连用 She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。 with 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官” People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。 in 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色”等 What's this in English?这个用英语怎么说? on 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等” They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。 用适当的方式介词填空。 1.Mark learns English__by__ keeping a diary __in__ English. 2.(热点题)People all over the world watched the 2019 World Cup games __on__ television. 3.We can smell__with__ our nose. 其他介词 1.with:与……一起,随着;附有。如: Jane often goes to the movies with her best friend.简经常跟她最好的朋友一起去看电影。 2.without:没有。如: Without Tom's help,I couldn't finish the task.没有汤姆的帮助,我不可能完成这项任务。 3.against:对抗。如: Germany played against Mexico last night.昨晚,德国队和墨西哥队对战。 4.besides:除……之外(还有)。如: Besides Mike everyone passed the exam.除了迈克,所有人都通过了考试。 5.including:包括;包含。如: Twenty people were killed in the traffic accident,including a baby.在这场交通事故中有二十人丧生,包括一个婴儿。 选择填空。 ( B )1.(铜仁中考)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow. A.over B.against C.to D.for ( A )2.(2019达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy? —I prefer a cup of tea nothing in it. A.with B.for C.to D.without 介词短语(详见《分类速记手册》“介词短语”) 百色五年真题回顾 ( )1.(2019百色中考)We go to school ________ Monday to Friday every week. A.at B.for C.on D.from 【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:我们每周的星期一到星期五去上学。由题空后的to提示可知,此处考查介词短语from…to…,意为“从……到……”。 【答案】D ( )2.(2019百色中考)Does your friend Tom often go swimming ________ Sunday mornings? A.at B.in C.on D.of 【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:你的朋友汤姆经常周日早晨游泳吗?在具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前用介词on。 【答案】C ( )3.(2019百色中考)We love Baise.We are proud ________ being citizens of Baise city. A.of B.on C.in D.with 【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:我们爱百色。我们为作为百色市民而自豪。“be proud of…”为固定搭配,意为“为……自豪”。 【答案】A ( )4.(2019百色中考)The door opened and my mother came in ________ a handbag in her hand. A.on B.in C.at D.with 【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:门开了,我妈妈手里拿着手包进来了。on在……表面;in在……里面;at在……,通常用于某个时间点前;with具有,带有,表示伴随。根据句意可知,with a handbag 作伴随状语。 【答案】D ( )5.(2019百色中考)Don't worry about your English.Work hard and you'll improve it ________. A.hand by hand B.arm in arm C.one by one D.step by step 【解析】考查语境理解及介词短语词义辨析。句意:不要担心你的英语。努力学习,你会________提高。hand by hand手牵手;arm in arm臂挽臂;one by one一个接一个;step by step逐步地。根据句意可知答案。 【答案】D ( )6.(2019百色中考)There is a national flag ________ the blackboard in our classroom. A.under B.below C.over D.above 【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:有一面国旗在我们教室的黑板________。under在……的正下方,两者不接触;below在……的下方,不一定垂直;over在……的正上方,两者不接触,垂直;above在……的上方,两者不接触,不一定垂直。根据实际情况可知,我们教室黑板的正上方有一面国旗。 【答案】C 考点抢测 一、选择填空。 ( A )1.(2019百色适应性考试)His brother went to school by bike ________ a sunny morning.【考点❶】 A.on B.at C.in D.for ( C )2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ________ Class Three.【考点❹】 A.of B.in C.against D.from ( A )3.(2019温州中考)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ________ two hours.【考点❶】 A.in B.after C.over D.for ( C )4.(2019玉林中考)—It's said that the best way to relax is ________ exercise. —I see.But you should keep away ________ dangerous sports.【考点❸、❺】 A.with;from B.for;off C.through;from D.through;by ( A )5.(2019天津中考)In the picture,he sits ________ me,looking very happy.【考点❷】 A.beside B.among C.up D.through ( B )6.Taiwan lies________the east of Fujian________the southeast of China.【考点❷】 A.on;in B.to;in C.on;to D.at;to 二、单词拼写。 1.(2019百色一模)Have you got ready for dinner,mom? I am hungry. 2.(2019百色适应性考试)Our team will play __against__(与……对阵) their team this afternoon. 3.(2019广安中考)The restaurant is open every day __except__(除了) Monday. 4.(2019荆门中考)Under the leadership of Chairman Xi,China will become much stronger without doubt.查看更多