中考总复习英语百色精讲专题4 介词和介词短语

申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。

文档介绍

中考总复习英语百色精讲专题4 介词和介词短语

专题四 介词和介词短语 百色五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年百色中考考情分析 ‎2019年百色中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年百色中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点。倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法。考查形式以选择填空、完形填空、综合填空为主。考查的小题数约2—3道。‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 from表示从……到……的用法 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词在固定短语中的用法,如be proud of ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词with表状态,伴随 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ 介词短语的用法 辨析hand by hand,arm in arm,one by one,step by step ‎33‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 区分over与above在具体语境中的用法 ‎28‎ ‎1‎ 百色中考语法突破 介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或动名词。介词后的代词要用宾格形式。‎ ‎ 时间介词 ‎1.at,in与on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在具体的某一时刻 at 10:‎00 a.m.在上午十点钟 用于固定搭配 at noon/night 在中午/晚上 at the end of 在……结尾 in 常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份)‎ in December 在十二月in winter 在冬天 in 2019 在2019年 表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等 in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天 ‎“in+一段时间”表示“在……(多久)以后”,常与一般将来时连用 My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。‎ 用于固定搭配 in the future 在将来 续表 介词 用法 示例 on 表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几)‎ on October 7th在十月七日on Sunday 在星期天 表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上 on Monday morning 在星期一早上 表示在具体的节日当天 on National Day在国庆节 ‎2.before与after 介词 用法 示例 before在……之前 ‎+时间点 Jenny must get home before 5:00 p.m. every day.珍妮每天五点之前必须到家。‎ after在……之后 ‎+时间点,常与一般将来时连用 She'll arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。‎ ‎+时间段,常与一般过去时连用 She came back after two weeks.她两周后回来了。‎ ‎3.from,since与for 介词 用法 例句 from 从……起 常与to构成词组from…to…,意为“从……到……”‎ Today I have an English lesson from 8:‎00 a.m.to 9:‎00 a.m.今天早上八点到九点我要上一节英语课。‎ since自从……以来 ‎+具体的过去时间点(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise since 2019.自从2019年我就住在百色了。‎ ‎+时间段+ago(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在百色了。‎ for 历经……之久 ‎+时间段(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise for three years.我已经在百色住了三年了。‎ ‎ 注意:“for+时间段”也可用于其他时态中。‎ ‎4.till/until,during与by 介词 用法 例句 till/until直到……为止 till/until直到……才 用于肯定句。谓语动词需用延续性动词 I waited for you until eleven o'clock this morning.今早我等你等到11点。‎ 用于否定句。谓语动词需用短暂性动词 Bob doesn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.鲍勃直到11点才睡觉。‎ during在……期间 ‎+时间段,强调时间的持续性。不用于现在完成时 During the lunch time,we talked about the TV show.午餐期间我们谈论了那个电视节目。‎ by不晚于;在……之前 ‎+将来时间点,常与一般将来时连用 It will be very hot by tomorrow morning.到明天早上,天气会变得很热。‎ ‎+过去时间点,常与过去完成时连用 I had finished my homework by the end of the summer holiday.在暑假结束之前,我已经完成了作业。‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(新信息题)China successfully hosted the SCO Summit(上合组织峰会) ________ June,2019.‎ A.in    B.by    C.at    D.on ‎( B )2.(新信息题)Mike didn't go to bed ________ his favorite TV show Go Fighting Season Ⅳ(《极限挑战第四季》) finished.‎ A.by B.until C.during D.for 用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎3.I have worked in this school __since__ 2019.‎ ‎4.(热点题)Yesterday,I watched Hello,Mrs.Money(《李茶的姑妈》) with Tom __from__ 3:00 __to__ 5:00.‎ ‎5.Mary will arrive here__in__ half an hour.‎ ‎6.Mr.Li has been in Beijing__for__ nearly five years.‎ ‎ 方位介词 ‎1.in,at,on,与to 介词 用法 例句 in 多指较大的地方(如:国家、城市等)‎ In China,people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.在中国,人们在端午节期间吃粽子。‎ 表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围内)‎ China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。‎ at 在较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置 I always read books at home.我经常在家看书。‎ on 表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)‎ Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.广西在广东的西部。‎ to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。‎ ‎2.over,on,above,under与below 介词 含义 例句 over 在……正上方(垂直,两者不接触)‎ There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。‎ on 在……上面(两者接触)‎ There is a mobile phone on the desk.书桌上有一部手机。‎ above 在……上方(不一定垂直,两者不接触)‎ There is a balloon above my head.我头上有一个气球。‎ under 在……正下方(两者不接触)‎ My basketball is under the bed.我的篮球在床下面。‎ below 在……下方(不一定垂直)‎ The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。‎ ‎  3.across与 through ‎(考点讲解详见P24“考点‎4”‎【辨析】)‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎( C )1.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city ________ the east of England.‎ A.between B.with C.in D.under ‎( C )2.(新信息题)BTS(防弹少年团) is perhaps the most popular music group ________ South Korea these days.‎ A.at B.on C.in D.to ‎( D )3.(2019连云港中考) —Bill,did you see Tom?‎ ‎—Yes,he just parked his car here and then hurried______ the street.‎ A.through B.over C.past D.across ‎( D )4.(2019鄂州中考)—Oh,my god!I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in ________ the window.‎ ‎—It's dangerous.You'd better wait for your mom to come back.‎ A.past B.over C.across D.through ‎  方式介词 介词 用法 例句 by 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”,常与表示交通工具的名词连用 She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。‎ with 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”‎ People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。‎ in 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色”等 What's this in English?这个用英语怎么说?‎ on 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”‎ They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。‎ 用适当的方式介词填空。‎ ‎1.Mark learns English__by__ keeping a diary __in__ English.‎ ‎2.(热点题)People all over the world watched the 2019 World Cup games __on__ television.‎ ‎3.We can smell__with__ our nose.‎ ‎  其他介词 ‎1.with:与……一起,随着;附有。如:‎ Jane often goes to the movies with her best friend.简经常跟她最好的朋友一起去看电影。‎ ‎2.without:没有。如:‎ Without Tom's help,I couldn't finish the task.没有汤姆的帮助,我不可能完成这项任务。‎ ‎3.against:对抗。如:‎ Germany played against Mexico last night.昨晚,德国队和墨西哥队对战。‎ ‎4.besides:除……之外(还有)。如:‎ Besides Mike everyone passed the exam.除了迈克,所有人都通过了考试。‎ ‎5.including:包括;包含。如:‎ Twenty people were killed in the traffic accident,including a baby.在这场交通事故中有二十人丧生,包括一个婴儿。‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎( B )1.(铜仁中考)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow.‎ A.over B.against C.to D.for ‎( A )2.(2019达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?‎ ‎—I prefer a cup of tea nothing in it.‎ A.with   B.for  C.to  D.without ‎  介词短语(详见《分类速记手册》“介词短语”)‎ 百色五年真题回顾 ‎(  )1.(2019百色中考)We go to school ________ Monday to Friday every week.‎ A.at B.for C.on D.from ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:我们每周的星期一到星期五去上学。由题空后的to提示可知,此处考查介词短语from…to…,意为“从……到……”。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(  )2.(2019百色中考)Does your friend Tom often go swimming ________ Sunday mornings?‎ A.at B.in C.on D.of ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:你的朋友汤姆经常周日早晨游泳吗?在具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前用介词on。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎(  )3.(2019百色中考)We love Baise.We are proud ________ being citizens of Baise city.‎ A.of B.on C.in D.with ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:我们爱百色。我们为作为百色市民而自豪。“be proud of…”为固定搭配,意为“为……自豪”。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎(  )4.(2019百色中考)The door opened and my mother came in ________ a handbag in her hand.‎ A.on B.in C.at D.with ‎【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:门开了,我妈妈手里拿着手包进来了。on在……表面;in在……里面;at在……,通常用于某个时间点前;with具有,带有,表示伴随。根据句意可知,with a handbag 作伴随状语。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(  )5.(2019百色中考)Don't worry about your English.Work hard and you'll improve it ________.‎ A.hand by hand B.arm in arm C.one by one D.step by step ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词短语词义辨析。句意:不要担心你的英语。努力学习,你会________提高。hand by hand手牵手;arm in arm臂挽臂;one by one一个接一个;step by step逐步地。根据句意可知答案。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(  )6.(2019百色中考)There is a national flag ________ the blackboard in our classroom.‎ A.under B.below C.over D.above ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意:有一面国旗在我们教室的黑板________。under在……的正下方,两者不接触;below在……的下方,不一定垂直;over在……的正上方,两者不接触,垂直;above在……的上方,两者不接触,不一定垂直。根据实际情况可知,我们教室黑板的正上方有一面国旗。‎ ‎【答案】C 考点抢测 一、选择填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(2019百色适应性考试)His brother went to school by bike ________ a sunny morning.【考点❶】       ‎ A.on B.at C.in D.for ‎( C )2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ________ Class Three.【考点❹】‎ A.of B.in C.against D.from ‎( A )3.(2019温州中考)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ________ two hours.【考点❶】‎ A.in B.after C.over D.for ‎( C )4.(2019玉林中考)—It's said that the best way to relax is ________ exercise.‎ ‎—I see.But you should keep away ________ dangerous sports.【考点❸、❺】‎ A.with;from B.for;off C.through;from D.through;by ‎( A )5.(2019天津中考)In the picture,he sits ________ me,looking very happy.【考点❷】‎ A.beside B.among C.up D.through ‎( B )6.Taiwan lies________the east of Fujian________the southeast of China.【考点❷】‎ A.on;in B.to;in C.on;to D.at;to 二、单词拼写。‎ ‎1.(2019百色一模)Have you got ready for dinner,mom? I am hungry.‎ ‎2.(2019百色适应性考试)Our team will play __against__(与……对阵) their team this afternoon.‎ ‎3.(2019广安中考)The restaurant is open every day __except__(除了) Monday.‎ ‎4.(2019荆门中考)Under the leadership of Chairman Xi,China will become much stronger without doubt.‎
查看更多

相关文章

您可能关注的文档