中考英语词组用法总结

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中考英语词组用法总结

中考英语词组用法总结 already用法小结 ‎1. 表示“已经”,通常用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句(此时要用yet )。如:‎ He has already started. 他已经动身了。‎ Has he started yet? 他动身了吗?‎ He hasn’t yet started. / He hasn’t started yet. 他还没有动身。‎ ‎2. 有时也用于疑问句,但往往含有问话人希望得到一个肯定回答或含有惊讶之意。如:‎ Has she gone to bed already? 她不是已经上床了吗?‎ Is he back already  他怎么已回来了?‎ ‎3. 一般说来,already 不用于否定句,但它有时可用于否定的条件状语从句中。如:‎ If he hasn’t seen the film already, he may get the ticket. ‎ 假若他还未看过这电影,他呆以弄到票的。‎ ‎4. 与already 连用的时态:‎ ‎(1) 与行为动词的完成体连用。如:‎ He has read the book already. 他已读过这本书。‎ By this time tomorrow I’ll have finished the job already. ‎ 到明天这个时候,我将已做完这工作。‎ ‎(2) 与行为动词的进行体连用。如:‎ He is already working. 这已经在工作了。‎ When I came in, he was already laying the table. ‎ 我进来时,他已在摆桌子了。‎ ‎(3) 与持续性动词或状态动词的一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如:‎ It’s already late. 已经迟了。‎ He already knew about it. 那时他已知道此事了。‎ ‎ alone与by oneself ‎1. 两者均表示“独自”、“单独”,有时可互换。如:‎ He likes living alone (或by himself)  他喜欢独居。‎ ‎2. 两者均不可用very 修饰,但可用all 修饰。如;‎ Can you finish the work all alone? 你一个人能完成这工作吗?‎ He went to see the film all by himself. 他独自一人去看了电影。‎ ‎3. 在表示人数方面,alone (侧重指没有外人)不如by oneself(指绝对一人)那样绝对。如:‎ 误:I want to be by myself with Mary. ‎ 正:I want to be alone with Mary. 我想单独与玛丽在一起。‎ ‎4. alone 还可放在名词或代词之后,表示“仅仅”、“只有”(与only 同义,但only 放在名词或代词之前),by oneself 不能这样用。如:‎ He alone can do it . ( = Only he can do it. ) 只有他才做得了。‎ advice的用法 ‎1. 表示“建议”、“劝告”、“忠告”等,是不可数名词,若表示一条或几条建议或劝告,要借用 piece 这样的词。如:‎ This is a good piece of advice. 这是一条很好的建议。‎ ‎2. 表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般要用介词 on 或 by。如:‎ We did the work on [by] her advice. 我们按她的意见做此工作。‎ ‎3. 表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词 give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词 ask (for);表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词take, follow, accept 等。如:‎ The old often give good advice to the young. 老年人常常对年轻人提出金玉良言。‎ You should ask for the teacher’s advice. /You should ask the teacher for advice. 你应该去征求老师的意见。‎ If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people. 要是听取了他的意见,我们不仅可以节省人力、物力,而且还会把工作做得更好。‎ ‎4. 其后若出现 that 从句,通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如:‎ My advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 我建议他戒烟。‎ address的用法 ‎1. 用作名词,意为“地址”。汉语中的“你住在哪? ”在英语中不能直译为:Where is your address? 因为此句的实际意思是“你的地址放在哪里?”(即写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了?)‎ 要表示“你住在哪?”一般说:Where do you live? 也可以说成 What’s your address?‎ ‎2. 用作动词,注意以下用法:‎ ‎(1) 表示“写地址”或“写信给”。如:‎ Please address these letters. 请把这些信写上地址。‎ The card was wrongly addressed to our old home. 那张明信片误写了我们的旧地址。‎ ‎(2) 表示“向……讲话”(及物),属正式用法。如:‎ The mayor addressed the crowd. 市长向群众讲话。‎ Address your remarks to me, please. 请把你的意见向我说吧。‎ ‎(3) 用于 address oneself to, 意为“着手”、“致力于”。如:‎ She addressed herself to the main difficulty. 他致力地解决主要困难。‎ because, since, as与for ‎1. 关于because ‎(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,有时也放在主句之前。‎ ‎(2) 回答why 提出的问题,只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如:‎ A:Why can’t I go? 我为什么不能去?‎ B:Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。‎ ‎(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能。哪:‎ It’s because he is kind that we like him. ‎ 是因为他对人友好,我们才喜欢他。‎ ‎(4) because 从句可用表语,其余三者不能。如:‎ This is because the earth is travelling round the sun. ‎ 这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。‎ ‎(5) not… because 这一结构中的not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解。若 not 否定主句,最好在because 之前用逗号,否则容易引起歧义:‎ I didn’t go because I was afraid.‎ ‎1) 我没有去是因为我怕。‎ ‎2) 我不因为怕才去。 ‎ 不过若because 之前有just 修饰,一般认为not 只能否定从句。如:‎ You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。‎ ‎(6) 表示“……的原因是因为……”这一意义时,一般要用The reason why…is that…。如:‎ The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是(因为)他病了。‎ 注:在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why...is because...这样的说法,但比较少见。‎ ‎2. 关于since和as ‎(1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强,且比as略为正式,两者通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:‎ Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了,你应该休息。‎ As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好,我决定独自去。‎ ‎(2) since 可用于省略句,而其它三者不能。如:‎ Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此,就再没有什么好说的了。‎ ‎3. 关于for for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后,且可与because换用),有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后,但不能与because换用)。如:‎ The ground is wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。‎ It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨,(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的。‎ ‎4. 其他 ‎(1) 汉语习惯上说“因为……所以”,但英语却不能将because, since, as, for 与so(所以)连用。‎ ‎(2) 有时也有四者均可用的场合(如当要表示一个必然性推论时)。如:‎ He must have passed this way, because (或for) his footprints are here. / Since (或As) his foot-prints are here, he must have passed this way. 他走的一定是这条路,因为他的脚印还在这儿。‎ beautiful, handsome, pretty & good-looking ‎1. beautiful (美丽的),多用于女性,一般不用于男性。注意它是一个语气很强的词,着重指脸蛋迷人,体形匀称,比例完美,如:a beautiful girl (美女)。另外,它也可用来指小孩或事物。如:a beautiful girl / picture 美丽的小姑娘、图片。‎ ‎2. handsome 多用于男性,意为“英俊的”。如:a handsome young man (英俊的小伙),有时也用于女性(一般只用于成年女性,不用于少女),意为“体态健壮”或“端庄稳重”。如:Do you discribe her as beautiful or handsome? (你是说她美丽呢,还是端庄稳重?)另外,它可用于事物,意为“美丽的”、“堂皇的”。如:a handsome building (堂皇的建筑)。‎ ‎3. pretty (漂亮的)与beautiful一样,也只用于女性、小孩或事物,但语气不如beautiful 强。它侧重指“娇小”。如:a pretty boy box 一个漂亮的小男孩 / 盒子。‎ ‎4. good-looking (好看的)可用于男性或女性。但一般不用于事物。‎ ‎ ‎ 中考必备词汇基础 这里的词汇基础不仅仅是指对所学单词的读音、拼写和意义的掌握,还要懂得常用单词的前后搭配、近义词辨析及短语动词的区别等。中考单填空题涉及到:‎ ‎(1) 常用词的前后搭配。请看下面这道中考题:‎ The earth is our home. We must ______it clean.‎ A. change B. sweep C. keep D. build 答案是C,因为在这几个动词中能接“宾语+宾补”的只有keep。‎ ‎(2) 近义词细微差别,特别是近义动词、名词、形容词和副词的辨析。如常考的有:spend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say; borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等。请看下面这道中考题:‎ The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to ______ the car.‎ A. move B. get C. begin D. star 答案是D。温度低与能否搬动、移动汽车,或者得到汽车均无关系,极易排除答案A和B;关键是区分begin和start,只要懂得使机器开始运转或发动机的开动只能用start而不用begin,就可选出正确答案了D。‎ ‎(3) 短语动词的比较,特别是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send等动词加up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介词或副词构成的短语动词。常考的有:get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等。请看下面这道中考题:‎ I didn’t go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to ______ my little sister ‎ at home.‎ A. look after B. look at C. look for D. look like 答案是A,由句子的意思可知母亲叫我在叫“照看(look for)”妹妹。此题要求考生熟记各词组的不同意思
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