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中考英语直接引语和间接引语一轮专题目复习7
直接引语与间接引语 (一)概念介绍:直接引语是直接引述别人的原话。间接引语是转述别人所说的话。 eg . He said , “ I am glad to have a chance to talk with you . ”(直接引语) He said that he was glad to have a chance to talk with me .(间接引语) (二)转换方法: A. 直接引语是陈述句时,改成间接引语要作人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼语等方面的变化。 1. 人称的变化,包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。 eg . He said , “ I’ve left my book in your room . ” 他说:“我把我的书落在了你的房间。” He told me that he had left his book in my room . 他告诉我他把他的书落在了我的房间。 She said , “ He will be busy . ” 她说,“他将很忙。” She said that he would be busy . 她说他将很忙。 2. 时态变化:如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,若将直接引语变成间接引语,时态则有如下变化。 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 过去将来时 eg . (1)He said , “ I usually do sport in the morning . ” 他说,“我经常在早晨锻炼身体。” He said that he usually did sport in the morning . 他说他经常在早晨锻炼身体。 (2)Tom told me , “ I am playing computer games now . ” 汤姆告诉我,“我现在正在打电子游戏。” Tom told me that he was playing computer games then . 汤姆告诉我他那时正在打电子游戏。 (3)She said , “ I have seen the interesting film . ” 她说,“我已经看过那部有趣的电影了。” She said that she had seen the interesting film . 她说她已经看过那部有趣的电影了。 (4)He told me , “ I travelled to several African countries . ” 他告诉我,“我去过非洲的好几个国家旅游。” He told me that he had travelled to several African countries . 他告诉我他已去过非洲的好几个国家旅游。 (5)Jack said to us , “ A group of foreigners will visit our school . ” 杰克对我们说,“一个外国访问团将来我校参观。” Jack told us that a group of foreigners would visit our school . 杰克告诉我们一个外国访问团将来我校参观。 3. 时间状语的变化: (1)now→then (2)today→that day (3)tonight→that night (4)this week→that week (5)yesterday→the day before (6)yesterday evening→the evening before (7)last week→the week before (8)three days ago→three days before (9)tomorrow→the next / following day (10)tomorrow morning→the next morning (11)next week→the next week (12)in two months→two months after (13)the day after tomorrow→two days later eg . (1)They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说,“我们正在考试。” They said that they were have an exam then . 他们说那时他们正在考试。 (2)John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday . ” 约翰告诉我,“昨天大约有5000人去看音乐会了。” John told me that about 5,000 people had been to the concert the day before . 约翰告诉我头一天大约有5000人去看了音乐会。 (3)The farmer said , “ we will have a good harvest next year . ” 农民说,“明年我们将会有个大丰收。” The farmer said that they would have a good harvest the next year . 农民说他们转年将会有个大丰收。 4. 地点状语的变化:here→there eg . Mary said , “ we will have a press conference here tomorrow .” 玛丽说,“明天我们将在这里举办一个记者招待会。” Mary said that they would have a press conference there the next day . 玛丽说他们转天将在那里举办一个记者招待会。 5. 指示代词的变化:this→that;these→those eg . (1)Mary said to me , “ You can take this book . ” 玛丽说,“你可以拿这本书。” Mary told me that I could take that book . 玛丽告诉我,我可以拿那本书。 (2)The teacher said to Jack , “ You must copy these new words three times .” 老师对杰克说,“你必须把这些新单词抄三遍。” The teacher told Jack that he had to copy those new words three times . 老师告诉杰克他必须把那些新单词抄三遍。 6. 动词的变化:come→go;bring→take eg . (1)Uncle wang said , “ I will come to mend your machine next week . ” 王叔叔说,“我下周将来修理你的机器。” Uncle wang said that he would go to mend my machine the next week . 王叔叔说他转过周来将去修理我的机器。 (2)Mary said , “ Every time I go to my aunt’s , I will bring some fresh fruit to her .” 玛丽说,“每次我去我的姑姑家,我都要给她带一些新鲜的水果。” Mary said that every time she went to her aunt’s , She would take some fresh fruit to her . 玛丽说每一次她去她的姑姑家,她都要给她带一些新鲜的水果。 B. 直接引语是疑问句时,要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,同样地,主语的人称、时态、状语等也要做相应的变化。 ▲ 直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词if或whether引导。 ▲ 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的特殊疑问词来作连词。 ▲ 主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked。 ▲ 没有间接宾语的,可以加一个间接宾语。如me,him等。 ▲ 从句用陈述语序。 eg . (1)He said , “ Do you understand ? ” 他问,“你理解吗?” He asked me if / whether I understood . 他问我是否我理解了。 (2)He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ” 他问我,“中国的哪一个地方给你留下的印象最深刻?” He asked me which part of China impressed me most . 他问我中国的哪一个地方给我留下的印象最深刻。 C. 直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语可变为以下形式: sb(not)to do sth eg . (1)He said to Dr. Bethune , “ Don’t go on operating any more . ” 他对白求恩大夫说,“不要再进行手术了。” He told Dr. Bethune not to go on operating any more . 他告诉白求恩大夫不要再进行手术了。 (2)She said to us , “ Please have a rest . ” 她对我们说,“请休息一下。” She asked us to have a rest . 她请我们休息一下。 一. 完型填空: I think everyone should see Sundays in Kashgar(喀什噶尔) 1 least once . Kashgar 2 “ the pearl on the Ancient Silk Road ” . I arrived there early in the morning 3 it was still dark . With the stalls(摊位)here and there , the streets 4 . More and more horses , donkeys and sheep slowly entered the market , followed 5 farmers and herdsmen(牧民). Kashgar bazaars(市场)are famous 6 knives . Kashgar is also a hat-making centre . On each side of the streets were some blacksmiths’(铁匠)shops . The sound from them 7 in the streets . Hand-made goods were 8 sale . I picked some kebabs(烤肉串)for my 9 . 10 I was eating , I was watching some Uighur(维吾尔族的)girls dancing . It was a very enjoyable experience . I will never forget the trip . ( )1. A. for B. at C. on D. less ( )2. A. was called B. called C. was calling D. calls ( )3. A. but B. while C. although D. since ( )4. A. were crowding B. crowded C. were crowded D. was crowded ( )5. A. with B. as C. over D. by ( )6. A. with B. as C. over D. for ( )7. A. could be heard B. can be heard C. could hear D. can hear ( )8. A. for B. on C. at D. under ( )9. A. dinner B. food C. drink D. breakfast ( )10. A. By B. On C. Around D. While 二. 阅读理解: When I left college , I became a doctor . But I always wanted to travel , and so I made several voyages as a ship’s doctor . After I got married , I stayed at home . As I could not find a good job in my hometown , I decided to go to sea again . This time I joined a ship sailing(航行)to the islands in the South Pacific Ocean(南太平洋). At first , everything went well . We sailed across the Atlantic(大西洋), round the coast(海岸,沿岸)of Africa and into the Indian Ocean . But one day , a strong storm hit us and pushed our ship on a rock . The ship was broken in two . I got on a small boat and rowed towards the land . Suddenly a big wave hit it , I fell into the ocean again . I struggled(搏斗;努力)to swim , keeping my head above water . I didn’t know how many hours had passed before my feet touched land . I was so tired that I lay down and fell asleep . The next morning , when I woke up , I found that both my hands and feet were fixed to the ground . My long hair was tied to the ground , too . I … I couldn’t move . 1. What’s the meaning of the word “ voyage ” in the passage ? A. A long journey on a train . B. A long journey on a ship . C. A long journey on a bus . D. A long journey on a plane . 2. Why did he decide to go to sea again ? A. Because he wanted to travel . B. Because he would go to the South Pacific Ocean . C. Because he had got married . D. Because he wanted to earn more money . 3. What was his sailing route(航行路线)? A. The South Pacific Ocean→the Atlantic→the coast of Africa→the Indian Ocean . B. The Atlantic→the coast of Africa→the Indian Ocean→the South Pacific Ocean . C. The coast of Africa→the Indian Ocean→the South Pacific Ocean→the Atlantic . D. The Indian Ocean→the South Pacific Ocean→the Atlantic→the coast of Africa . 4. What didn’t happen to their ship ? A. A storm hit it . B. A big wave hit it . C. The ship knocked into a rock . D. The ship sank . 5. How did the man get on to the land ? A. A small boat took him to the land . B. He rowed to the land . C. He swam to the land . D. He didn’t know how he got to the land . 三. 综合填空: The Great Lakes along the border(边境)of the USA and Canada are famous and important . They m 1 the largest bodies of fresh water on our E 2 . For thousands and thousands of years people had lived h 3 beside the Lakes until in the twentieth century the two c 4 started to build factories along the shores . From these f 5 came tons and tons of waste into the Lakes , which soon p 6 the water . Once the Lakes were polluted and the ecosystem was made w 7 , people were worried . They tried very hard to s 8 the problem and to make the things right again . As a result , the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory was b 9 and a lot of research work was c 10 out . Today , people who live around the Great Lake have learned h 11 important it is to keep the ecosystem of the Great Lakes healthy and strong . 四. 选择填空: 1. — Who’s going to take care of the baby during the holiday ? — . A. It’s Barren B. It’s Barren’s C. Barren does D. Barren is 2. How much did he the apples ? A. pay for B. return to C. spend for D. look for 3. — with the fish ? — I’ve cooked it . A. Have you played B. What have you done C. Is there anything wrong D. What did you have 4. Here some eggs . Please help yourself to . A. it B. that C. one D. them 5. How many can you see on the island ? A. house B. building C. tree D. people 6. — My son is in trouble . — ? A. What’s that B. What does he do C. What happened D. What does he say 7. He’s taught maths in this school two years ago . A. before B. since C. about D. after 8. In a few days the teacher found a very good student . A. his is B. his C. him D. he 9. — Could I speak to Lucy , please ? — Sorry , she to the school library . A. is going B. has gone C. has been D. go 10. What a cold day when we stopped at the village ? A. was it B. is it C. it was D. it is 11. The girls each a good drink from the modern thermos . A. has B. have C. needs D. are 12. Mr. Bill was always ready to help others . He was . A. kind-heart B. kind-hearing C. kind-hearted D. kinded-heart 13. The sun is brighter that in the universe . A. any star B. any a star C. all the other stars D. all of stars 14. They like to others football . A. watch … playing B. see … played C. have a look … play D. look … to play 15. More and more buildings in Guangzhou now . A. were built B. have built C. is built D. are being built 16. In winter , when clothes are washed , they don’t . A. dry easier B. dry easiest C. dry easily D. be dried easy 17. She was trying her new coat when someone knocked at the door . A. out B. in C. on D. up 18. The People’s Republic of China was on October 1st , 1949 . A. found B. founded C. finded D. put 19. She was heard last Saturday . A. sing B. song C. to singing D. to sing 20. Neither Tom nor Bill and Jack planting the trees at ten o’clock yesterday morning . A. were B. was C. are D. is 21. Lucy is waiting No. 233 bus stop her father . A. at ...for B. on … at C. for … for D. for … at 22. — Must we clean and tidy our bedroom this . — No , you . A. won’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. needn’t 23. I was reading the magazine my sister was watching TV . A. because B. before C. while D. after 24. They a map of the world on the wall just now . A. hanging B. hung C. hanged D. hang 25. Could you tell me get to the bus stop ? A. how can I B. have could I C. how I could D. how I can 五. 不改变A句的意思,完成下列各句: 1. Russian is not the first language in China , Japan or Germany . Russian is the first language in of countries . 2. Salt is produced in east and south China . People in east and south China . 3. Alice pointed at a strange bird . The thing had three wings . Alice pointed a strange bird three wings . 4. Every time when Tommy sees the thermos , he will like to have a drink . The thermos Tommy feel . 5. In 1996 , the number of the students of our school was more than 2,000 . In 1996 , the number of the students of our school 2,000 . 6. Very many young people from all parts of the city came to the stadium . young people from all parts of the city came to the stadium . 7. The big hall was full of empty boxes . The big hall was empty boxes . 8. They always make friends with each other after fight . They always friends again after fight . 9. Can I help you , sir ? can I do you , sir ? 10. Miss Rose said to Hill , “ Will you have a ball next Sunday evening ? ” Miss Rose asked Hill he have a ball next Sunday evening ? 六. 下列各句中的A、B、C、D四个选项中,有一个是错误的,请找出来,并加以改正: 1. It was happened in 1996 . A B C D 2. The moon has be visited by man already . A B C D 3. Thanks for computers we can do problems quickly . A B C D 4. Under Mr. Thoma’s help , Jim passed the French exam . A B C D 5. The playground in our school keeps clean all the time . A B C D 6. The Greens have lived in German for over fifteen years . A B C D 7. When did you reach at the village ? A B C D 8. This kind of bicycles is made from metal . A B C D 9. I am watching TV when my father got home . A B C D 10. A car runs slowlier than a train . A B C D 七. 将下列直接引语改为间接引语: 1. The boy said , “ I am only eight years old . ” 2. She said , “ There are no lights in the room . ” 3. The boy said , “ I saw the tracks of a lost camel .” 4. The teacher said , “ Tom is a good student . ” 5. They said , “ We will never give in . ” 6. The man asked me , “ Are you afraid ? ” 7. The girl said to John , “ Is your deskmate right ? ” 8. He asked me , “ Have you read today’s paper ? ” 9. He said to me , “ Did you like to play football ? ” 10. John said , “ Did Mary pass the exam last week ? ” 11. Yu Ying asked , “ Who has taken my umbrella ? ” 12. The teacher asked , “ Why does he have so many strange questions ? ” 13. She asked , “ When will they start building a physics lab ? ” 14. He asked me , “ Where did you spend your holidays this year ? ” 15. The two men asked the Arab , “ What have you done with our goods ? ” 16. Mother said , “ Wash your hands before meals . ” 17. Li Hong said to her , “ Please tell me what happened . ” 18. Wang said , “ Don’t keep me waiting for a long time , Li Hua . ” 19. His mother said to him , “ Don’t play with fire . ” 20. He said to us , “ Get out of my way . ” 参考答案 一. 1—5 BABCD 6—10 DABDD 二. 1—5 BABDC 三. 1. make 2. Earth 3. healthily 4. countries 5. factories 6. polluted 7. wrong 8. solve 9. built 10. carried 11. how 四. 1—5 DABDD 6—10 CBCBC 11—15 BCCAD 16—20 CCBDA 21—25 ADCBD 五. 1. none , these 2. produce , salt 3. at , with 4. makes , thirsty 5. was , over 6. Lots , of 7. filled , with 8. are或become , a 9. what , for 10. if , would 六. 1. B去掉was 2. B be→been 3. A for→to 4. A Under→With 5. B keeps→is kept 6. B German→Germany 7. D 去掉at 8. C is→are 9. A am→was 10. B slowlier→more slowly 七. 1. The boy said that he was only eight years old . 2. She said that there were no lights in the room . 3. The boy said that he had seen the tracks of a lost camel . 4. The teacher said that Tom was a good student . 5. They said they will never give in . 6. The man asked me if I was afraid . 7. The girl asked John if his deskmate was right . 8. He asked me if I had read that day’s paper . 9. He asked me if I liked to play football . 10. John asked if Mary had passed the exam the week before . 11. Yu Ying asked who had taken her umbrella . 12. The teacher asked why he had so many strange questions . 13. She asked when they would start building a physics lab . 14. He asked me where I spent me holidays that year . 15. The two men asked the Arab what he had done with their goods . 16. Mother told me to wash my hands before meals . 17. Li Hong asked her to tell her what had happened . 18. Wang told Li Hua not to keep him waiting for a long time . 19. His mother told him not to play with fire . 20. He ordered us to get out of his way .查看更多