新课标备战中考复习错题专项突破H字母篇

新课标备战中考复习错题专项突破H字母篇

‎2011中考英语考前错题本 （H字母篇）‎ had better  ‎　　【误】 You have better hurry. ‎　　【正】 You had better hurry. ‎　　【析】 had better只用过去时had，不要误用成现在时have。 ‎　　【误】 You hadn't better worry. ‎　　【正】 You had better not worry. ‎　　【析】 had better后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。 ‎　　half  ‎　　【误】 I had driven about half mile. ‎　　【正】 I had driven about half a mile. ‎　　【析】 "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day，"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year，而应用six months；不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days. ‎　　【误】 Half us could go to the park. ‎　　【正】 Half of us could go to the park. ‎　　【析】 half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys. ‎　　【误】 One and half apples are left on the table. ‎　　【正】 One and half apples is left on the table. ‎　　【析】 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。 ‎　　【误】 Half of the work are done. ‎　　【正】 Half of the work is done. ‎　　【误】 Half of the six apples is red. ‎　　【正】 Half of the six apples are red. ‎　　【析】 "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致，如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。 ‎　　hand  ‎　　【误】 He shook hand with his teacher. ‎　　【正】 He shook hands with his teacher. ‎　　【析】 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：change hands (转手、易手)，in the hands of (由……控制)，join hands (与人合作)。 ‎　　happen  ‎　　【误】 What was happened to you last month? ‎　　【正】 What happened to you last month? ‎　　【误】 An accident was happened in this street last night. ‎　　【正】 An accident happened in this street last night. ‎　　【析】 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为"发生"讲的happen，take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me. ‎　　hard  ‎　　【误】 I have to study hardly. ‎　　【正】 I have to study hard. ‎　　【析】 hard是形容词，如：a hard work，但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为"几乎不"。 ‎　　【误】 I had my leg broken last term， so I couldn't hardly study at all. ‎　　【正】 I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all. ‎　　【析】 hardly意为"否定"，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. ‎　　have  ‎　　【误】 I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon. ‎　　【正】 I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon. ‎　　【析】 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。 ‎　　【误】 I have my bike to repair. ‎　　【正】 I have my bike repaired. ‎　　【析】 have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。) ‎　　【误】 Could you give me some money if you have. ‎　　【正】 Could you give me some money if you have any. ‎　　【析】 "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词，如：I want some books if there is any. ‎　　headache  ‎　　【误】 I've got headache. ‎　　【正】 I've got a headache. ‎　　【析】 Headache是一个规则的可数名词，所以可以讲：My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache，"肚子痛"stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。 ‎　　hear  ‎　　【误】 He was heard sing in the next room. ‎　　【正】 He was heard to sing in the next room. ‎　　【析】 hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。 ‎　　hear listen to  ‎　　hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing. ‎　　但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意，如：I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意：I often hear from my girl friend. ‎　　help  ‎　　【误】 Please help my homework. ‎　　【正】 Please help me do my homework. ‎　　【正】 Please help me with my homework. ‎　　【析】 help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事"，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。 ‎　　【误】 When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood. ‎　　【正】 When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood. ‎　　【析】 can't help doing something是"身不由己，情不自禁做某事"。 ‎　　【误】 Help yourself with some cakes. ‎　　【正】 Help yourself to some cakes. ‎　　【析】 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃"，英文中要用help somebody to something. ‎　　here  ‎　　【误】 Here the bus comes! ‎　　【正】 Here comes the bus! ‎　　【析】 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are! ‎　　high  ‎　　【误】 He is very high. ‎　　【正】 He is very tall. ‎　　【析】 英语中的两个"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。 ‎　　hit  ‎　　【误】 The mother got angry and hit the boy. ‎　　【正】 The mother got angry and beat the boy. ‎　　【析】 hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。 ‎　　home  ‎　　【误】 I'm tired. It's time I went to home. ‎　　【正】 I'm tired. It's time I went home. ‎　　【析】 home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外，还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。) ‎　　home house family  ‎　　home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming. ‎　　homgwork  ‎　　【误】 I have so many homework to do today. ‎　　【正】 I have so much homework go do today. ‎　　【析】 homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词)，fun，health information等。 ‎　　hope  ‎　　【误】 I hope you to be a good student. ‎　　【正】 I hope you will be a good student. ‎　　【析】 hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.‎ ‎　　【误】 I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow. ‎　　【正】 I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow. ‎　　【析】 hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如"我认为你错了"。应译为：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not.  ‎　　【误】 I hope your help. ‎　　【正】 I hope for your help. ‎　　【析】 hope for为"期望某事发生"，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。 ‎　　【误】 I was hopeful to pass the exam. ‎　　【正】 I was hopeful of passing the exam. ‎　　【析】 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。 ‎　　hospital  ‎　　【误】 My mother was in the hospital for two weeks. ‎　　【正】 My mother was in hospital for two weeks. ‎　　【析】 in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如："上学"为go to school，at school为"在校就读"，go to bed为"上床睡觉"。 ‎　　how  ‎　　【误】 I want to know how to do. ‎　　【正】 I want to know how to do it. ‎　　【析】 how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.‎ ‎　　【误】 How do you think about it? ‎　　【正】 What do you think about it? ‎　　【析】 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。 ‎　　hurry  ‎　　【误】 Let's hurry. There is a little time left. ‎　　【正】 Let's hurry. There is little time left. ‎　　【误】 Don't worry. There is little time left. ‎　　【正】 Don't worry. There is a little time left. ‎　　【析】 请注意英语中的惯用法："快点吧，没时间了"，或"别着急还有一点时间。" ‎　　【误】 The car is hurrying through the street. ‎　　【正】 The car is rushing throught the street. ‎　　【析】 hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。 ‎　　hundred  ‎　　【误】 There are two hundreds people here. ‎　　【正】 There are two hundred people here. ‎　　【误】 There are hundred of people here. ‎　　【正】 There are hundreds of people here. ‎　　【析】 hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s，这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样，而hundreds of是数百的，这一词组一定要加s. ‎　　hurt  ‎　　【误】 I don't want to wound her feelings. ‎　　【正】 I don't want to hurt her feelings. ‎　　【析】 wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词)，或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。‎