中考形容词副词知识点

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中考形容词副词知识点

形容词&副词知识点 考点一、形容词 ‎1、概念:形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征,用来修饰名词或不定代词,常作定语、表语、宾补 ‎2、分类:(1)根据构成,可分为简单形容词(kind, boring…)和复合形容词(kind-hearted, hard-working)‎ ‎(2)根据与所修饰的名词的关系,分为限定性形容词(a French dish, a Chinese table)‎ 和描述性形容词(a delicious dish, a smooth table)‎ ‎3、形容词的一般用法 ‎(1)形容词+名词,作定语—a good girl(good作girl的定语)‎ ‎(2)be/系动词+形容词,作表语—It is good. / It sounds great.(good表明it的状态和性质)‎ ‎(3)表语形容词,只能位于系动词后面作表语,不能作定语 eg:awake, alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill, frightened(scared可作定语)‎ ‎(4)动词+形容词(make / keep…adj.),作宾补—Robots can make humans lazy.(humans是宾语,lazy作宾补)‎ ‎(5)数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词(形容词后置)‎ eg:two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.‎ ‎(6)the+形容词,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数—the old / young / rich / poor.‎ ‎(7)形似副词的形容词—lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly ‎(8)以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物,以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人 eg:exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,‎ frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed ‎★★特殊的:pleasant令人愉快的人或物,pleased人感到满意愉快的 ‎(9)一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式 eg:be glad / happy / pleased to do sth. be sorry / sad / sure to do sth.‎ be ready / afraid / able to do sth. be easy / difficult to do sth.‎ ‎(10)只能作定语的形容词 eg:little, only, wooden, woolen, elder ‎4、形容词的位置 ‎(1)形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前,作定语 eg:an honest boy, many beautiful flowers…‎ ‎(2)多个形容词连用——先形状,后颜色,中间夹新旧,最后是材质 eg:this big new red plastic pen ‎① 描述性形容词:对某事物的总体评价 ‎② 形状(大小, 长短):oval, square, rectangle, triangle, round…, big, small, long, short ‎③ 新旧:new(young), old ‎④ 颜色:red, blue, white, black, purple, pink, yellow, orange, green…‎ ‎⑤ 材料:woolen, wooden, stone, golden, leather, woolen…‎ 描述性形 容词 形状(大小,长短)‎ 新旧 颜色 材料 名词 weak small old man beautiful little white stone bridge pretty big, round new red wooden desk nice long blue woolen sweater ‎(3)adj. / adv. + enough,enough后置 eg:old / tall / quickly enough ‎(4)不定代词+形容词,作后置定语—something important ‎(5)表语形容词作定语时,通常放在不定代词的后面,常用的是alive, awake, asleep等 eg:He was the only person awake at that night. / You are the happiest children alive.‎ ‎5、形容词的常见句式 ‎(1)It’s adj. of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事…”‎ 用法:这一句型中,用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词 常见的有:nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong ‎(2)It’s adj. for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说…”‎ 常用的形容词有:difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible 考点二、副词 ‎1、概念:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及整个句子的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等 ‎2、副词的分类 ‎(1)时间副词:now, early, then, soon, before, ago等 ‎(2)地点副词:home, here, there, out, above, below, outside, up, down, downstairs等 ‎(3)程度副词:very, much, still, almost, quite, so, too等 ‎(4)疑问副词:how, when, where, why等 ‎(5)关系副词:when, where why(放在引导的定语从句句首)‎ ‎(6)连接副词:how, where, why, whether等(引导宾语从句)‎ ‎3、副词的一般用法 ‎(1)用作状语 ‎① 修饰动词 eg:He speaks English very well.‎ ‎② 修饰形容词 eg:You have a very nice watch.‎ ‎③ 修饰其它副词 eg:You run too fast. / You did it pretty well.‎ ‎④ 修饰整个句子 eg:Luckily, He passed the exam successfully. / Suddenly, he fell into a river.‎ ‎(2)用作后置定语 eg:The people here are very friendly. / The weather abroad is different from ours.‎ ‎(3)用作表语,主要限于少数地点或方位副词,时间副词以及其它副词(in, out, on, off, up, down, over, around)‎ eg:I am home. / He’ll be back in two minutes.‎ ‎(4)用作宾补 eg:I saw him out.‎ ‎4、副词的位置 ‎(1)通常放在被修饰的动词后面 eg:He passed the exam easily. / We finished this task successfully.‎ ‎(2)频度副词always, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom常放在动词之前,be动词和情态动词之后 eg:He sometimes go to school on foot. / I seldom eat out on school days.‎ He is often late for school.‎ She can always go to school in a car.‎ ‎(3)程度副词放在被修饰的形容词之前 eg:He is very sad to hear that. / The boy is too young.‎ ‎(4)修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps, maybe, first, now, sometimes, finally等常放在句首 eg:Perhaps / Maybe you are right. First, let’s begin our class with a song.‎ Now, let me tell you something important. Finally, he appeared.‎ ‎(5)adv. + enough,enough后置 eg:If you have enough time, you can go now.‎ He runs quickly enough to get there on time.‎ ‎(6)时间副词和地点副词一般在句尾,地点副词在时间副词前,时间副词也可放在句首 eg:They went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.‎ ‎5、及物动词短语(后面的物是人称代词you, him, her, it, them时,必须放中间)‎ away:take away, put away, send away down:take down, write down, put down up:look up, send up, put up, dress up, ring up, give up out:find out, wear out, sell out, try out, take out on:put on, try on, turn on off:turn off, take off 其它的:look over, look around ‎6、几个常用副词的区别 ‎(1)how long / soon / often / far ‎① How long问时间和物体的长短 ‎② How soon“多久,多块”,用于一般将来时,用“in+时间段”来回答 ‎③ How often问做某事的频率,常用“once, twice, three times…”来回答 ‎④ How far问距离的长短 ‎(2)hard / hardly ‎① hard“努力地,认真地”,程度副词——work hard ‎② hardly“几乎不”,否定副词——He can hardly see the words on the blackboard.‎ ‎(3)much too / too much ‎① much too+adj. / adv.原级,与too many相对,中心词是too eg:much too cold / He finished his homework much too quickly.‎ ‎② too much+不可数名词,中心词时much——He has too much time.‎ too much也可作程度副词——Don’t eat too much, it’s bad for your health.‎ ‎(4)too, enough, so ‎① too…to…表示否定的意思,太…而不能 eg:He is too young to go to school.‎ ‎② adj. / adv.原级+enough+to do,足够…去…‎ eg:He is seven now, he is old enough to go to school.‎ ‎③ so+adj. / adv.原级+that+从句,如此…以至于…‎ eg:He is so young that he can’t go to school.‎ 考点三、形容词和副词的区别 ‎1、形容词用法:系动词+形容词,形容词+名词 eg:He is careful. / He is a careful boy.‎ ‎2、副词用法:行为动词+副词 eg:The bottle can break easily.‎ 考点四、形容词和副词的三级:原级、比较级和最高级 ‎1、adj. & adv.的比较级和最高级的规则变化:‎ ‎(1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级 ‎① 一般末尾直接加er和est eg:tall-taller-tallest, strong-stronger-strongest, long-longer-longest, hard-harder-hardest ‎② 以不发音的e结尾的形容词,在末尾直接加r或st ‎ eg:nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest, large-larger-largest ‎③ 辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,去y加ier和iest eg:happy-happier-happiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest, easy-easier-easiest, healty-healthier-healthiest ‎④ 以重读闭音节结尾的(辅-元-辅)形容词,且只有一个辅音字母,双写最后一个字母,再加er和est eg:fat-fatter-fattest, thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, big-bigger-biggest, red-redder-reddest ‎(2)多音节形容词的比较级和最高级和以ly结尾的大多数副词:加more和 (the) most eg:handsome-more handsome-(the) most handsome, beautiful-more beautiful-(the) most beautiful slowly-more solely-(the) most slowly, friendly-more friendly-(the) most friendly, ‎ quickly-more quickly-(the) most quickly, clearly-more clearly-(the) most clearly 其它常见词:interesting, difficult, important, popular, comfortable, necessary, successful, wonderful,‎ attractive, dangerous, terrible, humorous, delicious, expensive, excited ‎★特殊的:early-earlier-earliest ‎2、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级 good, well-better-(the) best, bad, badly, ill-worse-(the) worst, many, much-more-(the) most, old-elder, ‎ little-less-(the) least, far-farther-farthest(掌握)或further-furthest(了解)‎ ‎3、三级的用法 ‎(1)原级的用法:‎ ‎① 只能修饰原级的有very, as, so, too, enough, quite等 eg:The old man is too old to go on walking. / He runs so quickly that no one can catch him.‎ He is old enough to go to school.‎ ‎② 原级常用的句型结构 a) as…(形容词 / 副词原级)as… 表示“A和B的程度相同”‎ eg:He is as tall as his brother. / He runs as quickly as Jim.‎ b) not as / so…(形容词 / 副词原级)as… 表示“A不如B…”‎ eg:That girl isn’t as / so fat as Amy.‎ He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.‎ c) A…+倍数+as+adj. / adv.原级+as+B 表示“A是B的…倍”‎ eg:Our school is three times as big as this one.‎ He runs twice as quickly as Jim.‎ d) half + as + adj. / adv.原级+as 表示“…是…的一半”‎ eg:His apples are half as many as his sister’s.‎ He runs half as quickly as Jim.‎ e) less + adj. / adv.原级+than 表示“没有…adj. / adv.”‎ eg:She is less beautiful than her sister.‎ He runs less quickly than Jim.‎ ‎(2)比较级的用法:‎ ‎① A+v.+比较级+than+B,表示“A比B…” eg:Jim is taller than Tom. / Soccer is more popular than tennis.‎ ‎② A+v.+倍数+比较级+than+B,表示“A比B…”或“A比B…几倍”‎ eg:This ball is three times bigger than that ball.‎ He runs ten times faster than his brother.‎ ‎③ A+v.+比较级+than+any other+单数名词,或A+v.+比较级+than+the other+复数名词 表示“A比同一范围内任何一人/物都…”‎ eg:He is taller than any other student in our class. = He is taller than the other boys in our class.‎ She jumps higher than any other student. = She jumps higher than the other students.‎ ‎④ A+v.+the+比较级+of the two,表示“A是两者中较…的”‎ eg:He is the taller of the two boys.‎ ‎⑤ 比较级and比较级,表示“越来越…”(more and more + 多音节adj. / adv.原级)‎ eg:He is becoming taller and taller.‎ He does his homework more and more carefully.‎ ‎⑥ “the比较级,the比较级”表示“越…,越…”‎ eg:The more, the better.‎ The harder you study, the higher grades you will get.‎ The more we get together, the happier we will be.‎ ‎⑦ “疑问词+v.+比较级,A or B?”‎ eg:Which is bigger, this apple or that apple?‎ ‎⑧ 倍数+比较级+than,表示“几倍于…”‎ eg:He is two years older than her.‎ ‎⑨ 有表示程度的副词much, a little, even, rather等时,用比较级 eg:He is a little taller than her.‎ It’s even colder than yesterday.‎ ‎(3)最高级的用法 ‎① 主语+v.+the+最高级+(单数名词)in / of短语 eg:He is the tallest (boy) in our class.=He is the tallest of all the students.‎ He jumps (the) farthest in our class.‎ Winter is the coldest season of the year.‎ ‎② 主语+v.+one of+最高级+复数名词+in/of短语,表示“…是…中最…之一”‎ eg:He is one of the tallest boys in our class.‎ The Yangtz River is one of the longest rivers in the world.‎ ‎③ 特殊疑问词+v.+the+最高级,A, B or C? 用于三者及三者以上的比较 eg:Which is the tallest, Jim, Tom or Michael?‎ Which season do you like best, spring, summer, fall or winter.‎ ‎④ 序数词+最高级,表示“第几最…”‎ eg:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.‎ ‎⑤ 最高级可以用人称代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但不能再加the eg:This is my biggest apple.‎ Jane’s busiest day will be tomorrow.‎
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