中考阅读题型突破--推理判断题

中考阅读题型突破--推理判断题

推理判断题：‎ ‎.A考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。‎ 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.‎ ‎(2) We can infer from the text that _______.‎ ‎(3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.‎ ‎(4) From the story we can guess ______.‎ ‎(5) What would be happy if …?‎ B. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。‎ ‎(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?‎ ‎(2) The writer writes this text to ______.‎ ‎(3) The writer believes that ______.‎ ‎(4) The writer suggests that ______.‎ ‎   所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即从已知推未知。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。‎ ‎   中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：‎ ‎（1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。‎ ‎2014年厦门中考英语阅读理A篇 ‎ “ I don’t know “ Ben replies. “ Everything was going fine, but as I got higher, I was starting to get cold, so I turned off the big fan thing and then…. “‎ ‎41.The possible reason for the crash is that Ben _______.‎ A. shut off the big fan thing on the helicopter B. refused to talk with the instructor C. kept radioing in on the helicopter ‎2010年厦门中考英语阅读理解A篇 A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round. Thinking nothing of it, he continued.‎ Finally, he went to the check-out line, but the old lady got in front of him. “Excuse me,” she said, “I’m sorry if my staring at(盯着看) you has made you feel uncomfortable, it’s just because you look like my son, whom I haven’t seen for a long time.”‎ ‎“What a pity,” replied the young man, “is there anything I can do for you?”‎ ‎“Yes,” she said, “as I’m leaving, can you say ‘Good bye, mother!’? It would make me feel so much better.”‎ ‎“Sure,” answered the young man. So, when the old woman was leaving, he called out, “Good bye, mother!”‎ As she stepped up to the check-out counter(收银台), he saw that his total was $127.50. “How ‎ can that be?” he asked, “I only buy a few things!”‎ The clerk replied, “Your mother said that you would pay for her.”‎ ‎53. ________ wasn’t an honest person in this story.‎ A. The clerk B. The old lady C. The young man ‎54. At last, what the young man had to pay was ________ what he expected.‎ A. more than B. less than C. as much as ‎55. We know from the story that the old lady ________.‎ A. liked shopping B. had a son C. paid nothing ‎▲数字类题目：2014年厦门中考英语阅读理解E篇 Later on , man used tally marks to count. People would just scratch（划下）a line or tally mark for each object they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.‎ ‎58. If A and B each scratched three lines for their own objects to be counted, they would probably have objects in all.‎ ‎ A. three B. six C. nine ‎2013年厦门中考英语阅读理解E篇 Scientists have a way they use when they are trying to learn something new. It is called the scientific method of inquiry（科学探究方法）.‎ The first step is to ask a question. It could be “Why do birds fly south for the winter?” Or it could be “How does water turn into ice?” It could be about anything.‎ Then the scientist must do research. He or she could learn as much about the topic as possible. Next, the scientist makes a hypothesis. It could be “Bird fly south for the winter because they are cold.” Or it could be “Water will turn into ice when the temperature gets low enough” It’s a so called educated（有根据的）guess. Now, the scientist has a hypothesis, so it must be tested. Scientists do this by conducting experiments in labs, and others do them outdoors.‎ After the experiments are complete, the scientist must analyze the data（分析数据）. And he should compare it with the hypothesis. Was the hypothesis right or wrong? Even with a wrong hypothesis, scientists can still learn a lot. Finally, they should write about their results. That way, other people can learn, too.‎ We need __________ steps in all when we use the scientific method of inquiry.‎ ‎　　A. two B. four C.six ‎（2）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。‎ ‎2014年漳州市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解C篇 Some butterflies have bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings that show when flying, but when they rest on a tree or leaves, they close their wings.‎ ‎68.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________‎ A their wings B pattern colors C green leaves D some butterflies ‎（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。‎ ‎2010年厦门中考英语阅读理解A篇 Kaixin: We have to know how to control ourselves. We should keep our minds on study. Games are just games. I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free.‎ ‎64. From Kaixin’s words, we can guess that he is most probably a ________.‎ A. farmer B. worker C. student ‎2011年厦门中考英语阅读理D篇 He Dongping, a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University(WHPU)said:"To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source,kitchen waste.And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste." "However,it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem completely."he added.‎ ‎69.We can infer(推断）from this passage that______.‎ A. the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen waste B. the way of dealing with kitchen waste isn't good enough now C.we can stop the use of swill-oil in a short time if we take it serious ‎（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断 ‎    这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。‎ ‎2014年南平市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解B篇 Teenagers are very attracted by fashions，such as computers, television, iPad and cell phones.These can lead them into a field of real-world dangers…Although there are some dangerous effects, we should understand and enjoy the advantages that the new technology offers to teenagers.‎ ‎55. The writer’s attitude(态度) of having the latest cell phones is_________‎ A agreement B surprise C disagreement ‎ ‎2014年三明市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解C篇 However, in the new digitalage, we need to be careful when using smartphones. If you use them too much, you may turn into a dangerous addiction(上瘾).So it’s always best to use your smartphones properly.‎ ‎55.In the last paragraph, the writer wants to tell us_________‎ A smartphones must be used properly B smartphones play an important part in our lives C smartphones are turing students into a dangerous addiction A ‎ A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round. Thinking nothing of it, he continued.‎ Finally, he went to the check-out line, but the old lady got in front of him. “Excuse me,” she said, “I’m sorry if my staring at(盯着看) you has made you feel uncomfortable, it’s just because you look like my son, whom I haven’t seen for a long time.”‎ ‎“What a pity,” replied the young man, “is there anything I can do for you?”‎ ‎“Yes,” she said, “as I’m leaving, can you say ‘Good bye, mother!’? It would make me feel so much better.”‎ ‎“Sure,” answered the young man. So, when the old woman was leaving, he called out, “Good bye, mother!”‎ As she stepped up to the check-out counter(收银台), he saw that his total was $127.50. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only buy a few things!”‎ The clerk replied, “Your mother said that you would pay for her.”‎ ‎51. The young man was ________ that day.‎ A. doing some shopping B. having a walk C. visiting his mother ‎52. The old lady stood ________ the young man on the check-out line.‎ A. beside B. behind C. before ‎53. ________ wasn’t an honest person in this story.‎ A. The clerk B. The old lady C. The young man ‎54. At last, what the young man had to pay was ________ what he expected.‎ A. more than B. less than C. as much as ‎55. We know from the story that the old lady ________.‎ A. liked shopping B. had a son C. paid nothing ‎ ‎ B ‎ Recently, Chinese netizens(网民) enjoy themselves on “growing and stealing crops” on the Internet. This is a game called “Happy Farms”. Now more and more people are joining in the game and getting addicted. Because of this game, some players have been fired(解雇), lovers have broken up, but none of them can stop Happy Farms from becoming more popular.‎ Here we interviewed some young netizens and let’s see what their opinions were.‎ Nongmin: Playing Happy Farms at work, that’s terrible! A clerk was fired because she was online playing it at work.‎ King: I find that all the dreams of having houses and fields, which are very hard to get in real life, are very easy to be realized in the game. I think I know the reason why the game is so popular.‎ Kaixin: We have to know how to control ourselves. We should keep our minds on study. Games are just games. I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free.‎ Kitty: I like Happy Farms. My high-pressure work makes me feel like I can’t breathe(呼吸). I wish I could have a real house and farm, but it seems so far away. I have to turn to virtual(虚拟) nature for my own house and farm.‎ ‎61. From this passage, we know that “Happy Farms” is a ________ game.‎ A. boring B. popular C. dull ‎62. In the first paragraph, the underlined phrase “get addicted” means “________”.‎ A. be sorry to B. be afraid of C. be crazy about ‎63. Nongmin told us a/an ________ story about playing the game at work.‎ A. shocking B. exciting C. relaxing ‎64. From Kaixin’s words, we can guess that he is most probably a ________.‎ A. farmer B. worker C. student ‎65. ________ have the similar idea about the game.‎ A. Nongmin and King B. King and Kitty C. Kaixin and Kitty C ‎ More have heard of the American Prom.This is the senior students' school leaving party.The ‎ British name for the event is a Leaver's Ball or Leaver's Dinner,although some UK schools call ‎ them Proms,too.In Canada, Ireland and Australia the terms Grad or Formal are most common and in South Africa it is called a Matric Dance.‎ ‎ Some Matric Dances in South Africa still follows the old British traditions. Before the dance,pupils are given lessons in dancing.School leavers invite a partner to the dance.The girls have dresses especially made for the event. To save costs the dance is often held din the school hall.‎ ‎ American Proms have become elaborate(精心的）and expensive, complete with luxury hotel ballrooms(豪华的酒店舞厅），live bands and expensive prom dressed. They now include after-Prom activities that often extend into the early morning of the next day.‎ The Leaver's Ball in the UK is not so formal(正式）.The girls also wear ball gowns and the boys suits. A dinner and disco will be held at a a local hotel. Each pupil buys a ticket and can go with a partner or just arrive with friends.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎61.We learn from this passage that the Prom is a _______.‎ A. test B.game C.party ‎62. In Australia,people call "Prom"_______.‎ A. Leavers' Ball B.Grad or Formal C. Matric Dance ‎63. The most important activity in the Prom is______.‎ A. dancing B.eating C.meeting ‎64.The Matric Dance is often held in the_____.‎ A. school hall B.hotel ballroom C.local restaurant ‎65. According to this passage,the event in _____costs the most.‎ A. the United States B.the UK C.South Africa ‎ ‎ D After a study showed that one in every ten meals in the country may be cooked with dirty oil, the State Fool and Drug Administrations(SFDA)on Thursday issues an emergency notice(发布紧急通知）to restaurant nationwide,warning them against recycling oil.‎ The swill-oil is cooking oil refined from kitchen waste that has been recycled.Although it looks clean and clear, it's actually so dangerous to people's health that it may cause cancer.‎ ‎ According to a reporter, the swill-oil business is extremely profitable.Recycling one ton of kitchen waste will produce130 kg of swill oil. With its price being half that of normal cooking oil, a profit(利润）of 1.5 to 2 billion yuan is produced in the whole swill-oil business in the country every year.The profit is almost 200%,so it's easy to understand why the business is so hot.s ‎ He Dongping, a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University(WHPU)said:"To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source,kitchen waste.And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste." "However,it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem completely."he added.‎ ‎66. According to the study,______of us may have eaten the food cooked by dirty oil.‎ A. few B.nobody C.many ‎67. It's ______to tell the difference between swill-oil and normal cooking oil just by looking..‎ A. fast B.easy C.hard ‎68. The underlined sentence"The swill-oil business is extremely profitable" means that the swill-oil business is really a _____.‎ A.big money-maker B.common situation C.terrible thing ‎69.We can infer(推断）from this passage that______.‎ A. the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen waste B. the way of dealing with kitchen waste isn't good enough now C.we can stop the use of swill-oil in a short time if we take it serious ‎70. The main topic of this passage is about______.‎ A.restaurant service B.food safety C.eating habits It was Sunday. The train was crowded. A gentleman was trying to look for a place. In one of the cars he saw a vacant seat. But a small suitcase was lying on it and a young man was sitting next to it.‎ ‎"Is this seat taken?" asked the gentleman.‎ ‎"Yes, it's my friend's. " answered the young man. "He's just coming-this is his suitcase. "‎ ‎"Well," said the gentleman, "I'll sit here till he comes. " Five minutes later the train started, but nobody came.‎ ‎"Your friend is late," said the gentleman. "He has missed his train, but he need not lose his suitcase. " And with these words he took the suitcase and threw it out of the window.‎ The young man got up and tried to catch the suitcase, but it was too late. It was a good lesson* to him.-"It's impolite to take a second seat just for being more comfortable for oneself. "‎ ‎51. The gentleman was looking for a_________.‎ A. seat B. suitcase C. friend ‎52. "A vacant seat" is a seat that_________.‎ A. somebody sits on B. there's something on C. nobody sits on ‎53. In fact, the*suitcase belonged to the A. young man B. gentleman C. young man's friend ‎54. We know from the story that the young man_________.‎ A. was friendly and helpful B. was not honest C. told the truth ‎55. We can guess that the young man must feel very_________ in the end.‎ A. happy B. excited C. upset B One day, a teacher was giving a speech to his students. He held up (举起) a glass of water and asked the class, "How heavy do you think this glass of water is?"‎ The students' answers ranged from 20 g to 500 g. • "It does not matter on the weight itself. It depends on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call an ambulance (救护车). It is exactly the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes. "‎ If we carry our burdens (负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will not be able to carry on, the burden becoming increasingly heavier. "‎ ‎"What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it up again. "‎ We have to put down the burden sometimes, so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.‎ So before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Don't carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow.‎ Whatever burdens you are having now on your shoulders, let it down for a moment if you can.‎ ‎56. The teacher brought a glass of water to the class because_________.‎ A. he was very thirsty B. his arms were strong C. it was a good example ‎57. "A glass of water" in this passage referred to (指)_________.‎ A. knowledge B. the burden C. the time ‎ ‎58. According to the teacher, you may feel_________ if you put down the burden sometimes.‎ A. more energetic B. much heavier C. more stressed out ‎59. This was a lesson about_____‎ A. how to relax oneself in life B. how to solve a physics problem C. how to keep fit by drinking water ‎60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. You could become heavier and heavier if you held a glass of water in your hand.‎ B. All the students in the class knew what the weight of the glass of water exactly was.‎ C. The teacher had a good way of making his lesson clear and easy to be understood*‎ C To help you decide what might make a good pet, we've put together a pet checklist. We've named some of the animals that are often kept as pets. We've shown some good points and bad points about each. And we hope it may help you make the best choice (选择). ‎ Pick-a-Pet Checklist Pets Good Points Bad Points Easy to keep Enjoy being petted Good to hold Hard to house train Drop lots of hair Easily upset by high temperature Can be very interesting Can be friendly when young Against the law (法律) to keep in many states in the U. S. Can get unkind when older Easy to feed &. care for Can live indoors or out Fun to hold Very friendly May scratch furniture Little pans can be messy May kill birds May make you sneeze Come in many sizes Can live indoors or out Fun to love &- play with Very friendly Can give safety Can be smelly, messy, noisy Need to be licensed & trained May make you sneeze May bite (咬) if angry Need lots of attention ‎61. You are _________ to keep a raccoon as a pet in many places of America. ‎ A. suggested B. encouraged C. not allowed ‎62. It would be easier for you to keep a _________as a pet if you're often too busy to take care of it.‎ A. rabbit or raccoon B. rabbit or cat C. raccoon or dog ‎63. If you feed birds at home, you should be very careful to choose a_________as your another pet.‎ A. rabbit B. raccoon C. cat ‎64. The dog may_________you if you make it angry.‎ A. hurt B. fix C. train ‎65. The writer tries to help us_________with the checklist.‎ A. learn how to look after our pets B. find which animal is our best choice as a pet C. know what kind of animals can be kept as a pet D Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.‎ Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake.‎ ‎1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you.‎ ‎2. If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These could fall on you.‎ ‎3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, don't try to run outside and rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you'11 find it hard getting out. Don't get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong cover near you.‎ ‎4. When an earthquake has ended, be careful because aftershocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it's safe to get up.‎ ‎5. If you are at home and you smell gas (煤气) , open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can. A gas line in your house may be broken. This could be very dangerous.‎ ‎66. Most earthquakes are too_________to hurt people.‎ A. strong B. weak C. dangerous A. go to a playground B. stay under a tree C. stand by the window ‎68. If you're in a shop and far from the door, you'd better_________.‎ A. rush to the door fight away B. run after the people quickly C. hide yourself under a cover near you ‎69. The best title of this passage is "_________".‎ A. How dangerous the earthquake is B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake ‎70. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Most earthquakes are very dangerous, so we must be very careful every day.‎ B. You'd better keep away from those things that may fall on you wherever you are.‎ C. If you smell gas at home, try to hide under a desk and don't run outside quickly.‎ E How many kinds of shapes (形状) can you name? If something is round, what do you call it? You call it a circle. What can you see around you that looks like a circle?‎ Another shape is square. A square has four sides. Each side is the same length (长度). A square has four corners called right angles (直角).‎ A triangle is also a shape. The prefix "tri" on the base word "angle" means "three". A triangle always has three sides and three angles.‎ All the pages of your textbooks have four square corners, but the pages are not square. Can you tell why not? It is because the sides of each page are longer than the ends. Shapes like this are rectangles. You can say that they are rectangular shapes.‎ If you are given a piece of paper which is a rectangular shape, can you make the paper into a square? The answer is "Yes", and it seems not so difficult. Now fold the square. What shape have you got? Do you think it's very interesting?‎ ‎71. You usually learn the knowledge discussed in this passage in_________classes.‎ A. chemistry B. math C. history ‎72. Picture is a rectangle.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎73. Picture _________ shows the right marks of "side & end" according to the passage.‎ ‎74. Fold a square in the way of the picture shown on the right, you may get a shape of_________.‎ A. square B. rectangle C. triangle ‎75. In this passage, we've learned about_________kinds of shapes.‎ A. three B. four C. five