2020版高考英语复习unit9wheels知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit9wheels知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit9Wheels课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P273(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·济南5月高考针对性练习)LionsarethetoptouristattractiontoKenyaandalsoconsideredcriticallyendangered.Oneofthemaincausesoftheirdeathisthatpeoplekilltheminreturnforlionsattackingtheircows.“Weputourcowsinasmallcowshelteratnight，”localssaid,“andthat’swhenthetroublewouldstart.Lionswouldjumpintheshelterandkillthecows.”Therehavebeenalotofeffortstotrytoprotectthelions,buttheyareincrisisandeveryoneislookingforasolution.Oneideawaslandtenancy(租用)，andanotherwaslionprooffences.However,nooneevenknewthatRichardTurere,a13yearoldMaasaifromKenya,hadalreadycomeupwithsomethingthatworked.OnenightRichardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlightanddiscoveredthelionswerescaredofamovinglight.Anideawasborn.Threeweekslater,Richardinventedasystemoflightsthatflasharoundthecowshelter,mimickingahumanwalkingaroundwithaflashlight.Hissystemismadefrombrokenflashlightpartsandanindicatorboxfromamotorcycle.“TheonlythingIboughtwasasolarpanel(太阳能电池板),whichchargesabatterythatsuppliespowertothelightsatnight，”Richardsays.HecallsthesystemLionLights.Hissimplesolutionwassosuccessful.HisneighborsheardaboutitandwantedLionLightstoo.Heputinthelightsforthem.Fromthere,thelightsspreadandarenowbeingusedallaroundKenya.SomeoneinIndiaistryingthemoutfortigers.InZambiaandTanzaniathey’rebeingusedaswell.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。狮子因为经常偷袭肯尼亚当地人饲养的奶牛而遭到杀害，这导致肯尼亚狮子的数量大量减少，已经濒临灭绝。人们想出多种方法来保护狮子，n但收效甚微。当地一个13岁的男孩发明了一种“狮灯系统”解决了这一难题。1．Whydolocalpeoplekilllions?A．Toattracttourists.B．Toprotecttheircows.C．Tosellthemformoney.D．Toscareawaylargeanimals.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Oneofthemaincausesoftheirdeathisthatpeoplekilltheminreturnforlionsattackingtheircows.”可知，狮子死亡的主要原因之一是狮子袭击当地人的奶牛，为了保护奶牛，他们不得不杀死狮子，故B项正确。2．WhatmakesRichard’sideasuccessful?A．Thatthelightswillcostnothing.B．Thatthesystemcanprotectlions.C．Thatthelionsareafraidofamovinglight.D．Thatthecowsarelawfullykilled.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“OnenightRichardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlightanddiscoveredthelionswerescaredofamovinglight.”可知，一天晚上，Richard发现狮子害怕移动的光；结合下文他发明的装在牛棚上的闪光灯取得良好的效果可知，他的想法成功的原因是狮子害怕移动的光，故C项正确。3．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A．LionLightsB．ProtectingLionsC．EndangeredCowsD．LionproofFencesA　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文倒数第二段尾句“HecallsthesystemLionLights.”为文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了肯尼亚的一个13岁男孩发明“狮灯系统”的过程，这种方法既保护了当地的奶牛免遭狮子袭击，也保护了狮子免遭杀害，故A项最适合作为本文的标题。B(2019·吉林省实验中学月考)Howdotheworld’sonlyflyingmammalscommunicate?Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew“dialects”simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly,makingthemoneofthefewanimalsknowntohaveacapacityfornvocal(声音的)learning.“Thesebatsmayhelpusclarifytheevolutionofspeechacquisition(习得)skills，”saysYosefPrat,aPhDatTelAvivUniversity(TAU)．Foroneyear,researchersraised14Egyptianfruitbatpupswiththeirmothersinthecontrolledarea,exposingeachyoungbattotwodifferentvocalizations:thenaturalcallofitsmotherandaseparaterecordingthatvariedinpitch(音高)orfrequency.Theyfoundthatthepupsineachgroupdevelopedadialectliketherecording.“Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvocalizationsregardlessofwhattheyhear,andthathumanvocallearningabilitieshavedevelopedduringevolution，”saysMr.Prat.“Thefindingthatbatslearnthecommondialectintheirrestplacewasunusual.”Scientistsknowlittleabouttheoriginofspokenlanguage,whichisbelievedtohaveappearedinhumanswithinthepast500，000years.Dozensoftheoriesattempttoexplainthecomplexityofthisskill,butnonehavedonesoconclusively.“Studyingvocalcommunicationandvocallearninginanimalmodelsisaveryusefulwaytoapproachtheproblem，”saysOlgaFeher,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.“Butanimalvocalizationsandhumanspeechareverydifferentthings，”saysJaminPelkey,aprofessoratRyersonUniversity.“Allspeciescommunicate.Unlikeotheranimals,though,humanbeingsareabletousesoundpatternsforfunctionsthatarefarstranger—functionsthatareimaginative,theoretical,andcritical.Whenspeechisinvolvedinthesestrangerfunctions,thatiswhatwemeanbyspoken‘language’．”【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究人员发现，蝙蝠可以通过发出一种声音来沟通交流，不同群体的蝙蝠会发出不同的声音。人们想通过研究蝙蝠的这种交流方式来探索语言发展的本源，但也有人指出动物的“语言”交流和人类的语言是有本质的区别的。4．Howdoyoungbatsacquiretheir“language”accordingtotheresearch?A．Flyingintheairslowly.B．Hearingitagainandagain.C．Communicatingwithpartners.D．Repeatingitwiththeirmothers.B　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词youngbats和acquiretheir“language”可以定位至第一段。由该段第二句“Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew‘dialects’simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly...”可知，蝙蝠幼崽是通过一遍遍地听来学习“语言”的。故选B。n5．Whatwasthegeneralviewaboutanimalvocalization?A．Mostanimalsarebornwithit.B．Itsprocesswasunusual.C．Itiseasierthanhumanspeech.D．Whatanimalshearddoesn’taffecttheirlearning.D　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词generalview和vocalization可定位至第二段。由该段的倒数第二句“Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvocalizationsregardlessofwhattheyhear...”可知，大多数动物不管听到什么，其天生的发音能力都会自然发育。据此可知，动物所听到的不会对它们的发声能力有影响，故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“problem”inParagraph4referto?A．Thedifferencebetweenanimalsandhumans.B．Thecomplexityofspokenlanguage.C．Theoriginofspokenlanguage.D．Thestudyofanimalmodels.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，科学家们对口头语言的起源问题知之甚少，也没有一种能够服众的理论。结合画线单词所在句“Studyingvocalcommunicationandvocallearninginanimalmodelsisaveryusefulway...”可知，用动物作为研究对象是解决这一问题的一种很有用的方法；据此可知，画线单词指代“口头语言的本源是什么”这一问题，故选C。7．WhatdoesprofessorPelkeythinkofresearchingyoungbats?A．Itisfarfromthefact.B．Itsresultisbeyonddoubt.C．Itisofgreatscientificvalue.D．Itdoesn’trelatetohumanspeechmuch.D　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Pelkey可定位至第五段。由该段第一句可知，佩尔基教授认为动物发声和人类语言不大一样。C(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)Bytryingtotickle(使发痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithnpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathenstimulated(刺激)thatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.“It’strulygroundbreaking，”saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewedthepaper.“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirstnoticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershadalreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworkednoticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid,“Let’sgoandticklesomerats.”Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous，”saidDanielO’Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout？”hesaid.“Thisisthefirststeptowardsansweringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor(严谨)．”【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。8．Whatcontributedtohumans’beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?A．Theirspecialskin.B．Theirsocialpleasure.C．Theirnervoussystem.D．Theirwillingnesstotouch.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。n9．WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?A．Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.B．Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.C．Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.D．Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。10．Theunderlinedword“squeaked”inParagraph2maybereplacedby“________”．A．gaveasmileB．madeanoiseC．burstintotearsD．watchedwithstaringeyesB　解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLifeofRatsB．HowRatsLaughC．AWonderfulScientistD．ANewDiscoveryaboutRatsD　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。D(2019·贵阳摸底考试)Pollution’sseriouseffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears.Mostscientistsagreethateffortsarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.Asweknow,theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.Sogreenbuildingsareingreatneed.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofgreenbuildingsincludetheprotectionofecosystemsandbiodiversity(生物多样性),improvedairandwaterquality,lesswastenflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholivethere.Theprocessofbuildinggreenhousesincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings,reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialslongdistances.Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize(使减少到最低限度)humaneffectsonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes(微风)andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones.Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts.Theseroofsarepartiallyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostslow,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterprotection,recyclingandwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableenergysourcessuchassolarpower,waterpowerandwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheinfluenceontheenvironment.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。12．Whatcanweknowaboutgreenbuildings?A．Producingnowaste.B．Onlyusingcleanenergy.C．Beingmadeofnewmaterials.D．Beingenvironmentfriendly.D　解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。13．Whatisagreenbuildingprobablylikeaccordingtothefifthparagraph?A．Large.B．Small.C．Green.D．Low.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Moreenergyandexpensesareneedednforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。14．Whatisthepurposeofusinggreenroofs?A．Tofittheenvironment.B．Tokeepwarm.C．Tocollectnaturewater.D．Toreducecosts.D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Promotingenergyefficiency.B．Environmentalbenefits.C．Greenbuildings.D．Ecosystemsandbiodiversity.C　解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“greenbuildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。七选五(2019·合肥第二次教学质量检测)WhattoDoWhenSomeoneDoesn’tLikeYouWhensomeonetellsme“Idon’tcareifpeoplelikeme”，theyareshowingmetheemotionalwalltheyusetoblockthehurtofrejection.Ashumansaresocialanimals,allofuscareifpeoplelikeus.Basedontheneedforsocialconnection,yourreactionstorejectionandnegativejudgmentcanrangefromminorhurttooutbreaksofdepression.1.________Thefirststeptohandleanegativesituationistorecognizeyourreaction.Askyourself,“WhatamIfeeling？”2.________Anybetrayal(背叛)orembarrassmentinyourheart?Identifywhatfeelinghasshownupinyourbody,soyoucanchoosewhattodonext.3．________Whenyousenseyourselfshuttingdownorfeelingdefensive,askyourselfwhatthepersonactuallymeanttodotoyou.Didtheytrulymeantooffendyou,ormakefunofyou?Yourbrainworksveryhardtokeepyousafe,soitwilljudgeasituationasthreateningifthereisanypossibilityofsocialharm.Whenourbrainssenseapossiblethreat,wereactasifwewerepersonallynattacked.Takeabreathtorelievethestress.4.________Finally,ifyoubelievethepersondoesn’tlikeyou,askyourselfifthismatters.5.________Ifnot,whatcanyoudotoreleaseyourneedtobelikedbythisperson?And,whatcanyoudotostayneutralandnotreturnthedislike?Themoreyoucancometoacceptothersaswhotheyare,themoreyoucanmoveforwardwithyourgoalsregardlessofifsomeonelikesyouornot.A．Ifyoucan,lookthepersoninhiseyes.B．Doyoufeelanyfearorangerinyourhead?C．Askyourselfwhatistrueaboutthesituation.D．Oftenpeopledonotrealizetheimpactoftheirwords.E．Willtheperson’sjudgmentofyouimpactyourworkorlife?F．Theabilitytoletashowofdislikerolloffyourbackisalearnedskill.G．Thiswillgroundyouinthepresentandtakeyououtofyourtremblingmind.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。1．F　解析：由空处承接下文“Thefirststeptohandleanegativesituationistorecognizeyourreaction.”可知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选F项。2．B　解析：由空处承接上文“Askyourself,‘WhatamIfeeling？’”可知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文“Anybetrayal(背叛)orembarrassmentinyourheart”呼应，所以选B项。3．C　解析：由空处承接下文“Whenyousenseyourselfshuttingdownorfeelingdefensive,askyourselfwhatthepersonactuallymeanttodotoyou.”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。4．G　解析：由空处承接上文“Takeabreathtorelievethestress.”可知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。5．E　解析：由空处承接上文“Finally,ifyoubelievethepersondoesn’tlikeyou,askyourselfifthismatters.”可知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P276(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·赣州十四县联考)Iamasocialworker.Iwantedtotelleveryoneaboutmynverydearfriendwhopassedawayafewmonthsago.Imethimmanyyearsagowhiledoingmyinternship(实习期)inthecountryprison.Hewas__1__aprogramhehaddesignedtohelpprisonerswithdrugandalcoholproblems.Hewasalways__2__newwaystobringhopeandhelptothesemenandtheir__3__．Oneofhisfavorite__4__wastheToyDrive.HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.Hedidthisfortwentyyears__5__hissuddendeath.AslastChristmas__6__，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe__7__，forthechildrenaswellasthe__8__ofmyfriend.Butthefilewherehekeptthenamesofthepeoplewhohadbeenhelpedbyhimovertheyearswas__9__.Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle__10__！Istartedmakingphonecalls,explainingabouttheprojectandmy__11__．Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould，__12__，beworthyofmyfriend.Tomygreat__13__，individuals,churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboardand，__14__，Ihadenoughtoystogivetoallthechildrenoftheprisonerswithsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity__15__！WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived,Ifeltveryhappy,thinkingIhaddoneallIcoulddoandreflectingonwhata(n)__16__ithadbeenforme.Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys__17__iftherewasanyoneleftwhomightlikethem.Thenmyphonerang.Itwasmydaughter.She__18__toexplainaboutawomansheknewinKentuckywhohadfivechildren,oneseriouslyill,nohusband,noheatinginthehome,notoys!Oh!Howcouldwenot?MydaughterandIdroveallnight,fromNewYorktoKentucky,andthosechildrenwokeupinanicewarmhousewithplentyof__19__！Myfriend’s__20__ofkindnesslivedonthatyear,reachingallthewaytoKentucky!【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。1．A.recordingB．attendingC．directingD．improvingC　解析：根据下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”，并与空后的“program”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。record“记录，记载”；attend“参加，出席，到场”；direct“负责，n管理”；improve“提升”。2．A.puttingupwithB．comingupwithC．keepingupwithD．catchingupwithB　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。putupwith“忍受”；comeupwith“想出”；keepupwith“跟上”；catchupwith“赶上”。3．A.groupB．familyC．companyD．clubB　解析：根据下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。4．A.eventsB．sportsC．hobbiesD．gamesA　解析：根据下文的“Istartedmakingphonecalls,explainingabouttheproject”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould，________，beworthyofmyfriend.”呼应。event“事件，活动”。5．A.afterB．sinceC．becauseD．untilD　解析：根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离世。6．A.arrivedB．followedC．approachedD．finishedC　解析：根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived”呼应。approach“临近”。7．A.carriedoutB．livedonC．carriedonD．livedoutC　解析：参见上题解析。carryout“实行”；liveon“以……为生”；carryon“继续”；liveout“不住在工作场所，实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。8．A.benefitB．memoryC．pleasureD．favorB　解析：上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了缅怀自己的朋友，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处，益处”；memory“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favor“善意的行为”。9．A.activeB．extranC．hidingD．missingD　解析：根据下文的“Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle________！”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的，另外的”；missing“找不到的，丢失的”。10．A.timeB．pressureC．energyD．confidenceA　解析：根据上文的“AslastChristmas________，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe________，forthechildrenaswellasthe________ofmyfriend.”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11．A.difficultiesB．impressionC．importanceD．atmosphereA　解析：在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“气氛”。12．A.otherwiseB．howeverC．somehowD．thoughC　解析：根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否则，要不然”；somehow“以某种方式”。13．A.curiosityB．disappointmentC．reliefD．thoughtC　解析：根据下文的“individuals,churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboard”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“宽慰”。14．A.eventuallyB．occasionallyC．absolutelyD．generallyA　解析：根据下文的“Ihadenoughtoys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔，偶然，间或”；absolutely“完全地，绝对地”；generally“总体上来说，大致”。15．A.inparticularB．aswellC．oncemoreD．atfirstB　解析：根据上文的“withsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。inparticular“尤其，特别”；aswell“也”；oncemore“再一次”；atfirst“开始”。16．A.honorB．pitynC．burdenD．discoveryA　解析：根据上文的“Ifeltveryhappy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。honor“荣誉，荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discovery“发现”。17．A.predictingB．wonderingC．evaluatingD．realizingB　解析：根据上文的“Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现，意识到”。18．A.droveB．cameC．returnedD．calledD　解析：根据上文的“Thenmyphonerang.”和“Itwasmydaughter.”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。19．A.chocolatesB．candiesC．toysD．flowersC　解析：根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。20．A.spiritB．positionC．courageD．attentionA　解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。语法填空(2019·陕西第二次教学质检)InSeptember,inBritain,youmayseealotofswallows.Theyaregatheringtogetherbecause,verysoon,theywillbeflyingsouthtomuch1.____________(warm)lands,wheretheywillfindplentyofsmallflyinginsectson2.____________theyfeed.TherearenosuchinsectsaboutinBritainduringthewinter,asitistoocold3.____________them.Theswallowssettle,flyoff,dash,andsettleagain.Thistheydomanytimes,fortheyaremakingshortpracticing4.____________(flight)inordertobefitforthelongjourneyaheadofthem.Flocksofthese5.____________(migrate)birdsleaveBritainintheautumn.Theyfly6.____________(steady)forhundredsofmilesbeforetheyreachthewarmlandsofAfrica.Butnotallthebirdsgetthere,formanyofthemdieinthe7.____________(storm)weathertheymeetwithontheway.InthespringofthefollowingyeartheymakethelongandtiringjourneybackntoBritain.Theyget8.____________(settle)onthesamebarnortreeinthesamedistrictwhichthey9.____________(leave)thepreviousautumn.Nobodyknowsexactlyhowthesebirdsfindtheirwaythereandbackoversuchvastdistance,butithassomethingtodo10.____________windsandaircurrents.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国燕子的迁徙。1．warmer　解析：考查形容词的比较级。它们聚集到一起是因为不久之后它们将飞往南方比较温暖的地方。根据语境可知此处应用形容词的比较级。2．which　解析：考查关系词。在那里，它们会发现大量的小飞虫，它们以此为食物。根据语境及句型结构可知，此处应用onwhich引导定语从句，which代替上文提到的insects。3．for　解析：考查介词。因为对它们来说，英国的冬天太冷了。此处用介词for表示“对……来说”。4．flights　解析：考查名词单复数。它们正在做短程的飞行训练。根据语境可知，此处飞行不止一次，所以名词的复数符合语境。5．migrating　解析：考查非谓语动词。在秋天的时候，这些成群的迁徙的鸟儿离开英国。根据句意可知birds与动词migrate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。6．steadily　解析：考查副词。在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前，它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处应用副词修饰动词。7．stormy　解析：考查形容词。但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那儿，因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知，此处修饰名词应用形容词。8．settled　解析：考查动词语态。此处getsettled意为“定居下来”，构成被动语态。9．left　解析：考查动词时态。它们在同一地区相同的谷仓或树上定居下来，那是它们前一年秋天离开的地方。根据句意可知，此处“离开”是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。10．with　解析：考查固定短语。havesomethingtodowith...意为“与……有关”，为固定短语。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P277(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)　第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·厦门质量检测)China’smostfamouswallmayhavebeenbuilttokeeppeoplenaway,butanewkindofwallisbringingpeoplealot61.____________(close)together.OnJanuary29，hooksandhangersappearedonthesideofaQingdaobuildingunderthewords：“Ifyouneedit,takeit.”This“wallof62.____________(kind)”，thecreationoflocalcharityChuangyiWorkshop,63.____________(invite)passersbytoleavetheirsparewarmclothesandencouragesthose64.____________areinneedtotakethem.“Itisjustlikewhatyoudoathome.Youhangyourclotheswhenyougethome.Youtakethemdown65.____________putthemonwhenyougoout，”saidWangLei，directorofChuangyiWorkshop.66.____________(inspire)byasimilarplaninIran,sheputitintopracticeinChinaasthecountryexperienced67.____________(it)coldestwinterindecades.Wangandhercolleaguesreceivelotsofclothesfrompeople，especiallyinwinter.She68.____________(touch)bypeople’sgenerosity.“Someoftheclothingisalmostnew.Idon’tevenhavetowashmyhands69.____________sortingit.”ManysuchwallshavealsoappearedinseveralotherChinese70.____________(city).Thissimplewayofhelpingpeopleisnowmakingabigdifferencetosociety.【解题导语】　本文讲述了青岛一座建筑物墙上的一条标语“如果你需要它，就拿走它。”这其实是通过向人们收集闲置的衣物来帮助有困难的人御寒过冬的，这也体现出了人性的善良和仁慈。61．closer　解析：考查形容词比较级。这里表示一种新的墙正在将人们的距离拉得更近，此处alot修饰比较级，故应填closer。62．kindness　解析：考查词性转换。介词of之后应填名词作宾语，这里指“这面善良之墙”，故应填kindness。63．invites　解析：考查主谓一致及时态。本文描述的都是目前的状况，而且主语为单数，因此动词应用一般现在时态的第三人称单数形式，故应填invites。64．who　解析：考查定语从句引导词。这里“those”为先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who来引导。65．and　解析：考查连词。“takethemdown”与“putthemon”为并列关系，同时作谓语，故应填表示并列关系的连词and。66．Inspired　解析：考查非谓语动词。这里作原因状语，且inspire与句子的主语she之间为被动关系，故应填过去分词形式inspired，注意首字母大写。67．its　解析：考查形容词性物主代词。这里修饰空后的名词winter，应用形容词性物主代词its。n68．istouched　解析：考查动词时态和语态。句子缺少谓语部分，主语“She”与动词“touch”之间为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故应填istouched。69．after　解析：考查连词。这里表示在分类之后作者甚至不需要洗手，强调动作的先后顺序，应填连词after。70．cities　解析：考查名词的数。根据前面的修饰词“severalother”可知，应填名词的复数形式。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·惠州调研)Notlongago，IwastouchedbythereplyfromTsinghuaUniversitytoWeiXiang，whicharousedaheatingdiscussion.AsWeiXianglosthisfatherinaveryearlyage,hewasbroughtupbyhermother.Despiteofseriousillness,heovercamealldifficultiesandwasadmittoTsinghuawithhighmarks.HewrotealettertoTsinghuatoapplyforaseparateroom,wherehismothercouldtakecareofhiminthenextfouryear.Inthereply,theschoolpromisetosatisfyallhisrequirementsandencouragedhimtohavestrongbeliefinlife.Itisnotonlytheinspiringstorybutalsothewarmthfromtheuniversitywhichattractsthepublic’sattention.FromWei’sstory,Ilearnedthathardworkwouldfinalpayoff.答案：Notlongago,IwastouchedbythereplyfromTsinghuaUniversitytoWeiXiang,whicharousedadiscussion.AsWeiXianglosthisfatheraveryearlyage,hewasbroughtupbymother.Despiteseriousillness,heovercamealldifficultiesandwastoTsinghuawithhighmarks.HewrotealettertoTsinghuatoapplyforaseparateroom,wherehismothercouldtakecareofhimninthenextfour.Inthereply,theschooltosatisfyallhisrequirementsandencouragedhimtohavestrongbeliefinlife.Itisnotonlytheinspiringstorybutalsothewarmthfromtheuniversityattractsthepublic’sattention.FromWei’sstory,Ilearnedthathardworkwouldpayoff.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·南宁摸底联考)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：1．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；2．推荐理由；3．表达祝愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearPeter，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear__Peter，IamgladtohearthatyouareeagertoimproveyourChineseandknowmoreaboutChineseculture.It’smypleasuretorecommendsomeresourcestoyou.Readingsomepopularnewspapersandmagazines，suchasSouthernWeekly,isthefirstchoice,fromwhichyoucangetlotsofinformationaboutChinesecustoms.Besides,thereareotherwaystoexperiencetheChineselanguageandcultureonthenInternet,onTVorwithsomeapps.Theinterestingnewsandstoriesintheseresourcesaresoamazingthatyouwillneverfeelbored.Iamsureyoucanbenefitalotfromthem.IsincerelyhopethatyoucanmakegreatprogressinlearningChineseandhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Yours，Li__Hua