2020版高考英语复习unit4cyberspace知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit4cyberspace知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit4Cyberspace课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P248(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·武汉部分学校新高三调研测试)KIPPschoolsworkcloselywithfamiliestocreateawelcomingschoolenvironmentwherestudentscansucceed.Throughphonecalls,emails,homevisits,andparent－teacherconferences,KIPPschoolsregularlycommunicatewithfamiliesabouttheirchild’sacademicdevelopmenttohelpstudentsfromeducationallyunderservedcommunitiesdeveloptheknowledge,skills,character,andhabitsneededtosucceedincollegeandthecompetitiveworldbeyond.Enroll(注册)ataKIPPschoolKIPPschoolsaretuition－free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents.ToenrollyourchildinaKIPPschool,pleasecontacttheschoolinyourcommunitydirectlybyphoneoremail.AsafeandstructuredenvironmentStudentsneedphysicalandemotionalsafetyinordertotakerisksandlearnfromtheirsuccessesandtheirmistakes.Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions(使人分心的事)andmoretimeforacademicstudies,soourstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning.Athree－waypartnershipBychoosingKIPP,students,parents,andteachersmakeacommitmenttoexcellence.Allthreepartiesareinittogether.Theysignanagreementcalledthe“CommitmenttoExcellence”，whichensuresthateachwilldowhateverittakestohelpthestudentlearn.AllKIPPschoolsshareacommonapproachandyeteveryKIPPschoolisunique.Touraschooltobetterunderstandtheculture,schedule,andcurriculum.【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国KIPP学校，包括家校互通的方式，注册方法以及安全、有条理的教学环境等。1．WhoareallowedtobeadmittedtoKIPPschools?A．Studentsfromallclasses.B．Studentswithgoodtalents.nC．Studentsfrompoorfamilies.D．Studentswithspecialeducation.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“KIPPschoolsaretuition－free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents.”可知，KIPP学校是免费对所有学生开放的公立学校。据此可知，各个阶层的学生都可以申请入学KIPP学校，故A项正确。2．WhydoesKIPPofferastructuredenvironmentforstudents?A．Tocommunicatewitheachother.B．Toreduceparents’worries.C．Tolengthenthetimeinlearning.D．Tosharetheirexperience.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions(使人分心的事)andmoretimeforacademicstudies,soourstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning.”可知，KIPP学校提供有条理的教学环境旨在延长学生的学习时间，使学生热爱学校、并使他们的学习效果最大化，故C项正确。3．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．Toattracttourists.B．Tomakeasummary.C．Tointroducetheschool.D．Tomakeasuggestion.D　解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段“AllKIPPschoolsshareacommonapproachandyeteveryKIPPschoolisunique.Touraschooltobetterunderstandtheculture,schedule,andcurriculum.”可知，所有的KIPP学校都有一个共同的方法，然而每个KIPP学校都是独一无二的；你可以参观一所KIPP学校，以更好地了解校园文化、时间表和课程。据此可以判断，最后一段旨在提出参观一所KIPP学校的建议，故D项正确。B(2019·太原第一学期高三年级阶段测评)Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraightAstudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild“You’resosmart！”maybecounterproductive．Why?Accordingtoa2017study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback(重整旗鼓)frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”(believingthatyoucanworknhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange)．Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafastpacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalfsecondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”，onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:Don’tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildrenhandsyouanA＋score,don’tsay,“You’resosmart！”Instead,say，“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial—waytogo！”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Besides,manyparentsshyawayfromaddressingtheirchildren’smistakes,tellingthem“It’sOK.You’llgetitthenexttime”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it’sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。4．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinParagraph1?A．Opposite.　　　　　　B．Competitive.C．Successful.D．Unknown.A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。5．Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?A．Theymadefewermistakes.B．Theytriedtoavoidmistakes.C．Theyhadasmallerbrainresponse.D．Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句和倒数第二句可推知，n具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。6．Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy?A．Overstressingtheintelligence.B．Payingchildrencompliments.C．Addressingchildren’smistakes.D．Offeringchancestofindmistakes.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，应避免过分强调智力。7．Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext?A．Youaresocareless.B．Yourstudyingpaidoff.C．You’llgetitthenexttime.D．Let’sfindouthowyoumadeit.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。C(2019·长春普通高中高三质量检测)Pangolins(穿山甲)arestrange－lookingcreatures,coveredwithhardscales(鳞).Theycanrollupintoaballtoprotectthemselvesfromenemiesandhavetonguesthatarelongerthantheirbodies.PangolinshaverecentlybecomethefocusofChinesepeople.Ascreenshotofamicroblogpostshowingsomepeopleeatingpangolinsatafeastspread.Afewdayslater,peoplewereangeredagainbypicturesshowingpeopleeatingprotectedanimals,includingpangolins.Yetthisisonlythetipoftheiceberg.Manymorepangolinshavebeenhuntedorkilled.AccordingtotheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),morethan1millionofthemhavebeenkilledorsoldinthelast10years.Italsosaidthattheyarethemostillegallytradedmammalsintheworld.InSeptember2016,theIUCNaddedthepangolintotheworld’s“endangeredanimalslist”.Theyarenowmoreendangeredthanpandas.Agrowingtradeoftheirscalesandmeatisthemainreasonfortheirdeclineinnumber.ManypeopleinAsiaandAfricaconsiderpangolinmeatisdelicious.Somepeopleeventhinkpangolinscaleshavemedicalqualities.However,theirscalesaremadeofkeratin(角蛋白),thesamematerialhumanfingernailsaremadeof.Luckily,thesituationisgettingbetter.WorldPangolinDayisonthethirdSaturdayofFebruaryeachyear.It’sadaytohelppeopleknowmoreaboutnpangolins.ThegovernmentnowstopsanyonefrombuyingandeatingpangolinsinChina.Breakingthislawisregardedasacrime,andthetradeofpangolinsacrosstheworldisalsonotallowed,accordingtotheConventiononTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora.【解题导语】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。8．Pangolinshavecaughtpeople’sattentiontheseyearsbecause________．A．theylookstrangeB．theyappearinsomemoviesC．theyarekilledandeatenbypeopleD．theyhavesomethingtodowithpandasC　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“theseyears”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Pangolinscanrollupintoaballtoattackenemies.B．Morethan1millionpangolinswerekilledorsoldlastyear.C．Pangolinswerenamedthemostendangeredanimalin2016.D．Thepangolinisakindofmammals.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“theyarethemostillegallytradedmammalsintheworld”可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物。故选D项。10．TherealaimofWorldPangolinDaymaybeto________．A．attractpeopletothezootowatchpangolinsB．liftpeople’sawarenessofprotectingpangolinsC．remindpeopleofpangolins’medicalvalueD．explainthelawtopeopleB　解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“WorldPangolinDay”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故B项符合题意。11．Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestakentoprotectpangolins?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Disappointed.D．Unconcerned.A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，n中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，因此选A。D(2019·长沙高中毕业生五月供题)TheartistsinMadhubanidistrictofIndiahavebeenpaintingtreesandleaves,withcoatsoflivelycolorsdescribingpicturesofHindudeities(印度神).Inthepastthreeyearssincethepaintingcampaignwasstarted,manytreesinthatareawhichnormallywerethetargetsforlocalvillagershavesurvivedtheaxes(斧子)．Thetreeart,inthestyleoftheworldfamousMadhubanipainting,hasnowmadetheentireareasobeautifulthatpassersbycan’tresisttakingphotos.Madhubanipainting,alsoknownasMithilapainting,isastyleofIndianpaintingpractisedinthenortheasternregionofBiharwhichisdonewithfingers,brushesandevenmatchsticksusingnaturalcolorsandischaracterisedbyeyecatchingpatterns.Therearepaintingsforvariousoccasionsandfestivals—suchasbirths,marriages—andalsoaboutHindutales.“Normally,theHindusalmoststoppedcuttingtreesdownoncewepaintedthetreetrunkswithdifferentpicturesofdeities，”SiyaDevi,oneoftheartistsassociatedwiththetreepaintingcampaign,says.“Previously,thesightofpeoplecuttingroadsidetreeswasquitecommon.Nowitgivesusmuchsatisfactiontoseethecrowdsoftouristspayingvisitstothisparticularareatoseethepaintedtreesandtakephotos.”TheideaisthebrainchildofalocalvillagerShashthiNathJhawhohasbeenworkingforGramVikasParishad,anongovernmentalorganization,whichhelpstoprotecttherightsofwomenandchildlabor.“Thesightofpeoplecuttingdowntreeswithaxesandsawsalwaysgavemealotofpain.Itriedtoconvincethemthiswasn’tgoodforenvironmentbuttheynevertookitseriously.SoIfinallythoughtoftheplantopaintscenesfromHindunclassicsorpicturesofGodsonthetreebarkthinkingitcanworksignificantly,andyes,ithasbegunworkingnow，”claimsJha.【解题导语】　该文主要讲述了印度马杜巴尼地区的艺术家在树木和叶子上画画，从而拯救了树木的故事。12．Whatcanweknowaboutthetreeart?A．Itmakesnouseofartificialcolors.B．Itcannotbedonewithoutbrushes.C．ItisastylepopularthroughoutIndia.D．ItfocusesontraditionalIndianfestivals.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的关键信息“usingnaturalcolors”可知，这种艺术采用天然色素而非人工颜料来绘画，故选A。13．Accordingtothetext,ShashthiNathJha________．A．worksinthegovernmentB．isthecreatorofthecampaignC．isstronglyagainstchildlaborD．isthedesignerofalocalvillageB　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheideaisthebrainchildofalocalvillagerShashthiNathJhawhohasbeenworkingforGramVikasParishad,anongovernmentalorganization,whichhelpstoprotecttherightsofwomenandchildlabor.”可知，ShashthiNathJha是这项运动的发起人，故选B。14．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheplanfromJha’swords?A．Ithasfreedhimfrompain.B．Itcamequiteeasilytohim.C．Itisaseffectiveasexpected.D．Ithasn’tbeentakenseriously.C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“SoIfinallythoughtoftheplantopaintscenesfromHinduclassicsorpicturesofGodsonthetreebarkthinkingitcanworksignificantly,andyes,ithasbegunworkingnow”可推知，活动很成功，取得了预期的效果，故选C。15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewArtForm—TreeArtB．MakingBetterUseofTreesC．HowtoIncreasetheValueofTreesD．PaintingCampaignHelpsSaveTreesnD　解析：标题归纳题。文章的第一段开篇点题，印度马杜巴尼地区的艺术家在树木和叶子上画画，从而拯救了树木，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是绘画运动使树木免遭砍伐，故选D。七选五(2019·成都诊断性检测)Doyouknowthatintelligencecanbedeveloped？Doyourealizeitdoesn’tmatterhowsmartyouarebuthowhardyoucanworktogrow？1.________Inherbook,Mindset：TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,CarolDwecksharesyearsofresearchconductedtoproveit’snotjusttalentthatdeterminessuccessbutwhetherweapproachasituationwiththerightmindset.Havingagrowthmindsethasmany,manybenefits.2．________Havingagrowthmindsetencouragesyoutonotlookatadeficit(不足额)asadeficitinabilitybutoneoflearningandthatisonewhichcaneasilybeachieved.Thisnaturallyhasanimpactonyoursenseofselfworth.Enjoytheprocessoflearning.Withagrowthmindset,youlookforwardtoacquiringnewskillsandabsorbingnewknowledge.Yourealizethateverythingthatyoulearncanhelpyouimproveandbecomeabetterperson.3.________Increaseyourconfidence.AccordingtoDweckandherfellowresearchers“...inthegrowthframework,havingcleardeficitsdoesn’tmeanyouaren’torwon’tbegoodatsomething.It’ssimplyanoccasionforlearning.4.________Youjustneedtobelieveinimprovementovertime.”Don’tgetconfusedbysetbacks(挫折).Whenyouhaveagrowthmindset,youdon’tviewasetbackassomethingthatsetsyouback.5.________Dweckshares,“Despitesetbacks—orevenbecauseofthem—theyfindwaystokeepthemselvescommittedandinterested.”A．Seekchallenges.B．Improveyoursenseofselfworth.C．Soyoushouldneverignoretheimportanceoflearning.D．Itcanaffectallareasofyourlife,frombusinesstolove.E．Youviewitasanopportunitytogetbetterandstronger.F．Moreover,youdon’tneedafullloadofconfidencetosetaboutlearning.G．Ifso,you’reoneofthefortunatefewwhoareblessedwithagrowthmindset.【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。主要论述成功不仅仅是靠天赋，n而是靠后天的努力和成长的心态。1．G　解析：根据空处后一句“Inherbook,Mindset：TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,CarolDwecksharesyearsofresearchconductedtoproveit’snotjusttalentthatdeterminessuccessbutwhetherweapproachasituationwiththerightmindset.”可知，CarolDweck在她的书中分享了多年的研究来证明：决定成功的不仅仅是天赋，而是我们是否用正确的心态来处理事情；该句中的“therightmindset”和G项中的“agrowthmindset”相匹配，故G项正确。2．B　解析：空处为第二段的主题句，根据该段尾句“Thisnaturallyhasanimpactonyoursenseofselfworth.”可知，该段主要介绍提高自我价值感的建议，故B项正确。3．C　解析：根据空处前一句“Yourealizethateverythingthatyoulearncanhelpyouimproveandbecomeabetterperson.”可知，你意识到你所学到的所有东西都能帮助你进步，让你成为一个更好的人，该句说明了学习的重要性，故C项与此处匹配。4．F　解析：根据该段主题句“Increaseyourconfidence.”可知，该段主要介绍提高自信心的建议，F项中的“confidence”与此处匹配，故F项正确。5．E　解析：根据语境可知，当你有成长的心态，就不会把挫折看成阻碍，而是看作让你变得更好、更强的机会，故E项正确。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P251(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·福州高中毕业班质检)Iwasonceinanunusualsociology(社会学)classatBrandeis.Eachweekwestudiedthe__1__weinteractedwithoneanother,andhowwe__2__toanger,envyandattention.Wewerehumanlabrats.Moreoften,someone__3__crying.Ireferredtoitasthe“touchyfeely”course.Mr.BrownsaidIshouldbemore__4__．Oneday,Mr.Brownsaidhehadan__5__forustotry.Weweretostand,facingawayfromourclassmatesand__6__backward,relyingonanotherstudentto__7__us.Mostofuswere__8__withthis,andwecouldn’tletgoformorethanafewinches__9__stoppingourselves.Welaughedin__10__．Finally,athin,quietgirl,whomInoticedalmostalwayswearthesameclothes,crossedherarmsoverherchest,__11__hereyesandleanedback,justlikeoneofthoseLiptonteaads__12__themodeldivedintothepool.Foramoment,Iwas__13__shewasgoingtofallonthefloor.Atthe__14__moment,herpartnerheldherheadand__15__andpulledherup.“Whoa！”severalstudentsyelled.Some__16__．nMr.Brownfinallysmiled.“Yousee，”hesaidtothegirl，“youclosedyoureyes.Thatwasthe__17__.Sometimesyoucannotbelievewhatyousee.Youhavetobelievewhatyou__18__.Andifyou’reevergoingtohaveotherpeople__19__you,youmustfeelthatyoucantrustthem,__20__，evenwhenyou’reinthedark,evenwhenyou’refalling.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了Brown老师通过一堂练习课让作者及其同学体会到了信任的力量的故事。1．A.behaviour　　　　　　B．waysC．coursesD．relationshipB　解析：每周我们都学习与他人互动的方式(ways)。behaviour“行为”；course“课程”；relationship“关系”。2．A.respondedB．objectedC．stuckD．referredA　解析：根据语境及上文中的“the______weinteractedwithoneanother”可知，此处表示我们如何对愤怒、妒忌和关注做出反应。respondto“对……做出反应”；objectto“反对”；stickto“坚持”；referto“查阅，参考”。3．A.wentonB．gaveup　C．putoffD．endedupD　解析：该句后面的句子表示我把它称作“情绪化”的课程，该句与该句后一句构成因果关系，作者之所以称之为情绪化课程，是因为有人在互动中对上面提到的感情的反应常常是哭泣，故endup“最后处于”符合文意。goon“继续”；giveup“放弃”；putoff“推迟”。4．A.skillfulB．honestC．openmindedD．energeticC　解析：此处是Brown老师给作者提的建议——作者的思想应该更加开明(openminded)。skillful“熟练的”；honest“诚实的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。5．A.arrangementB．orderC．introductionD．exerciseD　解析：根据后面的内容可知，Brown老师要我们练习身体往后仰这个动作。exercise“练习”符合语境。arrangement“安排”；order“命令”；introduction“序言，导论”。6．A.jumpedB．movedC．fellD．rannC　解析：根据下文中的“leanedback”和“shewasgoingtofallonthefloor”可知选C。7．A.catchB．pullC．controlD．supportA　解析：根据下文中的“herpartnerheldherhead...up”可知选A。catch“接住”。8．A.dissatisfiedB．uncomfortableC．pleasedD．familiarB　解析：根据“wecouldn’tletgoformorethanafewinches______stoppingourselves”可知，此处表示我们大部分人因为这感到不舒适(uncomfortable)。dissatisfied“不满意的”；pleased“高兴的”；familiar“熟悉的”。9．A.beforeB．afterC．whileD．untilA　解析：根据语境可知，此处指停下做向后倾的动作之前，故选A。10．A.surpriseB．excitementC．delightD．embarrassmentD　解析：根据上下文可知，在做这个练习时，身体稍稍往后倾斜，同学们就不敢做了，这时他们会感到尴尬(embarrassment)。11．A.fixedB．openedC．closedD．touchedC　解析：根据下文中的“youclosedyoureyes”可知选C。fix“固定”；open“打开”；touch“触摸”。12．A.everytimeB．asthoughC．whenD．whereD　解析：分析句子结构可知，ads后面的部分为定语从句，修饰先行词Liptonteaads,ads表示“广告”，空处在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。everytime“每当”；asthough“似乎”；when“当……时”。13．A.sorryB．shockedC．sureD．puzzledC　解析：根据下文中的“Atthe______moment,herpartnerheldherheadand______andpulledherup.”可推知，空处所在句表示“我”肯定(sure)她将要摔倒在地板上了。sorry“遗憾的”；shocked“震惊的”；puzzled“感到困惑的”，都不符合语境。14．A.unusualB．crazyC．excitingD．lastD　解析：atthelastmoment表示“在最后一刻”，故选D。n15．A.shouldersB．attentionC．legsD．chanceA　解析：根据常识可知，要把即将倒地的人拉起来，应该是抱住人的头和双肩。attention“注意”；leg“腿”；chance“机会”，都不符合语境。16．A.weptB．clappedC．laughedD．sighedB　解析：“severalstudentsyelled”反映了同学们的激动，因此同学们会为其鼓掌(clapped)。weep“流泪”；laugh“笑”；sigh“叹息”。17．A.successB．differenceC．resultD．requirementB　解析：根据上下文可知，闭着眼和睁着眼是不一样(difference)的。18．A.feelB．noticeC．holdD．meetA　解析：根据上下文可知，Brown老师之所以认为闭着眼不一样，是因为他认为人们有时不相信他们所看到的，但有时却不得不相信他们所感受(feel)到的。19．A.standbyB．relyonC．believeinD．callforC　解析：空处照应后面的trust，故选C项。standby“支持”；relyon“依靠，依赖”；callfor“需要，要求”。20．A.howeverB．tooC．thoughD．thereforeB　解析：如果你要让别人信任你，你必须感觉你也(too)能够信任他们。语法填空(2019·辽宁五校联合模拟)ThecarcompanyVolvosaidallitscars1.____________(have)anelectricmotorfrom2019.Itwillstopmakingcarsthatuseonlypetrolengines.2.____________planstosellfivefullyelectriccarsandsomehybridcars(混合动力车)by2021.Volvoisthefirstbigcarmaker3.____________(stop)makingcarswithonlypetrolengines.Itsaid，“Peopleincreasinglydemandelectrifiedcars，4.____________wewanttorespondtoourcustomers’currentandfutureneeds.”Moreandmorecarcompaniesarenowsellingcars5.____________electricengines.TheUSbasedcompanyTeslamakesonlyallelectriccars.Itsstockmarketvalueisnow25percent6.____________(high)thanthatofFordMotorCompany，which7.____________(start)in1903.Tesla8.____________(recent)announcedthatitwillnmake20，000ofitsModel3carsamonthbyDecember.Volvohopestosellamillionelectrifiedcarsby2025.Inaddition，ithopestohavechangedits9.____________(factory)tobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Ithopestohave10.____________itcalls“climateneutral”manufacturing.Volvosaiditsplanswillmeanthecompanywillhaveoneofthewidestrangesofelectrifiedcarsofanycarmakerintheworld.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沃尔沃汽车公司为满足顾客对于电动汽车的需求，将于2019年实现全面生产电动汽车。1．willhave　解析：根据句中的时间状语“from2019”可知，该句应用一般将来时态。故填willhave。2．It　解析：分析句子成分可知，此处缺主语，主语指代的是ThecarcompanyVolvo，所以用it作主语指代沃尔沃汽车公司。故填It。3．tostop　解析：当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后要用不定式结构作后置定语。本句名词carmaker前有序数词“thefirst”修饰，故填tostop。4．and　解析：“人们对电动汽车的需求在不断增加”与“我们想要对客户当前及未来的需求作出回应”两分句之间为顺承关系。故应用并列连词来表示顺承关系。故填and。5．with　解析：本句句意：越来越多的汽车公司正在销售有电子引擎的汽车。介词with意为“具有，带，有”，符合语境。故填with。6．higher　解析：根据空后的“than”可知，此处应填该词的比较级。故填higher。7．started　解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代FordMotorCompany，所以start和它的逻辑主语之间为主动关系，再结合后面的时间状语“in1903”可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填started。8．recently　解析：此处表示“最近宣布”，因此用副词形式作状语。故填recently。9．factories　解析：因为Volvo汽车公司有很多的工厂，所以此处应用其复数形式。故填factories。10．what　解析：分析句子结构可知，have后缺少宾语成分，因此其后的从句为宾语从句；而宾语从句中谓语动词calls后也缺少宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句，并在从句中充当宾语成分。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P252(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)　第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)TraditionalChineseweddingcustomshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears.Theymayvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetontime，buthavebeenholdinganimportantpositioninthelivesofChinesepeople，61._____________(cause)afarreachingimpactonthewaytheChineseleadtheirlives.ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusually62._____________(involve)somenecessaryprocedures，suchasmatchmaking，engagement，meetingthebride，andthreebows.63._____________addition，atypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis—whenanewcoupleisengaged，64.____________followsisa65.____________(choose)ofthedateoftheirmarriage.MostpeoplewouldfavoraholidayorspecialChinesefestivalfortheirrelativesandfriends66.____________(attend)thewedding.However，quiteafewothers，especially67.____________inthecountryside，wouldfixaluckydatesothattheirmarriagewouldhave“DoubleHappiness”．Theweddingceremonyisusuallyhosted68._____________(warm)andtheweddingceremonyveryoftenendswith69.____________uniquebanquet.Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife，everlastingloveandhappiness，earlybirthofa70.___________(health)babyandsoon.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。61．causing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。62．involves　解析：考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语ThetraditionalChinesemarriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。63．In　解析：考查固定搭配。inaddition为固定搭配，意为“此外，除此之外”。64．what　解析：考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。65．choice　解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式。66．toattend　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。67．those　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。68．warmly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词hosted，故用副词形式。69．a　解析：考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。70．healthy　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形容词healthy。n第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；　　2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·辽宁五校协作体联考)Challengesoflifeareofgreatimportanceinourgrow.TheyremindmemydaysinseniorhighschoolwhichIjoinedinthemilitarytraining.ItwasthefirsttimeIhavelivedawayfrommyhome，soIfounditdifficulttofitin.Andthetrainingofficerwasstrictinme.IoncethoughtIcouldn’tsticktotheend.Butanyway，Iwassucceeded.Thetrialsmadeitmucheasyformetoadapttolife，butthedifficultiesIcameacrosshavenowbecomeapreciousmemoryinmylife.Inshort,learningtoregardthechallengesoflifeasthesteppingstonetofuturesuccessandmakethebestofthem.答案：Challengesoflifeareofgreatimportanceinour.TheyremindmemydaysinseniorhighschoolIjoinedinthemilitarytraining.ItwasthefirsttimeIlivedawayfrommyhome，soIfounditdifficulttofitin.Andthetrainingofficerwasstrictme.IoncethoughtIcouldn’tsticktotheend.Butanyway,Isucceeded.Thetrialsmadeitmuchformetoadapttolife，thedifficultiesIcameacrosshavenowbecomeapreciousmemoryinmylife.Inshort，toregardthechallengesoflifeassteppingstonetofuturesuccessandmakethebestofthem.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·福州八县/市一中联考)假如你是李华，你朋友Brian把他新买的优盘(flashdrive)借给你用，但是你不小心把它遗失了。现在，请用英文给他写封信，内容包括：n1．告知优盘遗失的事并致歉；2．描述遗失经过；3．说明暂时无法赔偿及原因；4．承诺一定赔偿并请求原谅。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．信的开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数。DearBrian，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear_Brian，I’msorrytotellyouthatI’velostyournewflashdrive.NowI’mexpressingmydeepestapologyformycarelessness.Actually,Iputtheflashdriveinmyschoolbagafterwemetinthelibraryyesterday.Buttomysorrow,itwaslostonmywayhome.Itriedtogetitbackbutfailed.HowsorryandguiltyIfelt!Thismorning,Iwenttobuythesameflashdriveinsomestoresbutitistooexpensiveforme.However,IpromisethatI’lltightenmybeltthesedaystogetyouacompletelynewonebytheendofthismonth.Pleaseforgivemeandacceptmysincereapology.Best_wishes!Yours，nLi_Hua