19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-1 短文填空（首字母填空）（第02期）（解析版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-1 短文填空（首字母填空）（第02期）（解析版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 专题19 短文填空 考点1首字母填空 Passage 1（2019 •江苏省南京市）‎ 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为（1）-（10）的相应位置上。‎ Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（1）　 　 in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．‎ At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （2）　 　． It dates back several thousand years to the u（3）　se　of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （4）　 　hanzi．‎ By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（5）　 　geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（6）　 　under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．‎ Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（7）　 　in uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still c（8）　ommunicate　in writing． Written Chinese has also become an important method to c （9）　 　China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．‎ Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a g（10）　 　role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate（ 欣赏） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes．‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了中文写作系统历史发展。‎ ‎（1）widely 考查副词．根据意思：它的使用比字母书写系统更为广泛。副词修饰动词，故填：widely。‎ ‎（2）language 考查名词．根据意思：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。填名词单数，语言language。故填：language。‎ ‎（3）use 考查动词。根据意思：中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号可以追溯到几千年前。the use of...的使用，故填：use。‎ ‎（4）today's 考查所有格。根据意思：在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号，今天的today's。故填：today's。‎ ‎（5）divided 考查动词。根据意思：多年来，这个体系发展成不同的形式，就像人们被隔离的时代一样。被动语态be done，故填divided。‎ ‎（6）changed 考查动词。根据意思：然而，这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化。一般过去时态，故填changed．‎ ‎（7）importance 考查名词。根据意思：这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。be of great importance 有重要意义。故填importance。‎ ‎（8）communicate 考查动词。根据意思：他们仍然可以书面交流。can后面加动词原形。故填communicate。‎ ‎（9）connect 考查动词．根据意思：书面汉语也成为把中国现在和过去联系起来的重要方法。to do不定式，故填connect。‎ ‎（10）great 考查形容词。根据意思：中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用，形容词修饰名词，故填great。‎ Passage 2（2019 •湖北省咸宁市）‎ 阅读下面短文, 在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化！] ‎ Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on S___41___28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu. in today’s Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard l____42____. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on l___43___other subjects. When he was thirty, he b___44___a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were r___45___or poor. He had about, 3,000 s___46___and many of them became famous.‎ Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker w___47___had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. And he is also regarded a___48___the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are about kindness and g___49___manners. He said young people should t____50____care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for o____51____. His ideas are around in people’s everyday life. Today people can still hear ‎ the ideas, and they even go far into east a____52____south Asia.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了中国的伟大思想家——孔子。孔子生于公元前511年的鲁国。年轻时和母亲过着艰苦的生活。三十岁时当了老师。他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，不管他们是富人还是穷人。中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。他说年轻人应该照顾老人。人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。‎ ‎41. September 句意：他出生于9月28日。公元前511年的鲁国。由语境和首字母提示可知，填September；这里是指9月28号。所以答案为：September。‎ ‎42. life 句意：当他年轻时，他和他母亲过着艰苦的生活。由语境和首字母提示可知，填life；had a hard life：过着艰苦的生活。所以答案为：life。‎ ‎43. learning 句意：然后他继续学习其他科目。由语境和首字母提示可知，填learn；go on doing sth.继续做某事。on是介词，后跟动名词。所以答案为：learning。‎ ‎44. became 句意：他三十岁时当了老师。由语境和首字母提示可知，填become；根据When he was thirty, 当他三十岁时。成为了老师，这一动作发生在过去，因此应该用一般过去时。故答案为：became。‎ ‎45. rich 句意：他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，不管他们是富人还是穷人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填rich；根据后面的形容词poor“穷的”，和前面的表示选择关系的or可知，前面应该用于poor意义相反的形容词，那就是rich。语境是：不论穷人还是富人都应该有机会接受教育。故答案为：rich。‎ ‎46. students 句意：他有大约3000名学生，其中许多人出名了。由语境和首字母提示可知，填student；根据数字3,000可知，后面的可数名词应该用复数，故答案为：students。‎ ‎47. who 句意：中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。由语境和首字母提示可知，填who；本题考查定语从句。本题的先行词是the greatest thinker，是指人的，因此用引导词who来引导。故答案为：who。‎ ‎48. as 句意：他也被认为是最伟大的老师。由语境和首字母提示可知，填as；regard as：视为。语境是：人们认为孔子是最伟大的老师。故答案为：as。‎ ‎49. good/great 句意：他最重要的思想是善良和礼貌。由and前面的形容词kindness可知，and 后面的词也应该是一个形容词。在结合首字母提示可知，填good/great；是指良好的行为，即：礼貌。所以本题的答案为：good/great。‎ ‎50. take 句意：他说年轻人应该照顾老人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填take；take care of：关心，照顾。should是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填：take。‎ ‎51. others 句意：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。由语境和首字母提示可知，填others；根据think of themselves想着自己，和后面的but可知，此处是指转折，语境是：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。所以答案为：others。‎ ‎52. and 句意：今天，人们仍然可以听到这些想法，他们甚至深入到东亚和南亚。由语境和首字母提示可知，填and；east a__12__ south Asia.是表示地点的，而且表示并列关系。因此用and 来连接。故答案为：and。‎ Passage 3（2019 •襄阳市）‎ 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文内容完整，通顺。‎ Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___. ‎ A new study has found that most three-year-old children can remember a lot of what happened to them a year e___52___,and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weaker r___53___. ‎ Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies. ‎ The scientists say this is because at around this age the way we form(形成)memories begins to change. They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early things they can remember become more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of f ___56___ than adults. The discoveries also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done, b___57___ then forget them just several years later. ‎ The children were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed(印象深刻的)things from their past, such as the first relaxing trip with your family, the first d___58___ accident you met, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second s___59___between the ages of 5 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, the amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35%--36%.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文。对许多成年人来说，很难回忆起儿时的一些经历。一项研究表明，我们的记忆力的变化与年龄有关。‎ ‎51. disappeared 考查动词。根据上文Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. 大多数成年人发现很难记住他们小时候发生的事情。结合Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___. 可知是现在科学家们已经找到了这些记忆消失的确切时间。“消失”disappear，由语境可知这里时态用一般过去时，故答案填disappeared。‎ ‎52. earlier 考查形容词。根据上文most three-year-old children can remember a lot of大多数三岁的孩子都能记住很多事情，结合首字母提示以及what happened to them a year e___52___,可知此处指的是一年前发生在他们身上的事，a year earlier“一年前”，故答案填earlier。‎ ‎53. rapidly 考查副词。根据上文these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6,这些记忆在他们5岁和6岁的时候仍然清晰，由转折词but，再结合首字母提示，可知此处句意为：但当他们超过7岁时，这些记忆会迅速减弱。“迅速地”rapidly，副词，修饰前面的动词，故答案填rapidly。‎ ‎54. experience 考查名词。根据Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies. 结合语境及首字母提示：根据新的研究，大多数8岁或9岁的孩子仅仅能记住他们3岁以下35%的……。可知此处表达的是“经历、经验”，英文表达是experience，在这里用作不可数名词，故答案填experience。‎ ‎55. sense 考查名词。根据They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. 结合语境及首字母提示：他们说，7岁以前的孩子在记忆中没有时间和地点的……。可知此处表达的是“概念、观念”sense，前面有不定冠词a，所以用其单数形式，故答案填sense。‎ ‎56. forgetting 考查动词。根据下文then forget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记，结合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子 遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”forget，动词，of是介词后接动词的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。‎ ‎57. but 考查连词。根据上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知应用连词but，句意为：孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆，但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。‎ ‎58. dancing（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）考查动名词。根据上文 the first relaxing trip with your family, 以及下文and the first day of school.结合the first d___58___ accident you met, 可推知此处句意是第一次遇见……的意外，由首字母提示可知，答案可以填“跳舞”dancing。（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）‎ ‎59. session 考查动词。根据前面的关键词return“返回”，以及后面的to discuss the same things“去讨论同样的事情”，可知这里表达的是“开会、聚集”，second session“再次聚集、开会”，句意为：然后，孩子们在5岁到9岁之间再次返回来讨论同样的问题。故答案填session。‎ ‎60. remained 考查动词。根据The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%.结合语境：科学家发现，5岁和7岁之间年龄段的孩子，能记住的记忆量……在63%-72%之间。可知此处表达的是“保持”remain，由主句中的found可知句子时态用一般过去时，所以这里应用remain的过去式remained，故答案填remained。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的首字母提示填写合适的词语。如，第56小题根据下文then forget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记，结合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子的遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”forget，动词，of是介词后接动词的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。第7小题，根据上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知应用连词but，句意为：孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆，但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。‎