19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-5 短文填空（提示词填空）（第01期）（解析版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题19-5 短文填空（提示词填空）（第01期）（解析版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 专题19 短文填空 考点5提示词填空 Passage 1（2019 •浙江省绍兴市）‎ 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。 ‎ A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have （1）________ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including （2）________ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The library is inside a （3）________ (卡车) that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion(热情) for reading books in children, （4）________ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their （5）________ (自己的) library.‎ The library has got lots of attention in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are （6）________ (送) their old books to the library. A （7）________ (女士) working at the mobile library said, "The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to 58 （8）________ (借) books or have a quiet time to read." The director of the library said, "We have books here for kids aged from four to （9）________ (十), and books for older children, like world classics and （10）________ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books."‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍土耳其的一群垃圾收集者正在回收人们扔掉的书。他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。服务于农村学校的四岁到十岁的孩子和打孩子的书。‎ ‎（1）already句意：他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。已经，already，副词常与现在完成时连用，故填already。‎ ‎（2）medical句意：现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。医学的，medical，形容词。根据空格后care，照顾，护理，名词，要用形容词作定语，故填medical。‎ ‎（3）truck句意：图书馆在一辆卡车内，它在农村学校旅行。卡车，truck，可数名词。根据空格前不定冠词a，要用可数名词单数，故填truck。‎ ‎（4）especially句意：他们希望能给儿童创造更大的热情去阅读书籍，尤其是在手机和电脑时代。尤其，副词especially。修饰介词短语做状语，要用副词，故填especially。‎ ‎（5）own句意：许多学校没有阅览室或自己的图书馆。自己的，own，形容词，用在形容词性物主代词之后。空格后有library，图书馆，名词，要用形容词own，故填own。‎ ‎（6）sending /giving句意：来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆。送，give/send，动词。空格前有are，要用现在进行时，be+现在分词，send/give的现在分词sending/giving，故填 sending/giving 。‎ ‎（7）lady句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。”女士，lady，可数名词。根据空格前有不定冠词a，要用单数lady，故填lady。‎ ‎（8）borrow句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：“人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。借（入），borrow，及物动词。空格前有不定式符号to，要用动词原形，故填borrow。‎ ‎（9）ten句意：我们这里有适合四岁到十岁的孩子的书。十，ten，基数词，根据from four to...，要用基数词ten，故填ten。‎ ‎（10）poems句意：还有适合大孩子的书，比如世界名著和诗。诗，poem，可数名词。根据空格前classics and，可知连词and的是并列的名词复数形式poems，故填poems。‎ Passage 2（2019 •浙江省温州市）‎ 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。‎ Lydia runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called "plogging", an activity combining collecting rubbish with running. Last ___46___（六月），she first learned the idea of plogging on the Intemet and decided to plog.‎ Lydia runs four or ___47___ (五) times a week and takes a daily walk with her two dogs. She often wears her gloves and takes several ___48___ (袋子) when she goes out. Sometimes she spends ___49___ (一半，半数) an hour collecting rubbish. She says she___50___ (浪费) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels" ___51___ (更好的) to do plogging than just running by the litter." It just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.___52___(然而) , it makes a big difference to my community. Now my husband also ___53___ (加入) me," Lydia says ___54___ (自豪地). "It doesn't matter how much rubbish I pick up. It's good way to protect our ____55____（星球）)‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】Lydia参加了一项跑步捡垃圾的健身运动，这是一项集收集垃圾和跑步与一体的活动。她每周跑步四次或五次，每次出门时她经常戴着手套，带着几个袋子。现在她的丈夫也加入了她。Lydia自豪地说：“捡多少垃圾并不重要，这是保护我们星球的好方法。”‎ ‎46. June 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词June“六月”，名词；句意：去年6月，她第一次有了在网上工作的想法。故答案填June。‎ ‎47. five 考查数词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词five“五”，基数词；句意：Lydia每周跑步四次或五次。or并列连词，表示或者，在这里连接four和five两个并列成分，故答案填five。‎ ‎48. bags 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词bag“袋子、包”，可数名词；句意：她出门时经常戴着手套，带着几个袋子。several“几个、数个”，修饰可数名词复数，故答案填bags。‎ ‎49. half 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词half“一半、半数”，名词；句意：有时她花半个小时收集垃圾。half an hour“半小时”，故答案填half。‎ ‎50. wasted/ has wasted 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词waste“浪费”，动词；由语境及the last few years可知时态用一般过去时或现在完成时均可，句意：她说她浪费了最后几年的跑步生活。waste的过去式和过去分词为wasted，故答案填wasted/ has wasted。‎ ‎51. better 考查比较级。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词better“更好的”，good的比较级；句意：现在，她感觉跑步捡垃圾比仅仅只是在垃圾旁跑步更好。故答案填better。‎ ‎52. However 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词however“然而”，副词，因其位于句首，所以第一个字母要大写；句意：然而，这对我的社区有很大的影响。故答案填However。‎ ‎53. joins 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词join“加入”，动词；句意：现在我丈夫也加入了我。由语境可知句子时态用一般现在时，主语是my husband，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式joins，故答案填joins。‎ ‎54. proudly 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词proudly“自豪地”，副词；句意：Lydia自豪地说。设空处修饰前面的谓语动词所以用副词形式，故答案填proudly。‎ ‎55. planet 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词planet“星球”，名词；句意：这是保护我们星球的好方法。本句考查固定句型：It's+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；故答案填planet。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。如，第3小题，根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词bag“袋子、包”，可数名词；前面的several“几个、数个”，修饰可数名词复数，故答案填bags。第9小题，根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词proudly“自豪地”，副词；设空处修饰前面的谓语动词所以用副词形式，故答案填proudly。‎ Passage 3（2019 •浙江省衢州市）‎ 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。‎ Many people go to Utah because they love hiking in Bryce Canyon National Park. They enjoy ___36___(岩石) climbing, camping and so on. However, some people go to Utah for a very ___37___(不同的) experience.‎ The Boulder Outdoor Survival(生存) School(BOSS) in Utah is the world’s oldest survival school. It teaches people how stay alive without tents, or even backpacks. In Bryce Canyon, the days are very ___38___(热的) and the nights are very cold. Not everyone wants to go and experience life without modern ___39___(发明) like smart phones and e-books. Students at BOSS quickly learn that it is important to work hard and ___40___(尝试) new things if they want to complete the training.‎ In survival camps at BOSS students don't just practise camping, hiking or___41___(骑) horses. They go into the wild for days or weeks. They learn how to find ___42___ (新鲜的)water for drinking. They also learn how to make a fire, use a ___43___(小刀) and find food to eat. Nature can often give them ___44___ (每件事) they need so survive.‎ After these people go back to the real world they may never use these skills again. Even if they don’t, at ____45____(至少) they will always know that they can live without computers, electricity, and smart phones—even if it is only for a few days!‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍犹他州的博尔德户外生存学校。‎ ‎36. rock 句意：他们喜欢攀岩、露营等。rock：岩石，rock climbing：攀岩；答案是rock。‎ ‎37. different 句意：然而，有些人去犹他州是为了一个非常不同的体验。本词修饰名词可知填形容词；different：不同的，形容词；答案是different。‎ ‎38. hot 句意：在布莱斯峡谷，白天很热，夜晚很冷。本句是主系表结构，形容词做表语，very后面跟形容词原级；hot：热的，形容词；答案是hot。‎ ‎39. inventions 句意：不是每个人都想去体验没有像智能手机和电子书这样的现代发明的生活。invention：发明，复数inventions，可数名词复数表示泛指，单数一般不单独使用。答案是inventions。‎ ‎40. try 句意：博尔德户外生存学校的学生很快明白，如果他们想完成培训，努力工作和尝试新事物是很重要的。本句句型是It is+形容词+to do sth.，and连接的两个动词形式应一致，可知and连接前后动词都应使用原形；try：尝试，动词；答案是try。‎ ‎41. riding 句意：在博尔德户外生存学校里，学生们不只是练习野营、徒步旅行或骑马。短语practise doing ‎ sth.：练习做某事；or是并列连词，它连接的动词形式应一致；ride：骑，动名词是riding；答案是riding。‎ ‎42. fresh 句意：他们学习如何找到饮用的淡水。fresh：新鲜的，fresh water：淡水；答案是fresh。‎ ‎43. knife 句意：他们还学习如何生火，使用刀子和寻找食物吃。不定冠词a后面跟可数名词单数；knife：小刀；答案是knife。‎ ‎44. everything 句意：大自然往往能给他们所需要的一切，所以生存下来。everything：每件事，一切；答案是everything。‎ ‎45. least 句意：即使他们不这样做，至少他们会一直知道，即使只有几天时间，他们也可以在没有电脑、电力和智能手机的情况下生活！短语at least：至少；答案是least。‎ Passage 4（2019 •临沂市）‎ 根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。‎ A bus ran off a bridge into the Yangtze River in Chongqing on October 28, 2018. The accident ___49___ (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus.‎ According to the police report, a 45-year-old female passenger, surnamed Liu, argued with the driver, surnamed Ran. Liu was angry because Ran refused ___50___ (stop) the bus after she missed her station. She then hit the driver, causing the accident. The video shows that Liu hit Ran with her mobile phone twice while Ran ___51___(drive) the bus. Rather than stop in the middle of the road, Ran kept driving. But in protecting himself, he lost control of the bus and a tragedy (悲剧) happened.‎ The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety. And the police ___52___ (announce), "Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely. The driver, too, didn't do his best to make sure that his driving was safe."‎ The accident also caused heated discussions on the Internet. Besides feeling terribly sorry for the tragedy, most Internet users blamed (指责) Liu, while some others criticized the driver. More users were talking about what they should do. One Weibo user said, "We ___53___ (stand) up and stop such fights between passengers and drivers ___54___ (avoid) this kind of tragedy."‎ Another user advised that a safety barrier (屏障) should be set up on the bus. It can stop passengers from ___55___ (touch) the bus driver.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述了2018年10月28日，在重庆一辆公交车上，一位乘客和司机发生冲突，导致公交车从桥上冲入长江。‎ ‎49. was caused 句意：事故是由司机和一名乘客打架造成的，车上15人全部丧生。cause 意思是导致，主语是the accident, 所以事故“被”导致，故用被动语态，且这是过去发生的事情，故填was caused。‎ ‎50. to stop 句意：刘很生气，因为她错过车站后，冉拒绝停车。refuse to do sth拒绝做某事，故填to stop。‎ ‎51. was driving 句意：视频显示，刘在开车的时候用手机打了两次冉。while表示当…时候，引导时间状语从句；根据句意，表示“当冉正在开车时”，且动作发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，故填was driving。‎ ‎52. announced 句意：警方宣布，“刘用手机打司机，阻止司机安全驾驶汽车。announce意思是宣布，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，故填announced。‎ ‎53. should stand 句意：一位微博用户说：“我们应该站起来制止乘客和司机之间的冲突，以避免（避免）这种悲剧。”根据句意可知，这位微博用户意思是“我们应该站起来”，故填should stand。‎ ‎54. to avoid 句意：参考第5小题。根据句意，这里表示表示目的，所以用to do 不定式，故填to avoid。‎ ‎55. touching 句意：它可以阻止乘客接触公共汽车司机。stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事，from是介词，所以后跟动名词，故填touching。‎ Passage 5（2019 •乐山市）‎ 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。‎ One day, Mr. and Mrs. Smith are celebrating their ___81___(sixty) birthday. They got ___82___ (marry) 30 years ago.‎ During the party an angel (天使) turns up. “You’ve been such a ___83___(love) couple for 30 years. I will give you one wish each,” the angel says.‎ Mrs. Smith wants ___84___(travel) around the world. The angel waves her wand (手杖) and boom (隆地一声)! Mrs. Smith has the tickets in her hand.‎ Next, it is Mr. Smith’s turn. He thinks for a moment. “Well, I’d like to have a woman 30 years ___85___(young) than me,” he says shyly.‎ The angel lifts up her wand, and boom! He turns 90.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述一对老夫妻过生日时，一个天使出现，问他们的愿望，这个女的说他要去旅行，这个天使给了这个女人一张票。这个男人的梦想是有一个比他小三十岁的女人，天使将他变成了90岁。‎ ‎81. 60th/ sixtieth 句意“一天，史密斯夫妇正在庆祝他们60岁生日”。根据空后birthday单数可知，空处用序数词。60th/sixtieth第60，故填60th/sixtieth。‎ ‎82. married 句意“他们30年前结婚了”。根据句意可知，译为“结婚”。get married结婚，故填married。‎ ‎83. loving / lovely 句意“你们已经是30年的恩爱夫妻了/你们是如此可爱的一对，已经生活30年了”。根据“such a adj. +可数名词单数”可知，空处用形容词。loving钟情的，lovely可爱的，故填loving/lovely。‎ ‎84. to travel 句意“史密斯女士想要世界旅行”。根据want to do“想要做某事”可知，用to travel，故填to travel。‎ ‎85. younger 句意“我想有一个比我小30岁的女人”。young年轻的，根据空后than可知，用比较级，故填younger。‎ Passage 6（2019 •浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市）‎ 阅读下面短文， 然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。 每空限填一词。‎ If you are tired of making human connections, Lovet can be a great choice for you. A Japanese company ___36___(发明) it in December, 2018. It is a friendly robot which can make ___37___(孤独的) people feel the love.‎ The ___38___(名字) “Lovet” comes from the two words—“love” and “robot”. With two bright eyes and a ___39___(柔软的)body, Lovet moves around your house and asks you for hugs. It doesn’t talk, but chirps(作唧唧声).‎ Lovet follows you with the help of a ___40___(照相机) on its head. It also has abilities to tell who you are by reading your face. It can ___41___(甚至) remember up to 1000 faces.‎ The robot cannot help you with housework, but it will ___42___(发展) your ability to love. It moves around on three wheels and waves its two little ___43___(手臂) to show surprise and love, or to ask for a hug. it sleeps when it's hugged and it follows you when it is called. It is ___44___(害羞的) around strangers. When you open the door, it will hide ___45___(在……后面). If you want to make it laugh, just touch it.‎ Lovet will do all it can to fill you with joy.‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎【文章大意】短文介绍了日本机器人Lovet。它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱，可以记住多达1000张脸。它不会帮你做家务，但它会培养你的爱的能力，在陌生人面前很害羞。如果你想让它笑，就摸它。Lovet会尽它所能让你充满快乐。‎ ‎36. invented 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词invent“发明”，动词；由in December，2018可知时态用一般过去时，句意：一家日本公司于2018年12月发明了它，故答案填invented。‎ ‎37. lonely 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词lonely“孤独的”，形容词，修饰后面的名词people；句意：它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱。故答案填lonely。‎ ‎38. name 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词name“名字”，没错；句意：“Lovet”这个名字来源于“love”和“robot”这两个词，故答案填name。‎ ‎39. soft 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词soft“柔软的”，形容词，修饰后面的名词body；句意：带着两只明亮的眼睛和柔软的身体，Lovet在你家里四处走动，故答案填soft。‎ ‎40. camera 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词camera“照相机”，名词；句意：Lovet用在它头上的照相机的帮助下跟着你，故答案填camera。‎ ‎41. even 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词even“甚至”，副词；句意：它甚至可以记住多达1000张脸，故答案填even。‎ ‎42. develop 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词develop“发展”，动词；will后跟动词原形，句意：但它会培养你的爱的能力，故答案填develop。‎ ‎43. arms 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词arm“手臂”，名词；由前面的its two little，可知此处用其复数形式，句意：它用三个轮子转动，挥舞着它的两个小手臂，故答案填arms。‎ ‎44. shy 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词shy“害羞的”，形容词；句意：它在陌生人面前很害羞，故答案填shy。‎ ‎45. behind 考查介词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词behind“在……后面”，介词；句意：当你打开门时，它会藏在后面，故答案是behind。‎